MATRICES

MCQ

1 0 0 
 
1. If A =  0 1 0  , then A 2 is equal to
 a b −1 
 
a. a null matrix b. a unit matrix c. − A d. A

2. If A and B are two matrices such that AB = A and BA = B , then B 2 is equal to

a. A b. B c. I d. O

3. If A and B are two matrices such that AB = A and BA = B , then A 2 + B 2 is equal to

a. 2 AB b. 2 BA c. A + B d. AB

2 2 
k

 cos 7 − sin 
7  1 0
4. If   =  , then the least positive integral value of k is
 sin 2 2   0 1 
 cos 
 7 7 
a. 3 b. 4 c. 6 d. 7

a 0 0
 
5. If A =  0 a 0  , then A n is equal to
0 0 a
 
 an 0 0  an 0 0  an 0 0  na 0 0 
       
a.  0 an 0 b.  0 a 0 c.  0 an 0 d.  0 na 0 
 0 a   0 0 a   0 a n   0 0 na 
 0   0 

1 a
6. If A =   , then A ( n ) equals
n

 0 1 
 1 na   1 n2 a   1 na   n na 
a.   b.   c.   d.  
0 1  0 1  0 0  0 n 

1 2 x  1 −2 y 
   
7. If A =  0 1 0  and B =  0 1 0  and AB = I 3 , then x + y equals
0 0 1 0 0 1
   
a. 0 b. – 1 c. 2 d. none of these
  
8. If A =   is such that A = I , then
2

  − 
a. 1 +  2 +  = 0 b. 1 −  2 +  = 0 c. 1 −  2 −  = 0 d. 1 +  2 −  = 0

9. If A is a square matrix such that A2 = A , then ( I + A) − 7 A is equal to

3

a. A b. I − A c. I d. 3 A

10. If a matrix is both symmetric and skew-symmetric, then A is a

a. diagonal matrix b. zero matrix c. scalar matrix d. square matrix

11. If A is a square matrix, then AA is a

a. skew-symmetric matrix b. symmetric matrix c. diagonal matrix d. none of these

12. If A and B are symmetric matrices, then ABA is

a. symmetric matrix b. skew-symmetric matrix c. diagonal matrix d. scalar matrix

13. If A is a 3  4 matrix and B is a matrix such that AT B and bT A are both defined and are of same
order. Then order of B is
a. 3  4 b. 3  3 c. 4  4 d. 4  3

 cos  − sin  
14. If A =   , then A + A = I 2 , if
T

 sin  cos  
 
a.  = n , n  b.  = ( 2n + 1) , n c.  = 2n + , n d. none of these
2 3

15. The number of all possible matrices of order 3  3 with each entry 0 or 1 or – 1 is
3 6 4 9
a. 3 b. 3 c. 3 d. 3

 ex e y   1 1
16. If  y
e =  , then xy =
e e x   1 1
a. – 1 b. 0 c. 1 d. 2
  1 2
17. If A =   and A − kA − I2 = O , then the value of k is
2

 2 3
a. 4 b. – 4 c. 8 d. – 8
 1 1
18. If A =  100
 , then A equals
 1 1
a. 2100 A b. 299 A c. 2101 A d. 2200 A

1 b 5 
 
19. If  0 5 8  is a symmetric matrix, then b is equal to
 5 8 −6 
 
a. 1 b. any real number c. 0 d. 5

20. If A and B are two matrices of the order 3  m and 3  n respectively. If m = n , then the order of

( 5 A − 2B ) is

a. m  3 b. 3  3 c. m  n d. 3  n

1, if i = j
21. If matrix A =  a ij  2 2 where a ij =  , then A2 =
0 , if i  j
a. I b. A c. O d. None of these

22. For any 2  2 matrix P, which of the following matrices can be Q such that PQ = QP?
 1 0
a. 1 b.  
 0 1
 1 1
c.   d. No such matrix exists as matrix multiplication is not commutative
 1 1
 2i + 3 j , for i  j

