Computer Past Papers Short Questions Solved

Past Paper 2012

Q: Answer the following questions?

Q: 1 What is the purpose of memory in a computer system?

A: 1 The purpose of memory in a computer system is to store and retrieve

data quickly. It helps the computer run programs and perform tasks
efficiently.
Q: 2 What are the examples of audio and video input devices?

A: 2 Some examples of audio input devices are microphones, headsets, and

audio recording devices.

And for video input, we have webcams and video cameras. These devices
allow us to capture and record audio and video on our computers.
Q: 3 Write at least two examples of an impact printer?

A: 3 Some examples of audio input devices are microphones, headsets, and

audio recording devices. And for video input, we have webcams and video
cameras. These devices allow us to capture and record audio and video on our
computers.
Q: 4 What is the purpose of presentation software?

A: 4 The purpose of presentation software is to create visually engaging

slideshows or presentations. It allows you to organize and present information
in a dynamic and interactive way, making it easier to communicate ideas,
share data, and captivate your audience. You can add text, images, videos,
and animations to make your presentations more impactful and memorable.
Q: 5 What is the purpose of database software?

A: 5 Database software is used to organize, store, and manage large amounts

of data in a structured manner. It provides a way to create, update, and
retrieve data efficiently. With database software, you can store information
such as customer records, inventory data, financial transactions, and much
more. It helps businesses and organizations keep track of their data, make
informed decisions, and improve overall efficiency.
Q: 6 What is the difference between simplex and full-duplex modes of data
transmission?

A: 6 In simplex mode, data transmission occurs in only one direction, like a

one-way street. It's like a radio broadcast where you can only listen. In full-
duplex mode, data can be transmitted simultaneously in both directions, like a
two-way conversation. It's like having a phone call where both parties can talk
and listen at the same time.
Q: 7 What is the purpose of a plotter?

A: 7 Plotter is a device used to create high-quality, precise, and detailed

drawings or graphics on paper. It is commonly used in engineering,
architecture, and design fields to produce large-scale prints, technical
diagrams, blueprints, and other visual representations. Unlike printers,
plotters use pens or markers to draw continuous lines, making them ideal for
creating accurate and intricate designs.
Q: 8 What is the importance of an operating system?

A: 8 Operating systems are like the brains of our devices. They manage and
coordinate all the hardware and software, making everything work together
smoothly. They provide a user-friendly interface, handle tasks like memory
management and file organization, and ensure that different applications can
run efficiently.
Q: 9 What is an e-mail service?

A: 9 An email service is a platform that allows users to send, receive, and store
electronic messages, known as emails. It provides individuals and businesses
with a way to communicate and exchange information over the internet. With
an email service, you can create a unique email address, compose messages,
attach files, and send them to recipients around the world. It's a convenient
and widely used method of communication in both personal and professional
settings.
Q: 10 What is meant by multiprogramming?

A: 10 Multiprogramming: Multiprogramming is a technique used in

computer systems to maximize the utilization of the CPU. It allows multiple
programs to be loaded into the main memory simultaneously. The CPU
switches between these programs, executing a small portion of each program
at a time. This creates an illusion of parallel execution, even though the CPU
is actually executing instructions from different programs in a sequential
manner. Multiprogramming helps improve system efficiency and allows for
better resource utilization.
 Past Paper 2013

Q: Answer the following questions?

Q: 1 Explain the difference between computer hardware and computer

software?

A: 1 Computer hardware is any physical device used in or with your

machine, whereas software is a collection of codes installed onto your

computer's hard drive.

Q: 2 What is an operating system? Give two examples.

A: 2 Operating System: An operating system (OS) is system software that

manages computer hardware, software resources, and provides common
services for computer programs.

Examples are: Microsoft Windows, Linux Operating System.

Q: 3 Differentiate between INTRANET and EXTRANET?

A: 3 INTRANET: A intranet is a private network, operated by a large

company or other organization, which uses internet technologies, but is
insulated from the global internet.

EXTRANET: An extranet is an intranet that is accessible to some people from

outside the company, or possibly shared by more than one organization.
Q: 4 What is a PACKEGED SOFTWARE?

A: 4 Packaged Software: Packaged software is a collection of programs

that perform similar functions or have similar features. For example,
Microsoft Office includes multiple applications such as Excel, Word, and
PowerPoint.
Q: 5 What is the difference between RAM and ROM?

A: 5 RAM, which stands for random access memory, and ROM, which stands

for read-only memory, are both present in your computer. RAM is volatile

memory that temporarily stores the files you are working on. ROM is non-
volatile memory that permanently stores instructions for your computer.
Q: 6 Explain the Sum () function of MS Excel?

A: 6 The SUM () function in excel is used as a formula to add all the numbers

in a range of cells.
Q: 7 What is computer memory? Describe its types.

A: 7 Computer Memory: Computer memory is the storage space in the

computer, where data is to be processed and instructions required for
processing are stored.

There are two types of computer memory:

1. Primary Memory (RAM & ROM)

2. Secondary Memory (Hard drive, CD)

Q: 8 Explain the difference between SAVE and SAVE AS command?

