GENERAL NDT PROCEDURE FOR

ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION
PROCEDURE
 DOCUMENT NAME: General Procedure for Ultrasonic Examination Procedure

DOCUMENT NUMBER: TE/SOP/NDT/UT/024

ISSUE NO: 01

Name/ Designation Signature Date

Reviewed & //
approved by:
 AMENDMENT SHEET

Re Page Signature Signature Signature

Sr. Issued no. (Reviewed (Approved
v. Amendment/s made (Prepared
No On by) by)
No. by)
 Table of Contents

Section TITLE Page

1 Scope 3

2 Personnel Requirement 3

3 Surface Preparation 4

4 Couplant 4

5 Equipment 4

6 Instrument Calibration 6

7 System Calibration 6

8 Calibration Procedure 9

9 Examination of Weld 17

10 Sizing of the defect 20

11 Evaluation 20

12 Recording 21

13 Acceptance Standard 23

14 Reporting 23

Attachment
Appendix
Description
A Acceptance and Rejection Criteria as Per ASME Section III & VIII Div.1

B Acceptance and Rejection Criteria as Per ASME B31.1

C Acceptance and Rejection Criteria as Per ASME B31.3
D Acceptance and Rejection Criteria as Per API 1104
1.0. Scope:
This Ultrasonic Testing Procedure of TE (Trident Energy) deals with minimum requirements to be met and
detailed procedure to be followed in performing specific test on welds and components and adjacent base
metal in structures and piping fabricated in carbon and low alloy steel.
This procedure is also used for the examination of clad surfaces (corrosion resistance). This procedure is
used for ultrasonic examination and the dimensioning of indications for comparison with the acceptance
standards when required by referencing code section.
This ultrasonic testing procedure meets the requirements of the referenced codes and specifications
specified below. Any conflicts between this procedure and the referenced documents or job specifications
are resolved by TE Integrity manager or his representative.
References
1. ASME Boiler and Pressure Code - Section V, 2017 edition
2. ASME Boiler and Pressure Code - Section VIII, Division 1 2017 edition
3. ASME B 31.1
4. ASME B 31.3
5. ASTM E 164, E587.
6. API 620
7. API 650
8. SNT-TC-1A: 2016: American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Recommended
Practice for Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
9. TE Written practice for Personnel qualification and certification in NDT.

2.0. Personnel Requirements:

2.1 All NDT Personnel conducting Ultrasonic Examination in accordance with this procedure shall be
qualified and certified in accordance with TE Written Practice, which is based on ASNT Document
SNT – TC – 1A - 2016.
2.2 Interpretation of the results of ultrasonic examination is performed by either Level II or Level III
individuals, qualified and certified as required by SNT – TC – 1A - 2016, or as required by the
referencing code section. Interpretation of results must not be carried out by Level I qualified
personnel except under the direct and constant supervision of level II or Level III.

3.0. Surface Preparation:

3.1 The examination surface shall be free of dirt, loose scales, machining or grinding particles or other
condition that may interfere with the movement of search unit or impair the transmission of
ultrasound.
3.2 Weld surface to be examined shall sufficiently smooth to prevent interference with the interpretation
of examination. The weld surface shall merge smoothly into the surfaces of adjacent base metal.

4.0. Couplant:
4.1 A Couplant usually a liquid, semi liquid or paste Couplant such as water, oil, cellulose, glycerin, or
grease is used between the face of the search unit and the
5.0. Equipment:
5.1 Instrument Requirements:
5.1.1 Ultrasonic examination equipment shall consist of an electronic device that
capable of producing, receiving, and displaying high frequency electrical
pulses at the required frequency and energy level. The instruments type
shall be as following.
a- Krautkramer digital
b- Sonatest digital
c- Olympus
5.1.2 A pulse echo ultrasonic flaw detection unit shall be used with an “A” scan presentation.
It must generate and receive high frequency sound energy pulses via a probe. The
nominal frequency ranges from 1 MHz to 5 MHz The instrument is equipped with a
stepped gain control calibrated in units 2.0 or less.
5.1.3 Search Units Requirements:
1. Search Unit (transducer) consists of piezoelectric crystals in combination with a
wearing surface or shoe shall be used. Both straight beam and angle beam search
units are used for testing
2. A single crystal or dual-crystal search unit containing both transmitting and
receiving crystal with frequency of 1 to 5 MHz shall be used when
examining the parent metal.
3. Each weld shall be examined with at least two different probe angles of operating
frequencies between 1.0 to 5.0 MHz.
4. The selection of probe angle shall be dependent on the weld geometry and the
judgment of the operator but shall be in accordance with the following.
Plate thickness mm Probe angle
5-15 800
15-30 700
30-60 600
Above 60 450

