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JSS 2 Basic Tech

3rd term basic technology for class 2
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100% found this document useful (1 vote)
2K views28 pages

JSS 2 Basic Tech

3rd term basic technology for class 2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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JSS 2 BASIC TECHNOLOGY FOR THIRD TERM

JSS2 3RD TERM BASIC TECHNOLOGY SCHEME OF WORK

WEEKS

CONTENTS

1. FIRST AID AND FIRST AID MATERIALS

2. ABC OF FIRST AID AND APPLICATIONS OF FIRST AID

3. RESCUE OPERATION

4. STEPS INVOLVED IN RESCUE OPERATION

5. MATERIALS AND THEIR COMMON USE

6. USES OF WOOD

7. USES OF METAL

8. TYPES OF METAL

9. USES OF CERAMICS

10. USES OF RUBBER

11. USES OF PLASTICS AND GLASS

12. REVISION

13. EXAMINATION AND CLOSURE


WEEK 2

JSS2 BASIC TECHNOLOGY

TOPIC: FIRST AID AND FIRST AID MATERIALS

Specific objectives

By the end of this lesson, the students should be able to:

· Define first aid

· Define a first aider

· Identify the materials found in a first aid box

· Explain the uses of first aid materials

FIRST AID

This is defined as the immediate treatment given to an injured/ sick person to save life before taking
him/her to the hospital or before the arrival of the doctor.
The person that administers first aid to a casualty is known as the first aider.

Note: casualty is defined as a victim of accident. The person may be injured or dead.

The First Aid Box:

This is the box that contains all the first aid materials used for administering first aid.

Materials found in the first aid box:

· Plasters: used for covering up cuts or wounds.

· Cotton: used for draining of blood

· Scissors: used for cutting out plasters, guaze and bandages to be used in administering first aid

· Paracetamol/aspirin: They are used as pain relievers

· Safety pin: They are used to fix bandages and hold it in place.

· Bandage: used for holding broken bones or dislocated joints in place.


· Iodine: used for controlling bleeding in small cuts/injury

· G.V (gentian violet): it has weak anti bacterial effects and helps your wound to heal faster.

· Hydrogen peroxide: used for preventing infection in your wound or minor cuts

· Glucose: used for boosting energy

Assignment:

· Draw a first aid box.

· Define a casualty

· Who is a first aider

· What is used as pain reliever in the first aid

· What is the full meaning of G.V


WEEK 3

TOPIC: ABC OF FIRST AID AND APPLICATION OF FIRST AID

Specific objectives:

· By the end of this lesson, the students should be able to:

· Explain ABC of first aid

· Explain how first aid can be applied

· Know the golden rules of first aid

· State the qualities of a good first aider

ABC of First Aid:

Before a first aider administers first aid, he/she must observe the ABC of first aid and they are:

1. A (Airways): The First aider must clear the airways to create good ventilation to prevent the victim
from gasping for air.

2. B (Breathing): After clearing the first aider should check if the victim is still breathing to confirm if
he/she is still alive before administration of first aid.
3. C (Circulation): check the pulse of the victim to know if blood is still in circulation, this can be done by
holding the vein at the wrist or that of the neck.

Golden Rule of First Aid:

The first aider must not endanger his/her life while trying to save others.

APPLICATION OF FIRST AID:

Applying First Aid To Someone That Has High Fever:

Soak a towel in a cool water (room temperature), rinse it a little and use the towel to cool down the
temperature of the patient. Give the patient water to prevent dehydration and then make preparations
on how to take him/her to the hospital.

Applying First Aid To Someone Who Is Unconscious:

Apply the ABC of first aid, if the victim is still breathing and blood is still circulating then give him/her
C.P.R (cardio pulmonary resuscitation) which means mouth to mouth respiration. Do it repeatedly to
yield results while making arrangements for the casualty to be taken to the hospital.

But….

If the unconscious victim is not breathing and there is no pulse, it signifies danger meaning that the
victim may be dead but still take him/her to the hospital for the doctor to confirm that.

Applying First Aid From A Victim Rescued From Drowning.


Lie the victim face up and gently press the stomach to release excess water swallowed by the victim,
then apply ABC of first aid, then administer CPR to the victim is still unconscious while making
arrangements for the victim to be taken to the hospital.