23. A matrix A =  aij  is defined by aij =  5, for i = j . The number of elements in A which are
3 3
 3i − 2 j , for i  j

more than 5 is
a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6

 0 1
24. If A =   , then A
2023
is equal to
 0 0
  0 1  0 2023   0 0  2023 0 
a.   b.   c.   d.  
 0 0 0 0   0 0  0 2023 

25. The number of elements below the diagonal of a square matrix of order n is
n ( n + 1) n ( n − 1) ( n − 1)( n − 2 ) ( n + 1)( n + 2 )
a. b. c. d.
2 2 2 2

26. If A is a matrix of order m  n and B is a matrix such that ABT and BT A both are defined, then the
order of matrix B is
a. m  m b. n  n c. m  n d. n  m

27. An n  n matrix is formed using 0, 1 and – 1 as its elements. The number of such matrices which are
skew-symmetric, is
n ( n − 1) n ( n− 1) n( n−1)

b. ( n − 1)
2
2 2
a. c. 2 d. 3
2
  0  1 0
28. If A =   and B =   , then the value of  for which A = B , is
2

 1 1   5 1 
a. 1 b. – 1 c. 4 d. no real values

 −1 1 
29. Consider the following statements in respect of matrix A =  :
 1 −1 
S1 : A2 = − A
S 2 : A3 = 4 A
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
a. S1 only b. S 2 only c. both S1 and S 2 d. neither S1 nor S 2

30. If A =  aij  is a square matrix of even order such that aij = i 3 − j 3 , then

a. A is a skew symmetric matrix and A = 0 b. A is a symmetric matrix and A is square

c. A is a symmetric matrix and A = 0 d. none of these

Answer Key:
1. b 2. b 3. c 4. d 5. c 6. a 7. a 8. c 9. c 10. b
11. d 12. a 13. a 14. c 15. d 16. c 17. a 18. b 19. c 20. d
21. a 22. b 23. b 24. c 25. b 26. c 27. d 28. d 29. b 30. d
 ASSERTION- REASON BASED QUESTIONS
In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose
the correct answer out of the following choices.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both (A) and(R) are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false but (R) is true.

 3 −5   7 5
1. (A): If A =   and B =   , then AB = B A .
2023 2023

 4 −7   −4 3 
(R): If A and B are square matrices of same order such that AB = BA , then AB n = B n A

for all n .
 0 −3 4   1 2 3
2. 
(A): If A =  3 0 5  and B =  2 1 3  , then B T AB is a skew-symmetric matrix.

 −4 −5 0   4 6 3
   

(R): Let A and B are square matrices of same order. Then B T AB is skew-symmetric when A is
skew-symmetric.
3. (A): If A and B are symmetric matrices of same order, then AB − BA is a symmetric matrix.

(R): If A and B are square matrices of same order, then ( AB ) = B A .

T T T

4. (A): If A and B are symmetric matrices of same order, then AB is symmetric iff AB = BA .

(R): If A and B are square matrices of same order, then ( AB ) = A B .

T T T

 0 −4 3 
2020

 
5. (A):  4 0 7 is a symmetric matrix.
 −3 −7 0 
 
(R): Even positive integral powers of a skew-symmetric matrix are symmetric matrices.
6. (A): Every square matrix can be uniquely written as sum of a symmetric and a skew-symmetric
matrix.
(R): If A is a square matrix, then A + A T is symmetric and A − A T is skew symmetric.
7. (A): If A and B are square matrices of same order, then A2 − B2 = ( A + B )( A − B ) iff AB = BA .

(R): Matrix multiplication is commutative.

 1 0 0
8. (A):  0 3 0  is a diagonal matrix.
 0 0 4
 
(R): Identity matrix of order 3 is a diagonal matrix.
  1 3 4  −1 2   4 22 
9. (A): The product of two matrices  −1 2 0  and  3 4  is  7 6  .
   
