JSS 1 BASIC TECHNOLOGY FOR THIRD TERM

JSS1 THIRD TERM SCHEME OF WORK

WKS. TOPIC

1. RESUMPTION AND COMPOUND CLEANING

2.First Aid

i. Definition of First aid

ii. First aid box and materials

iii. Application of simple first aid

3. Geometrical Construction (1):

Lines

i. Identification of Lines

ii. Construction of Lines

iii. Bisection of Lines

iv. Division of Lines.

4. Geometrical Construction (2):

Angles

i. Identification of Angles

ii. Construction of angles. E.g. 300, 450, 600, 90, 1200

iii. Bisection of angles

5. Simple Blue Print Reading

i. Interpreting simple building plans.

ii. Electrical symbols, and

iii. Architectural symbols

6. Properties of Materials (1): Wood and Metals

i. Wood: Identification by colour e.g. afara, mahogany, obeche, opepe

ii. Metals:- Identification by physical properties e.g. luster, density

7. MID-TERM BREAK

8. Properties of Materials (2): Ceramics, Plastics, and Rubber

i. Ceramics:- Types-bricks, tiles, bottles, pots etc.

ii. Plastics/Rubber:- Identification by physical properties

9/10 Revision

11. Examination

JSS1 THIRD TERM BASIC TECHNOLOGY

WEEK2

TOPIC: SAFETY
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: By the end of this lesson, JSS1 students should be able to:

Define first aid.

Name at least five conditions that may require first aid treatment.

Explain first aid box.

List at least five (5) materials contained in the first aid box.

Describe the procedure involve in mouth-to-mouth method of artificial respiration.

SAFETY

FIRST AID

First aid is a simple emergency medical treatment given to someone who is ill or injured before a more
thorough medical treatment by a medical doctor is available. First aid is only meant to be a temporary
measure until skilled assistance can be obtained. It involves calming and reassuring the victim as well as
caring for his physical needs. First aid which is timely and properly administered can prevent loss of life
of the victim, provide relief from pain being suffered by the injured person, and may stops or reduces
the worsening of the condition of the victim. First aid treatment is administered with the help of first aid
kit. The first aid kit items are usually stored in a first aid box.

CONDITIONS REQUIRING FIRST AID:

The conditions which may require first aid treatment are many though some of the common ones are:

Burns

Electric shock

Food poisoning

Extreme fever
Drug overdose

Insect sting

Animal bite

Serious body pain

Fainting/Coma

Fractures and sprains

Motor accidents

Severe bleeding

Serious injuries

Seizures of epilepsy

Asthmatic attack

Suffocation due to drowning, gas, poisoning, smoke etc.

IMPORTANCE OF FIRST AID.

First aid which is timely and properly administered provides the following benefits:

First can prevent loss of life of the patient

It provide relief from pain being suffered by the ill or injured.

It stops or reduces the worsening of the condition of the patient.

It improves the patient pulse rate, breathing rate and temperature.

FIRST AID BOX AND MATERIALS.

First aid box is a box where materials used for first aid treatment are kept. The materials found in a first
aid box may be grouped into equipment, instruments, dressings, and medications. It is mandatory for
every school, factory or workshop to have and maintain a first aid box.

The content of a standard first aid box should include some of these essential materials:
First aid record book

Sterilized dressing

Sterilized cotton wool

A pair of scissors

Clinical thermometer

Adhesive plasters

Anesthetic spray

Embrocation ointment

Antiseptic

Bandages

Iodine

Forceps

Tweezers

Splint Etc

APPLICATION OF SIMPLE FIRST AID.

In carrying out first aid treatment in an event of emergency, it is proper to note that there are certain
things that should be done and not to be done.

Things That Should Be Done:

First and foremost, call or notify a trained medical personnel. If you are a student in school, notify your
teacher (or the school infirmarian) who will then contact a medical personnel. In some cases, the
medical personnel may be far away but on being notified, he can give direct instruction on what should
be done while waiting for his arrival.
Ascertain the safety of the victim in his immediate environment to be sure that his life is not endangered
in anyway.