Thumb rule θ =90-T

While testing curved parts the maximum incidence determined by:

Ø = sin-(1-2T/D) T-wall thickness
D-outer diameter

5. Measurements of beam spread for scan indexing shall be taken only when
required by a Referencing Code Section.
6. Measurements of angle beam search units shall be performed once for a search
unit wedge combination in the calculated far field at the beginning of each period
of extended use (or every three months, whichever is less). A technique for beam
spread shall be in accordance with ASME Section V, Article 4, and Appendix B-
60
6.0. Instrument Calibration:
6.1 Screen Height Linearity:
The ultrasonic instrument shall provide linear vertical presentation within ±5% of the
full screen height for at least 80% of the calibrated screen height [base line to
maximum calibrated screen point (s)]. The procedure for evaluating screen height linearity is
provided in Section 8.3 and shall be performed on every three months. for probe position, refer
to figure, 1.1.
6.2 Amplitude control linearity
The ultrasonic instrument shall utilize an amplitude control, accurate over its useful
range to ±20% of the normal amplitude ratio, to allow measurement of the indication
beyond the linear range of the vertical display on the screen. the procedure for evaluating
amplitude control linearity is given in section 8.4 of this procedure and shall be
performed on every three months.
7.0 System calibration
7.1 General
Calibration shall include all those actions required to assure that the sensitivity and
accuracy of the signal amplitude and time outputs of the examination system (whether
displayed, recorded, or automatically processed) are repeated from examination to
examination. The original calibration must be performed on the basic calibration block.
(See Figure 1, 2, 3 & 4).
In all calibrations, it is important that the maximum indication be obtained with the
sound beam oriented perpendicular to the axis of the side drilled holes and notches. The
centre line of the search unit shall be at least 1-1/2 in. (38 mm) from the nearest side of
the block (rotation of the beam into the corner formed by the hole and the side of the
block may produce a higher amplitude at a longer beam path; this beam path shall not
be used for calibration).
7.2 Calibration check upon change in the complete ultrasonic examination system.
Alternate cables and search units singly and in combinations that have been
included in a prior system calibration may be later substituted in the system; such
substitution shall not necessitate a calibration check. When other part of the
examination system is changed, a calibration check shall be made on the basic
calibration block to verify that 1/4, 1/2, and 3/4T points on the sweep and distance
amplitude correction values recorded satisfy the requirements in 8.1d.1 and 8.1d.2.
7.3 Calibration check on basic calibration block or similar block.
A calibration check on at least three of the basic reflectors in the basic calibration block,
Figure 4, shall be made at the finish of each examination. The proper functioning of the
examination equipment shall be checked at the beginning and end of each examination
when examination personnel are changed and at any time that malfunctioning is
suspected.
7.4 Basic Calibration Blocks Materials
a. The basic calibration block(s) containing basic calibration reflectors to establish
a primary reference response of the equipment and to construct a distance
amplitude correction curve shall be as shown in Fig. 4. The basic calibration
reflectors shall be located either in the component material or in a basic calibration
block.
b. The material from which the block is fabricated must be of the same product form,
material specification and metallurgically similar as one of the material being
examined. They are used for the construction of DAC, the establishment of
sensitivity settings and equipment resolution performance.
c. Clad. Where the component material is clad, the block shall be clad to the
component by adopting the same welding procedure as the production part. Where
the automatic method is impractical, deposition of clad shall be by the manual
method. It is desirable to have component materials which have been clad before
the drop out or prolongations are removed. (Clad nominal thickness ± 3.17mm or
1/8 inch).
d. Heat Treatment. The calibration block shall receive at least the minimum tempering
treatment required by the material specification for the type and grade and grade
and a post weld heat treatment of at least 2 hours if the calibration blocks contain
weld other than cladding.
e. Scribe Line. A scribe line shown in Figure 4 shall be made in the thickness direction
through the in-line hole centre and continued across the two-examination surface
of the block.

