NEW GENERATION UNIVERSITY COLLEGE NEKEMTE CAMPUS

DEPARTEMENT OF NURSING

ASSESEMENT OF THE AWARENESS AND UTILIZATION OF INSECTCIDE

TREATED BED NET AMONG PREGNANT MOTHERS ATTENDING ANTE
NATAL CARE AT WURH NEKEMTE ETHIOPIA,2024

PROPOSED BY; EDILE HABTAMU ID,NO 33673

RESEARCH PROPOSAL SUBMITED TO NEW GENERATION UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE FACULTY OF HEALTH SCINCE AND DEPARTMENTOF BSC
NURSING

JUN.2024 G.C
NEKEMTE , ETHIOPIA
 .

WOLAITA SODO UNIVERSITY

COLLAGE OF MEDICENE AND HEALTH SCINCE
SCHOOL/DEPARTEMENT OF MIDWIFERY

A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL/ DEPARTEMENT

OF UNDERGRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL
FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR BACHELOR
OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN MIDWIFERY

Principal investigator:Temesgen Bati(MPH),Timket (BSC Midw)

School: Nursing and Midwifery.

Department/ unit: Midwifery

ADVISOR: NAME DATE SIGNATURE

Ato.Temesgen Bati (MPH) ---------------------- ----------------------

MARCH 2016 G.C

Table3 of Contents Page

Table of content-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

i
LIST OF Tables.......................................................................................................................................iii
List of Appendexes……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………iv
List of Accroniums…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….v
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………vi
CHAPTER ONE....................................................................................................................................3
1.................................................................................................................................INTRODUCTION
...............................................................................................................................................................3

1.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION................................................................................................3

1.2 STETMENT OF THE PROBLEM..................................................................................................4

CHAPTER TWO.......................................................................................................................................6
2. LITRATURE REVIEW AND SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY...........................................................................6

2.1 Literature review.....................................................................................................................6

2.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY....................................................................................................7
CHAPTER THREE....................................................................................................................................9
3. OBJECTIVES........................................................................................................................................9

3.1GENERAL OBJECTIVE.........................................................................................................................9
3.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE.........................................................................................................................9
CHAPTER FOUR....................................................................................................................................10
4. METHEDOLOGY...............................................................................................................................10

4.1 STUDY DESIGN.......................................................................................................................10

4.2 STUDY AREA AND PERIOD......................................................................................................10
4.3 POPULATION …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...8

4.3.1 SOURCE POPULATION...........................................................................................................8

4.3.2 STUDY POPULATION.............................................................................................................8
4.3.3 SAMPLE POPULATION.........................................................................................................11
4.4 SAMPLING TECHNIQUE..........................................................................................................11
4.5 SAMPLING SIZE DETERMINATION..........................................................................................11
4.6study variable………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..9

4.7 MEASURMENTS...........................................................................................................................120

i
4.7.1 DATA COLLECTION INTRUNMENT.............................................................................................120
4.7.2 DATA collection.................................................................................................................130
4.7.3 DATA collectors.................................................................................................................130
4.7.4 Data collection and procesing ..........................................................................................131
4.7.5 Data quality assurance......................................................................................................141
4.7.6 Operational defination ………………………………………………………………………………………………….11

4.7.7 Inclusion criteria………………………………………………………………………………………………………………12

4.7.8 Exlusion criteria……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….12

4.7.9 ethical concideration……………………………………………………………………………………………………….12

4.7.10 Beneficary and benfit of the study………………………………………………………………………………….12

4.7.11 Disimination and utilization of the result…………………………………………………………………………13

Chapter Five
5.work plan……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..13
Chapter six

6 budget proposal……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………14

6.1 personal cost……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………15

6.2 stationary budget………………………………………………………………………………………………………………15

References……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………21
ANNEX I.................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.3
ANNEX II..............................................................................................................................................25
QUESTIONNAIRE- ENGLISH VERSION...................................................................................................26