A: 8 The difference between Save and Save As is that Save helps to update the

lastly preserved file with the latest content while Save As helps to store a new

file or to store an existing file to a new location with the same name or

different name.
Q: 9 What is the importance of FOLDER?

A: 9 Folder helps you keep your files organized and separate. If you had no

folders on your computer, your documents, programs, and operating system

files would all be located in the same place. Folder also allows you to have

more than one file with the same file name.

Q: 10 What is start menu?

A: 10 Start Menu: The Microsoft Windows Start menu is the primary

location in Windows to locate your installed programs and find any files or
folders.
 Past Paper 2014

Q: Answer the following questions?

Q: 1 Differentiate between SAVE and SAVE AS command?

A: 1 The difference between Save and Save As is that Save helps to update the

lastly preserved file with the latest content while Save As helps to store a new

file or to store an existing file to a new location with the same name or

different name.
Q: 2 Differentiate between INTRANET and EXTRANET?

A: 2 INTRANET: An intranet is a private network, operated by a large

company or other organization, which uses internet technologies, but is
insulated from the global internet.

EXTRANET: An extranet is an intranet that is accessible to some people

from outside the company, or possibly shared by more than one organization.
Q: 3 Define input devices? Name any three input devices.

A: 3 The input devices are devices used to provide data and control signals.

Three input devices are:

 Keyboards.
 Mouse.
 Microphones.
Q: 4 What is Trackball?

A: 4 Trackball: A trackball is a pointing device consisting of a ball held by a

socket containing sensors to detect a rotation of the ball.
Q: 5 Explain Header and Footer in MS Word?

A: 5 A Header is the top margin of each page, and a footer is the bottom

margin of each page. Headers and footers are useful for including material

that you want to appear on every page of a document such as your name, the

title of the document, or page numbers.

Q: 6 What is Modem also naming its types?

A: 6 Modem: It is a hardware component that allows a computer or another

device, such as a router or switch, to connect to the Internet.

Types of Modem:

 Cable.
 Digital subscriber line (DSL).
 Dial-up.
Q: 7 Difference between Database and Database Management System?

A: 7 Database: A Database is a logically modeled cluster of information

[data] that is typically stored on a computer or other type of hardware that is
easily accessible in various ways.

Database Management System: A Database Management System is a

computer program or other piece of software that allows one to access,
interact with, and manipulate a database.
Q: 8 Differentiate between Excel Work Book and Work Sheet?

A: 8 The workbook is the entire book, while the worksheet is a single page

within that book. A workbook can contain, at minimum, one worksheet, and

up to a very large number of worksheets that is only limited by the available

memory on your computer. Worksheets can be added, deleted or renamed

within the workbook.

Q: 9 What is Star topology?

A: 9 Star topology: A Star topology is a topology for a Local Area Network

(LAN) in which all nodes are individually connected to a central connection
point, like a hub or a switch.
Q: 10 Differentiate between hardware and software?

A: 10 Computer hardware is any physical device used in or with your

machine, whereas software is a collection of codes installed onto your

computer's hard drive.

 Past Paper 2015

Q: Answer the following questions?

Q: 1 What is Flash memory?

A: 1 Flash Memory: Flash memory is a non-volatile memory chip used for

storage and for transferring data between a personal computer (PC) and
digital devices.
Q: 2 Define Data Communication?

A: 2 Data Communication: Data communications (DC) is the process of

using computing and communication technologies to transfer data from one
place to another, or between participating parties.
Q: 3 Differentiate between Impact and Non-Impact printers?

A: 3 Impact Printers: Impact printers form images and characters by

striking a mechanism such as a print hammer or wheel against an inked
ribbon, leaving an image on paper.

Non-Impact Printers: Non-impact printers form characters and images

without direct physical contact between the printing mechanism and the
paper.
Q: 4 What is Touchpad?

A: 4 Touchpad: A touchpad is a device for pointing (controlling input

positioning) on a computer display screen. It is an alternative to the mouse.
Q: 5 Explain Header and Footer in MS Word?

A: 5 A header is the top margin of each page, and a footer is the bottom

margin of each page. Headers and footers are useful for including material

that you want to appear on every page of a document such as your name, the

title of the document, or page numbers.

Q: 6 What is Modem also name its types?

A: 6 Modem: It is a hardware component that allows a computer or another

device, such as a router or switch, to connect to the Internet.

Types of Modem:

Cable, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), Dial-up.

Q: 7 Differentiate between Database and Database Management System?

A: 7 Database: A database is a logically modeled cluster of information

[data] that is typically stored on a computer or other type of hardware that is
easily accessible in various ways.

Database Management System: A database management system is a

computer program or other piece of software that allows one to access,
interact with, and manipulate a database.
Q: 8 What is Biometric input?

A: 8 Biometric Point: A biometric input device measures a unique physical

characteristic of a person. The most common biometric devices are used to
input a person's fingerprint into a computer.
Q: 9 What are types of computer networks?

A: 9 Followings are the types of computer networks:

• Personal Area Network (PAN).

• Local Area Network (LAN).

• Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN).

