Republic of the Philippines

STO. TOMAS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY

Cadena Street, Feeder road. #4, Brgy. Tibal-Og, Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte

CHAPTER II - Identification and

Classification of Crop Plants B. Functional System

Crops are plants that are domesticated The functional System of classification is
by man for their economic value and other the method of classifying crops in Crop
purposes. They have similarities and Science. The systems are classified into
differences which are used as bases for agronomic (field crops) and horticultural crops.
classification. There are several systems of
classification, however, the two main B.1 Agronomic or Field Crops
classifications are the: a) botanical and b)
functional systems. 1. Agronomic Crops

Objectives 1.. Cereal or Grain Crops – Crops of the Grass

family which are used as staples and the
At the end of this chapter, the students are word cereal which is derived from the
expected to: most important grain deity, the Roman
Goddess Ceres. The most important
1. Identify common crops species; cereal crops in the Philippines are rice
2. Classify identified crops based on the and corn while sorghum and wheat are
botanical and functional systems of minor cereal crops.
classification; 2. Grain Legumes or Pulses – These are crops
3. Determine the economic or aesthetic of the Leguminoseae family which are
value of the crops consumed in the dry seed form. These
are rich in proteins and are nitrogen fixers
A. Botanical System in association with Rhizobium bacteria.
Major legumes in the Philippines include
Systematic or taxonomy is an mungbean, peanut and soybeans.
organized system for descriptive classification
of plants while nomenclature is a system of 3. Fiber Crops – These are sources of fibers
assigning names to plants, The science of like kenaf, jute, ramie and cotton which
plant taxonomy is coordinated by the are sources of commercial fibers in the
International Board of Plant Nomenclature. country.
They made the rules in accordance with the
International Code of Botanical Nomenclature 4. Root and Tuber Crops – These are rich
(ICBN). There are seven general taxonomic sources of carbohydrates which include
groups in botanical classification or scientific cassava, sweet potato, yam and irish
classification of plants, namely: potato.

5. Forage Legumes and Grasses for animal

Soybean Corn Cabbage fodder – The important grasses include
napier grass (Elephant grass), Guinea
Kingdom Plantae Plantae Plantae
grass, Paragrass, Pangola grass, and
Division Magnoliophyta Magnoliophyta Magnoliophyta Alabang X. The important forage
legumes are Centrosema, Ipil-ipil,
Class Magnoliopsida Liliopsida Angiospermae Townsville Stylo and Siratro.
Order Rosales Cyperales Brassicales
6. Crops for Industrial Processing – The
Family Fabaceae Poaceae Brassicaceae species of economic value are the
Genus Glycine Zea Brassica Sugarcane, Tobacco and Castor Bean

Species max mays oleracea

CS10 - Fundamentals in Crop Science DAISY L. MORALA, L. Agri

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRIBUSINESS Instructor I
 Republic of the Philippines
STO. TOMAS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
Cadena Street, Feeder road. #4, Brgy. Tibal-Og, Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte

2. Special Purpose Classification of Field general, crops belong to one group

Crops have the same cultural requirements
and problems.
1. Soiling Crop or zero grazing – These
are cut green and are fed to livestock Leafy Vegetables – These are
2. Cover Crops – These are grown to grown mainly for their leaves
maintain a plant cover on the land to (Malungay, Pechay, Kangkong,
prevent soil erosion and leaching. It also Saluyot)
serves as green manure crop and
improve soil condition. 1. Cole Crops or Crucifers. Crops
3. Catch/Emergency Crops – These are belonging to Cruciferae family
crops planted on land where other crops (Cabbage, Cauliflower, Brocolli,
have failed , usually a quick growing Chinese Cabbage)
one.
4. Silage – Forage that has been preserved 3 Root, Tuber and Bulb Crops – Crops
in a succulent condition by partial with swollen underground stem or
fermentation. roots (sweet potato, onion,
5. Green Manure – A crop grown and radish, potato)
plowed under to improve the soil.
4. Legumes – Crops belonging to
B.2 Horticultural Crops Legunimoseae family (Sitao,
These are annual and Cowpea, Lima Bean, Pigeon pea,
perennial species which are grown Chick Pea, Winged Bean)
under a system of “intensive” culture
which require special care. The 5. Solanaceous Crops – Crops under
groupings are: Solanaceae or Nightshade family
with fruits as the economical part
A. Pomological or Fruit Crops of the crop (Tomato, Eggplant,
Sweet pepper)
These are classified as tree
fruits, nut fruits and small fruits, 6. Cucurbits – Crops belonging to
depending on the plant habit on Cucurbitaceae family (Cucumber,
which they are borne and are Muskmelon, Watermelon,
consumed fresh or in process form. Ampalaya, Chayote)

1. Tree Fruits – Fruits borne on 7. Sweet Corn

trees (mango, Lanzones,
Durian, Orange, etc). 8. Okra

2. Nut Fruits – Fruits borne on 9. Tree Vegetables – Malungay,

trees which are enclosed by a Katuray, Himbabao
stony structure (Talisay,
Cashew, Pili). C. Ornamentals

3. Small Fruits – Fruits borne not These are classified according to their
on trees but on herbaceous special uses. This classification is based on
plants (Pineapple, Strawberry the specific plant part aesthetically valued
and Grapes). and on form in which the plants are
maintained or marketed.
B. Vegetables
1. Cut flower or Florist Crop – These are
These are classified based on plants grown for their flowers (Daisies,
similarities in the method of culture. In Roses, Gladiolus, Carnations,
CS10 - Fundamentals in Crop Science DAISY L. MORALA, L. Agri
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRIBUSINESS Instructor I
 Republic of the Philippines
STO. TOMAS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
Cadena Street, Feeder road. #4, Brgy. Tibal-Og, Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte

Chrysanthemum, Anthurium, 3. Beverage Crops – Crops which are used

Anthurium, Sampaguita, Orhids, Birds for brewing non-alcoholic drinks
of Paradise) (Cacao, Tea and Coffee).

2. Cut Foliage or Florists Greens – Plants 4. Spices - These are crops utilized for
whose foliage provides background in flavoring and as condiments in food
floral arrangements. Ferns and preparations (Vanilla and Black
asparagus are important in this pepper).
category. Some species of asparagus;
like asparagus fern are sometimes use 5. Aromatic or Essential Oils – These
for corsages, bouquets and wreaths. include lemon grass or Tanglad
(Cymbopogon citratus),Salay,
3. Pot Plants – Plants grown in containers Vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanoides),
for their beautiful flowers, usually for Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) and
display purposes such as Ilang-ilang (Cananga odorata).
Chrysanthemum, Poinsettia, Santan,
Bougainvilla. 6. Latexes and Resins – These crops has
products of the sap (latex) tapped or
4. Foliage Plants – Plants grown for their obtained from the bark such as
attractive foliage. Many of these plants rubber. Resins are organic substance
can tolerate low light intensities since from plants which is solid or semi solid
they have no demanding inflorescence natural organic substance secreted in
to support. They are used as indoor the sap of some plants and trees that
plants by which they are sometimes has transparent or translucent quality
called such as Begonia, and and a yellow or brown color that are
Philodendron. used in varnishes, paints, adhesives,
inks and medicines.
5. Turf – These are grasses used for lawns
or greens (grass for gold courses) 7. Medicinal or Biocidal– These are
which fall under landscape plants but sources of pharmaceutical and
have grown in importance to be in insecticidal compounds which include
class by themselves (Bermuda grass, Lagundi (Vitex negundo) Yerba
Manila grass). Buena (Mentha cordiflora) and
sambong (Blumea balsamifera).
D. Plantation Crops
Reference
These are classified according to
their useful components; may have Aradilla, A.R., Apiag, C.T., Baldo, N.B., Dargantes,
different cultural practices but their S.M., Lituanas, I.M., Paulican Ma.S.M,
principal products can be substituted for Salingay, R.O., Valleser, J.L. and Taban,
one another. B.G.P. (2018). Laboratory Manual in Crop
Science 20, Principles of Crop Production.
1. Oil Crops – These are grown for their oil CMU Press, Central Mindanao University,
content (coconut, Afrrican oil palm, University Town, Musuan, 8710 Bukidnon.
Lumbang, Castor Bean)
Carney, K. (2017). Principles of Crop Production.
2. Fiber Crops – These are sources of Larsen and Keller Education, 5 Penn Plaza,
fibers for textile manufacturing, 19th Floor, New York, NY 10001, 3G-
corsage, pulp, paper twines, sacks, eLearning, USA
bags, mats, etc. (Abaca, Buri,
Maguey, Kapok, Cabo Negro) Philippine Council for Agricultural, Aquatic and
Natural Resources Research and
Development. www. pcarrd. dost.gov.ph.