Observe the victim carefully to ascertain whether a life-threatening condition such as obstruction of the
airways, absence of breathing or absence of blood circulation exist with the victim.

Observe the victim for any noticeable external bleeding and lightly feel around the victim’s body to
determine if there are noticeable broken bones.

Carefully scrutinize the victim for any injuries in or around the head, eye, nose or ear.

While examining the victim, try to calm and reassure him by telling him what first aid measures you are
going to take and how they will help him.

Resuscitate the victim by applying artificial respiration if breathing has stopped. This can be done by
mouth to mouth artificial respiration. However, this is better done by a trained person.

In case professional help is far away or unlikely to arrive, gently and carefully move the victim to the
hospital.

Things That Should Not Be Done:

Do not stand by lamenting the victim’s fate rather get help for him since your lamentation is of no help
to victim’s condition.

Do not administer any drug to the victim except a qualified medical personnel has told you to do so and
in such a case, follow the recommended dosage.

In the event of electric shock, do not touch the victim until you have switch off the electric current.

If the victim is unconscious, do not attempt to rouse him by shaking him. Keep him lying down. Do not
try to give him any liquids.

Do not move a victim of injury except it is absolutely important and it has been determined that it is safe
to do so. This is to avoid the movement of the body parts from resulting in intense body pains or in an
irreversible paralysis.

A victim who may have a head injury, a back injury, or a fracture of the thigh, leg, arm, or pelvis should
not be transported sitting up in a car. He should be kept lying down with the injured part immobilized.

Mouth –To- Mouth Artificial Respiration Procedure:

Move the victim out of danger if necessary. Loosen his clothes that might interfere with breathing.
Lay the victim on his back, bring his chin forward and up. This will clear the air passage for breathing of
the victim.

Hold the victim’s nose firmly between your four fingers.

Take a very deep breath, place your mouth against his mouth and form an air-tight seal.

Blow air gently into his lungs until his chest expands.

Remove your mouth and watch for the contraction of his chest.

When exhalation is complete, repeat the procedure until breathing returns to normal.

EVALUATION QUESTIONS

Answer the following questions:

What is first aid treatment?

Name any five (5) conditions that may require first aid treatment.

What is first aid box?

List out at least five items found in the first aid box.

Describe how a mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration is performed.

WEEK 3

GEOMETRICAL CONSTRUCTIONS (1): LINES

Specific Objectives: By the end of this lesson, the students should be able to:

i. Define a line.
ii. Name and identify different types of lines used in technical drawing.

iii. Bisect a given line.

iv. Divide a given line into equal parts

LINES:

A line is a long narrow mark made on a surface joining two points. A line has position and length, but has
no width or thickness. It maybe straight, curve or crooked. A straight line is the shortest distance
between any two points.

Ordinarily, straight lines include:

i. Horizontal lines

ii. Vertical lines

iii. Inclined lines

iv. Parallel lines

v. Perpendicular lines

vi. Transversal lines.

TYPES AND USES OF LINES:

The following lines are the types of lines which are most often used in technical drawing:

I. Thick Continuous Line: It is the prominent line on drawings. It is used for visible outlines,
edges, and border/margin lines on the drawing paper. The ideal pencil for drawing thick continuous lines
is a well-sharpened HB or 2H pencil

II. Thin Continuous line: It is used for construction lines, dimension lines, projection lines,
extension lines, and for hatching. The ideal pencil for drawing thin continuous lines is 3H, 4H, or
preferably harder pencils.

III. Thick long Chain Lines: Thick long chain lines are used for viewing planes and cutting planes.

IV. Thin Long Chain Lines: Thin long chain lines are used for center lines, path lines, pitch circle,
and extreme position of movable parts. They may also be used for cutting planes and for viewing planes.

