FUZZY LOGIC BASED TEMPERATURE CONTROL SYSTEM

Dr. K. Gaayathry Me.E.,Ph.D Boomika S, Hari Varshini S, Sherene Amalia G,

Assistant Professor Leena R
Department of Instrumentation and Control U.G. Student
Engineering Saranathan College of Engineering, Department of Instrumentation and Control
Tiruchirappalli-12, India. Engineering Saranathan College of Engineering,
Tiruchirappalli-12, India

Abstract— Temperature control is a critical aspect of more complex. Procedures are automated using an
various industrial processes and environmental systems. industrial computer known as a programmable logic
Fuzzy logic has emerged as a promising approach for
addressing the challenges associated with temperature
controller. With more complex process control
control due to its ability to handle imprecise and uncertain systems, it was more difficult to identify a system
information. This abstract presents an overview of a issue quickly. Due to the rigidity of these panels,
temperature control system based on fuzzy logic there was a rapid increase in the need for a robust
principles.The proposed system employs fuzzy logic to and dependable controller, which prompted the
model and control temperature variations in a dynamic
and adaptive manner. The fuzzy logic controller (FLC)
creation of new technologies and software.
takes input variables such as temperature readings,
setpoints, and rate of change, and applies linguistic rules to II. EXISTING SYSTEM
determine the appropriate control actions. By utilizing A. Controller
linguistic variables and rules, the FLC can effectively
capture the human-like decision-making process involved
in temperature regulation. An RTD or thermocouple require extensive user
Keywords—Myrio, fuzzy Logic, Temperature Controller, interaction to precisely manage process
Labview. temperature; a temperature control system includes
I. INTRODUCTION a controller that receives input from temperature
sensors to achieve this. After comparing the actual
Process control system is an electronic equipment temperature to the set point—also referred to as the
and device group that provides stability and intended control temperature—it provides an output
precision while removing hazardous transition to a control element.
states from the production process. Consider the following aspects while selecting a
Process control is commonly used in industry to controller:
make continuous processes easier to mass produce.
Temperature control is the process of monitoring  The required output type, which can be
temperature variations and modifying the quantity either an electromechanical relay, SSR, or
of heat energy entering or leaving water in order to analog output.
achieve a desired temperature. It is essential for  The temperature range and type of input
both domestic and commercial applications since it sensor (thermocouple, RTD).
provides a prerequisite for chemical reactions,  PID, on/off, or proportional control
distillation, drying, calcinations, fermentation, and algorithms are required.
other processes. Inadequate temperature  The type and number of outputs (hot, cool,
management can lead to major problems with limit, and alarm).
output, quality, and safety. During the beginning of After the model is built, control measures
the industrial revolution, especially in the 1960s and are necessary to maintain a process in a
1970s, relays were used to power mechanical steady state.
machinery. Cables located inside control panels
linked them. Consequently, the control became
B. Drawbacks of the existing system aspect of this approach. The parameters
automatically adjust to the conditions of the process
The many functions in the existing system need to when the process variable changes, producing the
be monitored and controlled by instrumentation outcome.
engineers. Given that the current technology does
A. Design of MISO
not display the real-time simulation, being complex
because of text-based programming, and it could be
The MISO temperature control system is
difficult to identify and resolve issues. These
designed and implemented using a fuzzy controller
problems can be fixed and procedures can be
that is coded in LabVIEW. Fuzzy logic is a rule-
finished more quickly and simply by using the
based decision-making technique used in process
LabVIEW application.
control.
Typically, temperature control procedures involve
gradual cooling; that is, when the water temperature B. Fuzzy Logic System
drops, the heater's power must be reduced or turned
off. Rules, membership functions, and linguistic
variables are a fuzzy system's three main parts. The
III. NEED FOR THIS PROJECT basic steps involved in developing fuzzy logic
control are as follows:
Real-time monitoring, straightforward control of
several variables, and quick fault detection and  Figuring out which variables are input and
repair are critical in today's market. The system has output.
to be speed up because the cooling process takes a  Giving each fuzzy subset formed by
while. dividing the time interval between each
IV. PROPOSED SYSTEM input and output a linguistic label.
 Determining the fuzzy subsets' membership
This project establishes temperature monitoring and functions.
control using the Myrio controller, fuzzy controller,  Determining how the "input fuzzy subsets"
LabVIEW software, and water in the tank. This and the "output fuzzy subsets," which
technique seeks to accomplish efficient temperature together comprise the RuleBase, are fuzzy.
control by making an effort to adjust the  The rules can be interpreted by using
discrepancy between the observed temperature and operators like fuzzy "AND" and "OR."
the anticipated set point.  In fuzzy systems, multiple rules may
activate concurrently, but to varying degrees
V. METHODOLOGY
of intensity.
 Transforming fuzzy, processed data into
The process of measuring or detecting changes
sharp data suitable for real-time
in water temperature, along with modifying the
applications.
quantity of heat energy entering or leaving the
water to reach the desired temperature, is known as C. Temperature Sensor
water temperature control. The fuzzy controller uses
predetermined rules to regulate a fuzzy system, By establishing a relationship between temperature
accounting for the error rate, temperature error, and and the resistance of the RTD element, resistance
current values of the input variables. temperature detectors are used to measure