Declaraton……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….29

ii

List of table

Table I: Knowledge of respondents regards to number of ANC visit in durame town, kembata
tembaro zone, SNNPR, 2008 E.C. --------------------------------------------------------------------17

Table II: Pregnant mother with their time of starting antenatal care in durame town kembata
tembaro zone, SNNPR, 2008 E.C. --------------------------------------------------------------------19

Table III: Association of age and ANC practice of respondents in durame town kembata
tembaro zone, SNNPR, 2008 E.C. -------------------------------------------------------------------19

Table IV: Association of educational statues of respondents with ANC practice in durame
town kembata tembaro zone, SNNPR, 2008 E.C. --------------------------------------------------20

Table V: Association of monthly income with ANC practice of respondents in durame town,
kembata tembaro zone, SNNPR, 2008 E.C. --------------------------------------------------------20

Table VI: Association of job of respondents with ANC practice in durame town, kembata
tembaro zone, SNNPR, 2008 E.C. --------------------------------------------------------------------21
Table VII: Association of number of children they have with ANC practice in durame town,
kembata tembaro zone, SNNPR, 2008 E.C. ---------------------------------------------------------21

Table VIII: Association distance from health institution and practice of ANC in durame town,
kembata tembaro zone, SNNPR, 2008 E.C. ---------------------------------------------------------22

Table IX: Association of knowledge of respondent with practice of ANC in durame town,
kembata tembaro zone, SNNPR, 2008 E.C. ---------------------------------------------------------22

Table X: Socio demographic characteristics of respondents in durame town, kembata tembaro

zone, SNNPR, 2008 E.C. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------29

iii

LIST OF ANEXES,
APPENDEX I SOCIODEMOGRAFIC CHARACTERSTICS………………………….

APPENDEX II QUESTIONNAIRE……………………………………………................
 LIST OF ACRONYM

ANC Antenatal care

BP Blood pressure
CS cesarean section
E.C Ethiopian calendar
G.C Gregorian calendar
HDP Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy
Hgb Hemoglobin
KAP knowledge attitude and practice
KM kilometer
MCH maternal and child health
ML milliliter
MMR maternal mortality rate
MPH masters in public health
MSC Master of Science
PPH post partum hemorrhage
RPC retained placental cotyledon
STD’s sexually transmitted disease
UTI urinary tract infection
WHO world health organization
 ABSTRACT

Antenatal care is a general and medical care given to pregnant women during pregnancy. The
service include dietary and life style advice , examination of weight gain and blood pressure ,
and addressing any other problems of pregnancy.ANC can play a role in identifying danger
sign or predicting complications during delivery by screening for risk factors and arranging
for appropriate delivery care. ANC is potentially one of the most effective health intervention
program for preventing maternal morbidity and mortality particularly in a place where the
general health status of the community is poor.
The objective of this study is to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of pregnant women
toward antenatal care in Durame town, kembata tembaro zone, SNNPR, 2008 E.C.
Descriptive, cross sectional community based study will be conducted in pregnant women
that are selected by stratified sampling technique in Durame town. The data will be collected
systematically by finding pregnant women in each kebelle by distributing structured
questionnaires. . .
 CHAPTER ONE