V. Thin Continuous Lines with Arrow Heads: Thin continuous lines with arrow heads are used
for dimension or to indicate labelled parts.

VI. Thin Short Dashes: Thin short dashes are used for hidden details, edges, or borders. _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

VII. Thin Continuous Irregular/Wavy Lines: Thin Continuous Irregular/Wavy Lines are used
represent the limits of partial views or sections when the line is not an axle.

VIII. Thick Continuous Irregular/Wavy Lines: These lines are used for irregular boundaries or short
break lines.
IX. Thin Ruled Lines with Short Zig-Zags: These lines are used for long break lines.

BISECTION OF LINES:

Bisection is the process of dividing into two equal parts. Thus, to bisect a line is to divide it into two
equal parts. While the line which divides another line or angle into two equal parts is called a bisector.

How to Bisect a Given Line:

i. Using a rule, draw the given line AB to the required length.

ii. With the compass pin at A, and any convenient radius greater than half of line AB, draw an
arc on both sides of AB at point C and D respectively.

iii. With the compass pin at B, and the same radius as in step (ii), draw an arc on both sides of
line AB to intersect the other arcs drawn in step (ii) at point C and D respectively.

iv. Using a rule, join point C to D. Line CD will intersect line AB at E. Line CD is the bisector while
line AE=EB.

Bisecting a line

DIVISION OF LINES

1. Dividing a Line into Equal Parts:

i. Using a rule, draw the given line AB to be divided into equal parts.

ii. At any convenient acute angle to line AB, draw line AC to any length of your choice.

iii. Starting from point A, divide line AC into the required number of equal parts and label the
points as 1, 2, 3, 4…..

iv. Join the last point on AC to point B with a straight line.

v. Using a 30o/60o set-square with the aid of a Tee-square, draw lines from the points 1, 2, 3,
4….. parallel to the one drawn in step (iv) earlier.

Example: Divide a straight line of 8cm into 6 equal parts.

Dividing a line into equal parts,

2. Dividing a Line to a Given Proportion:

i. Draw the given straight line AB.

ii. At any convenient acute angle to line AB, draw line AC to any convenient length.

iii. Supposing the line is to be divided in a ratio of 3:6:2, with compass pin at point A and any
convenient radius, mark off 11 (i.e. 3+ 6+ 2 = 11) equal parts on line AC.

iv. Join the last point (i.e. the 11th point in this case) on line AC to point B.
v. With straight lines parallel to line 11B drawn in step (iv), join point 9 (i.e. 3+6=9) to line AB
and then point 3 (i.e. 0+3=3) to line AB. With this, line AB is now divided proportionally in a ratio of
3:6:2.

Evaluation Questions: Answer the following questions:

i. What is a line?

ii. Name any five types of lines used in technical drawing.

iii. Draw a horizontal line AB 7cm long and bisect it.

iv. Draw a horizontal line 9cm and divide it into six(6) equal parts

WEEK 4

Topic: GEOMETRICAL CONSTRUCTIONS (2): ANGLES

Specific Objectives: By the end of this class, students should be able to:

Define an angle

Name different types of angles

Bisect any given angle

Construct any of these angles; 300, 450, 600, 900, and 1200

ANGLES:
An angle is a space between two straight lines or surfaces that meet or intersect each other at a point.
The meeting point of the arms of the angle is called the vertex. The unit of measurement for angles is
the degree (o) e.g 66o. The instrument used for measuring angles is the protractor.

TYPES OF ANGLES:

Right angle: It is an angle produced when two perpendicular lines meet or intersect each other. It is
exactly 90o: This is the same as the angle subtended at the center of a circle by a quadrant of a circle.

Acute Angle: It is an angle which is less than 90o.

Obtuse Angle: It is an angle which is greater than 90o, but less than 180o

Reflex Angle: It is an angle which is greater than 180o but less than 360o.

Straight or Line Angle: It is an angle which is exactly 180o.

