Task 1. Read the text and do the task below.

12 Types of Databases

Centralized Database

A centralized database is accessible from a single location and can be accessed and
managed from a single computer. A centralized database consists of data collected
from a single place and accessed and managed from a single computer. They often
have a single point of control from which only authorized(авторизовані) users can
access it. They may be updated from a single location as they are accessed from a
single computer.

Cloud Database

Cloud databases are databases that are stored on an external server (зовнішньому
сервері) (an external database server) that is in the Cloud. The basic idea is simple:
instead of storing your data on a local server, you can keep it on a cloud-based
database hosted by the vendor (постачальник). You can access it from anywhere,
and the vendor will back it up for you.

Commercial Database

Business-oriented databases are those that commercial companies create.

Databases with (широкими) extensive functionality are developed by businesses
and sold to their customers. There are different types of commercial databases,
depending on their technology or composition. Commercial databases involve
customers paying to make use of them, unlike open source databases.

Distributed Database Розподілена база даних

A distributed database is a data store attached to multiple servers, with each server
responsible for storing (зберігання) data but connected via a network (мережею).
The database is stored on a central server, but the data exists on each server. The
data flows back and forth (циркулюють) between the servers, and each server
processes the data in its own way.
End-user Database

An end-user database collects data used by an “end-user” that one or more persons
can share. It is stored, typically, on a server without the need for a specific
individual to manage the data. An excellent example of a database used by an end-
user is a software client database that can be accessed by a computer (or any other
device) for storing, accessing, or retrieving data.

Graph Database Графові бази даних

Graph databases allow us to store data in a graph structure (графової структури).

That means that rather than holding each piece of data itself, you store the
relationships (зв'язки) between those pieces of data. This makes it easier to
traverse the graph and find the things you are looking for, and it makes it easier to
do things such as joins between multiple tables, storing scanned documents as
nodes, and more.

NoSQL Database

NoSQL (not only SQL) is a collection of database styles that differ on how data is
stored, arranged, and accessed. These databases are usually flexible and tailored
(пристосовані) to the needs of the application. If your application needs to store
large quantities of data and access it quickly, a NoSQL database is likely your best
choice.

Object-oriented Database

Some databases are oriented around objects and classes and store the data as such.
A class describes an entire group of objects, whereas an object is a single item.
These databases are relational databases (реляційними базами даних) that use
object-oriented concepts. If you need to process a large amount of complex data
quickly, an object-oriented database may be the best choice since it can efficiently
search and retrieve (отримувати) large volumes of information.
Open-source Database

Open-source databases are free to access by the general public. Users of open-
source databases do not have to pay a fee to download or subscribe. Open source
describes a computer program in which users can observe and edit the
development process. Commercial databases have many more features than open-
source databases, but they are often more expensive.

Operational Database

An operational database manages a business’s operations and transactions.

Additionally, it may be required to provide interactive dashboards
(інформаційних панелей) for real-time analytics or integrate these capabilities
into operational procedures.

Personal Database

Personal computers collect and store data on an individual database which is easy
to manage and small. A small group of people usually have access to data used by
a department within an organization.

Relational Database

Relational databases are the standard in modern databases. What makes relational
databases different from other database systems is how they store data — or, more
accurately, how they model the way that data is stored. For the most part, you can
model even complex data structures in a relational manner.

TASK 2. Write down the type of database that would be the most effective
in each situation.

1. Graph Database a) allows to store data in a graph structure

Personal Database b) collects and store data on an individual

2. database which is easy to manage

Centralized Database c) consists of data collected from a single place

3. and accessed and managed from a single

computer

Open-source Database d) free to access by the general public

4.

NoSQL Database e) flexible and tailored to the needs of the

5. application

Object-oriented Database f) allows to process a large amount of complex

6. data quickly

Commercial Database g) developed by businesses and sold to their

7. customers

8. Distributed h) consists of two or more files located in

Database different sites either on the same network or
on entirely different networks