‭PreCalc, Part 1‬

‭Unit 1 – Seeing Structures in Algebraic Expressions‬

‭ se this study guide to help you prepare for lesson quizzes, the unit test and assignment. The study guide contains‬
U
‭guided notes and practice activities to help focus your learning throughout the unit. The Study Guide is NOT graded; all‬
‭exercises are for you to practice and apply what you have learned in each lesson. For specific questions about any of the‬
‭content, please use the Ask the Teacher page in the course.‬

‭Unit Objectives‬
‭●‬ ‭Identify characteristics of algebraic expressions, including terms, variables, constants, and coefficients.‬

‭●‬ ‭Simplify polynomials and perform the four basic operations with them.‬

‭●‬ ‭Factor polynomials using various factoring methods.‬

‭●‬ ‭Simplify rational expressions using factoring.‬

‭●‬ ‭Complete operations of rational expressions using addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.‬

‭Lesson 1.1 Identifying Key Components of an Expression/ Introduction to Polynomials‬

L‭ esson Objective‬‭:‬
‭Important Definitions:‬‭Pay attention to these specific‬‭terms and write down their definitions and an example of‬
‭each one as you are watching the videos and looking at the readings.‬

‭terms‬‭:‬

‭coefficients‬‭:‬

‭like terms‬‭:‬

‭constants‬‭:‬

‭standard form‬‭:‬

‭Example Problems:‬
‭1)‬ ‭Place the following problems in standard form. Once in standard form, identify the leading coefficient,‬
‭the degree, the number of terms, and the constant.‬
‭a)‬ ‭5x‬‭3‬‭+2x‬‭6‭+‬ 3x‬‭4‬‭+1‬
S‭ tandard form is:‬‭2x‬‭6‭+
‬
3x‬‭4‬ ‭+5x‬‭3‭+‬ 1‬
‭The degree is 6, the leading coefficient is 2, the number of terms is 4, the constant is 1‬
 ‭b)‬ ‭2x‬‭3‬‭+x‬‭5‬‭+3x‬‭4‭+‬ 5x‬‭2‭+‬ 7x‬
‭Standard form is:‬‭x‭5‬ ‭+ ‬
3x‬‭4‬‭+2x‬‭3‭+‬ 5x‬‭2‬‭+7x‬
T‭ he degree is 5; the leading coefficient is the implied 1; the number of terms is 5, and the‬
‭constant is 0.‬

‭2)‬ ‭Give examples of….‬

‭a)‬ ‭monomial:‬‭5, 2x, 5x‬‭3‭,‬ -2x‬‭2‬‭,4xy‬‭2‬
‭b)‬ ‭binomial:‬ ‭(2x+1), (2x‬‭2‭+
‬
5), (x‬‭3‬‭+4x‬‭2‭)‬ ,(x+y)‬
‭c)‬ ‭Trinomial:‬‭(x‬ ‭+2x+1), (x‬ ‭+2x‬‭2‬‭+1), (2x+3y+1)‬
‭2‬ ‭3‬

‭Practice Problems:‬ ‭Now, it is your turn.‬‭Follow the‬‭steps shown in the example problems.‬
‭ lace the following problems in standard form. Once in standard form, identify the leading coefficient, the‬
P
‭degree, the number of terms, and the constant.‬

‭2x‬‭4‬‭+2x‬‭5‬‭+6+5x‬ ‭6x‬‭2‬‭+3x‬‭9‭+‬ 2x‬‭5‬‭+2x‬ x‭ ‬‭3‭+‬ 3x‬‭7‬‭+3x‬‭2‬‭+1x‬‭4‬ ‭5x‬‭3‭+‬ 2+3x‬‭5‬‭+1x‬

‭Give an example of…‬

‭a constant term‬ ‭a binomial‬ ‭a term to the 3rd degree‬ ‭a trinomial‬

‭2‬
‭Lesson 1.2 Adding, Subtracting, Multiplying, and Dividing Polynomials‬
‭Lesson Objective‬‭:‬‭Simplify polynomials and perform‬‭the four basic operations with them.‬