Revolution: A revolution is an angle of 360o. This is the angle in a circle.

WEEK5

PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS: WOOD AND METALS

Specific Objectives: By the end of this lesson, students should be able to:

i. Name the two types of wood

ii. State some qualities/properties of wood

iii. Enumerate some features seen in a cross-section of wood

iv. Differentiate ferrous metals from non-ferrous metals

v. State different physical properties of metals

CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS:

Engineering materials are those substances from which other things are manufactured or produced.
Engineering materials are basically classified into two: That is into metallic and non-metallic materials.

E.g. Cast iron E.g. copper E.g.wood E.g. nylon

Wrought iron zinc Stone plastic

Pig iron Aluminum Sand ceramics

Carbon steel tin, water cement

Stainless steel silver leather zinc

Etc gold etc rubber etc

lead Cotton

Wool
IDENTIFICATION OF WOOD:

Wood is one of the oldest engineering materials supplied by nature. Wood has the following qualities:

1. Wood is light in weight.

2. Wood is strong.

3. Wood is relatively cheap.

4. Wood is easy to work upon.

5. Wood is variable in term of strength and durability.

6. Wood is good heat and sound insulator.

7. Wood the least polluting effect when being processed.

Types of wood:

There are two types of wood:

1. Hardwood or deciduous trees: Hardwood are obtained from deciduous trees (that is tree with broad
leaves). They are dicotyledonous and their seeds are enclosed in their seed cases. They are also darker in
colour, heavier and difficult to work upon. Hard wood trees are mostly grown in tropical regions (hotter
regions) of the world such as Nigeria. Some example of hard wood trees are: Iroko, Afara, Obeche,
Mahogany, Balsa, Beech, Agba, etc. Ekki is the hardest wood known and sometimes it’s referred to as
iron wood because it cannot be nailed through.

2. Softwood or conifers: Softwood are obtained from coniferous trees. That is from trees with narrow
or needle-like leaves. They are monocotyledons and usually bear their seeds naked. Unlike hard wood,
they do not shed their leaves. Soft wood are also light in weight and easy to work upon. Softwood trees
are mostly grown in temperate regions (that is cooler region) of the world. Examples of soft wood trees
include larch, yew, spruce, deal, red wood, pine, red cedar etc.

The Structure of Wood:

Wood is gotten from the stem or trunk of a tree. A tree has five main parts, namely, the roots, stem or
trunk, branches, leaves, and the bark.

WEEK6

PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS: CERAMICS, PLASTICS, AND RUBBER

Name the raw materials each for making ceramics, plastics, and rubber.

State at least three properties each of ceramics, plastics, and rubber.

Name the two types of plastics.

Identify the two types of rubber.

Give one major difference between plastics and rubber.

IDENTIFICATION OF CERAMICS:

Ceramics are solid articles that are produced from clay, mud, cement, or glass. Clay is the most common
of all the ceramic minerals. Thus, the term ceramics is simply means making articles with clay.
Ceramic materials are easily identified by the fact that they are brittle; that is, they can break or crack
easily.

Ceramic Materials: In technology, ceramic products are grouped into:

Clay Ceramic Products- These include clay pots, tea cups, bricks, blocks, floor and wall tiles, ovens, art
pottery and kitchen and sanitary wares etc.

Glass Ceramic Products- These include bottles, lenses, mirrors, window panes, bulbs, flasks, and glass
tubes loaves etc

Cement Ceramic Products- some example are cement blocks, concrete, plaster and mortal etc.

Refractories: Refractories are clay ceramic products used for oven and furnace linings. Refractory
ceramics can withstand very high temperatures without breaking or melting.

Properties of Ceramics:

Ceramics can withstand very high temperatures.

They have high insulating property.

They can withstand chemical effect that is they are corrosion resistant.

They have shiny surface.

They can withstand heavy compressive load.

They are very brittle in nature. That is, they can crack or break easily when dropped. This particular
property of ceramic is undesirable.

