C A D M: Omputer Ided Esign and Anufacturing

C OMPUTER A IDED D ESIGN AND M ANUFACTURING
Dr. Mostafa Shazly

Faculty of Engineering, Room 211 Email: [email protected]
Introduction
CAD/CAM has been utilized in engineering practice in many ways including drafting, design, simulation, analysis, and manufacturing. CAD/CAM users become inefficient in using CAD/CAM systems unless they understand the fundamental concepts on which these systems are built. A CAD/CAM system spans four major areas:

Geometric Modeling, Computer Graphics, Design Applications, and Manufacturing Applications
Product Life Cycle
Scope of CAD/CAM
Activities of the CAD process include:

mass properties, finite element analysis, dimensioning, tolerancing, assembly modeling, generating shaded images, and Documentation and drafting.
Scope of CAD/CAM
Activities of the CAM process include:

CAPP (computer aided process planning), NC (numerical control) programming, design of injection molds, CMM (coordinate measuring machines) verifications, inspection, assembly via robots, and packaging.
Scope of CAD/CAM
The CAD process and its tools utilize three disciplines:

geometric modeling, computer graphics design.
The CAM process utilizes the disciplines of CAD itself, manufacturing, and automation.
CAD/CAM Systems
Hardware

Either a PC or a workstation with a mouse and a keyboard. High resolution screen High capacity graphics card Large memory and High storage A computer program written in C or C++ as the primary language and some other languages. The software has a multilayered GUI (graphical user interface) that provides users with menus and icons that enables them to perform CAD/CAM activities from creating geometry to running analyses and computations. CAD/CAM software utilizes a data structure to save the geometry and topology

Software
The data structure is a well-defined storage scheme that stores model data. A CAD database is the file that stores the model information.
CAD/CAM Modules
Geometric Engine (module) It provides users with functions to perform geometric modeling and construction, editing and manipulation of existing geometry, drafting and documentation. The typical modeling operations that users can engage in are: model creation, cleanup, documentation, and printing/plotting. The creation of a geometric model of an object represents a means and not a goal for engineers. Their ultimate goal is to be able to utilize the model for design and manufacturing purposes.
CAD/CAM Applications
Applications Module

Utilizes the geometric model for design and manufacturing purposes Common applications shared by most CAD/CAM systems are: Mechanical applications:

mass property calculations, assembly analysis, tolerance analysis and synthesis, sheet metal design, finite element modeling and analysis, mechanisms analysis, animation techniques, and simulation and analysis of plastic injection molding. CAPP, NC, CIM, robot simulation, and group technology.
Manufacturing applications:
CAD/CAM Applications
Programming Module
Allows users to customize systems by programming them to fit certain design and manufacturing tasks. It requires advanced knowledge of the system architecture, its database format, and a high-level programming language such as C, C++, and others.
Communications Module

It Allows the integration to be achieved between the CAD/CAM system, other computer systems, and manufacturing facilities. It serves the purpose of translating databases between CAD/CAM systems using graphics standards such as IGES and STEP.
CAD/CAM Systems
Low-end systems
They target users who are not sophisticated and whose products are not complex; a typical product consists of a small number of parts whose geometry is not complicated. These users tend to focus on basic geometric modeling and drafting. Examples include AutoCAD, Autodesk Inventor, and CADKEY.
Midrange systems

They target users who have complex modeling needs. The number of parts per product is large enough for midrange applications. Unlike low-end systems, midrange systems support design and manufacturing applications. They either bundle them with the geometric modeling engine or work with partners. Examples include SolidWorks, Pro/E, and MasterCAM.
CAD/CAM Systems
High-end systems
These systems support the modeling, analysis, and manufacturing of complex products such as airplanes, cars, and others. Examples include Unigraphics, Parasolid, SDRC I-DEAS, and CATIA.
Specialized systems

Include ACIS (Spatial Corp.) and Parasolid (EDS). Each provides a very robust and universal geometric modeling and graphics kernel (software) that companies can license to build fully functional CAD/CAM systems. ACIS software serves as the core kernel of these systems. SolidWorks and Unigraphics, SolidEdge are ACIS-enabled systems; they use ACIS as their kernel.

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C OMPUTER A IDED D ESIGN AND M ANUFACTURING

Dr. Mostafa Shazly

Geometric Modeling, Computer Graphics, Design Applications, and Manufacturing Applications

Product Life Cycle

Activities of the CAD process include:

Activities of the CAM process include:

The CAD process and its tools utilize three disciplines:

geometric modeling, computer graphics design.

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