SR.

NO T-CODE DESCRIPTION

USER MAINTAINANCE
1 SU01 Single user maintenance
2 SU10 Mass user maintenance
3 SU01D Display user
4 SU3 Maintain user profile
5 SUIM User information management
6 SUGR User group maintenance

SE38 ABAP editor

Maintain table/view
SM30

SUCOMP Create company

CLIENT ADMINISTRATION

BD54/SALE Logical system

SCC4 Client creation

SCC5 Client deletion

SCC3 Client copy log

SCC7/STMS_IMPORT/STMS Import client

SCC8 Export client

SCCL Local client copy

SCC9 Remote client copy

SCC1 Client copy by transport request

SCU0 Client comparison

SPRO Customizing (IMG)

SE37 Lock/unlock client

SE10 Customizing request

SE09 Workbench request

SE80 Cross client change

SM59 RFC request

SM12 Lock entries

SM13 Update record

SM21 Monitor R/3 system logs

SM04 Monitor user session (single user instances)

SM36 Schedule background jobs

SM37 Background job overview

SM30 Maintain table/view

SM50 Monitor work process (single server)

SM51 Monitor all SAP servers
SM66 Monitor work process (multi server)
 SM35 Monitor batch input overview

AL08 Monitor user session (multiple user instances)

AL11 Display all SAP directories

LSMW To upload file in LSMW

PFCG Manage roles and authorization data

DB02 Database statistics

ST22 ABAP short dumps

ST02 Tune/buffer summary

ST06 Resource utilization (CPU, Memory etc.)

=>SAP Installation types(IDES-International Demo Education System)

==>Non-IDES Installation(Default clients- 000,001,066, Application component-

SAP_BASIS,SAP_ABA,SAP_BW)

==>IDES Installation(Default clients- 000,001,066,800,810,811,812, Application component-

SAP_BASIS,SAP_ABA,SAP_APPL,SAP_BW,SAP_HR)

=>Default Client

000 - Golden client used for upgradation and relese management

001 - Master client used to create the new clients

066 - Early watch client used for monitoring and diagnostic purpose

=>OS/Oracle Database users

<sid>adm - OS Administrator

sapadm - Host agent

SYSTEM - Database User

SYS - SYSDBA

=>TCP/IP ports used by sap abap application server

Dispatcher - 32$$

Gateway - 33$$

Message Server - 36$$

$$ means instance number

=>ABAP Schema

SAPSR3

=>SAP R/3 Profiles

Start profile

Default profile

Instance profile

=>SAP Application Software

SAP NW AS ABAP - SAP ERP

SAP NW AS Java - SAP Enterprise Portal

Dual stack(AS ABAP+AS Java) - SAP Solution Manager

=>SAP Application Users

DDIC

SAP*

=>SWPM(Software Provisioning Manager)

SAP ECC installation/uninstallation/rename/system copy

=>What is support packages?

When an end user of sap find a bug, it is inspected by sap programmer and

develop a correction for the bug. The correction is known as SNOTE. Sap collects

all this corrections in one place and this collection of patches is called

Support packages. Support package stacks is a group of support stacks.

-------------------------------------

Components of NetWeaver -

SAP Mobile Infrastructure(MI) - Enables mobile applications to run connected or disconnected.

Enterprise Portal(EP) - Independence of platform,Easy collaboration between teams.

Business Intelligence(BW) - End-to-End solution is available.

Master Data Management(MDM) - Integrity of information is maintained.

Exchange Infrastructure(XI) - Easy process integration with both internal & external process.

--------------------------------------------

SAP BASIS architecture components -

Dispatcher - used to distribute the user request to work processes.