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Antenatal care also known as prenatal care is a medical and general care given to pregnant
women during pregnancy. It consists of routine care that should be given to pregnant women
to ensure safe and healthy deliveries. The services include dietary and life style advices,
examination of weight gain and blood pressure, and addressing any other problems of
pregnancy. (1&2).ANC is an integral component of maternal and child health (MCH) as a
part of global strategies for achieving health for all. (3).
ANC is not specific to women with prior medical problems. Women’s health and behavior is
affected during pregnancy. This in turn affects the condition of the baby. Poor diet, excessive
work load and illness like malaria can hold back the development of the fetus. Hence, a
pregnant woman requires regular health check up by trained medical service provided to
regularly monitoring her condition. (4).
Major activities during ANC visit include hemoglobin (Hgb) measurement to correct
anemia, BP measurement to detect hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and venereal
disease research laboratory (VDRL) for treatment of sexually transmitted disease (STD) and
urine analysis for detection of urinary tract infection (UTI) and HDP, and blood film for
detection of malaria and other infections and parasitic disease and immunization against
tetanus. (5 & 6).
ANC can also play a role in identifying danger signs or predicting complication around
delivery by screening for risk factors and arranging for appropriate delivery care when
indicated. Risk assessment has proven most useful in the prediction of obstructed labor based
on high and poor obstetric history (like caesarian section (CS), still birth). A history of
previous post partum hemorrhage (PPH) or retained placental cotyledon (RPC) may be
indicative of a woman at a risk of PPH. All mothers encouraged to registers for ANC as soon
as they know they are pregnant. ANC clinic can healed in hospital, heath center, private clinic
and health post. (7 & 8).
ANC care is more beneficial in preventing adverse pregnancy out comes when received early
in the pregnancy and continued throughout delivery. Early detection of problems in
pregnancy held to make timely referral for women in high risk categories or with
complications, this is particularly true in Ethiopia, where three quarter of population live in
rural areas and where physical barriers pose challenge to providing health care. ANC is
essential for assessing the quality of ANC services. Pregnancy complications are the primary
source of maternal and child mortality. Therefore, pregnant women should routinely receive
information on the signs of complication and tested for them at all ANC visit. To help assess
the quality of ANC services respondents were asked whether they had been advised of
complication or receives certain screening test during at least one of their ANC visits. (9, 10
& 11).
There is very huge risk difference among pregnant women in developing and industrialized
or developed countries. ANC is potentially one of the most effective health intervention
program for preventing maternal morbidity and mortality particularly in place where the
general health status of the women is poor. (12).
The world health organization (WHO) currently recommends antenatal visit which are more
target oriented. The pregnant woman is expected to have at least four visits. The first visit by
the end of the fourth month, the second visit is between 24 to 28 weeks. The third visit at 36
week and the fourth visit at 36 weeks. But, frequent visits are required for mothers having
pregnancy risks. (7).
1.2 STETMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Globally one woman dies each minute as a result of pregnancy related complications. Every
year more than 200 million women became pregnant. For an estimated 585,000 women each
year, the complications of pregnancy are fatal. (13 & 14).
WHO, estimates that about 300 million women in the developing countries suffer from short
and long term illness due to complications related to pregnancy and child birth. About
529,000 mothers die each year from maternal causes out of which 99% of death from the
developing world. About 75% of maternal deaths are due to delivery obstetric complication
such as hemorrhage, sepsis, HDP, obstructed labour and prolonged labour and unsafe
abortion. (15)
In Ethiopia the level of maternal mortality and morbidity are among the highest in the world
and the current estimate of maternal mortality rate(MMR) is 676 per 100,000 live birth and it
is reported that maternal death account for 29.6% of all death.(11)
There is regional variation in ANC utilization rate. Basically, it is due to difference in
availability of health care facility among the region. During 2000-2010 G.C ANC coverage
rates for one visit and four visits for the whole of Africa was 74% and 44% respectively. But
it is 97% for both visits in developed countries. (16 &17)
ANC coverage of Ethiopia is 33.9%. Who received from skilled providers, that is from
doctors, nurses and mid wife. In SNNPR, pregnant women’s who received ANC from skilled
provider is 27.3% from which 45.5% of pregnant mothers who received ANC are from urban
area and 14.4% are from rural area.(15 &19).
There are five major cause of maternal mortality in our country. From this four of them are
due to pregnancy and pregnancy related complications (5). This complication can be due to
lack of ANC follow up. There are multiple factors that hinder the mother not to start ANC
follow up. So, the main aim of our research is to identify this factor and to recommend
responsible persons or stake holders.

