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24 views3 pages

Homework 2

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이동근
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Sogang University MEE4032 Thermo and fluid dynamics on a small scale (Spring 2023)

Homework 2
Due on 5 June
(Late homework will not be graded)

1. (25 points) Consider a liquid film with a viscosity of μ draining uniformly down the side of a vertical rod of
radius a, as in the figure. At some distance down the rod the film will approach a terminal or fully developed
draining flow of constant outer radius b, with υz = υz(r), υθ = υr = 0. Assume that the air surrounding the liquid
film offers no shear resistance to the film motion. The gravitational force acts along z-axis. The density of liquid
is ρ and the gravitational acceleration is g.
a) Find a differential equation for υz
b) State the proper boundary conditions to solve the differential equation in (a).
c) Find the film velocity distribution.

Navier-Stokes equations in a cylindrical coordinate system are expressed as follows.

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Sogang University MEE4032 Thermo and fluid dynamics on a small scale (Spring 2023)

2. (25 points) The process of drop-on-demand (DOD) ink-jetting is of great importance in many industries. A
small drop of fluid is ejected from an orifice under the action of some controlled displacement or forcing
upstream. In many application areas it has become important to be able to dispense very viscous fluids (such as
high solids-fraction inks, solder pastes and waxes). The issue becomes the ability to create a suitable ‘jet’ of a
viscous fluid that can be ejected from an orifice and then to successfully seal or close-off the valve after
dispensing the drop without any excess fluid dribbling or oozing out slowly. One potential design from a patent
is shown below, together with a simpler qualitative sketch shown next to it (we will ignore the converging
region shown in the patent by the label 4).

A strong spring or piezo-displacement system is used to drive a cylindrical flat dispensing plate of radius R
through a viscous fluid (of viscosity μ) towards a stationary flat plate at a steady velocity V. The stationary flat
plate forms the bottom of the inkjet dispensing head and has a small hole of radius a (<< R) at the center. The
gap between the two plates H(t) is on the same order as the nozzle opening and is much smaller than R. As the
plate closes, some fluid is accelerated through the nozzle and ejected as a jet while the remainder is squeezed
out radially. In the fluid reservoir outside the plate the pressure field remains essentially atmospheric. The length
of the nozzle is L >> a and, because the fluid is highly viscous, you can treat the flow in the long nozzle as fully-
developed viscous flow.

Find the volumetric flow rate of fluid jetted in terms of other known parameters.

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Sogang University MEE4032 Thermo and fluid dynamics on a small scale (Spring 2023)

3. (25 points) Read the following research paper published in Physics of Fluids, a leading journal in the field of
fluid mechanics.

S.-G. Kim and W. Kim, Drop Impact on a Fiber, Physics of Fluids 28, 042001 (2016)

You find the article uploaded as a separate file. You can also refer a news article in a webpage.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/04/160412132019.htm)

In the article, the residual mass on a fiber after droplet impact was examined using the lubrication
approximation. Identify the paragraph where the authors relied on the lubrication approximation, and briefly
describe how the authors used it.

4. (25 points) Read the following research paper appeared in Science, a leading journal in the interdisciplinary
field.

M. Prakash, D. Quéré, and J. W. M. Bush, Surface Tension Transport of Prey by Feeding Shorebirds: The
Capillary Ratchet, Science 320, 931 (2008)

You find the article uploaded as a separate file.

Explain the mechanism for the fluid transport by feeding shorebirds

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