7.5 Calibration Reflectors.

a) Basic Calibration Reflector.
The side of a hole drilled with its axis parallel to the examination surface is the
basic calibration reflector. A square notch shall also be used as a reflector. The
reflecting surface of the notches shall be perpendicular to the block surface.
b) Additional Reflector.
Additional reflector may be installed; and these reflectors shall not interfere
while establishing the primary reference.
 c) Basic Calibration Block Configuration.
Figure 4 shows block configuration with hole size and location. Each weld
thickness on the component must be represented by a block having a thickness
relative to the component weld as shown in figure 3. Where the block thickness ±1
in (25 mm) spans two of the weld thickness ranges shown in the figure, the block’s
use shall be acceptable in those portions of each thickness range covered by 1 in.
(25 mm). The hole diameter shall be in accordance with the thickness of the block.
Where two or more base material thicknesses are involved, the calibration block
thickness shall be sufficient to contain the entire examination beam path. The hole
shall be drilled to a depth of 1-1/2 in. (38 mm) minimum, but where possible, the
depth shall be 2 inches (51 mm).
d) Welds in Material with Diameter Greater than 20 inches. (508 mm).
For examination of welds in material where the diameter is greater than 20 in. (508
mm), a block of essentially the same curvature, or a flat basic calibration block
shall be used.

e) Weld in Material with Diameter 20 inches (508 mm) or less

The basic calibration block shall be curved for welds in materials with diameter of
20 in. (508 mm) and less. A single basic calibration block may be used to calibrate
the examination on surfaces in the range of curvature from 0.9 to 1.5 times the basic
calibration block diameter. For example, an 8 in. diameter curve block may be used
to calibrate the examination on the surfaces in the range of curvature from 7.2 in
(183 mm) to 12 in (305 mm) diameter. The curvature range from 0.94 in (24 mm)
to 20 in (508 mm) diameters requires six block curvature as indicated in Figure 4
for any thickness range as indicated in Figure 5
8.0 Calibration Procedure
General Techniques for both angle beam and straight beam calibration are given below.
Other techniques may also be used as per various code requirements.
8.1 Straight Beam Calibration)
a) Sweep Range Calibration (See Figure 7)
1. Position the search unit for the maximum first indication from the 1/4
t side drilled hole. Adjust the left edge of this indication to line 2 on
the screen with the delay control.
2. Position the search unit for the maximum indication from 3/4 t hole.
Adjust the left edge of this indication to line 6 on the screen with the
range control.
3. Repeat the delay and range control adjustment until the 1/4 t and 3/4 t
hole reflections start at sweep lines 2 and 6.

b) Distance Amplitude Correction: (see Figure 6 & 8)

Basic Calibration Block for construction of Distance Amplitude Correction shall be based on the
calibration block in Figure 4. Thickness of calibration block and sizes of essential holes shall be
based on table.
1. Place the straight beam search unit at position obtain maximum
response from the 1/4 t hole.
2. Adjust the gain control of the instrument to obtain the primary
reference response of 80% +/- 5%of full screen height (FSH) and mark
this amplitude on the screen. The gain control shall not be adjusted
when the primary reference response has been established.
3. Position the straight beam search unit to obtain the maximum response
from another hole and mark each amplitude on the screen.
4. Position the search unit for maximum response from the third hole
indication and mark the peak on the screen.
5. Joined these points with a smooth curve. The length of the curve shall
not extend more than 1/4T beyond the last calibration point or equal to
T.
 c) Simulator Check
Any simulator checks that are used must be correlated with the original calibration on the basic
calibration block during the original calibration. The simulator checks may be use different
types of calibration blocks (such as IIW) and/or electronic simulation. However, the simulation
used shall be completely identifiable on the calibration sheets. The simulator check shall be
made on the entire examination system. The entire examination system does have not to be
tested in one check. As an example, the transducer sensitivity and electronic instrument could
be evaluated in separate test. For its check, the search unit shall be connected to the ultrasonic
instrument and checked against a calibration reflector.
d) Calibration conformation
Calibration shall be performed prior to use of the system in the thickness range under
examination. A calibration check shall verify the sweep range calibration and distance
amplitude correction.

1. Sweep Range Calibration

If any point on the DAC curve has moved on the sweep line more than 10% of the sweep
division reading, or 5% of full sweep, whichever is greater, correct the sweep range
calibration and note the correction in the examination record. If recordable reflectors are noted
on the data sheets, those data sheets, those data sheets shall be voided, a new calibration shall
be recorded, and the voided examination shall be repeated.

2. DAC Correction

If any point on the DAC curve has decrease 20% or 2 dB of its amplitude, all data sheets since
the last calibration or calibrations check shall be marked void. A new calibration shall be
made, and recorded and the voided examination areas shall be re-examined. If any point on
the DAC curve has increased by more than 20% or 2 dB of its amplitude, all recorded
indications since the last valid calibration check shall be evaluated with the corrected
calibration and their values shall be changed on the data sheets.