I‭ mportant Definitions:‬‭Pay attention to these specific‬‭terms and write down their definitions and an example of‬
‭each one as you are watching the videos and looking at the readings.‬
‭Polynomial‬‭:‬

‭Example Problems:‬
‭1)‬ ‭Add:‬‭(2x‬‭2‬‭+3x+1)+(3x‬‭3‭-‬ 5x‬‭2‬‭+1x-2)‬
‭Add like terms and simplify (3x‬‭3‭)‬ + (2x‬‭2‬‭-5x‬‭2‭)‬ + (3x+1x)+(1-2)‬
‭3x‬‭3‬‭-3x‬‭2‬‭+4x+-1‬

‭2)‬ S‭ ubtract:‬‭(2x‬‭2‭+
‬
3x+1)-(3x‬‭3‭-‬ 5x‬‭2‬‭+1x-2)‬
‭Distribute the negative the second polynomial and change the subtraction of polynomials to addition of‬
‭polynomials. Then add like terms and simplify.‬
(‭ 2x‬‭2‬‭+3x+1)-(3x‬‭3‬‭-5x‬‭2‭+‬ 1x-2)‬
‭(2x‬‭2‬‭+3x+1)+(-3x‬‭3‬‭+5x‬‭2‭-‬ 1x+2)‬
‭(-3x‬‭3‭)‬ + (2x‬‭2‬‭+5x‬‭2‭)‬ + (3x-1x)+(1+2)‬
‭-3x‬‭3‭+‬ 7x‬‭2‬‭+2x+3‬

‭ ultiply:‬‭( 2x‬‭2‭+
‭3)‬ M ‬
1x+1)(x-3)‬
‭Distribute every term in the first polynomial to every term in the second polynomial.‬
‭ x‬‭2‭(‬ x-3)+1x(x-3)+1(x-3)‬
2
‭2x‬‭3‭-‬ 6x‬‭2‬‭+1x‬‭2‬‭-3x+1x-3‬
‭Add like terms and simplify…‬
‭2x‬‭3‭-‬ 5x‬‭2‬‭-2x-3‬

‭4)‬ ‭Divide‬‭x‭2‬ ‬‭+5x+6 by x+2‬

‭a)‬ ‭Divide‬‭x‬‭2‬‭+5x+6 by x+2‬‭by using long division‬

‭3‬
‭b)‬ ‭Divide‬‭x‭2‬ ‭+
‬
5x+6 by x+2‬‭by using synthetic Division‬

‭c)‬ ‭Divide‬‭x‭2‬ ‭-‬ 9 by x+1‬‭using long division and synthetic‬‭division.‬

‭4‬
‭Practice Problems:‬ ‭Now, it is your turn.‬‭Follow the‬‭steps shown in the example problems.‬
‭Complete the following operations of functions.‬

‭(2x‬‭2‬‭+3x-1)+(3x‬‭3‬‭-1x‬‭2‬‭+5)‬ ‭(2x‬‭2‭+‬ 3x-1)-(3x‬‭3‬‭-1x‬‭2‭+‬ 5)‬

‭(x+3)(x‬‭2‬‭-2x+1)‬ ‭Divide by synthetic division and long division.‬

‭(2x‬‭2‬‭+3x-5)/(x-1)‬

‭5‬
‭Lesson 1.3 Factoring Polynomials‬
L‭ esson Objective‬‭:‬‭In this lesson, you will learn how‬‭to factor polynomials using GCF, factoring trinomials with‬
‭both a=1 and a≠ 1, the difference of squares, perfect square trinomials, sum & difference of cubes, and grouping.