• Campus Area Network (CAN).

• Metropolitan Area Network (MAN).

• Wide Area Network (WAN).

Q: 10 What does mean by Computer security?

A: 10 Computer Security: Computer security, also called cyber-security,

the protection of computer systems and information from harm, theft, and
unauthorized use. Computer hardware is typically protected by the same
means used to protect other valuable or sensitive equipment—namely, serial
numbers, doors and locks, and alarms.
 Past Paper 2016

Q: Answer the following questions?

Q: 1 What is ALU?

A: 1 ALU: ALU stands for arithmetic and logical unit. An arithmetic-logic

unit (ALU) is the part of a computer processor (CPU) that carries out
arithmetic and logic operations on the operands in computer instruction
words. In some processors, the ALU is divided into two units, an arithmetic
unit (AU) and a logic unit (LU).
Q: 2 What is Modem? Also name its types.

A: 2 Modem: It is a hardware component that allows a computer or another

device, such as a router or switch, to connect to the Internet.

Types of Modem:

Cable, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), Dial-up.

Q: 3 Differentiate between Database and Database Management System?

A: 3 Database: A Database is a logically modeled cluster of information

[data] that is typically stored on a computer or other type of hardware that is
easily accessible in various ways.

Database Management System: A database management system is a

computer program or other piece of software that allows one to access,
interact with, and manipulate a database.
Q: 4 What is Web Browser?

A: 4 Web Browser: A “web browser”, or simply ‘browser’, is an application

used to access and view websites. Common web browsers include Microsoft
Edge, Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Apple Safari.
Q: 5 What does it mean by application software?

A: 5 Application Software: A program or a set of programs that are

specially designed to perform a specific task to solve a specific problem is
called application software.
Q: 6 What are Impact printers?

A: 6 Impact Printers: An impact printer works like a typewriter. It

produces output on paper by striking a print hammer or set of pins against an
inked ribbon. The ink is pressed from ribbon on the paper to produce the
output. It uses an electro-mechanical technique to print output on the paper.
Q: 7 What is WAN?

A: 7 WAN: A Wide Area Network (WAN) is a type of computer network that

covers a large area such as different cities of the country or different countries
of the world. Typically, a WAN consists of many LANs connected together
across a wide geographical area.
Q: 8 What is online searching?

A: 8 Online searching: It is the process of interactively searching for and

retrieving requested information via a computer from database that are

online. Interactive searches became possible in the 1980s with the advent of

faster database and smart terminals.

Q: 9 Differentiate between Excel book and Worksheet?

A: 9 The workbook is the entire book, while the worksheet is a single page

within that book. A workbook can contain, at minimum, one worksheet, and

up to a very large number of worksheets that is only limited by the available

memory on your computer. Worksheets can be added, deleted or renamed

within the workbook.

Q: 10 What is GUI?

A: 10 GUI (Graphical User Interface): In this interface user

communicate with the computer through visual environment provided by
operating system. It uses icons, windows, menus and other graphical objects
to issue commands.
 Past Paper 2017

Q: Answer the following questions?

Q: 1 Differentiate between Webpage and URL with example?

A: 1 Webpage: A web page is a simple document displayable by a browser.

It is a hypertext document provided by a website and displayed to a user in a
web browser.

URL: It is the mechanism used by browsers to retrieve any published

resource on the web. URL stands for (Uniform Resource Locator). A URL is
nothing more than the address of a given unique resource on the Web.
Q: 2 Differentiate between Dual-Core Microprocessors and Quad-Code

Microprocessor?

A: 2 The difference between Dual-Core and Quad-Core is that dual-core has

two core processors and are useful for individuals who require energy
efficient and cost-effective computers for basic multitasking and day-to-day
activities like going through their email or surfing the internet. Quad-core has
four core processors and are useful for individuals who require faster speed
and can manage numerous tasks simultaneously.
Q: 3 What is machine cycle?

A: 3 Machine Cycle: A machine cycle consists of the steps that a computer's

processor executes whenever it receives a machine language instruction. It is
the most basic CPU operation, and modern CPUs are able to perform millions
of machine cycles per second. The cycle consists of three standard steps: fetch,
decode and execute.
Q: 4 Define factors which play the key role to determine the picture quality?

A: 4 The main factors in picture quality are field of view (how much of the

view is captured), depth of field (how much of the image is in focus) and

sharpness (how detailed the image is, both in the center and corners).
Q: 5 Differentiate between LCD and LED?

A: 5 LED stands for Light Emitting Diode while LCD is short for Liquid

Crystal Display. The difference between the two is the placement and type of

light used. LEDs use diodes while LCDs use fluorescent lights. LEDs are also

slimmer than LCDs and provide a better quality, clearer picture with high

definition output.
Q: 6 Define Web Browser with two examples?

A: 6 Web Bowser: A “Web Browser” or simply ‘Browser’ is an application

used to access and view websites.

Examples are: Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox,

Microsoft Edge etc….
Q: 7 Differentiate between Database and Database Management System?

A: 7 Database: A database is a logically modeled cluster of information

[data] that is typically stored on a computer or other type of hardware that is
easily accessible in various ways.

