JSS 2 Basic Tech
JSS 2 Basic Tech
WEEKS
CONTENTS
3. RESCUE OPERATION
6. USES OF WOOD
7. USES OF METAL
8. TYPES OF METAL
9. USES OF CERAMICS
12. REVISION
Specific objectives
FIRST AID
This is defined as the immediate treatment given to an injured/ sick person to save life before taking
him/her to the hospital or before the arrival of the doctor.
The person that administers first aid to a casualty is known as the first aider.
Note: casualty is defined as a victim of accident. The person may be injured or dead.
This is the box that contains all the first aid materials used for administering first aid.
· Scissors: used for cutting out plasters, guaze and bandages to be used in administering first aid
· Safety pin: They are used to fix bandages and hold it in place.
· G.V (gentian violet): it has weak anti bacterial effects and helps your wound to heal faster.
· Hydrogen peroxide: used for preventing infection in your wound or minor cuts
Assignment:
· Define a casualty
Specific objectives:
Before a first aider administers first aid, he/she must observe the ABC of first aid and they are:
1. A (Airways): The First aider must clear the airways to create good ventilation to prevent the victim
from gasping for air.
2. B (Breathing): After clearing the first aider should check if the victim is still breathing to confirm if
he/she is still alive before administration of first aid.
3. C (Circulation): check the pulse of the victim to know if blood is still in circulation, this can be done by
holding the vein at the wrist or that of the neck.
The first aider must not endanger his/her life while trying to save others.
Soak a towel in a cool water (room temperature), rinse it a little and use the towel to cool down the
temperature of the patient. Give the patient water to prevent dehydration and then make preparations
on how to take him/her to the hospital.
Apply the ABC of first aid, if the victim is still breathing and blood is still circulating then give him/her
C.P.R (cardio pulmonary resuscitation) which means mouth to mouth respiration. Do it repeatedly to
yield results while making arrangements for the casualty to be taken to the hospital.
But….
If the unconscious victim is not breathing and there is no pulse, it signifies danger meaning that the
victim may be dead but still take him/her to the hospital for the doctor to confirm that.
Assignment:
WEEK 4
Specific Objectives
RESCUE OPERATION:
This is defined as the action put in place in order to save life and properties. Rescue operations require
high degree of training and are performed by rescue squads either independent or part of a large
organization like: police, military, fire service etc.
Tools used for rescue operation includes: ambulance, fire service truck, cutting tool used for vehicle
extrication, helicopter, rescue rope, rescue dog, first aid box etc.
DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF RESCUE OPERATIONS
· Mine rescue: This is the rescue operation that specializes in saving miners or people doing
underground work trapped and couldn’t find a way to escape.
· Cave Rescue: This rescue operation is carried out in order to save cave explorers who have lost
their ways and bring them back to the right track.
· Flood rescue: In flood event, rescue operations are put in place to save live and properties of
the people affected.
· Fire rescue: If fire accident should occur, rescue operations are put in place to save life and
prevent burning or choking of the people affected.
· Vehicle extrication: This is the process of removing a vehicle away from someone who has
been involved in a motor accident in order to save the life of the victim. If the situation is critical, the
vehicle can be cut into different parts using some sharp sophisticated equipment.
Assignment:
WEEK 5
Topic: RESCUE OPERATORS AND STEPS INVOLVED IN RESCUE OPERATIONS.
Specific Objectives: By the end of this lesson, the students should be able to:
RESCUE OPERATORS: They are recognized group of persons or organization who take part in saving life
and properties, they include:
i. Police Officers (ii). Road safety officers (iii). Fire service officers (iv). Red Cross (v). Military officers
(Army/Naval officers)
Police officers: They protect people and properties. They also control traffic to prevent congestion and
respond to emergency calls to save life.
Road safety officers: They educate drivers, motorist and general public on proper use of the high way
and also they give prompt attention to victims of accident.
Fire service: They extinguish fire, protect life and properties in the event of fire. They also rescue people
involved in road accident especially the one that may lead to fire outbreak.
Red Cross: This is a humanitarian movement whose best interest is to protect human life and alleviate
human suffering, also they specialize in administering first aid to accident victim.
Military officers (both Army and Naval officers): They protect the country from the invasion of the
enemy into the country. Sometimes their own lives are lost while trying to fight for their country
1. Work with time: try to assess the victim as quick as possible, if they are unconscious and immobile,
then administer ABC of first aid.
2. Secure the victim: use signage to prevent more injuries from affecting victims in road accident. In a
scenario where no signage can be found in an accident scene, we use grasses or tree branches to slow
down incoming vehicle
3. Transfer the victim: Immediately, the rescue team should start making contacts on how to transfer
the accident victims to the hospital especially when they are unconscious or badly injured.
1. Police officers
3. Naval officers
4. Red Cross
WEEK 6
Topic: MATERIALS AND THEIR COMMON USES: WOOD
Specific objectives: By the end of this lesson the students should be able to:
i Define wood
There are some materials commonly used in our day to day activities which helps us in one way or the
other.
Examples of these materials include: wood, metal, ceramics, rubber, plastics, glass etc.
WOOD: Wood is defined as porous and fibrous structural tissue found in the stems and roots of trees. In
our day to day activities, wood always play an important role and the following are some of its uses:
1. Home construction/building construction: Domestic houses made out of wood are still widely used.
Also in some buildings their interior roofing are made of wood. Likewise, in some building constructions,
bamboo wood are used for holding a building until it is firm to stand on its own.
