November 6, 2019

November 6, 2019
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November 6, 2019
 D1 Chapter 5 exercises

1. This question should be answered on the sheet provided in the answer booklet.

D(6)
2 4
A(5)

J (7)
1
C(4) E(5) G(2) I (5)

B(8)
3 5 6 7
F(3) H(4) K(6)

Fig. 2

Figure 2 shows the activity network used to model a small building project. The activities are
represented by the edges and the number in brackets on each edge represents the time, in hours, taken
to complete that activity.

(a) Calculate the early time and the late time for each event. Write your answers in the boxes on the
answer sheet. (6 marks)

(b) Hence determine the critical activities and the length of the critical path.
(2 marks)

Each activity requires one worker. The project is to be completed in the minimum time.

(c) Schedule the activities for the minimum number of workers using the time line on the answer sheet.
Ensure that you make clear the order in which each worker undertakes his activities.
(5 marks)
[January 2001, 5]
2. The precedence table for activities involved in a small project is shown below

Activity Preceding Activities

A
B
C
D B
E A
F A
G B
H C, D
I E
J E
K F, G, I
L H, J, K

Draw an activity network, using activity on edge and without using dummies, to model this project.
(5)
[June 2001, 1]
3. Figure 3

A project is modelled by the activity network shown in Fig 3. The activities are represented by the
edges. The number in brackets on each edge gives the time, in days, taken to complete the activity.

(a) Calculate the early time and the late time for each event. Write these in the boxes on the answer
sheet.
(4)
(b) Hence determine the critical activities and the length of the critical path.
(2)
(c) Obtain the total float for each of the non-critical activities.
(3)
(d) On the first grid on the answer sheet, draw a cascade (Gantt) chart showing the information obtained
in parts (b) and (c).
(4)
Each activity requires one worker. Only two workers are available.

(e) On the second grid on the answer sheet, draw up a schedule and find the minimum time in which
the 2 workers can complete the project.
(4)
[January 2002, 7]
3. (a)

(b) Critical activities

Length of critical path

(c) Total floats

(d)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30

(e)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Minimum time
4. Figure 4

A building project is modelled by the activity network shown in Fig. 4. The activities are represented
by the arcs. The number in brackets on each arc gives the time, in hours, taken to complete the activity.
The left box entry at each vertex is the earliest event time and the right box entry is the latest event
time.

(a) Determine the critical activities and state the length of the critical path.
(2)
(b) State the total float for each non-critical activity.
(3)
(c) On the grid in the answer booklet, draw a cascade (Gantt) chart for the project.
(4)
Given that each activity requires one worker,

(d) draw up a schedule to determine the minimum number of workers required to complete the project
in the critical time. State the minimum number of workers.
(3)
[May 2002, 6]
4. (a) Critical activities

Length of critical path

(b) Total floats of remaining non-critical activities

(c)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

(d)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Minimum number of workers

5. The precedence table for activities involved in manufacturing a toy is shown below.

Activity Preceding activity

A
B
C
D A
E A
F B
G B
H C, D, E, F
I E
J E
K I
L I
M G, H, K

(a) Draw an activity network, using activity on arc, and exactly one dummy, to model the
manufacturing process.
(5)
(b) Explain briefly why it is necessary to use a dummy in this case.
(1)
[November 2002, 2]
6. Figure 3

A project is modelled by the activity network in Fig. 3. The activities are represented by the arcs. One
worker is required for each activity. The number in brackets on each arc gives the time, in hours, to
complete the activity. The earliest event time and the latest event time are given by the numbers in the
left box and right box respectively.

(a) State the value of x and the value of y.

(2)
(b) List the critical activities.
(2)
(c) Explain why at least 3 workers will be needed to complete this project in 38 hours.
(2)
(d) Schedule the activities so that the project is completed in 38 hours using just 3 workers. You must
make clear the start time and finish time of each activity.

(4)
[January 2003, 5]
6.
7. Figure 3

C(23) F(10)
K(19)
A(12) J(6)
H(18) L(13)

D(14) G(15) I(20)

B(17) M(27)

E(32)

The network in Fig. 3 shows the activities involved in the process of producing a perfume. The
activities are represented by the arcs. The number in brackets on each arc gives the time, in hours,
taken to complete the activity.

