PROJECT TITLE : INSTALLATIONS OF HAND WASH BASIN

PRISENTED BY : MELVIN ODHIAMBO ONYANGO

INDEX NUMBER 7051010003

PAPER CODE : 1305/316

INSTITUTION NAME : SIAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

SUPERVISORS; NAME : MR. JOHN OTIENO OYOO

PRESENTED TO :THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATION

COUNCIL FOR AWARD OF CRAFT
CERTIFICATE IN PLUMBING
TECHNOLOGY

EXAMINATION SERIES : JULY 2024

i
Contents
DECLARATION.............................................................................................................................................iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.................................................................................................................................iv
DEDICATION.................................................................................................................................................v
ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................................................vi
CHAPTER ONE..............................................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................1
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF PLUMBING....................................................................................1
IMPORTANCE OF PLUMBING...............................................................................................................1
DESCRIPTION OF WORK TO BE DONE...............................................................................................2
CHAPTER TWO.............................................................................................................................................3
2.0. LITERATURE REVIEW..............................................................................................................3
CHAPTER THREE..........................................................................................................................................6
Methodology...............................................................................................................................................6
CHAPTER FOUR............................................................................................................................................7
ANALYSIS................................................................................................................................................7
FINDINGS.................................................................................................................................................7
CONCLUSION...............................................................................................................................................8
RECOMMENDATION....................................................................................................................................9

ii
DECLARATION

iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost I wish to thank the residents of Siaya town as the support they accorded me
during the period of collecting data. Secondly, I wish to thank the college for all the support.
More particularly, I wish to single out my supervisor Mr. John Otieno Oyoo for their dedication
and support in supervision through the period of my project proposal writing.
Final report of my project writing. Their knowledge was very valuable in the shaping of my
proposal, research techniques and report writing.
I wish to thank my family members for all the support they accorded me during the time of this
projec

iv
DEDICATION
This work is exclusively dedicated to my parents for their unconditional support,
encouragements, patience and understanding during the entire period of studying.

v
 ABSTRACT
Hand wash basin was originally known as a wash stand. it was invented in the early 1980s
by Philo of Byzantium, a Greek engineer. Over the years it has undergone various changes
and modifications ranging from size and height to suit the use from the young age to the
elderly.
Wash and basin come in several basic forms:
 Inexpensive basin are simply made using injection-molded thermoplastics. These are
often deep, free-standing basin used in laundry rooms. Subject to damage by hot or sharp
objects, the principal virtue of these basin is their low cost.
 High-end acrylic drop-in (lowered into the countertop) and undermount (attached from
the bottom) basin are becoming more popular, although they tend to be easily damaged
by hard objects – like scouring a cast iron frying pan in the basin .

This chapter will explain more on materials and their cost to be used in the project, tools and the
labor costs for the project.

This work programme will enable me to control and plan the work to be done and make the work run smoothly

In this chapter analysis of the whole project was done and anything discussed above was
analyzed.
The results demonstrate that hand washing with non-antibacterial soap is much more effective in
removing bacteria from hands than hand washing with water only.

The study established that the respondents had adapted measures to ensure that the sources of
Water and functioning of the system should be effective.
This project was a success and I can recommend that it be initiated in other institutions as it
improves the hygienic conditions in any institution.

In future, more time should be allocated to enable the works being done be dealt with to the best
perfection and results desired be achieved.

vi
Granites
The most common type of material used for construction of hand wash basin is ceramic. In
this project I used granite because of its durability and cost effectiveness.
Some of the equipment I used for this material included;
 Pipe wrench
 docket wrench
 utility knife
 drain pipe fittings
 tape measure
 Adjustable wrench.
 Thread tape
The step by step installation involved measuring and marking of the hand washing basin layout,
then installing a faucet then feeding the faucet’s supply tubing and tail piece through the gasket
that seals the faucet to the basin and then up through the hole (or holes ) in basin
Then finally the basin is connected to water supply and the drainage pipes
Findings, during the project, I realized that a lot of skills are needed to install the hand washing
basin and many people prefer the hand washing basin in their house.
Recommendation, I recommend the hand washing basin to be installed in the points designated
for various activities.

