A Report on

Industrial Internship
At
Walchand Institute of Technology, Solapur
in collaboration with
RMTAG Solutions, Renu electronics, &
Intelux electronics

By
Tejas Suraj Fattewale

Under the Guidance of

Mr. S.P. Swami

Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

S.A.P.D. Jain Pathashala’s
Walchand Institute of Technology, Solapur
2023-24

pg. 1
 Certificate
This is to certify that the report entitled

Research Internship
at
Walchand Institute of Technology

Submitted by
Tejas Suraj Fattewale

Is a bonafide work carried out by him under the supervision of Mr. Vipul H Kondekar
and the training in-charge at the institute and it is approved for the partial fulfillment
of the requirement of P.A.H. Solapur University, Solapur, for the award of the degree
of

B.Tech. (Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering)

This work has not been earlier submitted to any Institute or University for the award
of any degree or diploma.

Mr. S.P. Swami Dr. Ms. A.V. Thalange

Guide Head
E & TC Engg. E & TC Engg.
WIT, Solapur WIT, Solapur

Dr. V. A. Athavale
Principal
WIT, Solapur
pg. 2
Internship certificate: -

pg. 3
 Acknowledgment

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all those who have supported and guided
me throughout my internship in Embedded Systems and IoT Applications.

Firstly, I extend my heartfelt thanks to S.P. Swami sir, my supervisor, Dr. A. V.

Thalange, Head, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, and
Dr. V. A. Athavale, Principal, WIT, Solapur for their invaluable guidance, insightful
feedback, and continuous encouragement. Their expertise and patience were
instrumental in shaping my understanding of embedded systems and IoT applications.

I am also grateful to Walchand Institute of Technology, Solapur for providing me

with the opportunity to work on such a challenging and enriching project. The resources
and facilities provided were crucial for the successful completion of my internship.

A special thanks to the entire team at ENTC department for their support and
collaboration. Their willingness to share knowledge and assist me at every step made
my learning experience both enjoyable and rewarding.

Thank you all for contributing to this rewarding experience.

Tejas Fattewale
---

pg. 4
 INDEX

Chapter Name of Chapter Page

No. No
Acknowledgement 4

Chapter 1 Introduction 7
Chapter 2 Objectives of the Internship 8
Chapter 3 Description of the Company/Organization 9
Chapter 4 Projects and Responsibilities 10
Chapter 5 Learning Experience 20
Chapter 6 Challenges and Solutions 21
Chapter 7 Conclusion and Self-Evaluation 23
Bibliography 24

pg. 5
 List of Figures

Figure. No. Title of Figure Page No.

4.1.1 Technology stack diagram 11

4.1.2 Block diagram 11

4.2.1 Interfacing lcd with microcontroller 17

4.2.2 Sine wave generation using 18

oscilloscope

pg. 6
 Chapter 1: Introduction

This report details my internship experience at Walchand Institute of Technology,

Solapur (An Autonomous Institute) where I had the opportunity to delve into the world
of embedded systems and IoT applications. The primary objective of this internship was
to gain practical knowledge and hands-on experience in designing, developing, and
deploying embedded systems and IoT solutions.
The internship was sponsored by:-
• RMTAG SOLUTIONS LLP, Bangalore
• Intelux Electronics Pvt Ltd Narhe,Pune, Maharashtra
• Renu Electronics Pvt. Ltd.,Pune, Maharashtra
The Resource Personnel from Dept. of E&TC, WIT, Solapur included:
1) Mr. V.H. Kondekar 2) Mr. P. D. R Patnaik 3) Mr. S.P. Swami 4) Mr. P.U Dhage
5) Mr. V. D. Mylavarapu
During the internship, I worked on embedded system applications , which provided me
with a comprehensive understanding of the various components and processes involved
in creating functional and efficient embedded systems. I collaborated with a team of
skilled professionals mentioned above, who guided me through the intricacies of
hardware design, software development, and system integration.

pg. 7
 Chapter 2: Objectives of the Internship:

The primary objectives of the internship in Embedded Systems and IoT Applications at
Walchand Institute of Technology, Solapur were as follows:
1. Gain Practical Experience: To acquire hands-on experience in the design,
development, and deployment of embedded systems and IoT applications. This included
working with microcontrollers, sensors, actuators, and communication modules.
2. Enhance Technical Skills: To develop a deeper understanding of the technical
aspects of embedded systems, including hardware interfacing, real-time operating
systems, and firmware development
3.Understand IoT Ecosystem: To explore the IoT ecosystem, including various
communication protocols (e.g., MQTT, HTTP, Bluetooth, Zigbee), cloud platforms,
and data analytics tools.
4. Explore Industry Trends: To stay updated with the latest trends and advancements
in embedded systems and IoT technologies. This involved researching emerging
technologies, attending seminars or webinars, and understanding their potential impact
on various industries.

By achieving these objectives, the internship aimed to provide a holistic learning

experience, equipping me with the knowledge and skills necessary to excel in the field
of embedded systems and IoT applications.

pg. 8
 Chapter 3. Description of the Company/Organization:

1. RMTAG Solutions LLP, Bangalore: -

RMTAG Solutions LLP is a technology-driven company based in Bangalore. The
company specializes in providing innovative solutions in the fields of embedded
systems, IoT, and automation. They focus on developing custom hardware and software
solutions tailored to meet the specific needs of their clients across various industries.
Their expertise includes system design, prototyping, and deployment, aiming to
enhance operational efficiency and technological advancement for businesses.
2. Intelux Electronics Pvt Ltd, Narhe, Pune, Maharashtra:-
Intelux Electronics Pvt Ltd is located in Narhe, Pune, Maharashtra. The company is
renowned for its expertise in the design and manufacture of energy-efficient lighting
solutions. Intelux Electronics specializes in LED lighting products and smart lighting
control systems. They cater to a wide range of sectors including residential, commercial,
and industrial applications. Their commitment to innovation and sustainability has
positioned them as a leader in the lighting industry.
3. Renu Electronics Pvt. Ltd., Pune, Maharashtra
Renu Electronics Pvt. Ltd., based in Pune, Maharashtra, is a prominent player in the
industrial automation sector. The company develops and manufactures a wide range of
products including Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), Human Machine
Interfaces (HMIs), and other industrial control devices. Renu Electronics focuses on
delivering high-quality, reliable automation solutions to enhance manufacturing
processes and operational efficiency for industries worldwide. Their products are
known for their robustness, ease of use, and advanced features.

These companies play significant roles in their respective fields, contributing to

advancements in technology and industrial solutions.
pg. 9
 Chapter 4. Projects and Responsibilities:

Project: - IOT based Centralized Monitoring System for Street Light Fault Detection

Problem Statement: -
"There is a need for a centralized system that can detect faults in real-time, track the
precise location of faulty streetlights, and optimize energy usage to improve operational
efficiency and reduce expenses."

Introduction:
In many cities and urban areas, maintaining street lighting can be a costly and inefficient
task. Burnt-out bulbs and faults often go unnoticed for extended periods, leading to
increased energy consumption and higher maintenance expenses. To address these
challenges, a Centralized Monitoring System for Street Light Fault Detection and
Location Tracking has been proposed. This system aims to use advanced technologies
like sensors and real-time monitoring to swiftly detect faults in streetlights, pinpoint
their exact locations, and optimize energy usage. By doing so, it seeks to enhance the
efficiency, safety, and sustainability of urban street lighting infrastructure.

pg. 10
Figure 4.1.1 Technology stack diagram

Figure4.1.2 Block diagram of project

pg. 11
Implementation:-
Working of the IoT-based Street Light Fault Detection System

1. Hardware Setup and Sensor Readings

Components:
- LDR (Light Dependent Resistor): Measures the ambient light intensity. Its
resistance decreases with increasing light intensity, and this change is converted
to a voltage value by the voltage divider circuit, which the NodeMCU reads as
an analog value.
- IR Sensor: Detects the presence of light from the streetlight. When the streetlight
is on, the IR sensor will output a high signal; when the streetlight is off, it will
output a low signal.
- NodeMCU (ESP8266): A microcontroller with built-in Wi-Fi capabilities. It
reads the sensor data, processes it, and communicates with the cloud platform.