Dialog Work process - Used to execute dialog programs(10)

Backgraound Work process - used to run programs without user interaction.(3)

Spool work process - used to pass sequential data flows onto printer(1)

Enqueue work process - Used to administer lock tables in shared memory.(0)

Update work process - Used to handle critical updates(1)

Message Server - Communicate between distributed dispatchers

Gateway server - Communicate between one sap with other sap

Software Deployment manager - Communicate between ABAP & JAVA dispatcher

---------------------------------------

ASAP Methodology(accelerated SAP) - used for implementation projects

1.Project preparation

2.Business blueprint
3.Realization

4.Final Preparation

5.Go live & Support

SAP Activate -

1.Prepare

2.Explore

3.Realize

4.Deploy

5.Run

----------------------------------------

=>Tcodes

--------Client Administration----------

BD54/SALE - Logical System

SCC4 - Create new client

SCCL - Copy client on local

SCC9 - Copy client on remote

SCC8 - Export a client

SCC7/STMS_IMPORT/STMS - Import a client

SCC3 - Client copy log (if client copies in client is 1 then it means client is copied else not)

SCC5 - Client deletion

SCU0 - Client comparison

SCC1 - Client copy by transport request(only client specific)

SE37 - Lock/Unlock Client

==>For client import and export K(Command files) is for change and R(Data files) is for relese where
there are 3 types of changes

=>KO/RO - For transporting cross-client data,If you have selected this

=>KT/RT - For transporting client specific data

=>KX/RX - For transporting client specific data text, provided texts are available in this client

------------------------------------------

SAP* cannot be used for client export

STMS - Configure sap system landscape

STMS_IMPORT - show list of import client

SNOTE - Applying sap notes/implementing coding corrections

SPAM - Applying/implementing sap patches/sap support packages

SPDD/SPAU - Applying patches in three system landscape

SAINT - Additional installation tools

RZ10(edit parameters)/RZ11(display parameters) - import SAP R/3 Profile parameters...(RZ10-Static

parameter,RZ11-Dynamic parameter)

RZ10 - to activate/deactivate automatic sap* login

----RFC-----

SM59 - RFC(Remote function call used to establish connectivity between 2 or more SAP systems)

SMQ2(Inbound Queue)/SMQ1(outbound Queue) - QRFC(Queued RFC is an integral part of data transfer

between various SAP systems)

SM58 - TRFC(Transactional RFC same as QRFC)

-------------

==>Types of client data

=>Application data - Contains master data and transactional data(Business user)

=>Customizing data - Contains organiztional data such as company code sale orgnization(Functional
Consultant)

=>User master record - Contains user and authorization data(Technical consultant)

--------------Daily Monitoring transaction code--------

SM50/SM66 - Monitoring Work process(Local/Global)

SM04/AL08 - Monitoring user sessions(local/global)

SM51 - Monitoring SAP application server

SM37 - Monitoring background jobs

SM13 - Monitoring update records

SM12 - Monitoring lock entries

SM02 - Send system message

SM28/SICK - To check for any installation error/Consistency check

RZ20 - CCMS Monitor sets

RZ21 - Monitor Remote Systems

SM21 - Monitoring R/3 log files

ST22 - Monitoring ABAP short dump

ST03/ST03N - Monitoring SAP workload

ST03N - Transaction profile

STC01 - Task list

ST06 - Monitoring resource utilization/Operating system monitor

ST02 - Monitoring buffer tune summary

ST04 - DB Alert monitoring/Performance analysis

ST01 - System trace

ST05 - SQL trace

DB01 - Oracle lock monitor

DB02 - database administration

DB03 - Parameters changes in database

DB12 - Database backup logs

DB13 - DBA Planning Calendar/Perform full backup of system

DB14 - DBA Action logs

DB16 - DAtabase checks

DB17 - Check condition for database administration

DB24 - Analyzing internal fragmentation.

SGEN - Load generator(Compile all abap programs)

SMLT/i18N - Check default language installed

-----------------------------------------------------
SLICENSE - Used to check/install the license key

AL11 - SAP OS Directories

SECATT - Create and run eCATT(eCATT[Extended Computer Aided Test Tool] is used for automatic
testing tool for sap gui in windows. It is used in development systems.)

LSMW - LSMW(Legacy System Migration Workbench) is Data Migration Tool used to upload less volume
data. It is part of final preparation activity. contains 14 steps. can upload any csv file.