vii
CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF PLUMBING

Hand wash basin was originally known as a wash stand.it was invented in the early 1980s by
Philo of Byzantium, a Greek engineer. Over the years it has undergone various changes and
modifications ranging from size and height to suit the use from the young age to the elderly.\
Plastic basin come in several basic forms:
 Inexpensive basin are simply made using injection-molded thermoplastics. These are
often deep, free-standing basin used in laundry rooms. Subject to damage by hot or sharp
objects, the principal virtue of these basin is their low cost.
 High-end acrylic drop-in (lowered into the countertop) and undermount (attached from
the bottom) basin are becoming more popular, although they tend to be easily damaged
by hard objects – like scouring a cast iron frying pan in the sink.
 Plastic basin may also be made from the same materials used to form "solid surface"
countertops. These basin are durable, attractive, and can often be molded with an
integrated countertop or joined to a separate countertop in a seamless fashion, leading to
no sink-to-countertop joint or a very smooth sink-to-countertop joint that can not trap dirt
or germs. These basin are subject to damage by hot objects but damaged areas can
sometimes be sanded down to expose undamaged material.

IMPORTANCE OF PLUMBING
Plumbing services ensure that water comes in and out of your house properly.
1. Use of one of the most important resources
Plumbing enables us to use safely one of the most important resources-water.
2. Reduces consumption
its innovations to reduce the water consumption, thus saving important resources which are used
to render it hygienic and transport it, have greatly reduced the amount of water utilized by toilets,
shower heads, faucets and other plumbing devices.
4. It prevents rot and mold
A reason why plumbing is important is that correct plumbing prevents the pipes from leaking,
which could cause damage to a house and the appearance of rot and mold on the walls and
floors.

1
 DESCRIPTION OF WORK TO BE DONE.
The projects contain the installation of hand washing basin as explain below.
Types of basin
 Semi-Recessed Basins.
 Countertop Basins.
 Under Counter Basins.
 Vessel Basins.
 Basin Fixings.
I shall use stainless ceramic hand washing basin sine it is the cheapest and easy to install also it
has good appearance.
Importance of hand washing basin
Washing your hands properly is one of the most important things you can do to prevent
and control the spread of germs.
.

2
CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW
This chapter will explain more on materials and their cost to be used in the project, tools and the
labor costs for the project.
Tools used in the projects and equipment
 Pipe wrench
 Thread seal
 Hack saw
 Mason hammer
 Chisel
 Spirit level
 Adjustable spanner
 Tape measure

Materials used in the project

 ½” bottle trap
 ½” waste pipe
 ½” PVC waste tee
 ½” PVC waste plug
 ½” PPR pipe
 ½” PPR elbow
 Pillar tap
 Silicon
 Tee joint

3
 Hand washing basin

Labor cost
The following labor cost will be involved in order to make project successful
PERSONNEL NO AMOUNT DAYS TOTAL
Skilled 1 1,500 5 7,500
Unskilled labour 1 500 5 2,500
total 10,000

Transport= 500
30% of materials + transport= labor cost

4
Materials cost- 12,220
Transport=500

30 ∗
12,220 = 3666

Labor cost=4,166 100

Estimation of materials
DESCRIPTI QUANTITY OF COST PER TOTAL
MATERIAL ON MATERIALS UNIT COST
hand washing
basin Ceramic 1 10000 10000
PVC waste tee 1 1/2" 1 100 100
PVC waste pipe 1 1/2" 1 400 400
PVC plug 1 1/2" 1 10 10
Bottle trap 1 1/2" 1 200 200
PPR pipe 1/2" 6m 100 600
PPR elbow 1/2" 4 50 200
PPR union 1/2" 1 90 90
PPR nipples 1/2" 2 40 80
PPR socket 1/2" 1 50 50
Pillar Tap 1/2" 1 500 500
TOTAL 12,220

5
CHAPTER THREE

3.0. Methodology
Working programme
This work programme will enable me to control and plan the work to be done and make the work
run smoothly.
DAYS 1 2 3 4 5
ACTIVITY
Assembling materials
pointing and hacking
measuring of pipes and installing
them
installation of Ceramic hand
wash basin
installation of hand wash basin
bottle trap and pillar tap
testing and cleaning

6
CHAPTER FOUR

ANALYSIS
In this chapter analysis of the whole project was done and anything discussed above was
analyzed.

FINDINGS
The results demonstrate that hand washing with non-antibacterial soap is much more effective in
removing bacteria from hands than hand washing with water only.

7
CONCLUSION
The study established that the respondents had adapted measures to ensure that the sources of
water and functioning of the system should be effective.
This project was a success and I can recommend that it be initiated in other institutions as it
improves the hygienic conditions in any institution.

8
RECOMMENDATION
In future, more time should be allocated to enable the works being done be dealt with to the best
perfection and results desired be achieved.