CHAPTER TWO

2. LITRATURE REVIEW AND SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

2.1 Literature review

Safe motherhood is universally accepted as imperative by all governments and it should

ensure that all women receive the care they need to be safe and healthy throughout pregnancy
and child birth. It is generally assumed that safe motherhood ends with healthy mother and
baby. (20).
Accessibility of health service has been shown to be an important determinant of utilization
of health service in developing countries. In most rural areas in Africa, one in three women
lives more than five kilometers from the nearest health facility. (21).
There is large difference in the use of ANC in urban and rural women. It is 76% in urban area
while, 26.4% in rural. Regional difference in the use of ANC is quite significant. 93.6% of
mothers in Addis Ababa are receiving the service from skilled providers as compared with
21.5% of mothers in Somalia region. (15). This large difference in urban and rural area may
be due to lack or shortage of health institutions and skilled providers, in accessibility of
health institutions nearby to the society, shortage of transport facility, difference in awareness
of mothers in urban and rural area and economic statues of the society.
A research conducted in Jimma town indicates that, a total of 307 women who were pregnant
for 6 month and above founding during the study period were all enrolled giving a response
rate of 100%. The mean age study subject was 25.9 years with the maximum and minimum
age being 40 and 15 years respectively.ANC utilization in this study is 90.6%. (22).
The use of ANC also strongly related with the mothers level of education. 90.9% of mothers
received ANC who have educated more than secondary school, 85.5% of mothers who
educated secondary school, and 45.5% of mothers who educated primary school and 25.1%
are illiterate. (15). So this shows that as the mother educated the usage of ANC service
increase.
A research conducted in metekel zone, North West Ethiopia indicated that, of 1060 sampled
mothers, data were collected from 1038 mothers giving respondent rate of 97.9%. Five
hundred seventeen (49.8) of the respondent has at least one visit during the pregnancy of their
last deliveries. Five hundredtwenty one (50.2%) are non users, of them lack of awareness
accounting 51.4% and absence of health problem during pregnancy accounting 49.9%
(23).This research showed that the main factors that hinder ANC utilizations are lack of
awareness and lack of medical complication during pregnancy.
Data were collected from 1038 mothers showed that 681(65.6) of mothers have knowledge
on ANC. Of them 73.4% receive ANC and 26.6% who didn’t receive ANC. 357(34.4%) of
mother have no knowledge about ANC. But, 4.8% of them receive ANC and 95.2% who
didn’t receive ANC. (23). This shows that knowledge on affects mother’s utilization of the
care.
A research conducted in yam specialwereda, south eastern Ethiopia shows that, data on ANC
were collected from 627 mothers making response rate of 93.6%. One hundred seventy nine
(28.5%) were reported to have received ANC at least once during their last pregnancy.
A study in India shows that only 27.6% women without antenatal care follow up prefer

institutional delivery compared to higher percentage (51.7%) women who had antenatal care

follow up (24).

2.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

Provision of ANC service for pregnant mother is important to prevent early and late
pregnancy complications, to provide vaccination and other medical services for the mother
and to prevent maternal and child mortality. Even though, Ethiopian government has made
the service free of charge but its utilization is very low.
This study is conducted to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of pregnant mother toward
ANC; and the gap between the knowledge they have and the practice they act on ANC. If the
mother have good knowledge and attitude, we simply prevent and decries maternal and child
morbidity and mortality.
This research will be conducted to provide a base line data for further reference,
source of information for health survey and base line data for health institution in ANC.
 CHAPTER THREE

3. OBJECTIVES

3.1 GENERAL OBJECTIVE

 To assess knowledge, attitude and practice of pregnant women toward antenatal care in
durame town, kembata tembaro zone, Ethiopia, 2005 E.C.

3.2SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE

To assess knowledge of pregnant mother’s toward antenatal care in durame town.

To assess attitude towards ANC of pregnant mother's toward antenatal care in durame town.
To assess practice of pregnant mother's on antenatal care in durametown.
 CHAPTER FOUR

4. METHEDOLOGY

4.1 STUDY DESIGN

Quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional community based study will be conducted in

durame town. The data will be systematically collected from selected pregnant women in
each kebelle to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of pregnant women’s toward ANC
from February 15 to March 23, 2008E.C. Oral consent will be taken from respondents before
distributing questionnaires. The data will be analyzed using SPSS v 16.0 soft ware, scientific
calculators and will be presented by tables and graphs.