SM35 - Monitor batch input overview

---------------------User Administration---------------

SU01 - Create/copy/change/lock/unlock/change password/delete a user

SU01D - Display user

SU03 - Maintain default tab page(User profile)

SU10 - Create/lock/unlock mass user

SUGR - User group

SUIM - SAP User Information Management

SM30 - Maintain table/views

-------------------------------------------------------

CTS Tools - SE09,SE10,SE01,SE03

SE06 - Post installation steps for transport organizer

SE09 - Relese Workbench organizer

SPR0 - Customizing(IMG)(Performing Client specific changes)

SE10 - Relese Customizing organizer

SE01 - Transport organizer

SE03 - Transport organizer tool

SE38 - To run a abap report(ABAP editor)/ Display users/user groups

SE11 - Abap dictionary

SE16 - Data Browser(Table content)

SE80/SPRO - Performing cross-client changes(for workbench request)

PFCG - Creating roles and transport roles

----------------------------------------------------------

SAP R3 profile management -

USR40 - this table used to maintain illegal password

RZ11 - Display Profile parameter(Dynamic parameter)

RZ10 - Edit profiles(Static parameter)

static parameter - need restart of sap instance

dynamic parameter - No restart of sap instance

-----------------------------------------------------------

ABAP Workbench -

SE18/SE19 - BADI implementation

SMOD/CMOD - User exits

SWDD/SUU3 - Workflow objects in RICEF class

SE51 - Screen painter

SE41 - Menu painter

SE37 - Function builder

Table- USR40 - Maintain illegal password exceptions

Every sap report starts with A to X & every report will have screen number

-------------------------------------------------------

------Internet transaction server---------

*Service parameters:-

1.Selection of SAP system - Load balancing across message server,Direct selection of application server

2.Implicit logon - All data for logging onto an sap system is in service file.

3.Explicit logon - The data for logging onto sap system is only partly in service file.

*ITS instances:-

ITS instances consist of

1.One ITS administration instance 2.one or more virtual instances

*Network security:-
Network security determines how the W gate & A gate communicate with each other.

Types of security:-

1.Socket 2.Network Interface 3.NI secure network communications

*ITS log files:-

1.Access logs

2.Load statistics logs

3.Diagnostics logs

4.Performance logs

*ITS template runtime modes - 1.Development mode 2.Production mode

*Monitor & trobleshooting includes:

1.Network between frontend & SAP system

2.ITS

3.Web server

4.Workplace server

*saprouter is in middle of Wgate and Agate

*For middleware servers Contiuous montoring is done by "ITS monitor"

while in SAP system monitoring(Backend monitoring) contiuous monitoring is done by "central CCMS"

----------------------------------------------------------

---SAP GUI strategy------

=>SAP GUI Variants

SAP GUI for Windows

SAP GUI for Java

SAP GUI for HTML

SICF - Activate the nwbc service

nwbc - opens business client for HTML

*sapmsg.ini,saproute.ini and saplogon.ini can be independently stored in either Windows directory or

GUI directory

*Favourite server - Server with highest instance weight

---------------------------------------------------------------

-----OS Administration------------

STOP application instance - stopsap.exe name='system name' nr='instance no' sapdiahost='host name'

STOP Database - sqlplus /nolog

Start Database - STARTUP

START application sever - startsap.exe name='sys name' nr='instance no' sapdiahost='host name'

*For shutdown immediate option to access in os administration login through SYSDBA

*How to check connectivity between application & database layer - type 'r3trans -d' command in os if it
shows (0000) means it is connected

*For getting host name type 'hostname' command in os

*To get system information type 'systeminfo'.

*check connectivity of host - type 'ping <hostaddress>' command in os level

------------------------------------------------------------------

----Background Job Administration---------

*By default there are 3 background work process

SM36/SM36wiz - Define Background job

SM37 - Monitoring background jobs(List view)

RZ01 - Monitoring background jobs(Graphical view)

SO15 - SAP office:Distribution list(Bulk mail recipient)

SBWP - SAP mail - Inbox

SP01/SP02 - Monitoring spool request

SE38/SA38 :-

=>RSBTCDEL2 - Delete old jobs

=>BTCTRNS1 - Suspend all background jobs

=>BTCTRNS2 - Resume all background jobs

*Standard jobs that are to run regularly in a productive sap system is called background jobs

*There are 3 classes in background job. A(High priority),B(medium priority) and C(low priority)

*Job step - job step is to whether run ABAP program,External command or External Program

*Job condition - Job can be Time based(immediate,At date/time,on chosen day) or Event based(after
event,after job,at charge of operation mode)

*Job status - types of job status(Schedule,Relesed,Ready,Active,Finished,Canceled),Active job can be

either 'finished' or 'cancelled'

