Name:Emma

_________________ Topic: Immune

_________________
Leclercq System
Anatomy & Physiology II
Pre-Class Work #____
7
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further addressed or clarified in our
virtual class sessions or a question
that sparks your curiosity.

The immune system is a functional system composed of cells, plasma

proteins, and other substances that protect the body from harmful
agents. There are 5 main classes of infectious agents: bacteria,
viruses, fungi, protozoans, and multicellular parasites. Bacteria are
Areprotozoansonly composed of prokaryotic cells; viruses are composed of either DNA
carriedbymosquitoes
or RNA in a protein capsid; and fungi, protozoans, and parasites are
specifically composed of eukaryotic cells. The immune system provides both
innate and adaptive immunity. First line of defense is the skin and
mucous membrane. The second line of defense is composed of
nonspeci c internal defenses including cells of innate immunity,
chemicals, in ammation, and fever.
Summary: (In your own words, summarize the concepts you learned in the pre-class work; this should be at least a few sentences)
ntro ImmuneSystemFunction toprotect ourbodyfrominfectiousagents otherpotentially
harmfulsubstancestoprovideus withimmunity

Immune Cells
Neutrophils MostcommonWBCphagocytizes destroysbacteria otherpathogens
Basophil Smallest leastcommonWBCreleaseshistamines otherinflammatorymediators
Eosinophil mainlyattachestoparasitesthataretoo
bigtoingestinordertokillthem
Monocyte largestWBCcandifferentiateintomacrophages conventionaldendriticcells
Macrophages largephagocytederivedfromamonocytephagocytizesbacteria otherdebris
itactsas anantigenpresenterforT Bcells
MastCells WBCthatisactivatedbyallergic injuriesactivates
reactionsaphysical localinflammatoryresponse

cells
Cells antigenpresenting
Dedritic linkinnate adaptiveimmunity arecriticalforinductionofimmuneresponse
that
cell
adaptiveimmunesystem mediates immuneresponses as
TLymphocytes G p Iff
mediated
nytimes.gfth.ee

B Lymphocytes s candevelopintoanantibodyproducingplasmaor amemorycell

Naturalkiller cells transplantedforeigncellsbeforeactivation
Defensivecells destroyspathogenscancer

Cells oftheadaptivedefenses
 Pathogens

odale 1 Infectious Agents are

organismsthat
causedamage
orpossibly deathtothehostorganismthattheyinvade

Infectiousagentsthatcauseharmto
thehostarepathogens

Bacteria
Mostbacteriaharmlesssomevirulentcauseseriousillness
Virulentbacteriamayhave
pI acapsulewhich theirabilitytocausedisease
Extetanusstrepthroatpneumonia

Viruses piecesof DNAor RNAin aproteinshell

Virusesarenot
cells theyaremuchsmaller
ExcommoncoldebolachickenpoxCovid19
Virusesareintracellularparasites
mustenter acelltoreproduce
ViralreproductionincludesdirectingtheinfectedcelltosynthesizecopiesofboththeviralDNA
orRNA capsidshell
Newviralparticlesarethenformedwintheinfectedcells releasedfrom
themto
entersurroundingcells
Thevirus or immuneresponsemaykillthehostcellthe the
cell virus
invades

Fungi
Includesmoldsyeastsmulticellularfungithatproduces
spores
Exvaginalyeastinfectionsathlete'sfoot

Protozoans
Intracellular extracellular parasites

spread
bymosquitoesentersthebloodwhereitinfectsRBCscausingtheirdestruction
Exmalaria

Teri fordiseases whichabnormalcellsdivide

us in woutcontrol caninvadeothertissues
Excancercells
 Immunity resistanceto disease

odule 2

Innate
Immunity

on Innate Immunity

Mostimportant

0
provideinst
gunfection

skin profit on

cytokines

ProtectiveChemicals washgerms
away
Acid perterbs
growth
Enzymes antimicrobial
agent
Mucin helpstrapmaterials
Defensins naturalantibodies
Structures antimicrobial
substances

exmucous cilia
Module 3 SecondLineofDefense
1 Selected I minecells
2 Antimicrobial Proteins nonspecific
hardiettif ffetfgai.sn
3 Inflammation
4 Fever

Phagocytes toeat
Neutrophils mostcommonWBCdigestas bacteriafrom
top spreading

frommonocytes WBC
Macrophages derived

Eosinophils attachtobigparasites

patrolblood lymphforanytype
ofabnormalcells
Mastcells Basophilssina.ae
tissues
in
14 c
involvedin
allergicreactions
bringshistaminesto
immune
cells
causes inflammation

Inflammation
Beginswhena pathogenstimulatesan inbloodflowtoinfectedor
BVinthatareaexpand WBCsleakfromthevesselstoinvade
triggeredwheneverbodytissuesare
injured bypathogen
physicallyor

Roles of Inflammation
1Preventspreadofdamagingagents
2Disposeofcellulardebris pathogens
3Repair
4Alertadaptiveimmunesystem
Antimicrobial Proteinsenhanceourinnateresponsebyattackingmicroorganismsdirectlybyhinderingabilitytoreprod
Interferons small cells act
asmessengersto cellsto
byinfected
proteinss ecreted stimulatenearbyhealthy block
replication

Complement includes20proteinsthatare
inactiveonceactive
stimulate responseIRskill
i nflammatory cellsdirectly

Fever bodytemp slowdownorstoppathogensfromgrowing helpsspeedupimmuneresponse

abnormalelevationincoretemperature
by1 C