DATE:23/02/2024

Work Sheet-4
Circular Folding, Circular Shifting, and Circular Convolution

AIM:-
To realise the following operations in MATLAB
1. Circular Folding
2. Circular Shifting
3. Circular Convolution

QUESTIONS :-
1. Consider the signal 𝑥[𝑛] = 10(0.8) ^𝑛 defined in the
interval 0 ≤ n ≤ 10.
(a) Write a MATLAB function called cfold_ROLLNO to
implement the circular folding operation (Hint: Take x[n], n
and N as inputs).
(b) Using the function defined in part (a), determine and
plot x [((−n))11]

CODE:
clc;
clear;
close;
n=0:10;
x=10*(0.8).^(n);
CIRCULAR FOLDING FUNCTION N=length(n);
a=cfold_ECE22173(x,n,N);
function y=cfold_ECE22173(x,n,N)
for i =1:N stem(n,a);
y(i)=x(mod(-n(i),N)+1); xlabel('n_ ECE22173');
end ylabel('a_ ECE22173');
title('Circular Folding of x[n]_ ECE22173');
 %% 1 b)
clc;
clear;
close;
n=0:10;
x=10*(0.8).^(-n);
N=length(n);
a=cfold_ECE22173(x,n,N);

stem(n,a);
xlabel('n_ ECE22173');
ylabel('a_ ECE22173');
title('Circular Folding of x[-n]_ ECE22173');

2. For the signal 𝑥[𝑛] = 10(0.8) 𝑛 defined in the interval 0 ≤ n

≤ 10,
(a) Write a MATLAB function called cshift_ROLLNO to
implement circular shifting operation 𝑥[(𝑛 − 𝑛0)𝑁] (Hint:
Take x[n], n, 𝑛0 and N as inputs)
(b) Using the function defined in part (a), Sketch x[((n +
4))11], that is, a circular shift by 4 samples toward the left.
(c) Sketch x[((n − 3))15], that is, a circular shift by 3 samples
toward the right, where x[n] is assumed to be a 15-point
sequence given by 𝑥[𝑛] = { 10(0.8) 𝑛 0 ≤ 𝑛 ≤ 10
{ {0 11 ≤ 𝑛 ≤ 14.
(d) Sketch x[((n − 6))15], that is, a circular shift by 3 samples
toward the right, where x[n] is assumed to be a 15-point
sequence defined in part (c).

CODE:-

%% 2a),b)
clc;
clear;
close;
n=0:10;
CIRCULAR SHIFT FUNCTION:- n0=-4;
x=10*(0.8).^(n);
function y=cshift_ECE22173(x,n,n0) a=cshift_ECE22173(x,n,n0);
N=length(n); stem(n,a);
for i =1:N xlabel('n_ ECE22173');
y(i)=x(mod(n(i)-n0,N)+1); ylabel('a_ ECE22173');
end title('Circular Shifting of x[-n]_ ECE22173');
 %% 2c)
clc;
clear;
close;
n=0:15;
n0=+3;
x=(10*(0.8).^(n)).*(n>=0 & n<=10)+ 0.*(n>=11 &n<=15);
a=cshift_ECE22173(x,n,n0);
stem(n,a);
xlabel('n_ ECE22173');
ylabel('a_ ECE22173');
title('Circular Shifting of x[n-3]_ ECE22173');

%% 2d)
clc;
clear;
close;
n=0:15;
n0=+6;
x=(10*(0.8).^(n)).*(n>=0 & n<=10)+ 0.*(n>=11 &n<=15);
a=cshift_ECE22173(x,n,n0);
stem(n,a);
xlabel('n_ ECE22173');
ylabel('a_ ECE22173');
title('Circular Shifting of x[n-6]_ ECE22173');

3. There are two ways to write a function for circular

CIRCULAR CONVOLUTION FUNCTION convolution:
(a). In the transform domain (The frequency-domain
function y= implementation uses the fact that the circular convolution
cconv_time_freq_ECE22173(x,h,N,ind)
X=fft(x,N);
of x[n] and h[n] is equivalent to the multiplication of their
H=fft(h,N); DFTs, i.e., Y [k] = X[k].H[k] and take the inverse DFT of Y [k]).
if ind ==1 (b). In the time domain (Using the inbuilt function cconv in
z=X.*H; MATLAB).
y=ifft(z,N);
else
Develop a MATLAB function, called
z=cconv(x,h,N); cconv_time_freq_ROLLNO that implements both methods.
y=ifft(z,N); The MATLAB function will require four inputs: the signal
end vectors x[n] and h[n], the length of the circular convolution
N, and a variable ind that indicates which method to use.
The function returns a single output y[n]. Consider x[n] = {1,
2, 2,0} and h[n] = {1, 2, 3, 4}. Using the function
cconv_time_freq_ROLLNO compute the circular convolution
of x[n] and h[n] by both approaches and verify your results.
CODE:-