4.2 STUDY AREA AND PERIOD

Study will be conducted in the durame town, which is the center of administration of
Kembata Tembaro zone. Durame town is found in SNNPR, Ethiopia. It is located at 350
kilo meter south of A.A and 125 kilo meter south west of Hawassa city. Its boundaries are
Halaba special woreda in the east, Angacha woreda in the west, Denboya woreda in the south
and Kachabira woreda in the north. It has an area of 1600 hectare from this 22%is
mountainous , 28% is gorges and hills, 20% plain field and 30% is mixed topography. It has
an altitude of 2000-2200meter above sea level with Dega climatic condition. .In the town
there are 10 governmental and 9 nongovernmental schools. There are 2 government health
center, one missionary health center and one general hospital.
The study will be conducted from February 15_March23 2016 G.C in durame town to assess
the KAP of pregnant mother toward ANC.

4.3POPULATION

4.3.1 SOURCE POPULATION

All women who are in reproductive age group (15-49) years in durame town.
4.3.2 STUDY POPULATION

All pregnant women in each kebelle of durame town which will be included in the study.

4.3.3 SAMPLE POPULATION

Selected pregnant women live in all kebelle of durame town during study period will be
included.

4.4 SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

Stratified sampling technique will be used to assess KAP pregnant women's toward ANC in
all kebelle of durame town. Thesample will be proportionally divided to each kebelle and
equally distributedto each village. The data will be collected systematically by finding
pregnant women in each village.

4.5 SAMPLING SIZE DETERMINATION.

Accordingly sample size will be calculated as:

n= (Z/2)2 p (1-p)
d2

Where, n= sample size

p= ANC coverage in SNNPR=27.3%
z= confidence interval at 95%
d=margin of error (5%)

4.6 study variables

DEPENDENT VARIABLE

Knowledge
Attitude
 Practice

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES

 Age

 Educational status

 Religion

 Family size

 Monthly income

 Distance from health institution

4.7 MEASURMENTS

4.7.1 DATA COLLECTION INSTRUNMENT

Structured questionnaires will be used to collect quantitative data from reproductive group
women who are currently pregnant. The questionnaire will be developed after reviewing
relevant literatures to the subject to include all the possible variables that address the
objective of the study. The questionnaire will befirst prepared in English and then will be
translated to Amharic and back to English to maintain the consistency of the contents of the
instrument.

4.7.2 DATA COLLECTION

Data will be collected by distributing structured questioner to pregnant mothers in all kebelle
of durame town.

4.7.3 DATA COLLECTORS

Data will be collected in durame town by ourgroup memberof fourth year midwifery students

in WolaitaUniversity College of medicine and health science.

4.7.4 DATA ANALYSIS AND PROCESSNING

The collected data will becompiled, analyzed and processed by SPSS version 16.0 soft ware
and scientific calculator. Chi-square(x2) will be calculated to analyze association between
variables; and Odds ratio will be calculated to analyze their strength.

4.7.5 DATA QUALITY ASSURANCE

Pretest on five percent of the sample size was conducted in the near kebelle. Vague terms,
phrases and questions identified during the pretest was modified and changed. Missing
responses like "No response" and "Others" where added and skipping patterns were also
corrected. We all group members discussed in detail about how we ask respondents and take
the common understandings on the questioners.

4.7.6 OPERATIONAL DIFFINITON

ANEMIA:-it is reduction in the number of circulating red blood cell which results in
decreasing oxygen caring capacity of the blood. This means hemoglobin level of less than
11g/dl or hematocrite of less than 33%.

ANTENATAL CARE: - is a medical and general care given to pregnant women during
pregnancy.

CHILD MORTALITY: - death of children before the reach of five years old.