QUALITIES OF A GOOD FIRST AIDER:

· He/she must be observant

· He/she must be calm

· He/she must be cheerful

· He/she must not cause panic to the victim

· He/she must be sympathetic

· He/she must be resourceful (using anything around him to save life)

Assignment:

1) state the golden rule of first aid

2) explain ABC of first aid

3) Write the full meaning of CPR and explain


4) Name 4 qualities of a good first aider

WEEK 4

Topic: RESCUE OPERATION

Specific Objectives

By the end of this lesson, the students sould be able to:

· Define rescue operation

· Name different aspects of rescue operations

· Explain vehicle extrication

· Explain fire rescue

RESCUE OPERATION:

This is defined as the action put in place in order to save life and properties. Rescue operations require
high degree of training and are performed by rescue squads either independent or part of a large
organization like: police, military, fire service etc.

Tools used for rescue operation includes: ambulance, fire service truck, cutting tool used for vehicle
extrication, helicopter, rescue rope, rescue dog, first aid box etc.
DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF RESCUE OPERATIONS

· Mine rescue: This is the rescue operation that specializes in saving miners or people doing
underground work trapped and couldn’t find a way to escape.

· Cave Rescue: This rescue operation is carried out in order to save cave explorers who have lost
their ways and bring them back to the right track.

· Flood rescue: In flood event, rescue operations are put in place to save live and properties of
the people affected.

· Fire rescue: If fire accident should occur, rescue operations are put in place to save life and
prevent burning or choking of the people affected.

· Vehicle extrication: This is the process of removing a vehicle away from someone who has
been involved in a motor accident in order to save the life of the victim. If the situation is critical, the
vehicle can be cut into different parts using some sharp sophisticated equipment.

Assignment:

· Define rescue operation

· Name the different aspects of rescue operations

· Explain vehicle extrication

WEEK 5
Topic: RESCUE OPERATORS AND STEPS INVOLVED IN RESCUE OPERATIONS.

Specific Objectives: By the end of this lesson, the students should be able to:

i. Explain whom a rescue operator is

ii. Name different types of rescue operators

iii. Explain the functions of each rescue Operators

iv. Explain the steps involved in rescue operation

RESCUE OPERATORS: They are recognized group of persons or organization who take part in saving life
and properties, they include:

i. Police Officers (ii). Road safety officers (iii). Fire service officers (iv). Red Cross (v). Military officers
(Army/Naval officers)

Police officers: They protect people and properties. They also control traffic to prevent congestion and
respond to emergency calls to save life.

Road safety officers: They educate drivers, motorist and general public on proper use of the high way
and also they give prompt attention to victims of accident.
Fire service: They extinguish fire, protect life and properties in the event of fire. They also rescue people
involved in road accident especially the one that may lead to fire outbreak.

Red Cross: This is a humanitarian movement whose best interest is to protect human life and alleviate
human suffering, also they specialize in administering first aid to accident victim.

Military officers (both Army and Naval officers): They protect the country from the invasion of the
enemy into the country. Sometimes their own lives are lost while trying to fight for their country

STEPS INVOLVED IN RESCUE OPERATIONS:

1. Work with time: try to assess the victim as quick as possible, if they are unconscious and immobile,
then administer ABC of first aid.

2. Secure the victim: use signage to prevent more injuries from affecting victims in road accident. In a
scenario where no signage can be found in an accident scene, we use grasses or tree branches to slow
down incoming vehicle

3. Transfer the victim: Immediately, the rescue team should start making contacts on how to transfer
the accident victims to the hospital especially when they are unconscious or badly injured.

Assignment: Explain the functions of the following rescue operators:

1. Police officers

2. Road safety officers

3. Naval officers

4. Red Cross

WEEK 6
Topic: MATERIALS AND THEIR COMMON USES: WOOD

Specific objectives: By the end of this lesson the students should be able to:

i Define wood

ii Explain different uses of wood

MATERIALS AND THEIR COMMON USES:

There are some materials commonly used in our day to day activities which helps us in one way or the
other.

Examples of these materials include: wood, metal, ceramics, rubber, plastics, glass etc.

WOOD: Wood is defined as porous and fibrous structural tissue found in the stems and roots of trees. In
our day to day activities, wood always play an important role and the following are some of its uses:

1. Home construction/building construction: Domestic houses made out of wood are still widely used.
Also in some buildings their interior roofing are made of wood. Likewise, in some building constructions,
bamboo wood are used for holding a building until it is firm to stand on its own.

