International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056

Volume: 03 Issue: 08 | Aug-2016 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Buckling Analysis Of Connecting Rod

Nagaraju K L1, Chandan R2
1M-Tech Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. AIT, Bangalore.
2Assistant Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. AIT, Bangalore.

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Abstract - The connecting rod is the transitional part 1.1 Introduction to buckling
between the piston and the crankshaft. Its essential capacity is
to transmit the push and pull from the piston pin to the crank Buckling is the instable phenomenon. The buckling happens
pin, in this way changing over the reciprocating motion of the only at one load, and that load is called as critical buckling
cylinder into turning movement of the crank. The capacity of load which is given by Euler formula Pcr = π2EI/ le2for
connecting rod is to transmit the push of the piston to the columns as shown in fig 1.
crank shaft, and as the outcome the reciprocating motion of
the piston is interpreted into rotational movement of the
wrench shaft. It comprises of a pin–end, a shank section and a
crank end. Pin end and crank end pin holes are machined to
allow exact fitting of bearings. In this thesis, a connecting rod
is demonstrated utilizing catiav5, discretization utilizing
HyperMesh and analysis utilizing Nastran. The outcome
predicts the most extreme buckling load and basic locale on
the interfacing pole. It is imperative to find the basic territory
of concentrated stress for fitting adjustments. To discover the
stresses created in interfacing pole under static loading with
various stacking states of compression and tension at crank
end and pin end of connecting rod.
Key Words: Connecting Rod, Buckling Analysis, Static
Analysis, Buckling Load Factor, FE Analysis.

Fig -1: Buckling

1.INTRODUCTION Where,

To appreciate the certifiable impact, the vehicles had on our E- Young’s modulus
overall population, we would need to turn around in time
more than one hundred years. A period without the ease of I-Moment of Inertia
hopping into a vehicle to take us wherever we have to go is
skirting on difficult to various Americans. Nevertheless, for Le-Effective length of the column
the early auto constructs, the gigantic degrees of progress in
When the maximum stress of the structure is less than
auto development would be significantly all the all the more
ultimate strength and it is said to be safe, at that time critical
shocking.
buckling load becomes design driver i.e. if the applied load is
In this project, one segment of a motor specifically, the greater than the critical buckling load, the structure will fail
connecting rod, will be broke down. Being a champion even though it is designed with respect to its strength.
amongst the most vital parts in an engine's diagram, the
The ratio of critical buckling load to applied load is called as
interfacing pole must have the ability to withstand immense
Buckling Factor (B.F) which is used to know whether the
loads and transmit a considerable measure of force. It is
structure is buckled or not
nothing sudden that a failure in an associating bar can be one
of the costliest and hurting frustrations in an engine.
Regardless, fundamentally saying that isn't adequate to
2. OBJECTIVE
totally fathom the elements of the situation.
The objective of this study is to,

Determine the total stress developed on the connecting rod

due to the force applied on the connecting rod from the

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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 03 Issue: 08 | Aug-2016 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

power stroke of a Spark-ignition engine. And also to study figure. The shank is an I-area of differing segment with the
the effects of buckling load of the same magnitude as that of littler end at the cylinder end and the bigger segment at the
the power stroke applied on the connecting rod from the wrench end.
power stroke of a Spark-ignition engine.
3.2 FE Modeling
2.1 Methodology

 Geometry of a connecting rod will be modeled using

modeling software (CATIA v5).
 The Generated CAD Model is then discretized and a
Finite Element Model will be created using a Pre-
Processor (HyperMesh).

 The loads and boundary conditions that were

calculated will be applied on the FE Model during
Pre-Processing.

 The generated solver deck is fed to a solver

(NASTRAN)
Fig -3: FE Model of Connecting Rod
 Post-processing of the results obtained are
performed with Post-processor (HyperView). The geometric model shown in the previous section is
discretized using tetrahedral elements. These elements are
selected because of their ability to capture the geometry of
3. FINEITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS any complex model. Since this model is of various shapes and
sizes, a tetra element of the first order is selected. The crank
In this chapter, the geometry of the connecting rod, Mesh was divided into two components in the geometric model
generation and the analysis components are discussed. The and the same has been maintained in the FE model also.
load calculation to determine the buckling load has also been
shown in this chapter. 3.3 Loads and Boundary Conditions