---------------------------------------------------

------Operational Modes-----------

RZ04 - Create operational modes(Can change only dialog and background work process)

SM63 - Maintain time table

SM66 - Define time table

RZ03 - Assign operational mode to instances

SM50/AL08 - Local/Global work process overview

SM21 - Monitoring R/3 log files

-----------------------------------------------------

Spool Administration:-

SPAD - Spool administration

SU3 - User profile(Set default printer name)

SP01/SP02 - Spool request(Cross-client/client specific)

SP11 - Tem Se Object(Temporary Sequential)

SP12 - Tem Se Administration

SPOV - Overview of output requests

SE38 :-

RSPO1041 - delete old spool req

REPO1043 - spool consistency check

Types of Access methods -

1.Local printing on pc/workstation running on unix(L)

2.Remote printing using unix(U), Remote printing using Windows(S)

3.Frontend printing on Computer(F)

4.External output Management(E)

--------------------------------------------------------

List of ABAP programs used by basis consultant:-

RSUSR000 - List of all users logged on

RSUSR002 - Users by complex creation criteria

RSUSR002_ADDRESS - Users by address data

RSPFPAR/RSPARAM - Display profile parameter

BTCTRNS1 - Suspend/pause backgraound jobs

BTCTRNS2 - Resume background jobs

RSPO1041 - Delete old spool req

RSPO1043 - Spool data consistency check

RSSNAPDL - Delete abap dumps

RSBTCDEL2 - Delete background job

------------------------------------------------------

List of ABAP tables:-

USR02 - Logon Data Information

USR40 - illegal password

T000 - Client Details

T100 - SAP Messages

TSTC/TSTCT - SAP transaction codes

AGR_USERS - Assignment of Roles to users

AGR_NAME - Role Names

AGR_1251 - Authorization data for activity groups

------------------------------------

Not doing this

V_TBDLS - Logical System

E070/E071 - Transport Request

V_TDEVC - ABAP Packages

DEVACCESS - Development access key for user

TADIR - Directory for Respository objects

---------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------

Database administration:-

Oracle profile - init(<SID>.ora

Oracle Net8 files - tnsnames.ora,listener.ora,sqlnet.ora

R/3 Profile - init<SID>.dba, init<SID>.sap

Database roles:-

SYSDBA - has access to all database tables

SYSOPER - can perform startup, shutdown and backup but has no access to database tables

SAPDBA - has access to some tables which required for background actions.

Database User:-

SYS - Database owner, has access to all tables

SYSTEM - has access to tables in read and write mode(but not oracle DDIC tables)
SAPR3 - owner of database tables and indexes used by the R/3 applications, has no access for database
administration.

Connect Request:-

Internal

Database backup stages for offline redu:-

1.Archived

2.Saved

3.Copied

4.Deleted

-------------------------------------------------

SAP Auditing :-

Audit is used to track who,when and what business user has done in sap system.

SM18 - Delete old audit logs

SM19 - Administer Audit Profile

SM20 - Analysis of Security Audit logs

-------------------------------------------------------------

Workload analysis and Memory management :-

Basis Tuning - workload should be distributed optimally to avoid performance related bottlenecks.

Application tuning - Potimized programs & usage of apps can help in avoiding unnecessary workload.

ST01 - Authorization/system trace

ST02 - Setups buffers(tune summary)

ST03 - Workload statistics

ST04 - Database alert monitor/performance analysis

ST05 - SQL trace

ST06 - Operating System monitor/Resource utilization

SM50/SM66 - Work process overview

Memory Management:-

Local memory - is associated with individual work process

Shared memory - is associated with all the process of one instance

Extended memory - contains user contexts that is objects associated with individual users

Heap memory - contains user contexts, for example when extended memory is full.

Roll memory - contains the initial part of user contexts

R/3 paging memory - contains ABAP objects and context independent objects

Six types of R/3 Memory areas:-

1.buffer

2.Extended memory

3.Heap memory

4.Roll memory

5.Paging memory

6.Local work process memory

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Central User Administration(CUA):-

It uses Application link enabling(ALE) that allows administration of an entire system landscape from one
single central system.

It consist of 1.Basic ALE customizing and 2.configration of the fields of the user master records to be
distributed.

