Multiple choice questions

Case Study 1: Medical Diagnosis

A doctor is using a new AI system to help diagnose her patients. The AI system analyzes medical
images and data to suggest possible diagnoses. The doctor is considering using the AI system to
diagnose a patient with a rare lung disease.
Question:
Which domain of AI is the doctor using in this case?
Options:
 Natural Language Processing (NLP)
 Big Data
 Computer Vision
 Robotics

Case Study 2: Self-Driving Cars

A self-driving car is navigating a busy city street. The car uses a variety of sensors, including
cameras and radar, to perceive its surroundings. The car also uses AI to make decisions about
how to navigate traffic safely.
Question:
Which domains of AI are most likely being used by the self-driving car in this case?
Options:
 Natural Language Processing (NLP) only
 Big Data only
 Computer Vision only
 Both Computer Vision and Big Data

Case Study 3: Personalized Shopping

An online retailer is using AI to personalize the shopping experience for its customers. The AI
system analyzes a customer's past purchases and browsing behavior to recommend products that
they are likely to be interested in.
Question:
Which domain of AI is the online retailer using in this case?
Options:
 Natural Language Processing (NLP)
 Big Data
 Computer Vision
  Robotics

Fill in the blanks

1. _________ is a subfield of AI which helps in communication between human and computer in

natural language. It enables a computer to read and understand data by mimicking human natural
language.
2. _________ is a massive amount of stored data which when analysed properly could reveal valuable
insights into industry to which the data belongs. Social media accounts, online profiles, product
reviews, tagged interest, shared content, almost every information adds value to the Big data pool.
3. _________ is a very popular field of AI that trains a computer to understand and interpret the visual
world. Human vision starts at the "eyes" but machine uses digital images from a camera for vision.
4. _________ is a fun Google experiment that allows the user to create music with the help of pictures
of the objects around them. The user needs to take snapshots of the objects around them and feed it
to the algorithm.
5. _________ is a test to distinguish between a human and a machine. It was introduced by Alan
Turing.

True or False
Case Study 1: Big Data and AI in Healthcare
True or False: AI systems trained on big data can be used to diagnose cancerous tissues more
accurately than human pathologists.

Case Study 2: Natural Language Processing in Action

True or False: Natural language processing (NLP) is used in email filters to categorize emails as
spam or junk based on the sender's address.

Case Study 3: Computer Vision in Everyday Life

True or False: Self-driving cars use computer vision to identify and classify objects in their
surroundings, such as other vehicles, pedestrians, and traffic signs.

Case Study 4: Big Data and AI in Entertainment

True or False: Big data is used by AI systems to recommend movies and TV shows to users based
on their past viewing habits.

Case Study 5: Natural Language Processing in Customer Service

True or False: Chatbots that use natural language processing (NLP) can answer customer
questions and resolve issues without human intervention.

Case Study 6: Computer Vision in Security and Surveillance

True or False: Facial recognition systems that use computer vision can be used to identify
criminals and prevent crime.

Case study questions

Case Study 1: Natural Language Processing for Accessibility

 A company is developing a new AI system that can translate spoken language into sign language in
real-time. This system could have a significant impact on the lives of deaf and hard-of-hearing
people by improving their communication and access to information.
Competency: Explain how natural language processing (NLP) can be used to translate spoken language into
sign language. What are the challenges involved in developing such a system?

Case Study 2: Computer Vision for Medical Diagnosis

 A team of researchers is developing an AI system that can use medical images to diagnose diseases.
This system could potentially improve the accuracy and speed of diagnosis, as well as reduce the
need for invasive procedures.
Competency: Describe how computer vision can be used to analyze medical images. What are the ethical
considerations involved in using AI for medical diagnosis?

Case Study 3: Big Data for Personalized Learning

 An educational institution is considering using a big data analytics platform to personalize learning
for its students. This platform could track student data such as grades, test scores, and learning styles,
and use this information to recommend individualized learning materials and activities.
Competency: Discuss the potential benefits and risks of using big data for personalized learning. How can
educators ensure that such systems are used ethically and effectively?

Case Study 4: Natural Language Processing for Language Learning

Imagine you are a developer tasked with creating a new language learning app that uses natural language
processing (NLP). What are two key challenges you would need to consider, and how would you address
them using your understanding of NLP.