(a) Calculate the early time and the late time for each event, showing them on Diagram 1 in the answer
booklet.
(4)
(b) Hence determine the critical activities.
(2)
(c) Calculate the total float time for D.
(2)
Each activity requires only one person.

(d) Find a lower bound for the number of workers needed to complete the process in the minimum
time.
(2)

Given that there are only three workers available, and that workers may not share an activity,

(e) schedule the activities so that the process is completed in the shortest time. Use the time line in
the answer booklet. State the new shortest time.
(5)
[June 2003, 5]
7. (a) Diagram 1 Key
Early
C(23) F(10) time

K(19) Late

time
A(12) J(6)

H(18) L(13)

I(20)
D(14) G(15)
B(17) M(27)

E(32)

(b)

(c)

(d)

..

(e)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
8. (a) Draw an activity network described in this precedence table, using as few dummies as possible.

Activity Must be preceded by:

A
B A
C A
D A
E C
F C
G B, D, E, F
H B, D, E, F
I F, D
J G, H, I
K F, D
L K

(a) A different project is represented by the activity network shown in Fig. 3. The duration of each
activity is shown in brackets.

Figure 3

E (2)
B (6)
A (4) G (2)

D (x)

C (5) F (4)

Find the range of values of x that will make D a critical activity.

(2)
[November 2003, 4]
9. Figure 4

E(8)
5 5 13 13

L(9)
A(4) D(2) I(4)

B(3) F(2) K(7) N(3)

0 x 3 3 y z 14 19 22 22

G(2) J(2)
C(5)
M(3)

5 7 9 16
H(3)

A trainee at a building company is using critical path analysis to help plan a project. Figure 4 shows
number in brackets on
each arc is the duration of the activity, in hours.

(a) Find the values of x, y and z.

(3)
(b) State the total length of the project and list the critical activities.
(2)
(c) Calculate the total float time on

(i) activity N,

(ii) activity H.
(3)

in the diagram. The project should be represented by the following precedence table.
 Activity Must be preceded by: Duration
A 4
B 3
C 5
D B 2
E A, D 8
F B 2
G C 2
H C 3
I F, G 4
J F, G 2
K F, G 7
L E, I 9
M H, J 3
N E, I, K, M 3
P E, I 6
Q H, J 5
R Q 7

(d) By adding activities and dummies amend the diagram in the answer book so that it represents the
precedence table. (The durations of activities A, B, ..., N are all correctly given on the diagram in
the answer book.)
(4)
(e) Find the total time needed to complete this project.
(2)
[January 2004, 8]
9. (a) x =
.....................................................................................................................................................
y=
.....................................................................................................................................................
z=

.....................................................................................................................................................

(b) Total time =

......................................................................................................................................
Critical activities:

..............................................................................................................................

(c)
.........................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................

Total float on activity N =

...........................................................................................................................
Total float on activity H =
...........................................................................................................................
 (d)
E(8)

L(9)
A(4) D(2) I(4)

B(3) F(2) K(7) N(3)

G(2) J(2)
C(5)
M(3)

H(3)

(e)
............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................

........

Total project time =

.....................................................................................................................................
10. Figure 5

G(5)
4 8
K(7)
A(9)
9
C(8)
H(5)
1 2 5 7
L(8)
B(3) D(7)
I(1) J(5)
E(4)
3 6
F(5)

A project is modelled by the activity network shown in Fig. 5. The activities are represented by the
arcs. The number in brackets on each arc gives the time, in hours, to complete the activity. The numbers
in circles give the event numbers. Each activity requires one worker.

(a) Explain the purpose of the dotted line from event 4 to event 5.
(1)
(b) Calculate the early time and the late time for each event. Write these in the boxes in the answer
book.
(4)
(c) Determine the critical activities.
(1)
(d) Obtain the total float for each of the non-critical activities.
(3)
(e) On the grid in the answer book, draw a cascade (Gantt) chart, showing the answers to parts (c) and
(d).
(4)
(f) Determine the minimum number of workers needed to complete the project in the minimum time.
Make your reasoning clear.
(2)
[June 2004, 7]
10. (a)

(b)
G(5)
K(7)

A(9)
C(8)

H(5)
L(8)

B(3) D(7)

J(5)
E(4) KEY
I(1)
Early event

time
F(5)
Late event

time
(c)

(d)
 11. Figure 5

The network in Figure 5 shows activities that need to be undertaken in order to complete a project.
Each activity is represented by an arc. The number in brackets is the duration of the activity in hours.
The early and late event times are shown at each node. The project can be completed in 24 hours.