Administartive task in CUA:-

1.Locking users in cua

2.Mass transport
3.Log display

4.Analyzing distribution errors

SCUL - Log display

WE05 - Analyzing distribution errors

Data is transferred between system & ALE.

ALE uses IDocs to distribute data.

For every user, 3 IDocs are distributed:-

1.User data

2.Role assignment

3.Profile assignment

--------------------------------------------------------

Performance Optimization Management:-

Database related performence issues:-

1.Cost-based optimizer -

1.1-Reason for performance problems

1.2-Refreshing the object statistics

1.3-Modifying the standard procedure

2.Physical and logical layout

3.Application design

4.Memory configration -

4.1-Data buffer - It works as Database cache(Data buffer hit ratio must be >=94)

4.2-Shared pool - Shared pool caches parsed SQL statements and data dictionary information from
Database.

---------------------------------------------------------------

R/3 buffering and Interface monitoring:-

Types of hardware bottlenecks:-

1.High paging rates

2.High CPU utilization

3.High disk read/write

4.High network response time

Reasons for bottlenecks:-

incorrect sizing,Workload distributed incorrectly, Expensive programs

incorrect disk layout or slow disk, network topology maintained incorrectly

Interface Monitoring:-

RFCs(Remote function call):-

used for communication between sap application layer and sap GUIs.

used also for communication between two sap systems or one sap and one external system.

starting processes in parallel within one sap system.

Types of RFCs:-

1.Synchronous - for communication between systems & between application layer and GUI.

2.Asynchronous - For communicating between systems & for parallel processing

3.Transactional - For SAFE communication between systems.

Communication methods:-

1.TRFC(Transactional Remote Function call) - It is part of SAP functionality. A number of function

modules are allowed to be bundled into a single LUW(Logical Unit of Work)

2.FTP(File Transfer Protocol) - It is of sequential nature and done on operating system level. this is
normally used by EDI systems.

-------------------------------------------------------------------

Software Logistics Tool Set:-

System Rename:-
Run SWPM->sapinst->System Rename->Standard System->SAP System Rename.

SAP Uninstallation:-

Run SWPM->Start sapinst->Go to generic options->choose oracle->select uninstall

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SAP HANA

SAP HANA services-

1.presentation services

2.application services

3.integration services

4.database services

SAP HANA lifecycle management-

1.platform lifecycle management - Administartor(HPLM) does rename,install,uninstall,update type of

things

2.Application lifecycle management - developer(HALM) does delivery management of packages

SAP Hana core Database process or services -

1.daemon - starts all other process & keep them running

2.index server - the main database process,data loads,queries....,embedded statistic server in 2.0

3.name server - knows database landscape,knows data distribution

4.pre processor - feed unstructured data ,text mining

5.compile server - compiles all other process & program

6.web dispatcher - process all http request

7.xs engine

SAP HANA architecture -

1.XSC architecture

2.XSA architecture

3.MDG architecture
see explainations in mobile pic

-----------------------------------------------------------------

HANA pre-installation -

1.HANA sizing component - CPU,Memory,storage,disk,network

2.HANA sizing tools - Quick sizer tools,T-shirt sizing,ABAP programs,Disk,Expert sizing

3.Quicksizer tools for SAP system - SAP business suite on hana,SAP s/4 hana,SAP BW4/ hana,sizing in
memory DB

Operating systems supported -

SUSE Linux enterprise server(SLES),Redhat enterprise linux(RHEL)

File system supported for HANA -

NFS(Network file system),XFS(Redhat linux 7 file systems),GPFS(IBM General parallel File system)

----------------------------------------------------------

SAP HANA installation -

SAP HANA System components -

Hostname,Instance number,SID

3-ways to download SAP HANA -

1.Service market place

2.SAP HANA studio->check for update functionality

3.SAP solution manager->Maintainence planner

List of default users created during installation -

1.<sid>adm - os administrator, used to stop/start/restart sap hana

2.sapadm - host agent administrator, internal user & non-dialog user

3.SYSTEM - database super user, has all system permissions

SAP HANA installation options - HDBLCM,HDBLCMGUI,HDBLCMWEBGUI

---------------------------------------------------------

SAP HANA Admin tools -

cockpit 2.0

hana studio

DBACOCKPIT

HDBSQL-command line

sap solution manager 7.2

sap DBA control center

LaMa

ITOA

SAP HANA Development tools -

web based development workbench

web IDE for SAP HANA(on-premise)

web IDE for HANA(full stack)

hana studio

-------------------------------------------------------------

SAP HANA studio -

It is an eclipse-based tool. SAP HANA studio is both,the central development envirnment and the main
administration tool for hana system.

