Unit 1A RETEST YEAR 12

Q1.
The diagram represents a triglyceride.

(a) Name the molecules represented in the diagram by:

Box P _____________________________________________________________

Box Q _____________________________________________________________
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(b) Name the type of bond between P and Q in the diagram.

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(c) Describe how you would test a liquid sample for the presence of lipid and how you would
recognise a positive result.

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(Total 5 marks)

Q2.
(a) Describe how you would test a piece of food for the presence of lipid.

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The figure below shows a phospholipid.

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 X Y

(b) The part of the phospholipid labelled A is formed from a particular molecule. Name this
molecule.

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(c) Name the type of bond between A and fatty acid X.

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(d) Which of the fatty acids, X or Y, in the figure above is unsaturated? Explain your answer.

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Scientists investigated the percentages of different types of lipid in plasma membranes from
different types of cell. The table shows some of their results.

Type of lipid Percentage of lipid in plasma membrane by mass

Cell lining ileum of Red blood cell of The bacterium

mammal mammal Escherichia coli

Cholesterol 17 23 0

Glycolipid 7 3 0

Phospholipid 54 60 70

Others 22 14 30

(e) The scientists expressed their results as Percentage of lipid in plasma membrane by
mass. Explain how they would find these values.

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Cholesterol increases the stability of plasma membranes. Cholesterol does this by making
membranes less flexible.

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 (f) Suggest one advantage of the different percentage of cholesterol in red blood cells
compared with cells lining the ileum.

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(g) E. coli has no cholesterol in its cell-surface membrane. Despite this, the cell maintains a
constant shape. Explain why.

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(Total 10 marks)

Q3.
Starch and cellulose are two important plant polysaccharides.

The following diagram shows part of a starch molecule and part of a cellulose molecule.

(a) Explain the difference in the structure of the starch molecule and the cellulose molecule
shown in the diagram above.

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(b) Starch molecules and cellulose molecules have different functions in plant cells. Each
molecule is adapted for its function.

Explain one way in which starch molecules are adapted for their function in plant cells.

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(c) Explain how cellulose molecules are adapted for their function in plant cells.

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(Total 7 marks)

Q4.
(a) Explain how the active site of an enzyme causes a high rate of reaction.

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The action of the enzyme catalase is shown below.

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A student investigated the effect of hydrogen peroxide concentration on the rate of this reaction.
He used catalase from potato tissue.

The student:
• put five potato chips in a flask
• added 20 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm–3 hydrogen peroxide solution to the flask
• measured the time in seconds for production of 10 cm3 of oxygen gas
• repeated this procedure with four different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide
solution.

His results are shown in the table.

Time for production

Hydrogen peroxide Rate of reaction /
of 10 cm3 of oxygen
concentration / mol dm–3 arbitrary units
gas / seconds

0.5 18

1.0 10

1.5 7

2.0 6

2.5 6

(b) Other than those stated, give one factor the student would have controlled in his
investigation.

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(c) The student gave the maximum rate of reaction a value of 1.0 arbitrary units.

Complete the table above by calculating the rate of reaction in arbitrary units at each
hydrogen peroxide concentration. Record the rates using an appropriate number of
significant figures.
(2)

(d) Plot a suitable graph of your processed data shown in the table.

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(e) Suggest a change the student could make to his procedure so that 10 cm3 of oxygen
would be produced in less than 6 seconds.

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(Total 10 marks)

Q5.
(a) Describe how a peptide bond is formed between two amino acids to form a dipeptide.

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(b) The secondary structure of a polypeptide is produced by bonds between amino acids.

Describe how.

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(c) Two proteins have the same number and type of amino acids but different tertiary
structures.

Explain why.

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 (2)

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