I‭ mportant Definitions:‬‭Pay attention to these specific‬‭terms and write down their definitions and an example of‬
‭each one as you are watching the videos and looking at the readings.‬
‭Common factor‬‭:‬

‭Greatest Common factor‬‭:‬

‭Important Formulas‬‭:‬
‭Difference of Squares‬‭a‬‭2‭-‬ b‬‭2‭=
‬
(a+b)(a-b)‬
‭Sum of Cubes‬‭a‭3‬ ‬‭+b‬‭3‭=
‬
(a+b)(a‬‭2‭-‬ ab+b‬‭2‬‭)‬
‭Difference of Cubes‬‭a‭3‬ ‬‭-b‬‭3‬‭=(a-b)(a‬‭2‭+
‬
ab+b‬‭2‬‭)‬
‭Perfect Square Trinomial‬‭a‬‭2‭+
‬
2ab+b‬‭2‬‭=(a+b)‬‭2‬

E‭ xample Problems:‬
‭Factor the following polynomials‬

‭1)‬ ‭2x‬‭2‭+‬ 6x‬

‭ reatest common factor is 2x‬
G
‭2x(x+3)‬

‭2)‬ x‭ ‬‭2‬‭-9‬
‭Difference of Squares‬‭a‭2‬ ‬‭-b‬‭2‭=
‬
(a+b)(a-b)‬
x‭ ‬‭2‬‭-3‬‭2‬‭=(x-3)(x+3)‬

‭3)‬ ‭8x‬‭3‭+‬ 27‬

‭Sum of Cubes‬‭a‭3‬ ‭+
‬ ‭3‬
b‬ ‭=(a+b)(a‬‭2‭-‬ ab+b‬‭2‬‭)‬
‭(2x)‬‭3‬‭+3‬‭3‬‭=(2x+3)(4x‬‭2‭-‬ 6x+9)‬

‭4)‬ x‭ ‬‭2‬‭+6x+9‬
‭Perfect Square Trinomial‬‭a‬‭2‭+
‬
2ab+b‬‭2‬‭=(a+b)‬‭2‬
x‭ ‬‭2‬‭+2(3)(x)+3‬‭2‬‭=(x+3)(x+3)=(x+3)‬‭2‬

‭5)‬ x‭ ‬‭2‬‭-x-6‬
‭Trinomial leading coefficient of 1…..in the form‬‭ax‬‭2‬‭+bx+c‬
‭a=1, b=-1, c=-6‬
‭Find two numbers that multiply to get c, and those same two numbers sum to get b.‬

‭6‬
 x‭ ‬‭2‬‭-x-6 = (x-3)(x+2)‬

‭6)‬ ‭6x‬‭2‭+‬ 7x-3‬

‭Trinomial leading coefficient doesn’t equal 1‬

‭6x‬‭2‭+‬ 7x-3‬
‭6x‬‭2‭+‬ 9x-2x-3‬ ‭Once you have 4 terms, factor by‬‭grouping‬
‭3x(2x+3)-1(2x+3)‬ ‭Factor a GCF out of the first two‬‭terms and out of the last two terms‬
‭(3x-1)(2x+3)‬

‭7)‬ ‭Sum of squares…….not factorable‬

x‭ ‬‭2‬‭+9‬
‭ ot factorable with real numbers.‬
N
‭None of the following combinations work‬
(‭ x+3)(x+3)‬
‭(x-3)(x-3)‬
‭(x+3)(x-3)‬
‭(x-3)(x+3)‬

‭7‬
 ‭ ‬‭2‬‭+2x+7‬‭…….not factorable because…… we are to find‬‭factors of c that sum to b.‬
‭8)‬ x
‭Factors of (c) 7 are….(1)(7) and (-1)(-7)‬
‭The first one sums to 8, and the second one sums to -8.‬
‭Neither of these sums are equal to b=2.‬
‭So the trinomial is not factorable.‬

‭9)‬ ‭2x‬‭2‭+
‬
1x+9‬‭…….not factorable………we are to find factors‬‭of (a)(c) that sum to b.‬
‭(a)(c)= 18‬
‭Factors of 18 are:‬
‭1,18 2,9 3,6 -1,-18 -2,-9 -3,-6‬
‭These sum to‬
‭19 11 9 -19 -11 -9‬
‭None of these sums are equal to b=1 so the expression is not factorable.‬

‭Practice Problems:‬ ‭Now, it is your turn.‬‭Follow the‬‭steps shown in the example problems.‬
‭Factor the following problems if possible….‬