8.2. Angle Beam Calibrations

Prior to Screen Distance Calibration and construction of Distance Amplitude Correction
Curve using angle probe, probe index and true probe angle shall be determined and
indicated. A difference of ±2° shall be accepted. The calibration shall provide the
following measurements:
a) Sweep range calibration.

b) Distance amplitude correction.

c) Position calibration.
d) Echo amplitude measurement from the surface notch in the basic calibration block.

e) When on electronic distance amplitude correction device is used the primary reference
response shall be equalized at a nominal constant screen height over the distance range to be
employed in the examination.

a) Sweep Range Calibration (See Figure 7)

1. Position the search unit for the maximum first indication from the 1/4 t side drilled
hole. Adjust the left edge of the indication to line 2 on the screen with the delay
control.
2. Position the search unit for maximum indication from the 3/4 t hole. Adjust
the left edge of this indication to line 6 on the screen with the range control.
3. Repeat delay and range control adjustment until the 1/4 t and 3/4 t hole
reflections start at the sweep lines 2 and 6.
 4. Position the search unit for maximum response from the square notch on
the opposite surface. The indication will appear near the sweep line 8.
5. Two divisions on the sweep equal 1/4 t.
b) Calibration Procedure for Skip Distance Greater than 1/2 Skip
1. Position the search unit for the maximum first indication from 1/4 t SHD. Adjust
the left edge of this indication to level 1 on the screen with delay control.
2. Slide the search unit away positioning for the maximum third indication from the
hole Repeat delay and range control adjustment until first- and third-hole
reflection start at sweep lines 1 and 9.
3. Slide the search unit away positioning for the maximum response from the square
notch. The indication will appear at the sweep low 4. Couple the search Unit to
the examination surface containing the square notch positioning for the maximum
response from the notch. The indication will appear at sweep line 8.
4. Each division on the sweep equals 1/8 of the V path (refer to Figure 6).
c) Distance Amplitude Correction. (Refer to Figure 6 & 8)
1. Calibration for clad side
2. Place the straight beam search unit for maximum response from the hole which
gives the maximum response.
3. Adjust the gain control to provide an 80% (+/-5%) of full screen height. Mark the
peak of the indication on the screen.
4. Position the search unit for maximum response from another hole indication.
Mark the peak of the indication on the screen.
5. Position the search unit for maximum response from the third hole indication.
Mark the peak of the indication on the screen.
6. Position the search unit for maximum response from the 1/3T after the beam has
bounce from the two opposite surface. Mark the peak on the screen for the 5/4 T
position.
7. Connect the screen marks and this curve shall be your distance amplitude
correction curve. The length of the curve shall cover not more than the thickness
of material to be examined.
8. Calibration for Unclad Side.
9. From the clad side of the block, determine the dB change in amplitude 3/4T and
5/4T positions.
10. From The unclad side, perform the calibration procedure as noted in (a) 1 to 5.
11. To determine the amplitude for the 5/4T hole, position the search for maximum
response from 3/4T hole. Decrease the signal amplitude by number of dB
determined in (i) above mark the height of this signal amplitude at the sweep line
10 (5/4T)
12. Connect the screen marks and this curve shall be your distance amplitude
correction curve. This will permit evaluation of indication down to the clad
surface. (Near sweep line 8).
13. Give calibration correction for perpendicular planar reflectors near the opposite
surface.