Connections:
- LDR Circuit:
- One end of the LDR is connected to 3.3V.
- The other end is connected to an analog pin (A0) on the NodeMCU and to a 10kΩ
resistor, which is connected to ground.
- IR Sensor Circuit:
- The VCC pin of the IR sensor is connected to 3.3V.
- The GND pin is connected to ground.
- The OUT pin is connected to a digital pin (D1) on the NodeMCU.

pg. 12
2. Software Implementation

Wi-Fi Connection:
- The NodeMCU connects to a Wi-Fi network using the provided SSID and
password.
- It continuously checks and maintains this connection to ensure data can be sent
to the cloud.

MQTT Setup:
- The NodeMCU connects to an MQTT broker to publish fault detection messages.
- If the connection is lost, the NodeMCU attempts to reconnect.

Sensor Data Reading and Processing:

- The NodeMCU reads the analog value from the LDR and the digital value from
the IR sensor.
- The LDR value indicates the ambient light level:
- A low LDR value means it is dark.
- A high LDR value means it is bright.
- The IR sensor value indicates the streetlight status:
- A low IR value means the streetlight is off.
- A high IR value means the streetlight is on.

Fault Detection Logic:

- The system checks for two main fault conditions:
- Fault Condition 1: If it is dark (low LDR value) but the streetlight is off (low IR
value), it indicates a fault because the light should be on.
- Fault Condition 2: If it is bright (high LDR value) but the streetlight is on (high
IR value), it indicates a fault because the light should be off.
pg. 13
Data Publishing:
- If a fault is detected, the NodeMCU publishes a message to the MQTT broker
with the fault details.
- Sensor data (LDR and IR values) is sent to ThingSpeak using HTTP GET
requests. This data can be visualized on the ThingSpeak dashboard.

3. Cloud Platform Integration

ThingSpeak Configuration:
- A channel is created on ThingSpeak with fields for the LDR and IR sensor data.
- The NodeMCU sends sensor data to ThingSpeak at regular intervals.
- The ThingSpeak dashboard visualizes this data in real-time, allowing for easy
monitoring of streetlight status.

4. Visualization and Alerts

ThingSpeak Dashboard:
- Widgets display real-time graphs of LDR and IR sensor values.
- Fault detection messages can also be visualized on the dashboard.
- Alerts:
- ThingSpeak can be configured to send alerts via email or SMS when specific
conditions are met, such as when a fault is detected. This ensures that
maintenance personnel are promptly informed of any issues.

pg. 14
Conclusion:-

The IoT-based street light fault detection system operates by continuously monitoring
the ambient light level and the status of the streetlight using LDR and IR sensors. The
NodeMCU processes this data and identifies any discrepancies that indicate a fault. The
system sends real-time data to the ThingSpeak cloud platform, where it can be
visualized and analyzed. Alerts ensure timely notification of faults, enabling efficient
maintenance and management of streetlights.

pg. 15
Topics covered in internship:-
1: Introduction to Embedded Systems –

Overview of Embedded Systems and their applications.

Introduction to microcontrollers and microprocessors.

Embedded programming basics: C/C++ for embedded systems.

These fundamentals covered during my internship provided a strong foundation in

understanding and developing embedded systems and IoT applications.

2: Microcontroller Programming –

In-depth study of a popular microcontroller (e.g., Arduino, STM32, or PIC). –

Writing and debugging embedded software. –

Interfacing with digital and analog sensors

Through these activities, I gained practical experience in programming

microcontrollers, writing and debugging embedded software, and interfacing with both
digital and analog sensors, enhancing my skills in embedded systems development.

3: Embedded Systems Development Tools –

Introduction to Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) for embedded

programming. –

Use of debugging tools, simulators, and emulators.