Database Management System: A database management system is a

computer program or other piece of software that allows one to access,
interact with, and manipulate a database.
Q: 8 Define CLI and GUI?

A: 8 CLI and GUI are two types of User Interfaces. CLI stands for Command

Line Interface while GUI stands for Graphical User Interface.

CLI connects a user to a computer program or operating system. The

command is typed on a specific line following a visual prompt from the

computer.

GUI is a type of user interface through which users interact with electronic

devices via visual indicator representations.

Q: 9 Define Modulation and Demodulation?

A: 9 Modulation: Modulation is the process of encoding information in a

transmitted Signal.

Demodulation: Demodulation is the process of extracting information from

the transmitted signal.
Q: 10 Differentiate between Excel Work Book and Excel Work Sheet?

A: 10 The workbook is the entire book, while the worksheet is a single page

within that book. A workbook can contain, at minimum, one worksheet, and

up to a very large number of worksheets that is only limited by the available

memory on your computer. Worksheets can be added, deleted or renamed

within the workbook.

 Past Paper 2018

Q: Answer the following questions?

Q: 1 Differentiate between SSD and HDD?

A: 1 HDD: A hard disk drive (HDD) is a traditional storage device that uses

mechanical platters and a moving read/write head to access data.

SSD: A solid state drive (SSD) is a newer, faster type of device that stores
data on instantly-accessible memory chips.
Q: 2 Define data and information?

A: 2 Data: Data is a raw and unorganized fact that is required to be

processed to make it meaningful.

Information: Information is a set of data that is processed.

Q: 3 Define Internet. How does the Internet work?

A: 3 Internet: The internet is a worldwide computer network that transmits

a variety of data and media across interconnected devices.

It works by using a packet routing network that follows Internet Protocol (IP)
and Transport Control Protocol.
Q: 4 What are the major components of a computer network?

A: 4 Followings are the major components of a computer network:

• National Interface Card (NIC).

• Hub.

• Switches.

• Cables and Connectors.

• Server.

• Client.

• Modem.

• Router.
Q: 5 Define network and protocol?

A: 5 Network: A Network is a group of two or more computers or other

electronic devices that are interconnected for the purpose of exchanging data
and sharing resources.

Protocol: A protocol is a set of rules and guidelines for communicating data.

Rules are defined for each step and process during communication between
two or more computers. Networks have to follow these rules to successfully
transmit data.
Q: 6 Differentiate between Intranet and Internet?

A: 6 Internet: The Internet is a globally-connected network of computers

that enables people to share information and communicate with each other.

Intranet: An intranet, on the other hand, is a local or restricted network that

enables people to store, organize, and share information within an
organization.
Q: 7 Define Web Browser with two examples?

A: 6 Web Browser: A “Web Browser” or simply ‘Browser’ is an application

used to access and view websites.

Examples are: Internet Explorer, Google Chrome.

Q: 8 What do you mean by multitasking?

A: 8 Multitasking: Multitasking, the running of multiple programs (sets of

instructions) in one computer at the same time. Multitasking is used to keep
all of a computer's resources at work as much of the time as possible.
Q: 9 What are the advantages of using database?

A: 9 Followings are the advantages of using database:

• Sharing of Data.

• Data Integrity.

• Data Security.

• Privacy.

• Backup and Recovery.

• Data Consistency.
Q: 10 Differentiate between volatile and non-volatile memory?

A: 10 Volatile memories is the type of memory in which data is lost as it is

powered-off. Contents of volatile memory are stored temporarily. Non-volatile

memory is the type of memory in which data remains stored even if it is

powered-off. Contents of non-volatile memory are stored permanently.

 Past Paper 2019

Q: Answer the following questions?

Q: 1 Differentiate between system software and application software?

A: 1 System Software: System software is meant to manage the system

resources. It serves as the platform to run application software.

Application Software: Application software helps perform a specific set of

functions for which they have been designed. Application software is user
specific and it is not needed to run the system on the whole.
Q: 2 Define hardcopy and softcopy?

A: 2 Hard Copy: Hard copy is a printed document file. Hard copy does not
require an electronic interface like computers or mobiles etc. to read and
display.

Soft Copy: Soft copy is a non-printed document file. Soft copy requires an
electronic interface like computers or mobiles etc. to read and display.
Q: 3 Define Computer Network. How does the Internet work?

A: 3 Computer Network: A computer network is a set of computers

sharing resources located on or provided by network nodes. Two basic
network types are local-area networks (LANs) and wide-area networks
(WANs).

The internet is a worldwide computer network that transmits a variety of data

and media across interconnected devices. It works by using a packet routing

network that follows Internet Protocol (IP) and Transport Control Protocol.
Q: 4 What are the major components of a computer network?

A: 4 Followings are the major components of a computer network:

• National Interface Card (NIC).

• Hub.

• Switches.

• Cables and Connectors.

• Server.

• Client.

• Modem.

• Router.
Q: 5 What is a barcode and what it is used for?