d) Calibration Correction for Planar Reflectors Perpendicular to the

Examination Surface or near the opposite Surface.
The 45° angle beam reflects well from the corner reflector. However, mode conversion and
redirection of reflection occurs to part of the beam when 60° angle beam hits the same
reflector. This problem exists to a lesser degree throughout the 50° to 70° angle beam
range. So, this correction is required in order to be equally critical of such an imperfection
regardless of the beam angle.
1. Position the search unit for maximum response from the square notch on the
opposite surface. Mark the peak of the indication on the screen near the sweep
line.
2. The opposite surface square notch may give an indication 2 to 1 above DAC at
45° and 1/2 DAC at 60°. Hence, the indication from the square notch must be
considered when evaluating reflectors at the opposite surface. (Refer to Figure 8).
 e) Position Calibration (See Figure 11)
The following measurements may be made with a ruler, scale or marked on an indexing
strip.
1. Position the search unit for maximum response from 1/4T hole. Place one end of
the indexing strip against the front of the search unit, the other end extending in
the direction of the beam. Mark the number 2 on the indexing strip at the scribe
line, the marks may be made on the side of the search unit.
2. Position the search unit for maximum response from 1/2T and 3/4T. Keep the
same end of the indexing strip against the front of the search unit. Mark the
number 4 and 6 on the indexing strip at the scribe line.
3. If possible, position the search unit so that the beam bounces from the opposite
surface to the 3/4T hole. Mark the no 10 on the indexing strip at the scribe line.
Adjust the sensitivity level to 80% (+/- 5%) of full screen height and mark this
peak on the screen.
4. Position the search unit for the maximum opposite surface notch indication. Mark
the number 8 on the indexing strip at the scribe line.
5. The calibration number on the indexing strip indicates the position directly over
the reflector in sixteenths of the V-path.
6. The depth from the examination surface to the reflector is T at 8, 3/4T at 6 and
10, 1/2T at 4, 1/4T at 2, and 0 at 0. Interpolation is possible for smaller
increments of depth. This measurement may be corrected by the radius of the
hole if the radius is considered significant to the accuracy of reflector’s location.

8.3. Screen Height Linearity:

To verify the ability of the ultrasonic instrument to meet the requirements in paragraph
6.1, the following shall be done.
1. Position an angle beam search unit as shown in figure 11 & 12 so that the
indications can be observed from both 1/2 and 3/4 T holes in a basic calibration block.
2. Adjust the search unit position to give a 2:1 ratio of the amplitudes between the
two indications, with the larger set at 80% of full screen height.
3. Without moving the search unit, adjust the sensitivity (gain) to successively set
the larger indication with the indication from 100% to 20% of full screen height,
in 10% increments (or 2 dB steps if a fine control is not available), and read the
smaller indication at each setting.
4. The reading must be 50% of the larger amplitude, within 5% of full screen
height. The setting and readings must be estimated to the nearest 1% of full
screen height.
5. Alternatively, a straight beam search unit may be used on any calibration block
which will provide amplitude differences, with sufficient signal separation to
prevent overlapping of the two signals.

8.4.1 Amplitude Control Linearity:

To verify the accuracy of the amplitude control of the instrument, as required in
Section 6.2 of this procedure,
1. Position an angle beam search unit as shown in figure 13 so that the indication
from the 1/2 t hole in the basic calibration block is peak on the screen.
2. With the increases and decreases in attenuation shown in the following table, the
indication must fall within the specified limits.
3. Other convenient reflectors from any calibration block may be used with angle or
straight beam search unit.
 Indication Set at dB Control Indication Limits
% of Full Screen Change % of full Screen
80% -6 dB 32 to 48%
80% -12 dB 16 to 24%
40% +6 dB 64 to 96%
20% +12 dB 64 to 96%

9.0 Examination of Weld

Beam spread measurement for indexing limits shall be taken only when required by the referencing code
section. Measurements of angle beam search unit shall be performed once for search unit wedge
combination in the calculated far field at the beginning of each period of extended use (or every three
months, whichever is less) A technique for beam spread is given in figure 12.
9.1 Surface preparation
The surfaces of the material and weld to be examined shall satisfy the requirements in
section 3 of this procedure
9.2 Identification of examination areas
a) Weld location weld location and identification shall be shown on a weld
identification plan
b) Reference system. each weld and examination area shall be located and
identified by a system of reference points on the component. the system shall
show identification of each weld centre line and designation of regular intervals
along the length of the weld
9.3 Scanning
The volume of weld and adjacent base material (volume on either side of the weld)
that is to be examined shall be as required by the referencing code section. This
volume shall be scanned by straight and angle beam techniques. Scanning
technique shall be carried out as required by the specific procedure for different
configuration of weldments to be examined.
1) Extent of Scanning
Whenever feasible, the scanning of the examination volume shall be
carried out from both sides of the weld on the same surface ∆ (A band
of base metal at least 25mm wide on both side of the weld), where
configuration or adjacent part of the components are such that scanning
from both sides is not feasible, the fact shall be included in the report.
2) Rate of Scanning
Scanning speed shall not exceed 6 inch per second unless it can be
demonstrated that the proper screen interpretation can be obtained at
higher speed.
3) Transfer Value:
Using two angle beam search units, one acting as a transmitter and the
other as a receiver. The search units are positioned directed to each other
on the test block at one skip distance. At the same sensitivity level
established in 8.2, adjust the search units to obtain the maximum
response possible and dB shall be noted. The transfer search units shall
then be placed on an area of the base metal adjacent to the weld to be
tested and carry out the same procedure. The amplitude shall be adjusted
to a reference level and again note the dB. The difference of the dB levels
shall be the transfer value.
4) Overlap
Each pass of the search unit shall overlap a minimum of 50% of the
transducer dimension to ensure full coverage of the examination.
5) Sensitivity Level
The scanning for discovering discontinuities shall be performed at a
given setting of at least two times the primary reference level or as per
the specification requirements. Evaluation of discontinuities shall be
carried out at the original reference level.
 9.4 Straight Beam Method
The scanning of the adjacent base metal to the sound will travel later in the angle
beam examination shall be scanned with straight beam to detect internal
discontinuities that may affect the interpretation of angle beam examination
results. This shall not be basis for rejection of the base metal.
1) Thickness measurement:
a. In conjunction with the base metal examination, thickness
measurement shall be taken at a minimum of three points adjacent to
0-degree reference (one on both sides of the weld and on the centre
line of the weld).