 1 3 2  −1 2   6 18 
     
(R): The product of two matrices A and B is defined, if the number of columns of A is equal to the
number of rows in B.
 xy 4  4 w
10. (A): If  =  , then x = y = 2, z = −5, w = 4 .
z+5 x+ y 0 4 
(R): Two matrices are equal, if their orders are same and their corresponding elements are equal.
Answer Key: 1. a 2. a 3. d 4. c 5. a 6. a 7. c 8. b 9. a 10. A

CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS

1. Let A be a square matrix, then A is called as

(i) Idempotent if A2 = A .

(ii) Nilpotent of index k if A k = 0 , A k −1  O .

(iii) Involutory if A2 = I .

(iv) Periodic matrix with least period k, if A k +1 = A and A k  A .

Read the above information carefully and answer the following.

 0 −1 
i) The matrix   is
 −1 0 
a. Idempotent b. Involutory c. Nilpotent d. skew symmetric
ii) If A is idempotent, then I − A is
a. Idempotent b. Involutory c. Nilpotent d. periodic with least period 4
 1 −3 −4 
 
iii) The matrix A =  −1 3 4  is
 1 −3 −4 
 
a. Idempotent b. Involutory c. Nilpotent with index 2 d. AA T = I

ANSWERS
i) b ii) a iii) c
2. A firm produces three products P1, P2, and P3 requiring the mix-up of three materials M1, M2 and M3.
The per unit requirement of each product for each material is as follows:
Product Material
M1 M2 M3
P1 2 3 1
P2 4 2 5
P3 2 4 2

The per unit costs of materials M1, M2 and M3 are ₹ 50, ₹ 100 and ₹ 50 respectively. Based on the above
information answer the following:
(i) If the firm produces 100 units of each product, total requirement of material M1 is
a. 800 units b. 900 units c. 2500 units d. 1700 units
(ii) The per unit cost of production of product P1 is
a. ₹ 600 b. ₹ 650 c. ₹ 450 d. ₹ 550

(iii) The per unit cost of production of product P2 is

a. ₹ 600 b. ₹ 650 c. ₹ 450 d. ₹ 550
(iv) The cost of production of 200 units of P3 is
a. ₹ 90000 b. ₹ 130000 c. ₹ 120000 d. ₹ 110000
(v) The total cost of production if the firm produces 200 units of each product, is
a. ₹ 340000 b. ₹ 350000 c. ₹ 360000 d. ₹ 250000
ANSWERS:
(i) a (ii) c (iii) b (iv) c (v) a

3. While working with excel, we need to switch or rotate cells. You can do this by copying, pasting, and
using the transpose option. But doing that creates duplicate data. If you don’t want that, you can type a
formula instead using the TRANSPOSE function. For example, in the following picture the formula
= TRANSPOSE (A1:B4) takes the cells A1 through B4 and arranges them horizontally.
 (i) A square matrix A is expressed as sum of symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices, and then
symmetric part of A is

a.
1
2
( A + AT ) b.
1
2
( A − AT ) c. −
1
2
( A + AT ) d. none of these

(ii) A square matrix A is expressed as sum of symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices, and then
skew-symmetric part of A is

a.
1
2
( A + AT ) b.
1
2
( A − AT ) c. −
1
2
( A + AT ) d. none of these

 1 2 5
 
(iii) Symmetric part of A =  3 2 1  is
 4 5 7
 
2 5 9   2 −5 −9   0 5 9  0 −5 −9 
1  1  1  1 
a.  5 4 6  b.  −5 4 6  c.  5 0 6  d.  −5 0 6
2  2  2  2 
 9 6 14   − 9 − 6 14   9 6 0  −9 −6 0 