A: 5 Barcode: A barcode is an image consisting of a series of parallel black

and white lines that, when scanned, relays information about a product.
Barcodes are applied to products as a means of quick identification.
Q: 6 Differentiate between LAN and WAN?

A: 6 LAN: A LAN (local area network) is a group of computers and network

devices connected together, usually within the same building.

WAN: A WAN (wide area network) connects several LANs, and may be
limited to an enterprise (a corporation or an organization) or accessible to the
public.
Q: 7 Define website hosting?

A: 7 Website Hosting: A website hosting service is a type of Internet hosting

service that allows individuals and organizations to make their website
accessible via the World Wide. Web hosts are companies that provide space
on a server owned or leased for use by clients, as well as providing Internet
connectivity, typically in a data center.
Q: 8 What is Radio frequency identification and its daily use in life?

A: 8 RFID, radio frequency identification technology is now widespread in

very many areas or everyday life. RFID technology is used to track and locate

items using simple low cost RFID tags that can be attached to goods or any

other items. These tags are most widely seen in shops where they help prevent

shoplifting theft.
Q: 9 What is database?

A: 9 Database: A Database is an organized collection of structured

information, or data, typically stored electronically in a computer system. A
database is usually controlled by a database management system (DBMS).
The data can then be easily accessed, managed, modified, updated, controlled,
and organized.
Q: 10 Differentiate between RAM and ROM?

A: 10 RAM, which stands for random access memory, and ROM, which

stands for read-only memory, are both present in your computer. RAM is

volatile memory that temporarily stores the files you are working on. ROM is

non-volatile memory that permanently stores instructions for your computer.

 Past Paper 2020

Q: Answer the following questions?

Q: 1 Define computer hacking?

A: 1 Computer Hacking: Computer hacking is the unauthorized act of

accessing computer systems to steal, modify, or destroy data.
Q: 2 Explain the use of tape devices?

A: 2 A tape drive is a data storage device that reads and writes data on a
magnetic tape. Magnetic-tape data storage is typically used for offline,
archival data storage. Tape media generally has a favorable unit cost and a
long archival stability.
Q: 3 Define Computer Network. How does the Internet work?

A: 3 Computer Network: A computer network is a set of computers

sharing resources located on or provided by network nodes. Two basic
network types are local-area networks (LANs) and wide-area networks
(WANs).

The internet is a worldwide computer network that transmits a variety of data

and media across interconnected devices. It works by using a packet routing

network that follows Internet Protocol (IP) and Transport Control Protocol.
Q: 4 What is the difference between Hub and Switch?

A: 4 Hub and Switch are both network connecting devices. Hub works at

physical layer and is responsible to transmit the signal to port to respond

where the signal was received whereas Switch enable connection setting and

terminating based on need.

Q: 5 What is the difference between single tasking and multi-tasking?

A: 5 Executing only one job at a time is called single tasking. Executing

several jobs at a time is called multi-tasking. In single tasking, the processor

time is wasted, but in multi-tasking, we can utilize the processor time in an

optimum way.
Q: 6 Differentiate between CLI and GUI?

A: 8 CLI and GUI are two types of User Interfaces. CLI stands for Command

Line Interface while GUI stands for Graphical User Interface.

CLI connects a user to a computer program or operating system. The

command is typed on a specific line following a visual prompt from the

computer.

GUI is a type of user interface through which users interact with electronic

devices via visual indicator representations.

Q: 7 What is the difference between LAN and WAN?

A: 7 LAN: A LAN (local area network) is a group of computers and network

devices connected together, usually within the same building.

WAN: A WAN (wide area network) connects several LANs, and may be
limited to an enterprise (a corporation or an organization) or accessible to the
public.
Q: 8 What is use of biometrics?

A: 8 Biometrics is the measurement and statistical analysis of people's unique

physical and behavioral characteristics. The technology is mainly used

for identification and access control or for identifying individuals who are

under surveillance.
Q: 9 What is the use of search engine in information searching?

A: 9 Search Engine: A search engine is a software program that helps

people find the information they are looking for online using keywords or
phrases. Search engines are able to return results quickly even with millions
of websites online by scanning the Internet continuously and indexing every
page they find.
Q: 10 Differentiate between CD and DVD?

A: 10 The main difference between CD and DVD is storage format where the
CD is an audio storage format while DVD is a universal storage format.
Besides that, additional differences are storage capacity, playback ability, and
double-side recording available just on DVDs.
 Past Paper 2021

Q: Answer the following questions?

Q: 1 Explain the following:

(a) Bus.
(b) Bay.
(c) World wide web.

A: 1

(a) Bus: A bus is a subsystem that is used to connect computer

components and transfer data between them. For example, an
internal bus connects computer internals to the motherboard. A “bus
topology” or design can also be used in other ways to describe digital
connections. A bus may be parallel or serial. Parallel buses transmit
data across multiple wires. Serial buses transmit data in bit-serial
format.

(b) Bay: Bay refers to a space or slot in a computing device where you
can insert a specific type of hardware component or peripheral. It is
often used to expand or enhance the device's functionality. Bays are
commonly found in computers, servers, and networking equipment.
(c) World Wide Web: The World Wide Web (abbreviated WWW or
the Web) is an information space where documents and other web
resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs),
interlinked by hypertext links, and can be accessed via the Internet.
English scientist Tim Berners- Lee invented the World Wide Web in
1989.
Q: 2 Define E-Commerce. Give an example of an E-Commerce?