b. Thickness measurement shall be taken at a minimum of two points

adjacent to 0° reference for support attachment and branch pipe
connection welds (one on the base metal of the main run pipe and one
on the base metal of the branch connection or support attachment.
2) Straight Beam Scanning for Planar Reflector
The examination for planar reflectors shall be performed on the entire volume of weld and
adjacent base material to the extent required by the referencing code section, penetration shall
be verified by obtaining a reflection from an opposite surface of the material being examined
when the two surface are parallel.
3) Straight Beam Scanning for Laminar Reflector
Scanning for laminar reflector is performed at a gain setting that gives initial back reflection
amplitude of 80% of full screen height from the component or as specified in the applicable
code.
4) Scanning for Tapered Surface.
When the examination is performed from the tapered surface at a transition in thickness of the
component, angle beam longitudinal waves travelling perpendicular to the back surface may be
used to maintain back reflection.

9.5 Angle Beam Scanning

The calibration shall be performed as per section 7 of this procedure. The
examination volume shall be scanned with angle beam search unit directed both
at right angles to the weld axis and along with the weld axis. Wherever feasible,
each examination shall be performed in two directions, i.e. from either side of the
weld centre line.
1) Angle beam Scanning for Reflector Oriented Parallel to the Weld.
The angle beam shall be directed at approximate right angles to the weld axis
from two directions where possible. The search unit shall be manipulated so
that the ultrasonic beam passes through the entire volume of weld and adjacent
base metal. The adjacent base metal must be completely scanned by two angle
beams. The additional t/4 volume angle beam examination shall comply with
these requirements within t/4 of the thickness from the examination surface.
Areas blocked by geometric condition are examined from at least one direction,
on both surfaces when possible.
2) A ng le B eam S cannin g f or R ef lect o rs O ri ent ed T rans v ers e t o
t h e weld.
The angle beam shall be aimed parallel to the axis of longitudinal and
circumferential welds. The search unit shall be manipulated so that the
ultrasonic beams pass through all the examination volume. Scanning shall be
done in two directions of 180° to each other to the extent possible. Areas
blocked by geometric condition shall be examined from at least one direction.
10.0. Sizing of the indication 6 dB drop method.
a) Position the search unit to get a maximum indication from the discontinuity.
b) Move the search unit to one side so that a 50% drop of the indication occurs mark
the index point on the weld metal.
c) Move the search unit to the opposite side to get a 50 % drop of the indication on
the other side mark the index point again on the weld metal.
 d) Join the point at item 2 & 3 to get the size of the discontinuity for evolution
according to the reference code section.