IDENTIFICATION OF PLASTICS:

Plastics are synthetic materials obtained from petroleum products. The word plastics originated from
the Latin word “plasticus” which means, “that which can be shaped or moulded”.

Types of Plastics:
Plastics are classified into two main types: (a) thermoplastics (b) thermosetting plastics.

Thermoplastics: Thermoplastics are plastics which can melt whenever they are subjected to heat. When
heated, they became soft and flow like liquid and they can be remoulded. Examples of thermoplastic
products are plastic cups, plates, buckets, bowls, basins, jerry cans use for domestic purposes, and
crates for use in breweries.

Thermosetting Plastics/Thermosets: These are plastics which do not melt when subjected to heat. They
cannot be remelted or remoulded, instead they can burn when heated. The main advantage they have
over thermoplastics is that they cannot be readily dissolved in solvents and they are harder.

Examples of thermosets are:

TV, telephone, and radio parts.

Plastic handles of cooking utensils e.g. pots and knives.

Plastic part of automobiles.

Plastic buttons of dresses.

Electrical fitting e.g. switches, plugs, sockets.

Plastic handles of screwdrivers.

Properties of Plastics:

Plastics are light in weight.

Plastics do not rust.

They are good electrical insulators. That is they are very poor conductors of heat and electricity.

They are generally unstable at high temperatures.

They can change colour if exposed to sunlight for a long time.

Plastic do not decay even when they are buried in the soil.

IDENTIFICATION OF RUBBERS:
Rubber can be defined as a material which can be stretched or compressed, but can return to their
original length and shape when the applied force is removed. Rubber differs from plastics because
rubber is more elastic.

Types of Rubber:

There are two types of rubbers: (a) Natural rubber and (b) synthetic rubber.

Natural rubber: This type of rubber is made from a milky liquid called rubber latex. This liquid is
obtained from rubber trees. Natural rubber is flexible, but has a poor resistance to abrasion.

Synthetic rubber: Synthetic rubber is manufactured from organic compounds, which are petroleum bye
products. It has a poor flexibility, but a very high resistance to abrasive.

Properties of Rubber:

Rubbers are good electrical insulators.

They are lighter than water and hence can float when immersed in water.

They do not rust or corrode.

They are good shock-absorbers.

They are generally flexible.

Rubbers are highly elastic.

Elasticity is the property of a material which enables it to return to its original shape or length after
being stretched or compressed.

Evaluation Questions: Answer the following questions.

Name the raw material for making each of the following: ceramics, plastics, and rubber.
State at least three properties of ceramics, plastics, and rubber respectively.

Name the two types of plastics.

What are the two types of rubber?

Give one major difference between plastics and rubber

WEEK 7- 8

SIMPLE BLUE PRINT READING

Blue print is the original approved master plan of a building where all the details about the structure is
properly laid out. Blue prints are also known as working drawings which are developed by architects to
show the exact representation of a building. The blue print is made up of the following details:

(i) Site plan (ii) floor plan (ii) elevations (iv) section plans (v) roof plan (vi) windows and door dimension
plan (vii) structural plans (viii) electrical plans (ix) sanitary plans (x) firefighting plans etc

In towns and cities it is expected that before any building or structure is put up, the working drawing
must be produced first. These drawings are taken to the town planning office for approval. After the
approval has been obtained, the builder can then go ahead to build. Failure to get the approval from the
appropriate authority can attract sanctions including demolition of the erected building.

PLAN READING AND INTERPRETATION

Your ability to read and interpret the blue print will help you in setting up a building. For easy
understanding and reading of the plan, legend is used. It is usually situated at the bottom of the building
plan. The legend contains the scale used in drawing the building plan (eg 1:100). It also contains the
architect’s name, company’s name, the name of the client, the date the building plan was drawn etc.

Key to understanding and interpreting simple building plan is the language of lines, codes, and symbols
which are universally known.

END OF THE TERM