A: 2 Ecommerce is a method of buying and selling goods and services online.

The definition of ecommerce business can also include tactics like affiliate
marketing. You can use ecommerce channels such as your own website, an
established selling website like Amazon, or social media to drive online sales.

Examples of e-commerce include dropshipping, crowdfunding, electronic

payment, online subscriptions, internet banking, online shopping, and digital
transactions. For example, online shopping through Amazon or electronic
payment systems like PayPal.

Online stores like: Daraz, Telemart, Best Buy Mall, Vmart, Yayvo, GOTO,
iShopping, Shophive etc….
 Past Paper 2022

Q: Answer the following questions?

Q: 1 Explain the concept of UPC (Universal Product Copy)?

A: 1 UPC: The Universal Product Code (UPC) is a type of barcode that is

widely used in retail and grocery stores. It consists of a series of black bars
and white spaces that represent a unique numerical code for a specific
product. The UPC is scanned by a barcode reader at the checkout counter,
allowing the store to quickly and accurately identify the product and retrieve
its price from the store's database. This helps streamline the checkout process
and maintain accurate inventory records. UPCs are used worldwide and have
become a standard method of product identification in the retail industry.
Q: 2 What is MICR?

A: 2 MICR: MICR stands for Magnetic Ink Character Recognition. It's a

technology used in banking to process checks. MICR uses special ink
containing iron oxide, which can be magnetized. The numbers and characters
printed with this ink are machine-readable and can be easily recognized by
MICR readers. This technology allows banks to efficiently and accurately
process checks by automatically reading the MICR line, which contains
important information such as the bank's routing number, account number,
and check number. It helps in speeding up check processing and reducing
errors.
Q: 3 What is the concept of 3D-Sheets in MS Excel?

A: 3 In Excel, 3D-Sheets refer to a feature that allows you to work with

multiple sheets simultaneously. It's like stacking multiple sheets on top of each
other to perform calculations or analysis across different sheets. By using 3D-
Sheets, you can create formulas or functions that reference cells from multiple
sheets, making it easier to consolidate and analyze data from different
sources. It's a handy feature when you're dealing with large datasets or
complex calculations that span across multiple sheets in Excel.
Q: 4 What is artificial intelligence?

A: 4 Artificial Intelligence: Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the

development of computer systems that can perform tasks that typically
require human intelligence. It involves creating algorithms and models that
enable machines to learn from data, recognize patterns, make decisions, and
perform tasks without explicit programming. AI encompasses various
subfields, such as machine learning, natural language processing, computer
vision, and robotics. AI technology is used in many applications, including
virtual assistants, autonomous vehicles, recommendation systems, and
medical diagnostics. It's an exciting field that continues to advance and shape
our digital world.
Q: 5 What is meant by a record in database?

A: 5 In a database, a record refers to a collection of related data that is treated

as a single unit. It's like a row in a table that contains information about a
specific entity or object. For example, in a database of employees, each record
would represent an individual employee and contain data such as their name,
employee ID, department, and salary. Records are organized into tables, and
each record has its own set of fields or attributes that define the specific data
it holds. By organizing data into records, databases allow for efficient storage,
retrieval, and manipulation of information.
Q: 6 Write the formula to calculate the average of cell B2 and B3 in MS
Excel?

A: 6 To calculate the average of cell B2 and B3 in MS Excel, you can use the
formula: =(B2+B3)/2. This formula adds the values in B2 and B3 and then
divides the sum by 2 to get the average.
Q: 7 What is robot?

A: 7 Robot: A robot is a machine that is designed to perform tasks

autonomously or with minimal human intervention. It can be programmed to
carry out specific actions or functions, often mimicking human movements or
behaviors. Robots can be found in various industries and settings, such as
manufacturing, healthcare, exploration, and even in our homes. They come in
different forms, from industrial robots used in factories to robotic vacuum
cleaners. The field of robotics continues to advance, making robots more
capable and versatile in their abilities.
Q: 8 How can you use multiple Operating System on a disk?

A: 8 To use multiple operating systems on a single disk, you can set up a

process called dual-booting. It allows you to install and run multiple operating
systems on your computer. During the installation process, you'll partition
your disk into separate sections, each dedicated to a different operating
system. Then, when you start your computer, you can choose which operating
system to boot into. This way, you can enjoy the benefits of different operating
systems on the same machine.
Q: 9 Differentiate between multitasking and multiprocessing?

A: 9 Multitasking: Multitasking refers to the ability of an operating system

to run multiple tasks or programs concurrently. It allows you to switch
between different tasks seamlessly, giving the illusion of running multiple
programs simultaneously. For example, you can have a web browser open
while also listening to music and editing a document. The operating system
divides the CPU's time and resources among these tasks, quickly switching
between them to provide a smooth user experience.