By leveraging these development tools, I enhanced my ability to write, test, and debug
embedded software efficiently. This comprehensive understanding of IDEs, debugging
tools, simulators, and emulators is crucial for successful embedded systems
development.

pg. 16
4: Hardware Interfacing –

Practical sessions on interfacing various peripherals: LEDs, LCDs, sensors, actuators,

etc. Hands-on experience with GPIO, I2C, SPI, and UART protocols.These practical
sessions and hands-on experiences provided a comprehensive understanding of
hardware interfacing and communication protocols, crucial for developing robust
embedded systems.

Figure 4.1.1: - Interfacing microcontroller with lcd

pg. 17
 Figure 4.2.2: - Sine wave generation using microcontroller

5: Introduction to IoT –

Overview of the Internet of Things (IoT) and its applications. –

Understanding the IoT ecosystem and architecture.

6: IoT Protocols and Communication –

Study of communication protocols for IoT (MQTT, CoAP, HTTP). –

Hands-on experience with wireless communication modules (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, LoRa).

These experiences with IoT protocols and wireless communication modules provided a
solid foundation in developing IoT applications, enabling seamless data transmission
and device connectivity in various IoT ecosystems.

pg. 18
7: Sensor Integration and Data Acquisition –

Integration of sensors with microcontrollers for data acquisition.

Data preprocessing and filtering techniques.

Through these practical exercises, I developed a comprehensive understanding of sensor

integration and data acquisition, along with the necessary preprocessing and filtering
techniques to ensure data quality and reliability in embedded systems and IoT
applications.

8: IoT System Development –

Design and development of an end-to-end IoT system. –

Cloud platforms for IoT (e.g., AWS, Azure, or Google Cloud).

These experiences in IoT system development, cloud integration, and application

development provided a comprehensive understanding of building robust and scalable
IoT solutions.

pg. 19
 Chapter 5. Learning Experience:

During my internship at Walchand Institute of Technology (WIT), I had a

transformative learning experience that significantly shaped my understanding of
embedded systems and prepared me for the professional world. Here are some key
learning experiences from my internship:

1. Hands-on Application: The internship provided me with the opportunity to apply

theoretical knowledge gained in the classroom to real-world projects. Working on
actual embedded systems projects allowed me to understand the complexities
involved in designing, developing, and debugging embedded systems solutions.
2. Collaborative Environment: At WIT, I had the chance to collaborate with fellow
interns and experienced professionals from industry partners. This collaborative
environment fostered teamwork, communication skills, and the ability to work
effectively in interdisciplinary teams—a crucial aspect of success in the engineering
field.
3. Problem-Solving Skills: Engaging in hands-on projects during the internship honed
my problem-solving abilities. I encountered various challenges and technical issues
throughout the internship, which required critical thinking and innovative solutions.
Learning to troubleshoot and debug embedded systems taught me resilience and
resourcefulness in overcoming obstacles.
4. Industry Exposure: The internship provided me with valuable insights into the
industry landscape, including current trends, technologies, and best practices in
embedded systems engineering. Interacting with professionals from industry
partners allowed me to gain a deeper understanding of the industry's expectations
and requirements, guiding my career aspirations and goals.
5. Professional Development: Beyond technical skills, the internship experience at
WIT emphasized the importance of professionalism, time
management, and project management. Meeting project deadlines, communicating
effectively with supervisors and team members, and presenting my work helped me
develop essential soft skills essential for a successful engineering career.

pg. 20
 Chapter 6: Challenges and Solutions:

During the internship in Embedded Systems and IoT Applications at [Name of

Company/Organization], several challenges were encountered. Addressing these
challenges provided valuable learning experiences and enhanced my problem-solving
skills. The key challenges and their corresponding solutions are detailed below:
1. Hardware Integration Issues
Challenge: Integrating various hardware components, such as sensors,
microcontrollers, and communication modules, was complex. Incompatibilities and
communication errors between components frequently occurred, leading to system
instability.
Solution: To address hardware integration issues, I conducted thorough research on the
specifications and communication protocols of each component. I created detailed
wiring diagrams and used logic analyzers to debug communication signals.
Collaborating closely with hardware engineers, we systematically tested each interface
and resolved incompatibility issues by using appropriate level shifters and
communication adapters.