Case Study 5: Computer Vision for Self-Driving Cars

You are an engineer working on developing computer vision systems for self-driving cars. What are two
ethical considerations you would need to take into account, and how would you ensure that your computer
vision systems are ethical and responsible, based on your understanding of AI.

Compare and contrast

Case Study 1: Natural Language Processing vs. Computer Vision

 Compare and contrast the two main tasks that natural language processing (NLP) and computer
vision can perform.
 How are NLP and computer vision similar in their use of machine learning algorithms to process
data?
 What are some of the ethical considerations that both NLP and computer vision systems need to
address?
Case Study 2: Big Data vs. Machine Learning
 Compare and contrast the role of data in big data and machine learning.
 How does big data enable machine learning to improve its accuracy and performance?
 What are some of the challenges associated with managing and storing big data, as compared to the
challenges of training and deploying machine learning models?
Case Study 3: AI in Healthcare vs. AI in Finance
 Compare and contrast the different applications of AI in healthcare and finance.
 How can AI be used to improve patient care and outcomes in healthcare, compared to how it can be
used to optimize financial transactions and risk management in finance?
 What are some of the regulatory and privacy concerns that need to be considered when using AI in
both healthcare and finance?

Cause and effect

Question 1: AI for Accessibility

 Cause: AI-powered systems are capable of recognizing speech patterns of individuals with speech
impairments.
 Effect: What might be the positive effects of this use of AI on these individuals' lives? Explain the
possibilities caused by this AI domain.
Question 2: Natural Language Processing and Social Media
 Cause: Natural language processing techniques are applied to massive amounts of data collected
from social media platforms.
 Effect: How could this influence the spread of information (and misinformation), and what kind of
effects could this have on social trends?
Question 3: Computer Vision in Manufacturing
 Cause: Computer vision systems are introduced into factory assembly lines to detect flaws and
defects in products during manufacturing.
 Effect: What immediate effects might this have on the manufacturing process, and what could the
long-term effects be on product quality and company bottom lines?
Question 4: Ethics of AI in decision-making
 Cause: AI algorithms are increasingly used to make decisions that can affect people's lives, such as
loan approvals or hiring choices.
 Effect: What potential consequences could arise if these AI algorithms contain biases within their
datasets or the way they are designed? What actions might minimize this risk?
Question 5: Big Data and Personalized Medicine
 Cause: Large amounts of medical data, including patient histories, genetic information, and imaging
data, are collected and analyzed by AI systems.
 Effect: How could this revolutionize patient diagnosis and treatment plans? What changes might this
cause in the medical field?

What if analysis:

Scenario 1: AI and Personalized Education

 What if... AI systems could analyze each student's learning style, strengths, and weaknesses to create
completely personalized lesson plans and teaching methods? How would this change the classroom
experience and potentially alter the role of teachers?
Scenario 2: Computer Vision and the Environment
 What if... Drones equipped with sophisticated computer vision systems could continuously monitor
vast areas of forest for signs of wildfires or illegal logging? How might this shift environmental
protection efforts, and could there be unexpected consequences?
Scenario 3: Big Data and the Law
 What if... Large-scale analysis of legal data and patterns of past trials could lead to AI systems
capable of predicting court verdicts with high accuracy? What impact would this have on the legal
system and the notion of a fair trial?
Scenario 4: Natural Language Processing and Creativity
 What if... AI programs could generate highly creative text formats, from poems and scripts to full-
fledged novels? How might this influence literature and entertainment, and how might it change our
perception of human-generated creativity?
Scenario 5: AI & Global Collaboration
  What if... Advances in language translation AI created a world where everyone could have real-time
conversations with anyone else, regardless of spoken language? What effects could this have on
international relationships, trade, and global understanding?

Alternative Endings: Students reimagine conclusions to stories, historical

events, or scientific discoveries.

