Built-in Exceptions in Java with examples

Types of Exceptions in Java Built-in exceptions are the exceptions which are available in Java
libraries. These exceptions are suitable to explain certain error situations. Below is the list of
important built-in exceptions in Java.
Examples of Built-in Exception:
1. Arithmetic exception : It is thrown when an exceptional condition has occurred in an
arithmetic operation.
Java
// Java program to demonstrate
// ArithmeticException
class ArithmeticException_Demo {
public static void main(String args[])
{
try {
int a = 30, b = 0;
int c = a / b; // cannot divide by zero
System.out.println("Result = " + c);
}
catch (ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("Can't divide a number by 0");
}
}
}
Output:
Can't divide a number by 0
2. ArrayIndexOutOfBounds Exception : It is thrown to indicate that an array has been
accessed with an illegal index. The index is either negative or greater than or equal to the size
of the array.
Java
// Java program to demonstrate
// ArrayIndexOutOfBoundException
class ArrayIndexOutOfBound_Demo {
public static void main(String args[])
{
try {
int a[] = new int[5];
a[6] = 9; // accessing 7th element in an array of
// size 5
}
catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
System.out.println("Array Index is Out Of Bounds");
}
}
}
Output:
Array Index is Out Of Bounds
3. ClassNotFoundException : This Exception is raised when we try to access a class whose
definition is not found.
Java
// Java program to illustrate the
// concept of ClassNotFoundException
class Bishal {

} class Geeks {

} class MyClass {
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Object o = class.forName(args[0]).newInstance();
System.out.println("Class created for" + o.getClass().getName());
}
}
Output:
ClassNotFoundException
4. FileNotFoundException : This Exception is raised when a file is not accessible or does not
open.
Java
// Java program to demonstrate
// FileNotFoundException
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileReader;
class File_notFound_Demo {

public static void main(String args[])

{
try {

// Following file does not exist

File file = new File("E:// file.txt");

FileReader fr = new FileReader(file);

}
catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
System.out.println("File does not exist");
}
}
}
Output:
File does not exist
5. IOException : It is thrown when an input-output operation failed or interrupted
JAVA
// Java program to illustrate IOException
import java.io.*;
class Geeks {
public static void main(String args[])
{
FileInputStream f = null;
f = new FileInputStream("abc.txt");
int i;
while ((i = f.read()) != -1) {
System.out.print((char)i);
}
f.close();
}
}
Output:
error: unreported exception IOException; must be caught or declared to be thrown
6. InterruptedException : It is thrown when a thread is waiting, sleeping, or doing some
processing, and it is interrupted.
JAVA
// Java Program to illustrate
// InterruptedException
class Geeks {
public static void main(String args[])
{
Thread t = new Thread();
t.sleep(10000);
}
}
Output:
error: unreported exception InterruptedException; must be caught or declared to be thrown
7. NoSuchMethodException : t is thrown when accessing a method which is not found.
JAVA
// Java Program to illustrate
// NoSuchMethodException
class Geeks {
public Geeks()
{
Class i;
 try {
i = Class.forName("java.lang.String");
try {
Class[] p = new Class[5];
}
catch (SecurityException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

public static void main(String[] args)

{
new Geeks();
}
}
Output:
error: exception NoSuchMethodException is never thrown
in body of corresponding try statement
8. NullPointerException : This exception is raised when referring to the members of a null
object. Null represents nothing
JAVA
// Java program to demonstrate NullPointerException
class NullPointer_Demo {
public static void main(String args[])
{
try {
String a = null; // null value
System.out.println(a.charAt(0));
}
catch (NullPointerException e) {
System.out.println("NullPointerException..");
}
}
}
Output:
NullPointerException..
9. NumberFormatException : This exception is raised when a method could not convert a
string into a numeric format.
JAVA
// Java program to demonstrate
// NumberFormatException
class NumberFormat_Demo {
public static void main(String args[])
{
try {
// "akki" is not a number
int num = Integer.parseInt("akki");