CS10 - Fundamentals in Crop Science DAISY L. MORALA, L. Agri

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRIBUSINESS Instructor I
 Republic of the Philippines
STO. TOMAS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
Cadena Street, Feeder road. #4, Brgy. Tibal-Og, Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte

Name: ____________________________________________ Date: ____________________

Year/ Section: _________________________

Questions: Activity 2.1

1. Explain the functional system of crop plants. (25 points)

2. How Crop plants important to Agricultural industry. (25 points)

3. Determine the characteristics of good silage. (25 points)

Name: ____________________________________________ Date: ____________________

Year/ Section: _________________________

Questions: Activity 2.2

1. Make a summary of the lessons that you have studied and state what you have learned
on this chapter (Make your own words). (50 points)

2. Identify the type of seasons in your locality and list at least 10 crops that are commonly
grown in your locality. (25 points)

CS10 - Fundamentals in Crop Science DAISY L. MORALA, L. Agri

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRIBUSINESS Instructor I
 Republic of the Philippines
STO. TOMAS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
Cadena Street, Feeder road. #4, Brgy. Tibal-Og, Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte

Name: ____________________________________________ Date: ____________________

Year/ Section: _________________________
Laboratory Exercises No.2
Identification and Classification of Crop Plants

Table 1.1 Instructions: List down accordingly, at least 10 examples of Crops observed
within your vicinity or nearby farms and Classify their functional system. (Draw or
Pictures of the crop)
Observed Plants

Crop Plants Horticultural Crops / Draw or Picture of the crops

(Local Name) Agronomic

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

CS10 - Fundamentals in Crop Science DAISY L. MORALA, L. Agri

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRIBUSINESS Instructor I
 Republic of the Philippines
STO. TOMAS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
Cadena Street, Feeder road. #4, Brgy. Tibal-Og, Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte

Observed Plants

Crop Plants Horticultural Crops / Draw or Picture of the crops

(Local Name) Agronomic

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

CS10 - Fundamentals in Crop Science DAISY L. MORALA, L. Agri

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRIBUSINESS Instructor I
 Republic of the Philippines
STO. TOMAS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
Cadena Street, Feeder road. #4, Brgy. Tibal-Og, Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte

Name: ____________________________________________ Date: ____________________

Year/ Section: _________________________

Laboratory Exercises No.2

Identification and Classification of Crop Plants

Table 1.2 Instructions: Classify the crops that you have identified during your survey in the
areas within your vicinity or nearby farms (crops to be listed here are based from
the previous table).

Crop Plants Scientific Name Family Name Economic/aesthetic value

(Local Name) (food, feed, medicine, etc)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

CS10 - Fundamentals in Crop Science DAISY L. MORALA, L. Agri

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRIBUSINESS Instructor I