HYPERTENSIVE DISORDER OF PREGNANCY: - is a disorder that occurs during

pregnancy when systolic blood pressure ≥140mmhg measured on two occasion at least
6hours apart or single blood pressure of ≥110mmhg.

MATERNAL MORTALITY: - death of women while they are pregnant or within 42days of
termination of pregnancy irrespective of the site and duration of pregnancy, from any
condition related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accident
or incidental cause.

OBSTRACTED LABOR: - failure of descent of the fetus in spite of good uterine contraction.
SEXUALLY TRASMITED DISEASE: - are diverse group of infection caused by different
types of microbial agents that are frequently transmitted by sexual contact.

URINARY TRACT INFECTION: - is an acute infection of urinary tract

GOOD KNOWLEDGE ON ANC: - mothers who have awareness on ANC and score ≥50%
of knowledge related questions.

POOR KNOWLEDGE: - mothers who score less than 50% of knowledge related questions.

POSITIVE ATTITUDE ON ANC: - mothers who score more than or equal to 50% of attitude
related questions.

NEGATIVE ATTITUDE:-mothers who score less than 50% of attitude related questions.

GOOD PRACTICE:-mothers who start ANC follow up currently.

BAD PRACTICE: - mothers who have no any ANC follow.

4.7.7INCLUSSION CRITERIA

Women who are pregnant currently and voluntary to participate on study.

4.7.8EXCLUSION CRIYERIA

Woman who didn’t fulfill inclusion criteria and seriously ill.

4.7.9 ETHICAL CONSIDERATION

Approval to conduct this study will be obtained from the School of Nursing and Midwifery at
Wolaita University.
The purpose of the study will be clearly explained to each of study participants before
distributing the questioner. Permission will be taken from Durame town and selected kebelle
administrators with formally written letter from durame health office. Oral consent will be
taken from respondents before distributingquestionnaires.
4.7.10BENIFICARY AND BENIFITE OF THE STUDY

Durame health bureau, health center health extension workers will benefit from this study
knowing the reason why pregnant women non attendant ANC.
 At last but not least, the community benefit with strategy of the health bureau to increase
ANC follows up.
It may serve as a reference for other student who preparing for a research and as a base line

data for other research‘s in the different parts of the country.

4.7.11 DISMINATION AND UTILIZATIN OF THE RESULT

Study will be submitted to CBE office and school of Nursing and Midwifery, Wolaita Sodo
University College of Medicine and health Sciences and concerned body

CHAPTER 5

5.1 Work Plan

Gant chart for assessment of KAP on pregnant women toward ANC in Durame town kembata
zone SNNPR Ethiopia.

S. Task to be Respons January Februar 28/02/2 3/03/2 5/03/ 10/03 20/03 31/03
No performed ible (15/01/2 y 20/ 016 016 2016 /2016 /2016 /2016
. person 016 2/2016
1 Topic selection Group

2 Prepare Group
proposal& submit
to advisor
3 Preparation of Group
study stool
4 Getting Group
permission from
concerned body
5 Prepare for field Group
work
6 Selection of data Group
 collection
7 Pre test Group
8 Data collection Group
9 Preliminary work Group
& data checking
10 Data handling Group
11 Data processing Group
&analysis
12 Formatting & Group
compilation
13 Monitoring Group
14 Discussion Group
&recommendatio
n

Chapter 6

6. BUDGET PROPOSAL

Budget proposal to conduct research on assessment of KAP on pregnant women toward ANC
in Durame town Kembata zone SNNPR Ethiopia.