(a) Find the values of x, y and z.

(3)
(b) Explain the use of the dummy activity in Figure 5.
(1)
(c) List the critical activities.
(2)
(d) Explain what effect a delay of one hour to activity B would have on the time taken to complete
the whole project.
(2)
 The company which is to undertake this project has only two full time workers available. The
project must be completed in 24 hours and in order to achieve this, the company is prepared to
hire additional workers at a cost of £28 per hour. The company wishes to minimise the money
spent on additional workers. Any worker can undertake any task and each task requires only one
worker.

(e) Explain why the company will have to hire additional workers in order to complete the project in
24 hours.
(2)
(f) Schedule the tasks to workers so that the project is completed in 24 hours and at minimum cost to
the company.
(5)
(g) State the minimum extra cost to the company.
(2)

(Total 17 marks)
[November 2004, 8]
11. (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)
(f)

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

(g)

(Total 17 marks)
12. The precedence table for activities involved in producing a computer game is shown below.

Activity Must be preceded by

A
B
C B
D A, C
E A
F E
G E
H G
I D, F
J G, I
K G, I
L H, K

An activity on arc network is to be drawn to model this production process.

(a) Explain why it is necessary to use at least two dummies when drawing the activity network.
(2)
(b) Draw the activity network using exactly two dummies.
(5)
[January 2005, 2]
13. The precedence table shows the activities involved in a project.

Activity Immediately preceding activities

A
B
C
D A
E A
F B
G B
H C, D
I E
J F, H
K G, J
L G
M L
N L

(a) Draw the activity network for this project, using activity on arc and using two dummies.
(4)
(b) Explain why each of the two dummies is necessary.
(3)
(Total 7 marks)
[June 2005, 4]
14. Figure 5

C(10) I(7)

M(5)
A(4) F(15)
D(5)
J(8)

G(2) K(9)
E(3) N(4)
B(6)

L(5)
H(8)

The network in Figure 5 shows the activities involved in a process. The activities are represented by
the arcs. The number in brackets on each arc gives the time, in days, taken to complete the activity.

(a) Calculate the early time and late time for each event, showing them on the diagram in the answer
book.
(4)
(b) Determine the critical activities and the length of the critical path.
(2)
(c) On the grid in the answer book, draw a cascade (Gantt) chart for the process.
(4)

Each activity requires only one worker, and workers may not share an activity.

(d) Use your cascade chart to determine the minimum numbers of workers required to complete the
process in the minimum time. Explain your reasoning clearly.
(2)
(e) Schedule the activities, using the number of workers you found in part (d), so that the process is
completed in the shortest time.
(3)
[January 2006, 5]
 C(10)
14. (a) I(7)

M(5)
A(4) F(15)

D(5)
J(8)

G(2)
K(9)
E(3) N(4)

B(6)
KEY

Early Event
L(5) time

H(8) Late

Event time

(b)

Length of critical path

(c)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

(d)

(e)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
15. Figure 4

I(16)
5 7
2 G(8)
A(10) C(11) M(9)
J(10)
1 4
D(5) H(12) K(21) 9

B(14) E(15)
6
3
L(6) N(12)

F(20)
8

An engineering project is modelled by the activity network shown in Figure 4. The activities are
represented by the arcs. The number in brackets on each arc gives the time, in days, to complete the
activity. Each activity requires one worker. The project is to be completed in the shortest time.

(a) Calculate the early time and late time for each event. Write these in boxes in Diagram 1 in the
answer book.
(4)
(b) State the critical activities.
(1)
(c) Find the total float on activities D and F. You must show your working.
(3)
(d) On the grid in the answer book, draw a cascade (Gantt) chart for this project.
(4)

The chief engineer visits the project on day 15 and day 25 to check the progress of the work. Given
that the project is on schedule,

(e) which activities must be happening on each of these two days?

(3)
[May 2006, 5]