2. Making kitchen utensils: Some kitchen utensils such as handles of spoons, pot handles, knife handles,
garri Turner etc are all made of wood because wood is an insulator which doesn’t allow heat to travel
through it.

3. Making musical instrument: Some of the local musical instruments like the gong, drums, xylophone,
flutes e.t.c are all made of wood.
4. Production of furniture: Some furniture found in our homes and offices are made of wood, examples:
tables, chairs, shelves, side stools, beds, doors, windows etc

5. Paper/tissue production: This is the best transformation of wood where by the wood is taken to a
milling machine, bleached to white colour and there by transformed into paper and tissue using other
sophisticated machine.

6. Wood is used as fuel:

Note: fuel is defined as anything that is capable of burning. We have liquid fuel, gaseous fuel and solid
fuel. So, wood is a solid fuel normally used as firewood for cooking. Majority of the cooking with
firewood can be found in our villages.

Assignment

1. Define wood

2. Explain 5 uses of wood

WEEK 7
Topic: METALS

Specific objectives

By the end of this lesson, the students should be able to:

· Define Metals

· Explain types of metals

· Explain uses of metal

METALS

Metals are minerals found underground in rocks. They are known for it’s high electrical conductivity and
high heat conduction as well. Examples of these metals are probably already familiar with us and they
include: gold, tin, copper, iron, silver etc

General Characteristics of metals:

· High electrical/heat conduction: It means that metal can conduct heat and electricity easily.

· Malleability: it means that metal can changed of beaten into different shapes

. Ductility: it means that metals can be drawn or stretched into wire without breaking

· Solid at room temperature: Metals will always remain solid at lower temperature but will melt when
subjected to high temperature. But there is only one metal that remains liquid even at room
temperature and it’s name is Mercury.
TYPES OF METALS

There are 3 main types of metal namely:

Ferrous metals

Non Ferrous metals

Alloy

FERROUS METALS

These are the types of metal that contains Iron, examples are: cast iron, wrought iron

Characteristics of a ferrous metal

· High magnetic property

· Poor resistance to corrosion and rust

· They are heavy in weight

· They are very strong

· High conductivity of electricity and heat

USES OF FERROUS METAL


· Used for construction of gates in modern houses

· Can be found in vehicle scrap metals

· Used for production of car jacks

NON FERROUS METALS

They are those metals which do not contain iron and are not magnetic in nature. They are usually more
resistant to corrosion than ferrous metals.

Examples of non-ferrous metals

· Aluminum

· Copper

· Lead

· Stainless steel

· Zinc

· Tin

· Gold

CHARACTERISTICS OF NON FERROUS METAL

· Doesn’t contain iron

· Not magnetic in nature


· Resistance to corrosion, it doesn’t rust easily

· Expensive to get

USES OF NON FERROUS METAL

· Electrical cable(copper)

· Zinc is used for roofing

· Tin is used for enclosing some canned food

· Stainless steel is used for producing some metallic plates and spoons

· Aluminum is used for producing some aluminum pots and kettles

· Lead is a metal used for producing batteries like lead-acid batteries

ALLOY

An alloy is the combination of two or more metals OR combination of metal and other element which
are not metal.

Examples of alloy includes:


· Bronze: this is the combination of 12% of tin and 88% of copper

· Brass: This is the combination of 67% copper and 33% zinc

· Steel: This contains 99% of iron and 1% carbon. They are used for the production of stronger
metals which may also be lighter in weight.

Uses of alloy

· Bronze is used for making ship propellers, modern musical instruments, bearings etc

· Brass are used for manufacturing metallic door handles, metallic fittings used for beautifying
our homes

· Steel is used for the production of ship, train and cars. Even some metallic electrical appliances
are made of steel

Characteristics of Alloy:

· Good electrical conductivity

· Good thermal conductivity

· Inability to absorb shock, likely to break when subjected to sudden pressure

Assignment
· Define ferrous metal

· Define non ferrous metal

· Define alloy

· What are the characteristics of ferrous metal

WEEK 8

Topic: CERAMICS

Specific objectives

By end of this lesson, the students should be able to:

· Define ceramics

· State different examples of ceramics

· List uses of ceramics


CERAMICS

Ceramics are usually made by the mixtures of clay, earthen element and water. There by shaping them
into desired form before fired in a kiln (heated chamber used for drying).