 1 2 5
 
(iv) Skew-symmetric part of A =  3 2 1  is
 4 5 7
 
 0 −1 1   0 1 −1   0 1 −1   0 1 1
1  1  1  1  
a.  1 0 −4  b.  −1 0 −4  c.  −1 0 4  d.  1 0 4 
2  2  2  2 
 −1 4 0   1 4 0  −1 −4 0   1 −4 0 
(v) When writing square matrix, A is as sum of symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices, is
symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices are unique?
a. yes b. no c. cannot say d. depends on A
ANSWERS:
(i) a (ii) b (iii) a (iv) a (v) a
4. To promote the usage of house toilets in villages especially for women, are organization tried to
generate awareness among the villagers through (i) house calls (ii) letters and (iii) announcements.
The cost for each mode per attempt is given below.
(i) Rs 50 (ii) Rs 20 (iii) Rs 40
The number of attempts made in the villages X, Y and Z ae given below:
(i) (ii) (iii)
X 400 300 100
Y 300 250 75
Z 500 400 150
 Also, the chance of making of toilets corresponding to one attempt of given modes is
(i) 2% (ii) 4% (iii) 20%
Let A, B, C be the cost incurred by organization in three villages respectively.
Based on the above information answer the following questions
(i) Form a matrix on the basis of the given information.
(ii) Form a matrix, related to the number of toilets expected in villagers X, Y, Z after the
promotion campaign.
(iii) What is total amount spent by the organization in all three villages X, Y and Z?
(iv) What is the total no. of toilets expected after the promotion campaign?

ANSWERS:

 50   400 300 100   2   400 300 100 

    1    
(i) A =  20  , B =  300 250 75  (ii) C =  4  , B =  300 250 75 
 40   500 400 150  100    500 400 150 
     20   
 30000   40 
   
(iii) BA =  23000  (iv) BC =  31 
 39000   56 
   

5. In a parliament election, a political party hired a public relation firm to promote its candidates in three
ways-telephone, house calls and letters. The cost per contact (in paise) is given in matrix A is
140  Telephone
A =  200 Hou se c all
150  Letters

The numbers of contacts of each type made in two cities X and Y is given in matrix B as
Telephone House call Letters
1000 500 5000  city X
B=
3000 1000 10000  cityY

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

(i) Write the matrix for finding the total amount spent by party for doing campaign.
(ii) What is order of the resultant matrix.
(iii) What is the total amount spent by the party in the two cities.
ANSWERS:
140 
1000 5000  
200 
500
(i)    (ii) 2  1 (iii) ₹ 31100
3000 1000 10000 
150 

6. Two classes, class XI and XII are raising funds for charity. They sold burger and maggi during a
funfair. The details of the business on the funfair is given below.

Burger Maggi
Class XI 27 14
Class XII 32 21

They sold each unit of burger at ₹ 90 and each maggi at ₹ 50. It costs them ₹ 70 per unit to buy burger
 27 14   70   90 
and ₹ 35 to buy one maggi. Given that, Q =  , C =  , S =   .
 32 21   35   50 
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
i. Find the total cost incurred to buy burger and maggi for class X and class XII.
ii. Find the profit for each burger and maggi.
iii. Find the total profit for class XI and for class XII.
 2380   20   750 
Answer: i. QC =   ii. S − C =   iii. Q ( S − C ) =  .
 2975   15   955 

7. A manufacturer sells the products x, y and z in two markets. Annual sales are indicated below.
Market Products
x y z
I 10000 2000 18000
II 6000 20000 8000

i. If unit sale prices of x, y and z are ₹ 2.50, ₹ 1.50 and ₹ 1.00 respectively, then find the total
revenue in each market with the help of matrix algebra.
ii. If the unit costs of the above three commodities are ₹ 2, ₹ 1 and ₹ 0.50 respectively, find the gross
profit.
Answer: i. Total revenue in market I is ₹ 46, 000 and in market II is ₹ 53,000.
ii. Gross profit = ₹ 32000.
 SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