Multiprocessing: Multiprocessing involves the use of multiple CPUs or

processor cores to execute tasks simultaneously. It's like having multiple
workers working on different tasks at the same time. Each CPU or core can
handle its own set of instructions independently, allowing for true parallel
processing. Multiprocessing is commonly used in high-performance
computing and tasks that require intensive computational power, such as
scientific simulations or video rendering.
Q: 10 Define pirated software?

A: 10 Pirated Software: Pirated software refers to unauthorized copies of

software that are distributed or used without the permission of the software's
copyright holder. It typically involves the illegal downloading, copying, or
distribution of software, often bypassing the need to purchase a legitimate
license. Pirated software is a violation of intellectual property rights and is
considered illegal in many countries. Using pirated software can have serious
consequences, including legal repercussions and potential harm to your
computer, as pirated software may contain malware or other security risks.
It's always best to use legitimate, licensed software to ensure compliance with
copyright laws and to support the developers who create the software.
Q: 11 How computers are useful in weather forecasting?

A: 11 Computers play a crucial role in weather forecasting. They help

meteorologists collect, process, and analyze vast amounts of data from
weather stations, satellites, and other sources. By using complex mathematical
models and algorithms, computers can simulate and predict weather patterns,
helping forecasters make more accurate predictions. These models take into
account various factors like temperature, humidity, wind speed, and
atmospheric pressure to create forecasts. Computers also enable
meteorologists to visualize and interpret data through advanced graphical
tools, making it easier to understand and communicate weather information
to the public. With the help of computers, weather forecasting has become
more precise and reliable, helping us stay informed and prepared for
changing weather conditions.
Q: 12 Explain the concept of e-commerce?

A: 12 E-commerce, short for electronic commerce, is all about buying and

selling things online. It's like having a virtual marketplace where you can
browse through products, add them to your cart, and make purchases using
the internet. Instead of going to a physical store, you can shop from the
comfort of your own home or wherever you have an internet connection. E-
commerce websites and platforms allow businesses to showcase their products
or services, and customers can easily explore different options, compare
prices, read reviews, and make secure online payments. It's a convenient way
to shop and has become increasingly popular in recent years.
Q: 13 Why ROM is called non-volatile memory?

A: 13 ROM is called non-volatile memory because it retains data even when

the power is turned off. Unlike volatile memory, such as RAM, which loses its
data when power is disconnected, ROM (Read-Only Memory) is designed to
store permanent instructions or data that are not meant to be changed or
erased. It is non-volatile, meaning it maintains its contents even without
power. This characteristic makes ROM useful for storing essential system
instructions and firmware that need to be preserved even during power cycles
or system shutdowns.
Q: 14 What is the purpose of network layer?

A: 14 The purpose of the network layer is to facilitate communication between

different networks. It handles the routing of data packets, ensuring that they
are properly addressed and delivered to their intended destinations across
multiple networks. The network layer also manages logical addressing, such
as IP addresses, to uniquely identify devices on a network. It plays a crucial
role in enabling end-to-end connectivity and allows different networks to
interoperate and exchange data efficiently.
Q: 15 Differentiate between web page and web site?

A: 15 Web Page: A web page is a single document or file that contains

information, like text, images, and multimedia, displayed on a web browser. It
is a specific part of a website and represents a single page of content.

Web Site: A web site is a collection of related web pages that are
interconnected and share a common domain or URL. It consists of multiple
web pages and may include various sections, such as home, about, products,
and contact pages. A website is a complete entity that provides a broader
range of information and functionality to users.
 Past Paper 2023

Q: Answer the following questions?

Q: 1 What is the Internet? How does it work?

A: 1 The internet is like a big network that connects millions of computers

and devices worldwide. It allows us to share information, communicate, and
access various online services. It works through a system of interconnected
networks, which use standard protocols to transmit and exchange data.

When you send a request, like opening a website or sending a message, it gets
divided into small data packets. These packets travel through different
routers and networks, following the most efficient path to reach their
destination. Each packet contains information about its source, destination,
and the data itself.

The routers along the way help direct the packets, ensuring they reach the
right destination. Once the packets arrive, they are reassembled to retrieve
the original information. This process happens incredibly fast, allowing us to
browse websites, send emails, stream videos, and do so much more on the
internet.
Q: 2 Discuss the various input devices used to interact with a computer?

A: 2 Followings are various input devices that we can use to interact with a
computer:

1. Keyboard: This is one of the most familiar input devices. We use it to type
text, enter commands, and navigate through different options.

2. Mouse: A mouse allows us to move a cursor on the screen and select or

click on different items. It typically has buttons that perform various
functions.

3. Touchscreen: Touchscreens are becoming increasingly popular. We can

interact with the computer by directly touching the screen, eliminating the
need for a separate mouse or keyboard.

4. Trackpad: Trackpads are commonly found on laptops. They function

similarly to a mouse, allowing us to move the cursor by sliding our fingers on
the surface.
5. Scanner: Scanners are used to convert physical documents or images into
digital files. They capture the content and transfer it to the computer for
further processing.

6. Microphone: A microphone is an input device that allows us to record

audio or provide voice commands to the computer.