‭6x‬‭3‬‭+2x‬‭2‬ ‭4z‬‭2‭-‬ 49‬ x‭ ‭3‬ ‭-‬ 8‬ x‭ ‬‭2‬‭+8x+16‬

x‭ ‬‭2‭-‬ x-6‬ ‭8x‬‭2‭-‬ 2x-3‬ x‭ ‬‭2‭-‬ 3x+6‬ ‭2x‬‭2‬‭+17x+1‬

‭8‬
‭Lesson 1.4 Simplifying Rational Expressions‬
‭Lesson Objective‬‭:‬‭How to‬‭simplify rational expressions‬‭using factoring.‬

‭ hat is a rational expression? A rational expression is a fraction (ratio) in which the numerator and‬
W
‭denominator are both polynomials.‬

T‭ he goal when we are simplifying rational expressions is to rewrite the rational expression in its lowest terms by‬
‭factoring both the numerator and denominator and then canceling out all common factors between them.‬

‭Example problems‬
‭2‬
‭𝑥‬ ‭𝑥‬·‭𝑥‬
‭1)‬ ‭Simplify:‬ ‭𝑥‬ = ‭𝑥‬ = ‭𝑥‬ ‭Common factors‬‭reduce out of the rational expression.‬
‭2‬
(‭𝑥‬ −‭9)‬ (‭𝑥‬+‭3‬)(‭𝑥‬−‭3)‬
‭2)‬ ‭Simplify:‬ (‭𝑥‬+‭3)‬ = (‭𝑥‬+‭3‬)
‭=‬‭(x-3)‬ ‭Common factors reduce out of the rational‬‭expression.‬
‭3‬ ‭2‬
‭𝑥‬ −‭8‬ (‭𝑥−
‬ ‭2)‬ (‭𝑥‬ +‭2‭𝑥
‬ ‬+‭4)‬
‭3)‬ ‭Simplify:‬ ‭2‬ = ‭2‬ ‭=‭(‬ x-2)‬ ‭Common factors reduce out of the rational‬‭expression.‬
‭𝑥‬ +‭2‭𝑥
‬+
‬ ‭4‬ (‭𝑥‬ +‭2‬‭𝑥‬+‭4)‬
‭2‬ ‭2‬
‭𝑥‬ +‭9‬ ‭𝑥‬ +‭9‬
‭4)‬ ‭Simplify:‬ ‭𝑥‬
= ‭𝑥‬
‭The numerator‬‭was not factorable, and there were no common factors to‬
‭reduce out of the rational expression.‬
‭2‬
‭2‬‭𝑥‬ +‭5‬‭𝑥−
‬ ‭3‬ (‭2‬‭𝑥−
‬ ‭1)‬ (‭𝑥+
‬ ‭3)‬ (‭𝑥‬+‭3)‬
‭5)‬ ‭Simplify:‬ ‭2‬ ‭=‬(‭2‬‭𝑥−
‬ ‭1)‬ (‭𝑥−
‬ ‭3)‬
= (‭𝑥‬−‭3)‬
‭Common factors reduce out of the rational expression.‬
‭2‬‭𝑥‬ −‭7‬‭𝑥+
‬ ‭3‬

‭Practice Problems:‬ ‭Now, it is your turn.‬‭Follow the‬‭steps shown in the example problems.‬
‭If possible,‬‭simplify the following rational expressions.‬
‭2‬ ‭5‬ ‭2‬
‭𝑥‬ ‭𝑦‬ (‭𝑥‬ −‭25‬)
‭2‬
‭𝑥‬‭𝑦‬ (‭𝑥−
‬ ‭5‬)

‭2‬ ‭2‬
‭𝑥‬ +‭11‬‭𝑥‬+‭10‬ ‭𝑥‬ −‭36‬
‭𝑥‬+‭1‬ ‭𝑥+
‬ ‭6‬

‭9‬
‭Lesson 1.5 Addition and Subtraction of Rational Expressions‬
‭Lesson Objective‬‭:‬‭Complete operations of rational‬‭expressions using addition, subtraction.‬