Here, the membership function is used in both its temperature. The RTD element is composed of a
trapezoidal and triangular variants. Using pure substance whose resistance has been measured
LabVIEW software, which has enhanced features and documented at different temperatures.
that enable continuous process monitoring even Temperature is determined by measuring the
after the process variable hits the set point, is one predicted change in resistance that the material
experiences as the temperature varies. This time, desired actuator output are carried out continuously
platinum is the substance employed. A device and at a predetermined loop rate, this sort of control
known as a platinum resistance temperature system is known as a closed loop control system.
detector (RTD) Pt100 has a typical resistance of
100 Ω at 0°C. It follows a positive slope in F. Control Configuration
changing resistance value with temperature
(resistance increases as temperature increases). The information structure that links the available
D. RTD Signal Conditioning Circuit measurements to the available controlled variables
is called a control configuration. We can identify
Signal conditioning is the process of modifying an the control configurations as
analog signal so that it gauges the requirements for (i) Single input single output (SISO),
the following processing step. For instance, the (ii) Multiple input multiple output (MIMO),
output of an electronic temperature sensor is most (iii) Multiple input single output (MISO)
likely too low to be processed directly by an analog- (iv) Single input multiple output (SIMO)
to-digital converter (ADC). In this instance, the control systems depending on the number of
voltage level must be raised to the level required by controlled output and manipulated input we have in
an ADC by signal conditioning and amplification. a chemical process.
In a broader sense, signal conditioning can involve
any necessary processing such as amplification, VI. MULTIPLE INPUT SINGLE OUTPUT PROCESS
conversion, or any other step to prepare sensor A. MISO
output for digital format conversion.
A control arrangement with many manipulated
E. Closed loop temperature control variables and just one control variable is called a
multiple input single output (MISO) system. As an
Temperature (ºC) is the system parameter, or the illustration, the temperature of the reactor feed can
process variable, that has to be regulated. Water be measured and the coolant flow rate can be
from the tank continuously leaking out causes adjusted (a disturbance). The temperature of the
disruptions to the process. The process variable is reactor is affected by these two.
measured by a sensor, which also gives the control
system feedback. The process variable's desired or B. Procedure Configuration
reference value is known as the set point. The
compensator algorithm of the control system uses
the difference between the process variable and the The setup for the process consists of a single water
set point at any given time to determine the tank with an integrated heater for heating. A set
appropriate actuator output to drive the system flow rate is used to introduce and remove water
(plant). The actuator output designated by the initially. A Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD)
control algorithm is to operate a heater, for is used to measure the setup's temperature.
example, if the desired temperature set point is 50 After being conditioned, this signal is delivered to
ºC and the measured temperature process variable is the DAQ's analog input module, which
40 ºC. subsequently transmits it to LabVIEW. The output
of the RTD is provided in ohms, and by signal
When an actuator signal is used to drive a heater, conditioning, it is received in volts (0–5V). After
the system gets warmer and the temperature process comparing this signal to the set point, LabVIEW
variable rises, but when an actuator signal is used to creates a digital signal that is sent to the DAQ's
drive a pump, the system lowers temperature more analog output module. Through SCR and SSR, the
effectively. Because the steps of reading sensors to output from this module is supplied to the pump and
provide continuous feedback and calculating the heater control unit.
The proportional SSR and SCR are used to change Fuzzy Output and Input Fuzzy the A pair of inputs
the current flowing through the pump and heater, are used in our project, and the output is produced
respectively. by combining the two inputs. There are seven
subsets in each of these inputs.
C. Implementation of fuzzy rules Input 1: Temperature Error
Input 2: Temperature Error Rate
A system of variables connected by fuzzy logic is Output : Fuzzy output to Heating rod or Pump
called a fuzzy system. Based on the current values Subsets
of the input variables, a fuzzy controller applies
predefined rules to regulate a fuzzy system. Three A. Inputs
primary components compose a fuzzy system: rules, Input 1(Temperature Error) : Positive Big, Positive
membership functions, and linguistic variables. Medium, Positive Small, Zero, Negative Small,
Terms And Variables In Linguistics The input and Negative Medium, Negative Big.
output variables of the system that has to be
regulated are expressed in words as linguistic
variables. There are often an odd number of
linguistic words in linguistic variables, with
symmetric linguistic terms at either extreme and a
middle linguistic term. There is an expected value
range for every linguistic variable. The language
phrases "cold," "moderate," and "hot" may be
included in the variables for both the intended and Fig.2. Table of Input 1
present temperatures. The terms "off," "low," and
"high" may be included in the linguistic variable
heater setting. Functions of Membership Numerical Input 2(Temperature Error Rate) : Positive Big,
functions that correlate to language concepts are Positive Medium, Positive Small, Zero, Negative
called membership functions. The level of Small, Negative Medium, Negative Big
membership of linguistic variables within their
linguistic terms is represented by a membership
function. The membership degree is a continuous
scale from 0 to 1, where 0 represents 0%
membership and 1 represents 100% membership.
The Λ-type (triangular shape), Π-type (trapezoidal
shape), singleton-type (vertical line shape),
Sigmoid-type (wave shape), and Gaussian-type
(bell shape) membership functions are among the Fig. 3. Table of Input 2
various varieties that are available.