7. Webcam: Webcams capture video and audio, enabling us to have video

calls, record videos, or take pictures.
Q: 3 What is Microsoft Excel? Discuss the basic Formulas / Functions of
Excel?

A: 3 Microsoft Excel: Microsoft Excel is a popular spreadsheet program

that allows you to organize and analyze data efficiently. It provides a range of
powerful formulas and functions that help perform calculations and automate
tasks. Here are some basic formulas/functions in Excel:

1. SUM: Adds up a range of numbers. For example, =SUM(A1:A5) adds the

values in cells A1 to A5.

2. AVERAGE: Calculates the average of a range of numbers. For example,

=AVERAGE(B1:B5) gives the average of values in cells B1 to B5.

3. MAX/MIN: Returns the highest or lowest value in a range. For example,

=MAX(C1:C5) gives the maximum value in cells C1 to C5.

4. COUNT: Counts the number of cells in a range that contain numbers. For
example, =COUNT(D1:D5) counts the number of cells in D1 to D5 that have
numbers.
5. IF: Performs a logical test and returns different values based on the result.
For example, =IF(E1>10, "Yes", "No") checks if the value in cell E1 is greater
than 10 and returns "Yes" or "No" accordingly.

6. VLOOKUP: Searches for a value in the first column of a range and

returns a corresponding value from another column. For example,
=VLOOKUP(F1, A1:B5, 2, FALSE) looks for the value in cell F1 in column A
and returns the corresponding value from column B.
Q: 4 What is the difference between save and save as, and how do you move
through a word document?

A: 4 When it comes to saving a Word document, there are two options:

"Save" and "Save As."

Save: "Save" is used to save the changes made to an existing document.

When you click "Save," the document is saved with the same name and in the
same location as before.

Save As: "Save As" allows you to save the document with a new name or in a
different location. It creates a separate copy of the document, while leaving
the original document unchanged. This is useful when you want to create a
new version of the document or save it in a different folder or format.

To move through a Word document, you can use various methods:

1. Scroll: You can scroll up or down using the scroll bar on the right side of
the document or by using the scroll wheel on your mouse.

2. Page Up/Down: Pressing the "Page Up" or "Page Down" key on your
keyboard allows you to move one page up or down in the document.
3. Arrow Keys: You can use the arrow keys on your keyboard to move line
by line or character by character within the document.

4. Navigation Pane: The navigation pane on the left side of the document
allows you to quickly move to different sections, headings, or pages within the
document.

5. Go To: The "Go To" feature in Word allows you to jump to a specific
page, section, or location within the document by specifying a page number,
heading, or bookmark.
Q: 5 What are some ethical and security issues related to information
assurance?

A: 5 When it comes to information assurance, there are several ethical and

security issues to consider:

1. Privacy: Protecting the privacy of individuals and ensuring that their

personal information is handled responsibly and securely is a key ethical
concern. It's important to have proper safeguards in place to prevent
unauthorized access or disclosure of sensitive data.

2. Data Integrity: Ensuring the accuracy and reliability of data is crucial.

Unauthorized modification or tampering with data can have serious
consequences, leading to misinformation or incorrect decision-making.

3. Data Breaches: The security of information systems is a major concern.

Data breaches can result in the unauthorized access, theft, or exposure of
sensitive information, such as personal data or trade secrets. Organizations
need to implement robust security measures to prevent and detect such
breaches.
4. Cybersecurity: Protecting against cyber threats, such as malware,
phishing attacks, and hacking attempts, is essential. Ethical considerations
include implementing strong security measures, regularly updating software,
and educating users about best practices to minimize the risk of cyberattacks.

5. Information Access: Ensuring fair and equal access to information is an

ethical concern. It's important to prevent discrimination or bias in providing
access to information, especially in cases where it may impact individuals or
communities disproportionately.

6. Compliance: Adhering to legal and regulatory requirements related to

information assurance is crucial. Organizations need to comply with laws
regarding data protection, privacy, and security, and ensure that their
practices align with industry standards and best practices.
Q: 6 Differentiate between the various categories of computers?

A: 6 Computers can be categorized into different types based on their size,

functionality, and purpose. Here are a few categories:

1. Personal Computers (PCs): These are the most common type of

computers used by individuals for personal tasks, such as browsing the
internet, creating documents, and playing games. PCs include desktop
computers, laptops, and tablets.

2. Servers: Servers are powerful computers that provide services to other

computers or devices on a network. They store and manage data, host
websites, handle email communication, and perform other network-related
tasks.

3. Mainframes: Mainframe computers are large, high-performance

machines used by organizations for processing large amounts of data and
running critical business applications. They are known for their reliability,
scalability, and ability to handle multiple tasks simultaneously.
4. Supercomputers: Supercomputers are extremely powerful computers
designed to perform complex calculations and process large amounts of data
at incredibly high speeds. They are used for scientific research, weather
forecasting, simulations, and other computationally intensive tasks.

5. Embedded Systems: Embedded systems are specialized computers

designed to perform specific functions within devices or systems. They are
commonly found in appliances, automobiles, medical devices, and industrial
equipment.