5 0   4 3 3 1 
1. If 3 A − B =   and B =   then find the value of matrix A. (CBSE 2019) [Ans:  ]
1 1   2 5 1 2 
2. Write the number of all possible matrices of order 2  2 with each entry 1, 2 or 3.
(CBSE 2016) [Ans: 81]
 0 1 2
i− j 1 
3. Write the element of a 3 X 3 matrix aij = (CBSE 2015) [Ans: A =  1 0 1  ]
2 2 
 2 1 0
 1 0
4. Solve the following matrix equation of x:  x 1  =O (CBSE 2014) [ Ans: x = 2]
 −2 0 
5. If A is a square matrix such that A2 = A , then write the value of 7 A − ( I + A)3 , Where I is identity
matrix. (CBSE 2014) [Ans: − I ]
 x
6. If  2 x 4   = 0 , then find the positive value of x. (CBSE 2014) [Ans: x = 4]
 −8 
 a − b 2 a + c   −1 5 
7. Find the value of a, if  =  (CBSE 2013) [Ans: a = 1]
 2a − b 3c + d   0 13
 2 −2 
8. If matrix A =   and A2 = pA .then write the value of p. (CBSE 2013) [Ans: p = 4]
 −2 2 
9. If a matrix has 5 elements, then write all possible orders it can have. (CBSE 2011) [Ans: 5  1 , 1  5 ]

1 2   3 1  7 11 
10. If   =  , then write the value of k (CBSE 2010) [Ans: k = 17]
3 4   2 5  k 23

 x + y 1 7 1
11. If  =  , then find the value of x. (CBSE 2010) [Ans: x = 5, y = 2]
 2 y 5  4 5

2 0 1   1 −1 −1  
  3 −3 −4  
12. If A =  2 1 3 , then find value of A2 – 3A + 2I. (CBSE 2010)  Ans:  
 
1 −1 0    −3 2 0  

3 y − x −2 x  5 −2 
13. If  =
7  3 7 
, then find the value of y. (CBSE 2010) [ Ans : y = 2]
 3
 2 x + y 3 y  6 0 
14. If  =
4  0 4 
, then find the value of x. (CBSE 2010) [Ans : x = 3]
 0
  0 2b − 2 

15. Matrix A =  3 1 3  is given to be symmetric. find the values of a and b.
 3a 3 −1

2 3
(CBSE 2016) [Ans: a = − ,b= ]
3 2
16. Show that all diagonal elements of a skew-symmetric matrix are zero. (CBSE 2017)
 2 − 1  −1 − 8
  1 −2 
17. Find matrix A such that  1

0  A =  1 − 2  . (CBSE, 2017) [Ans:  ]
 −3 4   9 22  3 4 

2 0 1
 
18. If A =  2 1 3  , find A2 - 5 A + 4 I and hence find a matrix X such that
 1 −1 0 

 −1 −1 −3  1 1 3
A - 5 A + 4I + X = O .
2  −1 −3 −10  X =  1 3 10 
(CBSE, 2015) Ans:  ,  .
 −5 4 2   5 −4 −2 
19. Express the following matrix as the sum of a symmetric and skew symmetric matrix and verify your
 3 −2 −4   6 1 −5   0 −5 −3 
  1  1 
Result. A =  3 −2 −5  (CBSE, 2010) [Ans:  1 −4 −4  +  5 0 −6  ]
2 2
 −1 1 2   −5 −4 4   3 6 0 

 cos  − sin  0 
 
20. If f (  ) =  sin  cos  0  , prove that f (  ) . f ( − ) = f (  −  ) .
 0 1 
 0

 1 0 2
 
21. If A =  0 2 1  , then prove that A is a root of the polynomial f ( x ) = x 3 − 6 x 2 + 7 x + 2 .
 2 0 3
 
 3 −4 
2 2
22. If A =  1 1  and B = 
1
 , then verify that ( BA)  B A .
2 2 2

2 0  1 2 4
 
 4 0 k 0 
23. If A =   and B =   , such that AB = BA . Then show that 2k + 17k − 12 = 0 .
2

 2k 5k   3 −1 
 3 1
24. For the matrix A =   , find a and b such that A + aI = bA , where I is 2  2 identity matrix.
2

 7 5
[Ans: a = 8, b = 8 ]

25. Show that, the matrix BT AB is symmetric and skew-symmetric, according to A is symmetric or
skew-symmetric.