3.1Geometric Modeling

Fig -4: FE Model of Connecting Rod

Fig -2: Geometric Model of Connecting Rod
Figure 4 shows the discretized model with loads and
The above figure demonstrates the geometric model of an boundary conditions applied. For this investigation, the
associating pole utilized as a part of a two-chamber SI interfacing pole is set at the top right on target amid the
Engine. The displaying has been done utilizing the beginning of the force stroke. Thus, the wrench is obliged in
demonstrating programming, CATIA v5. It contains a all degrees of opportunity and the heap is connected on the
cylinder end, shank and a wrench end isolated into two cylinder end of the associating pole. The estimations
sections for less demanding establishment. For model identifying with the heap connected is demonstrated as
rearrangements, all filets and chamfers underneath 3mm are follows.
disregarded and the last model is spoken to in the above

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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 03 Issue: 08 | Aug-2016 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

3.2 Engine Specification Gas Force =

Engine Capacity : 2967 cc = 28.621kN

Power developed : 232 hp (173 kW)

Torque developed : 300 Nm at 4500 rpm = 13.95 m/s2

Stroke : 79.5 mm Inertia force = 2.507 X 13.95
Bore : 89 mm = 35N
Compression ratio : 10:1 Forces acting on the connecting rod small end = Gas force –
Inertial force
The Forces acting on the piston end of the connecting rod is
given by the equation, = 28621 - 35
Force = Gas force – Inertial force = 28586N
Where, 4 RESULTS
Gas Force = Pressure X Cylinder bore area
The analysis was run for the above mentioned FE Model with
Inertial Force = mp X ap the loads and boundary conditions attached to it. The
following figures give the results obtained from both the
static analysis (Displacement and Stresses) and buckling
analysis (Buckling mode).

Where, 4.1 Static Analysis

r = Crank radius

ω = angular velocity

θ = Crank angle

(For maximum power, it can be assumed that the crank angle

will be 0° or 360°)

The mean effective pressure inside the cylinder can be

calculated by using the below formula.

Power (P) =

Where, Fig -5: Displacement Plot

Pm = Mean effective pressure (MPa)

Figure 5 above shows the displacement for the selected
L = Stroke length (m) connecting rod under the loads applied. It is clear from the
above figure that the maximum displacement occurs on the
A = Area of the cylinder (m2) piston end at a value of 0.176 mm and minimum
displacement occurs on the crank end at a value of 0 mm.
N = Speed of the engine (RPM)

Pm=
= 4663988.916 N/m2

= 4.6 MPa = 46 bar

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From the results it can be concluded that,

 The displacement plot shows a very small value

which does not affect the performance of the
connecting0rod.

 The0linear static analysis of the0connecting

rod0shows that the stress generated in the model is
within the acceptable limits or maximum allowable
stress.

 The buckling mode analysis gives the buckling

factor greater than 1 and hence it0can
be0concluded that the0connecting rod can
Fig -6: Elemental Stress plot withstand the load applied.

Figure 6 above shows the Von Mises stress plot for the
selected connecting rod under the loads applied. It is clear REFERENCES
from the above figure that the shank is subjected to a
maximum stress near the piston end at a value of 414.34 [1] Pai, C. L., 1996, “The shape optimization of a connecting
rod with fatigue life constraint,” Int. J. of Materials and
MPa. This value is very much less than the yield strength of Product Technology, Vol. 11, No. 5-6, pp. 357-370.
the material and hence it can0be said that the0connecting [2] Park, H., Ko, Y. S., Jung, S. C., Song, B. T., Jun, Y. H.,
rod is safe under the applied0load because the value of the Lee, B. C., and Lim J. D., 2003, “Development of Fracture
stress developed is well within the maximum allowable Split Steel Connecting Rods,” SAE Technical Paper Series,
stress level of 468.85 MPa. This value is obtained by Paper No. 2003-01-1309.
considering a factor of safety of 2 for forged steel which has [3] Balasubramaniam, B., Svoboda, M., and Bauer, W., 1991,
the ultimate strength of 937.7 MPa. “Structural optimization of I.C. engines subjected to
mechanical and thermal loads,” Computer Methods in
4.2 Buckling Analysis Applied Mechanics and Engineering, Vol. 89, pp. 337-360.
[4] El-Sayed, M. E. M., and Lund, E. H., 1990, “Structural
optimization with fatigue life constraints,” Engineering
Fracture Mechanics, Vol. 37, No. 6, pp. 1149-1156.

Fig -7: Buckling Mode

Figure 7 shows the buckling mode plot of the connecting rod

for the applied loads. It is observed that the buckling factor is
86.23 which means that the connecting rod designed can
withstand loads as high as 86 times the load applied

5. CONCLUSION
The model of a connecting rod was generated, discretizes
and analyzed. The results are tabulated and presented in the
previous chapters.

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