System.out.println(num);
}
catch (NumberFormatException e) {
System.out.println("Number format exception");
}
}
}
Output:
Number format exception
10. StringIndexOutOfBoundsException : It is thrown by String class methods to indicate
that an index is either negative than the size of the string.
JAVA
// Java program to demonstrate
// StringIndexOutOfBoundsException
class StringIndexOutOfBound_Demo {
public static void main(String args[])
{
try {
String a = "This is like chipping "; // length is 22
char c = a.charAt(24); // accessing 25th element
System.out.println(c);
}
catch (StringIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
System.out.println("StringIndexOutOfBoundsException");
}
}
}
Output:
StringIndexOutOfBoundsException
Some other important Exceptions
1. ClassCastException
JAVA
 // Java Program to illustrate
// ClassCastException
class Test {
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String s = new String("Geeks");
Object o = (Object)s;
Object o1 = new Object();
String s1 = (String)o1;
}
}
Output:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ClassCastException:
java.lang.Object cannot be cast to java.lang.String
2. StackOverflowError
JAVA
// Java Program to illustrate
// StackOverflowError
class Test {
public static void main(String[] args)
{
m1();
}
public static void m1()
{
m2();
}
public static void m2()
{
m1();
}
}
Output:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.StackOverflowError
3. NoClassDefFoundError
JAVA
// Java Program to illustrate
// NoClassDefFoundError
class Test //
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
 System.out.println("HELLO GEEKS");
}
}
Output:
Note: If the corresponding Test.class file is not found
during compilation then we will get Run-time Exception
saying Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError
4. ExceptionInInitializerError
Code 1:
JAVA
// Java Program to illustrate
// ExceptionInInitializerError
class Test {
static int x = 10 / 0;
public static void main(String[] args)
{
}
}
Output:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
Caused by: java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
Code 2 :
JAVA
// Java Program to illustrate
// ExceptionInInitializerError
class Test {
static
{
String s = null;
System.out.println(s.length());
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
}
}
Output:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException
Explanation : The above exception occurs whenever while executing static variable
assignment and static block if any Exception occurs.
5. IllegalArgumentException
JAVA
 // Java Program to illustrate
// IllegalArgumentException
class Test {
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Thread t = new Thread();
Thread t1 = new Thread();
t.setPriority(7); // Correct
t1.setPriority(17); // Exception
}
}
Output:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
Explanation:The Exception occurs explicitly either by the programmer or by API developer
to indicate that a method has been invoked with Illegal Argument.
6. IllegalThreadStateException
JAVA
// Java Program to illustrate
// IllegalStateException
class Test {
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Thread t = new Thread();
t.start();
t.start();
}
}
Output:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IllegalThreadStateException
Explanation : The above exception rises explicitly either by programmer or by API developer
to indicate that a method has been invoked at wrong time.
7. AssertionError
JAVA
// Java Program to illustrate
// AssertionError
class Test {
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// If x is not greater than or equal to 10
// then we will get the run-time exception
assert(x >= 10);
}
 }
Output:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.AssertionError
Explanation : The above exception rises explicitly by the programmer or by API developer to
indicate that assert statement fails.
IllegalArgumentException: This exception is thrown when an illegal argument is passed
to a method. For example:
Java
public void setAge(int age) {
if (age < 0 || age > 120) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid age");
}
this.age = age;
}
FileNotFoundException: This exception is thrown when a file cannot be found. For
example:
Java

try {
FileReader reader = new FileReader("file.txt"); // throws
FileNotFoundException
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
System.out.println("File not found");
}

Multiple catch
Example 1
Let's see a simple example of java multi-catch block.
MultipleCatchBlock1.java
1. public class MultipleCatchBlock1 {
2.
3. public static void main(String[] args) {
4.
5. try{
6. int a[]=new int[5];
7. a[5]=30/0;
8. }
9. catch(ArithmeticException e)
10. {
11. System.out.println("Arithmetic Exception occurs");
12. }
13. catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e)
14. {
15. System.out.println("ArrayIndexOutOfBounds Exception occurs");
16. }
17. catch(Exception e)
18. {
19. System.out.println("Parent Exception occurs");
20. }
21. System.out.println("rest of the code");
22. }
23.}
Test it Now
Output:
Backward Skip 10sPlay VideoForward Skip 10s
Arithmetic Exception occurs
rest of the code
Example 2
MultipleCatchBlock2.java
1. public class MultipleCatchBlock2 {
2.
3. public static void main(String[] args) {
4.
5. try{
6. int a[]=new int[5];
7.
8. System.out.println(a[10]);
9. }
10. catch(ArithmeticException e)
11. {
12. System.out.println("Arithmetic Exception occurs");
13. }
14. catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e)
15. {
16. System.out.println("ArrayIndexOutOfBounds Exception occurs");
17. }
18. catch(Exception e)
19. {
20. System.out.println("Parent Exception occurs");
21. }
22. System.out.println("rest of the code");
23. }
24.}
Test it Now
Output:
ArrayIndexOutOfBounds Exception occurs
 rest of the code
In this example, try block contains two exceptions. But at a time only one exception occurs and
its corresponding catch block is executed.
MultipleCatchBlock3.java
1. public class MultipleCatchBlock3 {
2.
3. public static void main(String[] args) {
4.
5. try{
6. int a[]=new int[5];
7. a[5]=30/0;
8. System.out.println(a[10]);
9. }
10. catch(ArithmeticException e)
11. {
12. System.out.println("Arithmetic Exception occurs");
13. }
14. catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e)
15. {
16. System.out.println("ArrayIndexOutOfBounds Exception occurs");
17. }
18. catch(Exception e)
19. {
20. System.out.println("Parent Exception occurs");
21. }
22. System.out.println("rest of the code");
23. }
24.}
Test it Now
Output:
Arithmetic Exception occurs
rest of the code
Example 4
In this example, we generate NullPointerException, but didn't provide the corresponding
exception type. In such case, the catch block containing the parent exception
class Exception will invoked.
MultipleCatchBlock4.java
1. public class MultipleCatchBlock4 {
2.
3. public static void main(String[] args) {
4.
5. try{
6. String s=null;
7. System.out.println(s.length());
8. }
9. catch(ArithmeticException e)
10. {
11. System.out.println("Arithmetic Exception occurs");
12. }
13. catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e)
14. {
15. System.out.println("ArrayIndexOutOfBounds Exception occurs");
16. }
17. catch(Exception e)
18. {
19. System.out.println("Parent Exception occurs");
20. }
21. System.out.println("rest of the code");
22. }
23.}
Test it Now
Output:
Parent Exception occurs
rest of the code
Example 5
Let's see an example, to handle the exception without maintaining the order of exceptions (i.e.
from most specific to most general).
MultipleCatchBlock5.java
1. class MultipleCatchBlock5{
2. public static void main(String args[]){
3. try{
4. int a[]=new int[5];
5. a[5]=30/0;
6. }
7. catch(Exception e){System.out.println("common task completed");}
8. catch(ArithmeticException e){System.out.println("task1 is completed");}
9. catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e){System.out.println("task 2 completed");}
10. System.out.println("rest of the code...");
11. }
12.}
Test it Now
Output:
Compile-time error