2. Firmware Development Difficulties

Challenge: Developing reliable firmware for embedded systems required a deep
understanding of the microcontroller architecture and real-time operating systems
(RTOS). Timing issues and memory management errors were common obstacles.
Solution: I addressed these difficulties by studying the microcontroller's datasheet and
reference manual in detail. I followed best practices for firmware development, such as
modular coding, and utilized debugging tools like JTAG and SWD for real-time
debugging. Implementing an RTOS helped manage timing and task scheduling more
effectively, and using static analysis tools aided in identifying memory leaks and buffer
overflows.
pg. 21
3. Network Connectivity Problems
Challenge: Establishing and maintaining stable network connections for IoT devices
was challenging, especially in environments with variable signal strength or
interference. This affected data transmission reliability.
Solution: To mitigate connectivity problems, I explored different communication
protocols and selected the most suitable one based on the application requirements (e.g.,
MQTT for reliable message delivery). Implementing network redundancy and fallback
mechanisms ensured continuous operation. Additionally, optimizing antenna placement
and using signal amplifiers improved connectivity.

4. Data Security and Privacy Concerns

Challenge: Ensuring data security and privacy in IoT applications was crucial, given
the sensitivity of the data being transmitted and stored. Protecting against unauthorized
access and data breaches was a significant concern.
Solution: I implemented robust security measures, including encryption for data
transmission and storage. Using secure communication protocols (e.g., HTTPS, TLS)
and implementing authentication and authorization mechanisms ensured only
authorized devices and users could access the system. Regular security audits and
vulnerability assessments were conducted to identify and mitigate potential threats.

By overcoming these challenges, I gained a deeper understanding of the complexities

involved in developing embedded systems and IoT applications and acquired practical
solutions to address real-world problems effectively.

pg. 22
 Chapter 7. Conclusion and Self-Evaluation:
Conclusion:
• The internship at Walchand Institute of Technology (WIT) was
instrumental in providing practical insights into embedded systems
engineering.
• Hands-on projects and industry exposure deepened my understanding
of real-world applications and industry practices.
• Collaboration with diverse teams enhanced communication skills and
fostered a culture of innovation and problem-solving.
• The internship experience prepared me for the demands of the
engineering profession and laid a strong foundation for future career
growth.

Self-Evaluation:

• Demonstrated resilience and adaptability in tackling technical

challenges and overcoming obstacles.
• Proactively sought guidance from mentors and utilized resources to
enhance learning and problem-solving.
• Effective collaboration with interdisciplinary teams facilitated
knowledge sharing and project success.
• Recognize the importance of continuous improvement in time
management and prioritization for optimal outcomes.
• Overall, the internship experience was enriching and contributed
significantly to personal and professional development in embedded
systems engineering.

pg. 23
Bibliography:
• Renu Electronics:- Home · Renu Electronics
• RMTAG Solutions:- RMTAG Solutions
• Intelux Electronics:- Intelux Electronics Pvt. Ltd. (inteluxindia.com)

pg. 24
Name of Student : Tejas Suraj Fattewale
Class : Final Year B.Tech.(E&TC) Roll No.: 65 Year : 2023-24
Duration of Training : 22nd Jan to 15th April 2024
Company Name Walchand Institute of Technology , Solapur
Address: 634,Walchand Hirachand Marg Ashok chowk
Solapur, Maharashtra

Pin Code: 413006

Ph. no.
-
Mobile no. 0217-2652700
Fax no.
Email id. [email protected]
Website address www.witsolapur.org
Company Sector
(IT/ Machinery & Equipment/
Power/ Communication/ Institution
Automobiles/Electrical and
Equipments/ Engineering, etc.)
Incorporation Status
(Govt body/ Semi-govt. body/ Pvt Ltd.
Public / Pvt Ltd.)
Contact Person S.P. Swami
Contact no. 8149272261

Email id:

pg. 25