Question 1: The Self-Driving Revolution

 Original Outcome: Self-driving cars become fully implemented, replacing the majority of human-
driven vehicles.
 Alternative Ending Task: How could this technological shift reshape city planning? Imagine a
future where city streets and urban spaces look dramatically different due to self-driving technology.
Question 2: Language Without Barriers
 Original Outcome: Advancements in natural language processing lead to instant machine
translation.
 Alternative Ending Task: With effortless real-time translation available, what unintended social
and cultural changes might happen? Instead of language barriers breaking down, could some
unforeseen problems arise?
Question 3: AI Takes a Test
 Original Outcome: An AI convincingly passes the Turing Test, leading to questions about artificial
sentience. [The Turing Test determines a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior that's
indistinguishable from that of a human.]
 Alternative Ending Task: Imagine instead that the AI passed the Turing Test but exhibited strange
and unexpected behaviors during the process. What if there are entirely different forms of
intelligence that current testing can't measure?
Question 4: Big Data Detectives
 Original Outcome: Big data analysis helps authorities catch criminals or uncover large-scale fraud.
 Alternative Ending Task: What could happen if big data analysis starts predicting behaviors before
any wrongdoing actually takes place? How should law enforcement balance prevention with the
presumption of innocence?
Question 5: AI Artists
 Original Outcome: AI systems become sophisticated at creating art that rivals human expression.
 Alternative Ending Task: Imagine if AI-generated art starts to dominate awards and museum
collections. How would the concept of valuing art change if humans have to compete with machines
in the sphere of creativity?
Invention Tasks: Design solutions to quirky or real-world problems.

Task 1: The Mood Reader (Natural Language Processing)

 Problem: It's often hard to determine a person's true emotional state through brief text messages or
emails. Misunderstandings abound!
 Invention Task: Design a simple app that uses natural language processing (NLP) techniques to
analyze short blocks of text, offering insight into the possible emotional state of the writer (happy,
frustrated, worried, etc.). It should have privacy safeguards!
Task 2: AI Wilderness Guide (Computer Vision)
 Problem: Hikers, even experienced ones, can get lost or disoriented in unfamiliar natural areas.
 Invention Task: Design a smartphone-based system that uses computer vision to recognize
landmarks, trail markers, and plant species. This system could offer real-time guidance and safety
warnings to outdoor adventurers.
Task 3: The Responsible Social Media Bot (Natural Language Processing & Big Data)
 Problem: Online discourse can often become toxic, full of personal attacks and hate speech.
 Invention Task: Design an AI bot that utilizes large-scale data analysis and NLP to spot toxic
comments, harmful discussions, or escalating arguments in real-time. This bot could act as a
mediator, proposing respectful dialogue or redirecting the conversation.
Task 4: AI for the Forgotten (Big Data & Machine Learning)
 Problem: Smaller, localized charities and nonprofit initiatives often lack the resources or visibility to
make their causes known.
 Invention Task: Design a system that uses big data analysis and machine learning to match donors
with lesser-known charitable organizations based on shared interests and geographic location,
making those donations more targeted and effective.
Task 5: AI-powered Accessibility Tools (Various AI domains)
 Problem: Many everyday technologies often present challenges for people with various disabilities.
 Invention Task: Brainstorm an AI-powered tool or program that addresses a specific accessibility
issue affecting individuals with hearing impairments, visual impairments, or physical limitations.
Think creatively around solutions using multiple domains of AI.
Inference and interpretation

Question 1: Big Data & Healthcare

 Scenario: A study finds a high correlation between frequent consumption of specific food products
and increased incidence of a certain disease. Researchers use AI systems to analyze massive amounts
of health data to discover this pattern.
 Question: Can it safely be concluded that these food products directly cause the disease? Explore the
inferences that can and cannot be drawn from this study, along with limitations of the findings.
Question 2: AI in the Arts
 Scenario: AI-generated visual art wins a prestigious art competition, leading to widespread
discussions about creativity and originality.
 Question: Does the fact that AI created the artwork diminish its artistic value? Should there be
separate categories for AI-generated art vs. human-made art? Analyze the changing perception of art
with this scenario.
Question 3: Computer Vision & Surveillance
 Scenario: An AI-powered traffic monitoring system helps to manage traffic flow, identify law
violations, and reduce accidents. However, there are concerns about its potential for mass
surveillance.
 Question: Is there a way to ethically balance the benefits of such a system and the potential privacy
risks? Analyze the fine line between efficiency and infringement on individual liberties.
Question 4: Natural Language Processing & Customer Service
 Scenario: More businesses are turning to AI-powered chatbots for customer queries, often replacing
phone conversations or email-based support.
 Question: What are the advantages and disadvantages of this move toward AI-supported customer
service? Are there scenarios where human interaction may remain essential?
Question 5: AI Ethics
 Scenario: A major company has released an AI-powered hiring tool that claims to eliminate bias
from the recruitment process.
 Question: Even with AI, is it possible to create a completely unbiased hiring system? Investigate
whether algorithms may introduce hidden biases, perpetuating rather than solving fairness issues.