11.0. Evaluation:
11.1 Examination Using DAC
For examination using Distance Amplitude Correction Curve (DAC), any reflector, which
causes an indication more than 20% of DAC shall be investigated to the extent that it can
be evaluated in terms of the acceptance standards of the referencing code section.
At dimensioning of discontinuity length, the length of the reflector shall be determined
to the end point at 50% of the reference level. Reflector dimensions exceeding the
referencing code requirements may be evaluated to any alternative standards as may
be provided by the referencing code section.
11.2 Examination Using Other than DAC.
For examination using other than DAC, evaluation shall be done according to
the requirements of the referencing code section.
12.0 Recording
When reflector exceeds 20% DAC, the following reflector data shall be recorded.
e) Maximum percent of DAC.
f) Sweep reading of indication.
g) Search unit position.
h) Location and dimension of the reflector; and
i) Beam direction.
12.1 Recording Examination data for planar reflector Using Amplitude -Based Technique
a. When amplitude-based technique is used, all reflectors that produced response equal
or greater than 20% of primary reference response (PRR) shall be recorded.
However, the clad interface metallurgical reflector and back wall reflection need not
be recorded. Record all search unit position and location dimensions to the nearest
tenth of inch.
b. Obtain data from successive scans at increments no greater than 50% of the
transducer dimension measured parallel to the scan increment change at the
examination area. Recorded data for the end points as determined by 20%PRR.
Emphasis must be placed on measurement of the parameters determining the
reflector length and height and the distance from the examination surface to the top
and bottom of the reflector, since these dimensions are the factor most critical in
determining ultimate evaluation of the flaw.
c. The following reflector data shall be recorded when a reflector exceeds20% PRR.
1 maximum percent of PRR, sweep reading indication, search unit
position, and beam direction.
2 For reflectors 20 to 100% PRR, the minimum / minimum sweep reading
and the search unit position along the length of the reflector for 20%
PRR when approaching to / moving away from the reflector from the
maximum signal direction.
3 For reflectors exceeding 100% PRR, the maximum sweep reading and
the search unit position along the length of the reflector for 50% PRR
when approaching to and moving away from the reflector’s maximum
signal direction.
4 The length of the reflector shall be obtained by recording the position.
of each end of the reflector at 20% PRR.
Note: For non-amplitude-based techniques, indication-recording requirements shall be
specified in the examination procedure.

12.2 Recording data for reflectors which interfere with examination.

a) All area giving indications equal to or greater than the remaining back
reflection shall be recorded.
b) Sweep reading of reflectors from surface, position from reference ,and location
parallel to reference for each search unit giving the recordable extent of the
indication shall be recorded
 12.3 Examination Records
For each ultrasonic examination, the following information should be identified and recorded.
a) Procedure and reference number.
b) Ultrasonic Examination Equipment.
c) Personnel identification and Level of qualification.
d) Identification and location of weld or component Examined.
e) Date of examination.
f) Couplant brand or type.
g) Basic calibration blocks identification.
h) Surface condition.
i) Frequency and probe angles.
j) Map or sketch of indication detected or areas cleared.
k) Calibration sheet identity.
l) Special equipment.
m) Surface from which the examination were performed.

13.0 Acceptance Standard

All indication equal or greater than 20% of the reference level shall be investigated and evaluated
in accordance with the required acceptance standard specified in referencing code section.

14.0 Reporting
An ultrasonic test report shall be made for all welds or components and welds examined. The
report shall detail all information pertaining to the examination. A sketch of all defects in cross
sectional area and length may be attached if required. TE report forms see attachment.
 FIGURE 3
IIW V1 CALIBRATION BLOCK
 FIGURE 4
BASIC CALIBRATION BLOCK
 FIGURE 5
RATIO LIMITS FOR CURVED SURFACES
 FIGURE 6

SENSITIVITY AND DISTANCE AMPLITUDE CORRECTION

FIGURE 7
SWEEP RANGE
 FIGURE 8
SENSITIVITY AND DISTANCE – AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
 FIGURE 9
SCANNING TECHNIQUE
 FIGURE 10

FIGURE 11
POSITION DEPTH AND BEAM PATH

Prepared by: Sr. Technician Reviewed by: Lab Manager Approved by: Senior Manager - NDT
Issued by: Asst. Manager- Quality Assurance File No. ................. Issued on: ............. Amendment No: ........
Amendment Date................
 General Procedure for Ultrasonic Examination Procedure

FIGURE 12
BEAM SPREAD

Measurement of beam spread shall be made on the hemispherical bottom of the round bottom hole.
The half maximum amplitude limit of the primary lobe of the beam shall be plotted by manipulating
the search unit for measurements on reflection from the round bottom as follows.
a) Set the maximum amplitude from the 1/4T hole at 80% of full screen. Move the
search unit toward the hole until the indication equals 40% of full screen. Mark beam
centre “toward” the position on the block.
b) Set the maximum amplitude from the 1/4T hole at 80% of full screen. Move the search
unit away from the hole until the indication equals 40% of full screen. Mark beam centre
“away” the position on the block.
d) Position the search unit for 80% of roll screen amplitude from the 1/x4T hole. Move the
search unit left without pivoting the beam toward the reflector until the indication equals
40% of full screen. Mark beam center “left” the position on the block.
e) Repeat setting and measurement of “toward”, “away”, “right”, and “, “left” limits of the
beam on the 1/2T and 34T round bottom holes.
f) Record the dimension from “toward” to “away” and from “right” to “left” positions
marked on the block for the 1/4T and 3/4T round bottom holes.
g) The smallest of the three “toward” to “away” dimensions shall not exceed when indexing
between scans perpendicular to the beam direction.
h) The smallest of the three “right ” to “left” dimensions shall not exceeded when indexing
between scans perpendicular to the beam direction.
i) The projected beam spread angle determine by these measurement shall be used to
determine limits as required at other metals paths.
 General Procedure for Ultrasonic Examination Procedure