6.1 Personal cost

Showing the distribution of Personal cost

S.No. Items Unit price(birr) Quantity Total

1 Data collector 80 5 400
2 Transport 30 4 120
3 Secretary 4 30 (page) 120
4 Contingency 200
TOTAL 840

6.2 Stationary budget

Showing the distribution of Stationary budget

S.No. Item Unit Price(birr) Quantity Total(birr)

1 Paper for 120 1 pack 120
duplication
2 For printing 3 30 page 90
3 Pen 5(lexi5) 8 pens 40
4 Pencil 2 5 pencil 10
5 Eraser 5 4 20
6 Sharpener 5 2 10
7 Photo copy 0.5 30 15
8 Binding 10 5 50
9 Marker 5(different) 10 50
Total 285

Showing the distribution of grand total cost.

grand total Cost(birr)

Personal costs 520
Stationary costs 282
Transportation 120
Total 922
Contingency 200
Grand total with contingency 1122
Table IKnowledge of respondents regards to number of ANC visit in durame town, kembata
tembaro zone, SNNPR, 2008 E.C.

Number of visit Frequency(N) Percent (%)

Did not visit
Once
Twice
Three times
Four and above
Total

Table IIShows pregnant mothers with their time of starting antenatal care in durame town,
kembata tembaro zone, SNNPR, 2008 E.C.

Time of the first visit Frequency(N) Percent (%)

Within the first 4 month
5-8 month
At 8th month
At 9th month
Total

Table III Association of age and ANC practice of respondents in durame, kembata tembaro
zone, SNNPR, 2008 E.C.

Age ANC utilization Calculated value X2 Odds P-value

ratio
Yes No Total
15-34
35-49
Total

There is statistically significant association between age of respondent and ANC utilization
(df=1)
Table IVAssociation of educational status of respondents with ANC practice in durame
town, kembata tembaro zone, SNNPR, 2008 E.C.

Education status ANC utilization Calculated P-value

Yes no total value X2
Less than 8
Secondary (9-12)
College and university
Total

Table V Association of monthly income with ANC practice of respondents in durame town,
kembata tembaro zone, SNNPR, 2008 E.C.

Monthly income ANC utilization Calculat Odds p-value

Yes No Total ed value ratio
X2
Below 1000
1000 and above
Total
Table VI Association of job of respondent with ANC practice in durame town, kembata
tembaro zone, SNNPR, 2008 E.C.

Job ANC utilization Calculated P-value

value X2

Yes No total

House wife
Student
Farmer
Merchant
Government employer
Total

Table VII Association of number of children they have and ANC utilization in durame town,
kembata tembaro zone, SNNPR, 2008 E.C.

Number of ANC utilization Calculated Odds P-value

children Yes No Total value X2 ratio
Less than four
Four and above
Total

Table VIII Association of distance from health institution and ANC practice of respondents
in durame town, kembata tembaro zone, SNNPR, 2008 E.C.

Distance from ANC utilization Calculated Odds P-value

HI Yes No Total value X2 ratio
Less than 4km
4km and above
Total

TableIX Associationof knowledge on ANC of respondents to practice of ANC in durame,

kembata tembaro zone, SNNPR, 2008 E.C.

Variable ANC utilization Calculat Odds P-value

Yes No Total ed value ratio
X2
Knowledge on ANC
Yes
No
Total
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APPENDEX I
SOCIO DEMOGRPHIC CHARECTERISTIC

Table X Socio demographic characteristics of respondents in durame town, kembata tembaro

zone, SNNPR, 2005 E.C

Variables Frequency(N) Percentage (%)

Age
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44

Marital status
Married
Single
Educational status
Illiterate
Read and write
1-8
9-12
College or university
 Monthly income
Less than 500 birr
500-1000 birr
Greater than 1000 birr

Distance from health institution

Less than 2
3-4km
Greater than 4km

APPENDEXII

QUESTIONNAIRE- ENGLISH VERSION

WOLAITA SODO UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES

SCHOOL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY
QUESTIONNAIRE PREPARED TO ASSESS KNOWLEDGW, ATTITUDE AND
PRACTICE 0F PREGNANT MOTHERS TOWARD ANTENATAL CARE IN
DURAME TOWN, 2016 G.C.
CONSENT
Good morning/afternoon! How are you? My name is ___________________.
I am a student of Wolaita Sodo University College of medicine and health sciences. Now I
and my colleagues are conducting a study on KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE
0F PREGNANT MOTHERS TOWARD ANTENATAL CARE IN DURAME TOWN. I
assure you that the information that you are going to give will be kept in secrete. We will not
take your name. Therefore, you are free to respond or not to respond the questions. Your
support and willingness in responding the questions will be very important for the success of
this study.Do you agree to participate in this study? Yes________ No________
If no, go to the next house.
THANK YOU FOR YOUR COOPERATION.
INSTRACTION:-ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS ACCORDINGLY.