I‭ mportant Definitions:‬‭Pay attention to these specific‬‭terms and write down their definitions and an example of‬
‭each one as you are watching the videos and looking at the readings.‬
‭LCD‬‭:‬

E‭ xample Problems:‬
‭Adding and Subtracting Rational Expression requires like denominators.‬

‭Problems already have like denominators….‬

‭‬
2 ‭5‭𝑥
‬‬ ‭2+
‬ ‭5‭𝑥
‬‬
‭1)‬ ‭𝑥‬
+ ‭𝑥‬
= ‭𝑥‬
‭This expression does not have‬‭any common factors to simplify.‬

‭3‬ ‭6‭𝑥
‬‬ (‭3‬−‭6‭𝑥
‬ ‬) ‭3‬(‭1‬−‭2‭𝑥
‬ )‬
‭2)‬ (‭𝑥‬+‭1‬)
− (‭𝑥+‬ ‭1)‬
= (‭𝑥+
‬ ‭1)‬
‭‬‭‬‭If possible,‬‭factor and simplify….‬ (‭𝑥+
‬ ‭1)‬
‭The numerator‬‭is factorable, but‬
(‭3‬−‭6‬‭𝑥)‬ ‭3‬(‭1‬−‭2‭𝑥
‬ )‬
‭there are no common factors to simplify. The final answer is‬ (‭𝑥+‬ ‭1‬)
‭or‬ (‭𝑥+ ‬ ‭1)‬

‭Problems that do not have like denominators.‬

‭2‬‭𝑥‬ ‭5‬‭𝑥‬
‭3)‬ ‭2‬ + ‭𝑦‬
‭𝑥‬‭𝑦‬
‭2‬
T‭ he LCD is‬‭𝑥𝑦‬ ‭‬‭𝑜𝑟‬‭‭𝑥
‬ 𝑦𝑦‬‭and multiply each fraction's‬‭numerator and denominator by the missing factors in‬
‭each fractions denominator to get the LCD. The first fraction’s denominator already contains the LCD, so‬
‭we don’t need to multiply the first fraction by anything. The second fraction’s denominator is y. It is‬
‭missing an (x) and a (y) in the LCD. So we need to multiply by (xy)‬

‭2‬‭𝑥‬ ‭5‭𝑥
‬‬ (‭𝑥𝑦‬)
‭2‬ + ‭𝑦‬
· (‭𝑥𝑦‬)
‭‭S‬ implify the 2nd‬‭fraction by multiplying.‬
‭𝑥‬‭𝑦‬
‭2‬
‭2‬‭𝑥‬ ‭5‭𝑥
‬ ‬ ‭𝑦‬
‭2‬ + ‭2‬ ‭Now that we have a‬‭common denominator, we can add‬
‭𝑥‬‭𝑦‬ ‭𝑥‭𝑦
‬‬
‭2‬
‭2‬‭𝑥‬+‭5‭𝑥
‬ ‬ ‭𝑦‬
‭2‬ ‭Factor and simplify if possible.‬
‭𝑥‭𝑦
‬‬
‭𝑥‬(‭2+
‬ ‭5‬‭𝑥𝑦‬)
‭2‬ ‭The numerator and denominator‬‭have a common factor (x), so it reduces out of the‬
‭𝑥‭𝑦
‬‬
‭expression.‬
(‭2‬+‭5‬‭𝑥𝑦‬)
‭𝑥‬
‭This is the final answer.‬

‭ ‬+‭3‬
𝑥 ‭−
𝑥 ‬ ‭1‬
‭4)‬ ‭𝑥‬−‭2‬
+ ‭𝑥+
‬ ‭1‬
‭The original problem does not‬‭have a common denominator. The LCD is (x+1)(x-2)‬

‭ ‬+‭1‬
𝑥 ‭+
𝑥 ‬ ‭3‬ ‭ ‬−‭1‬
𝑥 ‭−
𝑥 ‬ ‭2‬
‭𝑥‬+‭1‬
· ‭𝑥−
‬ ‭2‬
+ ‭𝑥‬+‭1‬
· ‭𝑥−
‬ ‭2‬
‭Multiply‬‭the numerator and denominator of each fraction by the‬
‭missing factor in the LCD.‬

