Physics Investigatory Project
Physics Investigatory Project
V.V. NAGAR
CERTIFICATE
By – Ankit Sharma
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVE / AIM
APPARATUS / MATERIAL REQUIRED
DIAGRAM
THEORY
PROCEDURE
OBSERVATIONS
CALCULATIONS
RESULTS
PRECAUTIONS
SOURCES OF ERRORS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION
In optics, the refractive index or index of refraction n of a material is
a dimensionless number that describes how light propagates through that
medium. It is defined as
C
n=
V
Where c is the speed of light in vacuum and v is the phase velocity of light in the
medium. For example, the refractive index of water is 1.333; meaning that light
travels 1.333 times faster in a vacuum than it does in water.
APPARATUS
Convex Lens
Plane Mirror
Water
Oil
Clamp Stand
An Optical Needle
Plumb Line
Knitting Needle
Half Meter Scale
Glass Slab
Spherometer
DIAGRAM
THEORY
1 1+ 1 Ff2
F =f 1 f 2 or f2 = f −F 1
1 1 1
=( n−1 ) ⌊ − ⌋
f2 R 1 R2
1 1
=( n−1 ) ⌊ R 1 − ∞ ⌋
1
= (n-1)⌊ R −0 ⌋
1
f2 = n−1
R
R
n =f 2
+1
PROCEDURE
(a) For focal length of convex lens:
l 1+l 2 +l 3
l= 3
OBSERVATIONS
Pitch of the spherometer= 1 cm
(1) AB = 3 cm
(2) BC = 3 cm
(3) CA = 3 cm
CALCULATIONS
1) With water between the convex lens and the plane mirror:
R 2.8861
μ1=1+ =1+ =1.0831
f2 34.7
2) With oil between the convex lens and the plane Mirror
R 2.8861
μ2=1+ =1+ =1.2886
f3 10
Results
The refractive index of water is µ1 = 1.0831
SOURCES OF ERROR
BIBLIOGRAPHY