2. Making kitchen utensils: Some kitchen utensils such as handles of spoons, pot handles, knife handles,
garri Turner etc are all made of wood because wood is an insulator which doesn’t allow heat to travel
through it.
3. Making musical instrument: Some of the local musical instruments like the gong, drums, xylophone,
flutes e.t.c are all made of wood.
4. Production of furniture: Some furniture found in our homes and offices are made of wood, examples:
tables, chairs, shelves, side stools, beds, doors, windows etc
5. Paper/tissue production: This is the best transformation of wood where by the wood is taken to a
milling machine, bleached to white colour and there by transformed into paper and tissue using other
sophisticated machine.
Note: fuel is defined as anything that is capable of burning. We have liquid fuel, gaseous fuel and solid
fuel. So, wood is a solid fuel normally used as firewood for cooking. Majority of the cooking with
firewood can be found in our villages.
Assignment
1. Define wood
WEEK 7
Topic: METALS
Specific objectives
· Define Metals
METALS
Metals are minerals found underground in rocks. They are known for it’s high electrical conductivity and
high heat conduction as well. Examples of these metals are probably already familiar with us and they
include: gold, tin, copper, iron, silver etc
· High electrical/heat conduction: It means that metal can conduct heat and electricity easily.
· Malleability: it means that metal can changed of beaten into different shapes
. Ductility: it means that metals can be drawn or stretched into wire without breaking
· Solid at room temperature: Metals will always remain solid at lower temperature but will melt when
subjected to high temperature. But there is only one metal that remains liquid even at room
temperature and it’s name is Mercury.
TYPES OF METALS
Ferrous metals
Alloy
FERROUS METALS
These are the types of metal that contains Iron, examples are: cast iron, wrought iron
They are those metals which do not contain iron and are not magnetic in nature. They are usually more
resistant to corrosion than ferrous metals.
· Aluminum
· Copper
· Lead
· Stainless steel
· Zinc
· Tin
· Gold
· Expensive to get
· Electrical cable(copper)
· Stainless steel is used for producing some metallic plates and spoons
ALLOY
An alloy is the combination of two or more metals OR combination of metal and other element which
are not metal.
· Steel: This contains 99% of iron and 1% carbon. They are used for the production of stronger
metals which may also be lighter in weight.
Uses of alloy
· Bronze is used for making ship propellers, modern musical instruments, bearings etc
· Brass are used for manufacturing metallic door handles, metallic fittings used for beautifying
our homes
· Steel is used for the production of ship, train and cars. Even some metallic electrical appliances
are made of steel
Characteristics of Alloy:
Assignment
· Define ferrous metal
· Define alloy
WEEK 8
Topic: CERAMICS
Specific objectives
· Define ceramics
Ceramics are usually made by the mixtures of clay, earthen element and water. There by shaping them
into desired form before fired in a kiln (heated chamber used for drying).
Then glazes are used for decorating the outer part of the ceramics making it look beautiful and
attractive.
Examples of ceramics
· Earthen ware: they are usually fired at the temperature below 1200 degree Celsius. They may
be glazed or ungrazed e.g local clay pots, clay plates
· Porcelain: This type of ceramics are heated between the temperature of 1200 degree Celsius
and 1400 degree Celsius. It is very strong and tough when compared to earthenware e.g modern glazed
plates, water jars, spoons, cups, tiles etc
· Bricks: This is a building material used for making walls and pavement. It is made with the
combination of clay, lime and some concrete materials
Uses of ceramics
Assignment:
· Write out 5 things you can find at home made of ceramics and it’s uses
WEEK 9
Topic: RUBBER
Specific objectives
· Define rubber
· Explain the 2 main types of rubber
RUBBER
This is an elastic material which are made naturally from the latex of a particular tropical tree or
artificially from the by products of petroleum
· Artificial rubber
· Natural Rubber: this type of rubber is gotten from the latex of a tree. The latex is normally sticky and
has a milky colour. When a cut is made on the tree it brings out the latex.
Note: the name of the rubber tree is known as “Hevea brasiliensis” found mainly in India.
· Synthetic Rubber: This is an artificial rubber gotten from the combination of petroleum by products or
polymerization of petroleum by products.
CHARACTERISTICS OF RUBBER
· It is a shock absorber
USES OF RUBBER
· Production of balloons
Assignment
Specific objectives
· Define a plastic
PLASTICS
This is a synthetic materials also gotten from the by products of petroleum which can be moulded into
different shapes.
1. Thermoplastics. 2. Thermosets
Thermoplastics
This is the type of plastic which when subjected to a certain temperature, melts and solidifies on cooling.
When melted, it can be moulded into different shapes
Examples are: plastic cups, plastic plates, plastic chairs, plastic tables
Thermosets
Thermosets are the type of plastic which when subjected to heat, melts and cannot be reshaped again.
Once a thermoset is formed, it cannot be melted and reshaped like thermoplastics.
Examples of thermosets are: nylon bags, pen enclosure, thermoset containers like baby feeding bottles
Assignment:
SECTION 2
Topic: GLASS
Specific objectives
GLASS
Glass is defined as a breakable hard object usually transparent or translucent made by fusion of sand
with soda and lime, at the temperature above 1200 degree Celsius, then allowing it to cool down
rapidly.
Note: Glass being transparent means that it allows light to pass through it and looking through it, you
can see object on the other side.
While
Glass being translucent means that it can allow light to pass through it but if you look through it,
you won’t be able to see clearly objects at the other side
Uses of glass
Properties of Glass
· Hard in nature
Note: the advantages of glass is that it looks beautiful and attractive to the eyes but when not handled
with care, it can break and give serious injuries to the person close by to it.
Assignment