‭10‬
 ‭2‬ ‭2‬
‭ ‬ +‭4‬‭𝑥+
𝑥 ‬ ‭3‬ ‭ ‬ −‭3‬‭𝑥‬+‭2‬
𝑥
(‭𝑥‬+‭1‬)(‭𝑥‬−‭2‬)
+ (‭𝑥+
‬ ‭1‬)(‭𝑥−‬ ‭2‬)
‭Simplify each fraction. Each fraction now has a common denominator.‬
‭We can add and subtract fractions once there is a common denominator.‬
‭2‬
‭ ‬‭𝑥‬ +‭1‭𝑥
2 ‬+
‬ ‭5‬
(‭𝑥‬+‭1‬)(‭𝑥−‬ ‭2‬)
‭Add like terms in the numerator.‬

‭Practice Problems:‬ ‭Now, it is your turn.‬‭Follow the‬‭steps shown in the example problems.‬
‭Add and subtract the following rational expressions.‬

‭2‬‭𝑥‬ ‭5‬‭𝑥‬ ‭ ‬‭𝑥−

3 ‬ ‭1‬ ‭ ‬‭𝑥‬+‭1‬
6
‭𝑦‬
+ ‭𝑦‬ −
(‭𝑥− ‬ ‭3‬) (‭𝑥‬−‭3‬)

‭ ‬−‭4‬
𝑥 ‭−
𝑥 ‬ ‭2‬ ‭3‬ ‭ ‬‭𝑦‬
2
‭𝑥‬+‭3‬
+ ‭𝑥−
‬ ‭5‬ ‭2‬ −
‭𝑦‬ ‭𝑥𝑦‬

‭11‬
‭Lesson 1.6 Multiplication and Division of Rational Expressions‬
‭Lesson Objective‬‭:‬‭Complete operations of rational‬‭expressions using multiplication and division.‬

I‭ mportant Definitions:‬‭Pay attention to these specific‬‭terms and write down their definitions and an example of‬
‭each one as you are watching the videos and looking at the readings.‬
‭Common Factor‬‭:‬

‭Example Problems:‬
‭1)‬ ‭Multiplication of Fractions‬
‭‬
1 ‭‬
3 ‭3‬
‭a)‬ ‭2‬
· ‭5‬
= ‭10‬

‭2)‬ ‭Division of Fractions‬

‭‬
1 ‭‬
3 ‭‬
1 ‭‬
5 ‭‬
5
‭a)‬ ‭2‬
÷ ‭5‬
‭=‬ ‭2‬ · ‭3‬
= ‭6‬
‭To divide fractions,‬‭take the reciprocal of the 2nd fraction and multiply‬

‭3)‬ ‭Multiplication of Rational Expressions‬

‭𝑥‬ ‭3‬ ‭3‭𝑥
‬‬
‭a)‬ ‭‬
2
· ‭5‭𝑦
‬‬
= ‭10‬‭𝑦‬
‭2‬
(‭𝑥‬+‭3‬) (‭𝑥−
‬ ‭1)‬ (‭𝑥‬+‭3)‬ (‭𝑥−
‬ ‭1)‬ ‭𝑥‬ +‭2‭𝑥
‬−
‬ ‭3‬
‭b)‬ (‭𝑥‬−‭2‬)
· (‭𝑥+
‬ ‭5)‬
= (‭𝑥‬−‭2)‬ (‭𝑥+
‬ ‭5)‬
= ‭2‬
‭𝑥‬ +‭3‬‭𝑥−
‬ ‭10‬
(‭𝑥‬+‭3‬) (‭𝑥−
‬ ‭2)‬ (‭𝑥‬+‭3‬) (‭𝑥−
‬ ‭2)‬ ‭ ‬+‭3‬
𝑥
‭c)‬ (‭𝑥‬−‭2‬)
· (‭𝑥+
‬ ‭5)‬
=‭ ‬(‭𝑥‬−‭2‬) · (‭𝑥+
‬ ‭5)‬
‭=‬‭𝑥‬+‭5‬ ‭common factors reduce out of the fraction‬