It is client tool,which can be access local or remote hana system.

Types of perspective -

1.SAP HANA Administration console

2.SAP HANA Modeler

3.SAP HANA Development(ABAP)

Types of information views -

1.Attribute view

2.analytic view

3.calculation view

SAP HANA TABS -

1.Landscape tab page - provide the status of the system's performance

2.Alert tab page - all current & unresolved alerts

3.Performance tab page - Monitoring purpose

4.Volumes tab page - monitoring of disk usage,volume size and other disk activity.

5.Configration tab page - allows to check the parameters in the configuration files.

6.System information tab page - has pre-defined SQL statements on system views

7.Diagnosis files tab page - It includes diagosis of log and trace files.

8.Trace configration tab page

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

DBA cockpit -

It is used for remote monitoring of databases

Below details are required to add system in DBA-cockpit - Hostname,SQL port no, Username/password

Advantages of DBA-cockpit -

1.can schdule backup which is not possible in hana studio

2.Monitoring DB using SAP ECC without investment on other hana admin tools

Disadvantages -

1.Not user friendly like hana studio

2.hana lifecycle management is not available(HALM,HPLM)

for starting use tcode DBACOCKPIT

Screen Layout of DBA-cockpit -

1.Application toolbar - Provide basic functions like display/hide landscape tool

2.System landscape toolbar - Provide central functions to manage landscape

3.Navigation frame - Provide quick access to a range of analysis information

4.Framework message window - Contains complete history of the message sent during session

5.Central system data - Provide information like-time of last refresh,database startup time

6.Action area - Display details of selected action

7.Action message window - Display additional info about selected action.

---------------------------------------------------------------

Backup & Recovery -

Data is always saved from memory to disk at save points and data changes are written into redo log
files.

DATA - SQL data & undo log info

LOGs - redo logs(info abt data chages)

savepoint - changed data & memory log written to persistent storage.

Types of backup -

1.FUll backup - all data backup

2.Delta backup - partial data backup

2.1 Incremental backup - based on full backup,an earlier incremental backup,or a differential backup

2.2 Differential backup - always based ona full backup,backups all data after changes made

BACKUP_ADMIN & CATALOG READ these 2 privilege requird to perform backup by database
administrator

Step for the recovery process -

1.shut down system

2.only business users can do

3.at least one full backup is necessary

Types of Recovery -

1.Most recent state

2.Point in time

3.Specific data backup

4.Specific log position

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

HANA Security overview -

Access to hana is secured by -

1.authentication/sso

2.authorization

3.data encryption

4.audit logging

HANA standard user -

SYSTEM,<sid>adm,SYS,_SYS_BI,_SYS_BIC,_SYS_REPO,_SYS_STATISTICS

Important types of privileges -

1.System privilege - Control general system activities,used for administration purpose

2.Object privilege - Control access & modification of database objects(eg. select,alter,drop)

HANA Database user creation -

Create user <user_name>

Create Restricted User <user_name>

Role creation -

Create Role <role_name>

--------------------------------------------------------------------

HANA studio configration -

Configration tab -

This tab allows us to check/set parameters in the configration files

SAP HANA database system properties are defined in the parameters of its configration files.

-------------------------------------------------------------

SAP HANA Auditing -

Privileges required for auditing -

audit admin - required to create/change/delete audit policies

audit operator - required to delete audit logs

audit read - required to read audit policies

catalog read - required to read audit policies

inifile admin - required to change audit status

Auditing Configration parameters -

default_audit_trail_type

emergency_audit_trail_type

alert_audit_trail_type

critical_audit_trail_type

audit_statement_length

Define audit policy -

1.Audit status - enable,disable

2.Audit actions - DDL,DML,DCL,TCL,ALL

3.Audit action status - Successful,Unsuccessful,All,

4.Audit trial targets(CSTABLE,syslog,CSV)

5.Audit Level(Info,Emergency)