APPENDIX A
Acceptance and rejection Criteria as per ASME Section VIII, Div. 1

UT acceptance / Rejection Standard

All imperfection which produces a response greater than 20% of the reference level shall be
investigated to the extent that the operator can determine the shape, identity, and location of all such
imperfections and evaluate them in terms of the acceptance standards given in (a) and (b) below
a) Imperfection are unacceptable if the indication exceeds the reference level
amplitude and have lengths exceeding
1) 1
/4 in. (6mm) for t up to 3/4 in. (19mm) ,inclusive
2) 1/3 t for t from 3/4 in (19mm) to 2- 1/4 in. (57mm), inclusive
3) 3
/4 in. (19mm) t for t over 2- 1/4 in. (57mm)

Where t is the thickness of the weld being examined, if a weld joints two
members having different thickness at the weld, t is the thinner of these two
thicknesses if a full penetration weld include a fillet weld, the thickness of
the throat of the fillet shall be included in t.
b) Indication characterized as crack , lack of fusion, incomplete penetration is
unacceptable regardless length
 General Procedure for Ultrasonic Examination Procedure

APPENDIX B
Acceptance / rejection Criteria as per ASME B31.1
Ultrasonic examination shall be performed in accordance with Article 5 of Section V of the ASME
Boiler and Pressure Vessels Code

A) Acceptance Standard
Welds that are shown by ultrasonic examination to have discontinuities which produce an
indication greater than 20% of the reference level shall be investigated to the extent that
ultrasonic examination personnel determined their shape, identity and location so that they may
evaluate each discontinuity for acceptance in accordance with (1) and (2) below.
1) Discontinuities evaluated as being cracks, lack of fusions, or incomplete
penetrations are unacceptable regardless of length.
2) Other discontinuities are unacceptable if the indication exceeds the reference level
and their length exceeds the following:
a) 1
/4 in. (6.0 mm) for t up to 3/4 in. (19 mm).
b) 1/3t for t from 3/4 in. (19 mm) to 2-1/4 in. (57 mm).
c) 3
/ 4 in. (19 mm) for t over 2- 1 / 4 in. (57 mm) wher e t is the
thickness o f the w eld b eing ex amined. I f t he weld joins t wo
members h aving diff er ent thickn ess at the w eld, t is the thinner
of these two thickn esses.
 General Procedure for Ultrasonic Examination Procedure

APPENDIX C
Acceptance / rejection Criteria as per ASME B31.1
Examination of casting is in accordance with ASTM E 114, accepting casting only if there is no evidence
of depth of defects in excess of 5% of wall thickness. Ultrasonic examination of welds shall be performed
in accordance with ASME Boiler and pressure Vessels Code, Section 5, Article 5, except that the
alternative specified in (a) and (b) below.
a) When the basic calibration blocks have not received heat treatment, transfer methods
shall be used to correlate the responses from the basic calibration block and the
component. Transfer is accomplished by noting the difference between responses
received the same reference reflector in the basic calibration block, and the component
and correcting for the difference.
b) The reference reflector may be a V-notch (which must subsequently be removed), an
angle beam search unit acting as a reflector, or any other reflector which will aid in
accomplishing the transfer.
c) When the transfer method is chosen as an alternative, it shall be used, at the minimum:

1) For NPS 2 Once in each 10 welded joints examined

2) For size 2 NPS 18 once in each 5 ft (1.5m) of welding examined
3) For NPS 18, once for each welded joint examined
 General Procedure for Ultrasonic Examination Procedure

Acceptance criteria as per API 1104

A linear discontinuity is unacceptable if the amplitude of the indication exceeds the reference level and
its length exceeds;
1) 1
/4 in (6.0 mm) for Tw < 3/4 in (19 mm).
2) Tw /3 for 3/4 in. (19mm) < Tw < 2-1/4 in. (57 mm).
3) 3
/4 in(19mm). for Tw > 2-1/4 in(57mm).