%% 3
clc;
clear;
close;
n=0:3;
x=[1,2,2,0];
h=[1,2,3,4];
ind=1;
a=cconv_time_freq_ECE22173(x,h,4,ind);
b=cconv(x,h,length(x));
stem(n,a);
xlabel('n_ ECE22173');
ylabel('a_ ECE22173');
title('Circular Convolution using function
ECE22173');
figure;
stem(n,b);
xlabel('n_ ECE22173');
ylabel('b_ ECE22173');
title('Circular Convolution using cconv ECE22173');
INPUT:-
>>Enter length of block: 4 DATE:30/03/2024

Work Sheet-5
Linear Filtering using Overlap add and Overlap save methods

OUTPUT:- AIM: To perform block convolution on the given sequence

by using overlap add/ save method in MATLAB.
ECE22173 x[n] is:
1 2 -1 2 3 -2
-3 -1 1 1 2 -1 QUESTION:-

ECE22173 h[n] is: 1. Compute the block convolution using overlap add
1 2 3 -1
method for the input sequence x[n] = [1 2 -1 2 3 -2 -3 -1 1 1
output y[n] is: 2 -1] and the impulse response h[n] = [ 1 2 3 -1]. Assume
1.0000 4.0000 6.0000 input signal block size to be 4. Compare the obtained result
5.0000 2.0000 11.0000 0.0000 with that obtained from the inbuilt function conv.
-16.0000 -8.0000 3.0000 8.0000
5.0000 3.0000 -5.0000 1.0000
CODE:-

x_n = [1,2,-1,2,3,-2,-3,-1,1,1,2,-1];
h_n = [1,2,3,-1];
L = input("Enter length of block: ");
M = length(h_n);
B = round(length(x_n)/L);
h1 = [h_n, zeros(1, L-1)];
x_i = zeros(B, L+M-1);
y_i = zeros(B,L+M-1);
for i=1:B
x_i(i,:) = [x_n((i-1)*L+1:i*L), zeros(1,M-1)];
y_i(i,:) = cconv(x_i(i,:), h1,L+M-1);
end
y_n = [];
for i=1:B
if(i==1)
y_n = [y_n,y_i(i,1:L), y_i(i,L+1:L+M-
1)+y_i(i+1,1:M-1)];
elseif(i==B)
y_n = [y_n,y_i(i,M:L+M-1)];
else
y_n = [y_n,y_i(i,M:L), y_i(i,L+1:L+M-
1)+y_i(i+1,1:M-1)];
end
end
disp('ECE22173 x[n] is:');
disp(x_n);
disp('ECE22173 h[n] is:');
disp(h_n);
disp('output y[n] is:')
disp(y_n);
 2. Perform block convolution for the sequences given in
INPUT:- Qn.1 using overlap save method with same input signal
>>Enter lenght of block: 4
block size and verify the result

CODE:-
OUTPUT:-
x_n = [1,2,-1,2,3,-2,-3,-1,1,1,2,-1];
ECE22173 x[n] is: h_n = [1,2,3,-1];
1 2 -1 2 3 -2 L = input("Enter length of block");
-3 -1 1 1 2 -1 M = length(h_n);
B = round(length(x_n)/L)+1;
ECE22173 h[n] is: h1 = [h_n, zeros(1,L-1)];
1 2 3 -1 x_1 = zeros(B,L+M-1);
y_1 = zeros(B, L+M-1);
output y[n] is: for i=1:B
Columns 1 through 15 if(i==1)
x_i(i,:) = [zeros(1, M-1), x_n(1:L)];
1.0000 4.0000 6.0000 elseif(i==B)
5.0000 2.0000 11.0000 -0.0000 x_i(i,:) = [x_i(i-1,L+1:L+M-1), zeros(1,L)];
-16.0000 -8.0000 3.0000 8.0000 else
5.0000 3.0000 -5.0000 1.0000 x_i(i,:) = [x_i(i-1,L+1:L+M-1),x_n((i-
1)*L+1:i*L)];
end
y_i(i,:) = cconv(x_i(i,:), h1, L+M-1);
end
y_n = [];
for i=1:B
y_n = [y_n,y_i(i,M:L+M-1)];
end
disp('ECE22173 x[n] is:');
disp(x_n);
disp('ECE22173 h[n] is:');
disp(h_n);
disp('output y[n] is:');
disp(y_n);