SECTION ONE:-Socio demographic characteristics

1.1 Age in year________

1.2 religion ___________
1.3 marital statuses ___________
1.4 ethnicity __________
1.5 Educational status _________
1.6Do you have children? A yes B no
1.7If “YES” how many children you have? ______________
1.8 Your job____________
1.9Your monthly income in birr__________
1.10 How far is your house from health institution_____________

Part II: SECTION TWO KNOWLEDGE ABOUT ANC

2.1Do you know about Antenatal care? A yes B no C no response

2.2If your answer for question number 2.1 is “YES’’, what is your source of information?
A. radio and TV D. books
B. health institution E. news paper and magazine

C. health extension workers F. Others specify ______

2.3What is the importance of ANC? (More than one answer is possible).

A for child spacing D for preventing maternal and child mortality

B for prevention of STD’s E for immunization
C for treating complication of pregnancy early F others specify _____
2.4 How many time a pregnant mother at least visit ANC?
A once B Two C Three D Four E more than four F never use
2.5When does the first visit took place?
A at firstmissed period D during labour
B within the first 4 months E during illness
 C at 9 month F others specify ______
2.6Where do you think that safe place to delivery?
A home B health institution C others specify______
2.7 If ‘home’ by whom do you want to give birth?
A Trained traditional birth attendant D Relatives
B Traditional birth attendant E Others___________
C health extension workers
SECTION III: ATTITUDE TOWARD ANC

3.1 If your answer for question number 2.1 is “NO” do you want to know about ANC know?
A yes B no C no response
3.11 If your answer is “NO” what is your reason_________________________________
3.2 Do you think all pregnant women should use ANC service?
A yes B no C no response
3.3 Do you oppose those women's who use ANC service?
A yes B no
3.3.1 If your answer is “YES” what is your reason________________
3.3.2 If your answer is “NO” what is your reason__________________
3.4 Do you discussed about ANC with your husbands' or friends?
A yes B no C no response
3.4.1 If your answer is “NO” what is your reason________
SECTION IV; PRACTICE OF ANC

4.1 Are you attending ANC before?

A yes B no
4.2 Are you practicing it now?
A yes B n
4.3 If “YES” when do you start____________________
4.4 If “NO" for the above Qwhat is your reason? ______________________
4.5 If"NO" for Q4.2 Do you have any plane to use antenatal care service in the future?
A yes B no C no response
4.6 If “NO” for Q4.5 what is your reason______________
4.7 What services do you received during antenatal care? (More than one answer is possible)
A. Blood pressure measurement D. Immunization
 B. Health education E. Urine analysis
C. Blood group F. others specify----------------------------------
4.8 From whom you receive the service?
A from doctors B nurses C midwifes
D health extension workers E other specify______________
THANK YOU
Data collectors Advisors /Supervisors
Name ________ Name____________
Date __________ Date_____________
Signature ________ Signature_________

DECLARATION
This study will be carried out by five member students of Wolaita SodoUniversity College of
medicine and health science, department of midwifery 2008 E.Cgraduate. The study concerns
about KAP of pregnant women towards ANC. is our own work and that all sources that we
will be used and will be acknowledged by means of complete references.

Name of principal investigator signature date

-------------
1. Jemal Heiru ------------- HSC/R/077/2005
2. Demeke Bafa -------------- 24/06/2013
3. Ayelech Metebo ------------- 24/06/2013
4. Zebuwa Samuel ------------- 24/06/2013
5. Meskerem Alemayhu -------------- 24/06/2013