‭4)‬ ‭Division of Rational Expressions‬

‭𝑥‬ ‭‬
3 ‭𝑥‬ ‭ ‭𝑦
5 ‬‬ ‭ ‬‭𝑥𝑦‬
5
‭a)‬ ‭‬
2
÷ ‭5𝑦‭‬ ‬ ‭=‬ ‭2‬ · 3‭ ‬ = 6‭ ‬
(‭𝑥‬−‭2‬) (‭𝑥−‬ ‭3)‬ ‭ ‬−‭2‬
𝑥 ‭+
𝑥‬ ‭1‬ ‭ ‬−‭2‬
𝑥
‭b)‬ (‭𝑥‬+‭1‬)
÷ (‭𝑥+ ‬ ‭1)‬
‭=‬ ‭𝑥+ ‬ ‭1‬
· ‭𝑥− ‬ ‭3‬
= ‭𝑥‬−‭3‬
‭To divide fractions, take the reciprocal of the 2nd‬
‭fraction and multiply. Common factors reduce out of the fraction‬

‭5)‬ M
‭ ultiplication or Division of Rational Expressions that can be factored.‬ ‭Factor the polynomials before‬
‭multiplying or dividing. Reduce out any common factors.‬
‭2‬ ‭2‬
(‭𝑥‬ −‭9)‬ (‭𝑥‬ +‭4‭𝑥
‬ ‬+‭3)‬ (‭𝑥−
‬ ‭3)‬ (‭𝑥+
‬ ‭3‬) (‭𝑥+
‬ ‭3‬)(‭𝑥+‬ ‭1)‬ (‭𝑥+
‬ ‭3)‬ (‭𝑥+
‬ ‭3)‬ ‭2‬
‭a)‬ (‭𝑥‬+‭1)‬
· (‭𝑥−
‬ ‭3‬)
= (‭𝑥‬+‭1‬)
· (‭𝑥−‬ ‭3‬)
= ‭1‬
= ‭𝑥 ‬ + ‭6‬‭𝑥 ‬ + ‭9‬

‭2‬ ‭2‬ ‭2‬

(‭𝑥‬ −‭4)‬ (‭𝑥‬ +‭𝑥−‬ ‭2‬) (‭𝑥‬ −‭4)‬ (‭𝑥+
‬ ‭3)‬ (‭𝑥−
‬ ‭2)‬ (‭𝑥+
‬ ‭2)‬ (‭𝑥+‬ ‭3‬) (‭𝑥−
‬ ‭2‬)
‭b)‬ (‭𝑥‬+‭3)‬
÷ (‭𝑥+
‬ ‭3‬)
= (‭𝑥‬+‭3‬)
· ‭2‬ = (‭𝑥+‬ ‭3‬)
· (‭𝑥+
‬ ‭2)‬ (‭𝑥−
‬ ‭1)‬
= (‭𝑥−
‬ ‭1‬)
(‭𝑥‬ +‭𝑥−
‬ ‭2‬)

‭12‬
‭Practice Problems:‬ ‭Now it is your turn.‬‭Follow the‬‭steps shown in the example problems.‬
‭Multiply and divide the following rational expressions.‬
(‭𝑥−
‬ ‭1‬) (‭𝑥‬−‭1‬) (‭𝑥+
‬ ‭3‬) (‭𝑥‬−‭1‬)
(‭𝑥+
‬ ‭5‬)
· (‭𝑥‬−‭2‬) ·
(‭𝑥−
‬ ‭2‬) (‭𝑥‬+‭5‬)

‭2‬ ‭2‬ ‭2‬ ‭2‬

(‭𝑥‬ −‭4‬) (‭𝑥‬ −‭4‬‭𝑥‬+‭3‬) (‭𝑥‬ −‭9‬) (‭𝑥‬ −‭𝑥‬−‭6)‬
(‭𝑥−
‬ ‭1‬)
· (‭𝑥‬+‭2‬) ÷
(‭𝑥+
‬ ‭1‬) (‭𝑥‬+‭1‬)

‭13‬