B. Outputs

Positive Big, Positive Medium, Positive Small,

Zero, Negative Small, Negative Medium, Negative
Big
Fig.1. Different types of shapes in the fuzzy graph

VII. INPUTS AND OUTPUTS OF FUZZY SYSTEM

 Fig. 4. Table of Outputs

C. Rule Description

The Base Table of Rules Based on their linguistic

terminology, rules express in words the
relationships between input and output linguistic VIII.DEVELOPING FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER
variables. The following formula defines the total A. Brief Description
number N of feasible rules for a fuzzy system: The
number of linguistic phrases for the input linguistic
Fuzzy systems are controlled using fuzzy
variable n is denoted by pn, and N = p1 × p2 × … ×
controllers. A mathematical model of the system
pn. The following equation defines the total number
you intend to control is necessary for the majority
N of feasible rules if all input linguistic variables
of conventional control techniques. Mathematical
have the same number of linguistic terms: N is
modeling of many physical systems is challenging
equal to p^m, where m is the total number of input
or impossible, nevertheless. Furthermore, a lot of
linguistic variables and p is the number of linguistic
processes are too complicated or nonlinear to be
phrases for each input linguistic variable.For the
able to manage using conventional methods.
purpose of identifying discrepancies, such as
However, one can utilize fuzzy logic to build a
contradictory rules, plotting a rule base in matrix
fuzzy controller that mimics a heuristic rule-of-
form might be useful. Plotting a rule basis in matrix
thumb method if you can qualitatively define a
form, however, is only effective for very small rule
control strategy. Following the fuzzification of the
bases. It's challenging to find discrepancies in big
input values of a fuzzy system, the resulting
rule bases. Cascaded fuzzy systems can be used to
linguistic terms of the output linguistic variables are
prevent huge rule bases in fuzzy systems with
determined by the fuzzy controller using the
several controller inputs.
corresponding input linguistic terms and rule base.

D. Rules Table

Fig. 5. Table of Rules in Fuzzy Logic

B. Objective of the fuzzy in our Paper

Fuzzy controllers are used to control fuzzy systems.

Most traditional control approaches need you to
have a mathematical model of the system you want
to regulate. However, many physical systems are
difficult or impossible to model mathematically.
Moreover, many processes are too intricate or
nonlinear to be handled by traditional means. If you
can qualitatively characterize a control strategy, you
can use fuzzy logic to create a fuzzy controller that
resembles a heuristic rule-of-thumb approach. The E. Result
fuzzy controller uses the matching input linguistic
terms and rule base to determine the resultant
linguistic terms of the output linguistic variables
after fuzzification of the input values of a fuzzy
system.
C. Steps in designing the fuzzy logic

 Determining the variables that are input and

output.
 Dividing each input and output period into a
Fig. 6. Output of the fuzzy rules in graph
number of fuzzy subsets and giving each
one a linguistic title.
 Ascertaining a fuzzy subset's membership
IX. CONCLUSION
function.
 Determining the fuzzy relationship between
In conclusion, the application of fuzzy logic in
the "output fuzzy sets" and the "input fuzzy
temperature control systems offers a viable solution
subsets," which together comprise the Rule-
for achieving accurate and efficient regulation in
Base.
various domains. By leveraging linguistic variables
 Applying fuzzy "AND" and "OR" operators
and rules, the fuzzy logic controller can effectively
to interpret the rules. Multiple rules may fire
handle uncertainties and non-linearities, providing
simultaneously in fuzzy systems, but at
an intelligent and adaptive approach to temperature
different intensities.
control. The abstract provides a concise overview of
 Converting the processed, fuzzy data into the temperature control system based on fuzzy
crisp data that could be used in practical logic, highlighting its benefits and potential for
applications. future research and development.
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