Then glazes are used for decorating the outer part of the ceramics making it look beautiful and
attractive.

Examples of ceramics

· Earthen ware: they are usually fired at the temperature below 1200 degree Celsius. They may
be glazed or ungrazed e.g local clay pots, clay plates

· Porcelain: This type of ceramics are heated between the temperature of 1200 degree Celsius
and 1400 degree Celsius. It is very strong and tough when compared to earthenware e.g modern glazed
plates, water jars, spoons, cups, tiles etc

· Bricks: This is a building material used for making walls and pavement. It is made with the
combination of clay, lime and some concrete materials

Uses of ceramics

· Production of cups and spoons

· Can be used for producing flower verse


· Used for making floor tiles

· Used for making ceramic water jars

Assignment:

· Write out 5 things you can find at home made of ceramics and it’s uses

WEEK 9

Topic: RUBBER

Specific objectives

By the end of this lesson, the students should be able to

· Define rubber
· Explain the 2 main types of rubber

· Explain the characteristics of Rubber

RUBBER

This is an elastic material which are made naturally from the latex of a particular tropical tree or
artificially from the by products of petroleum

There are 2 main types of rubber namely:

· Natural rubber. And

· Artificial rubber

· Natural Rubber: this type of rubber is gotten from the latex of a tree. The latex is normally sticky and
has a milky colour. When a cut is made on the tree it brings out the latex.

Note: the name of the rubber tree is known as “Hevea brasiliensis” found mainly in India.

· Synthetic Rubber: This is an artificial rubber gotten from the combination of petroleum by products or
polymerization of petroleum by products.

CHARACTERISTICS OF RUBBER

· They are elastic


· Ability to float on water

· It is a shock absorber

· It contracts when subjected to heat

USES OF RUBBER

· Production of car tyres and tubes

· Production of rubber boots, sandals and slippers

· Production of elastic bands

· Production of balloons

Assignment

· Write 3 characteristics of Rubber

· Define natural Rubber

· Which country can the rubber tree mostly be found

· What is the name of the said “rubber tree”


WEEK 10

Topic: PLASTIC AND GLASS

Specific objectives

By the end of this lesson, the students should be able to:

· Define a plastic

· Explain the two main types of plastics

· State the characteristics of plastic

· State uses of plastics

PLASTICS

This is a synthetic materials also gotten from the by products of petroleum which can be moulded into
different shapes.

There are 2 main types of plastic namely:

1. Thermoplastics. 2. Thermosets

Thermoplastics
This is the type of plastic which when subjected to a certain temperature, melts and solidifies on cooling.
When melted, it can be moulded into different shapes

Examples are: plastic cups, plastic plates, plastic chairs, plastic tables

Thermosets

Thermosets are the type of plastic which when subjected to heat, melts and cannot be reshaped again.
Once a thermoset is formed, it cannot be melted and reshaped like thermoplastics.

Examples of thermosets are: nylon bags, pen enclosure, thermoset containers like baby feeding bottles

Assignment:

· State 5 uses of plastic

· What is the similarity between Thermoplastics and thermosets

· What is the difference between Thermoplastics and thermosets

SECTION 2

Topic: GLASS

Specific objectives

By the end of this lesson, the students should be able to:


· Explain how glass are formed

· State uses of glass

· Name the properties of glass

GLASS

Glass is defined as a breakable hard object usually transparent or translucent made by fusion of sand
with soda and lime, at the temperature above 1200 degree Celsius, then allowing it to cool down
rapidly.

Note: Glass being transparent means that it allows light to pass through it and looking through it, you
can see object on the other side.

While

Glass being translucent means that it can allow light to pass through it but if you look through it,
you won’t be able to see clearly objects at the other side

Uses of glass

· Production of glass cups

· Production of glass plates


· Production of glass windows

· Production of tv/computer monitor

· Production of vehicle windscreen

· Production of glass tables etc

Properties of Glass

· Hard in nature

· Brittle (hard but can break easily)

· Always transparent or translucent

· It is an insulator (doesn’t conduct heat or electricity)

Note: the advantages of glass is that it looks beautiful and attractive to the eyes but when not handled
with care, it can break and give serious injuries to the person close by to it.

Assignment

· Write down any object made of glass around you


· When we say glass is transparent what does it mean

· When we say glass is brittle, what does it mean

END OF THE TERM

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