MATH220

Probability & Statistics

Asst. Prof. Dr. Sinem Yelda Sönmez

Email: [email protected]
Altınbaş University Dr. Sinem Yelda Sönmez MATH221 Propability & Statistics
Altınbaş University Dr. Sinem Yelda Sönmez MATH221 Propability & Statistics
Altınbaş University Dr. Sinem Yelda Sönmez MATH221 Propability & Statistics
Altınbaş University Dr. Sinem Yelda Sönmez MATH221 Propability & Statistics
Altınbaş University Dr. Sinem Yelda Sönmez MATH221 Propability & Statistics
Altınbaş University Dr. Sinem Yelda Sönmez MATH221 Propability & Statistics
Altınbaş University Dr. Sinem Yelda Sönmez MATH221 Propability & Statistics
Altınbaş University Dr. Sinem Yelda Sönmez MATH221 Propability & Statistics
 Example:

In how many different ways can a true false test consisting of 9

questions be answered?

Altınbaş University Dr. Sinem Yelda Sönmez MATH221 Propability & Statistics
 Example:

In how many different ways can a true false test consisting of 9

questions be answered?

Every question can be answered in 2 ways. The generalized multiplication

rule implies that there are 2! ways.

Altınbaş University Dr. Sinem Yelda Sönmez MATH221 Propability & Statistics
 Example:

How many distinct permutations can be made from the letters of the word
«infinity»?

Altınbaş University Dr. Sinem Yelda Sönmez MATH221 Propability & Statistics
 Example:

How many distinct permutations can be made from the letters of the word
«infinity»?

8!
3! 2!

Altınbaş University Dr. Sinem Yelda Sönmez MATH221 Propability & Statistics
 Example:
How many ways are there that no two students will the same birth date
in a class of size 50?

Altınbaş University Dr. Sinem Yelda Sönmez MATH221 Propability & Statistics
 Example:
How many ways are there that no two students will the same birth date
in a class of size 50?

𝑛! 365! 365!
𝑃",$ = 𝑃%&','( = =
𝑛−𝑟 ! 365 − 50 ! 315!

Altınbaş University Dr. Sinem Yelda Sönmez MATH221 Propability & Statistics
 Example:
In a high school graduating class of 100 students, 54 studied
mathematics, 69 studied history, and 35 studied both mathematics and
history. If one of these students is selected at random, find the
probability that

(a) The student took mathematics or history;

(b) The student did not take either of those subjects;

(c) The student took history but not mathematics.

Altınbaş University Dr. Sinem Yelda Sönmez MATH221 Propability & Statistics
 Example:
It is common in many industrial areas to use a filling machine to fill boxes
full of product. This occurs in the food industry as well as other areas in
which the product is used in the home, for example detergent. These
machine are not perfect, indeed they may A, fill to specification B,
underfill, and C, overfill. Generally the practice of underfilling is that
which one hopes to avoid. Let 𝑃 𝐵 = 0.001 while 𝑃 𝐴 = 0.990.

(a) Give 𝑃 𝐶 .

(b) What is the probability of the machine does not underfill?

(c) What is the probability of the machine either overfill or underfill?

Altınbaş University Dr. Sinem Yelda Sönmez MATH221 Propability & Statistics
 Example:

Altınbaş University Dr. Sinem Yelda Sönmez MATH221 Propability & Statistics
Altınbaş University Dr. Sinem Yelda Sönmez MATH221 Propability & Statistics
Altınbaş University Dr. Sinem Yelda Sönmez MATH221 Propability & Statistics
Altınbaş University Dr. Sinem Yelda Sönmez MATH221 Propability & Statistics
Altınbaş University Dr. Sinem Yelda Sönmez MATH221 Propability & Statistics
Altınbaş University Dr. Sinem Yelda Sönmez MATH221 Propability & Statistics
Altınbaş University Dr. Sinem Yelda Sönmez MATH221 Propability & Statistics
Altınbaş University Dr. Sinem Yelda Sönmez MATH221 Propability & Statistics
 Example

There are 4 queens and 13 hearts in a deck of 52 cards. What is the probability
of drawing either a queen or a heart form deck of 52 cards?

Altınbaş University Dr. Sinem Yelda Sönmez MATH221 Propability & Statistics
 Example

There are 4 queens and 13 hearts in a deck of 52 cards. What is the probability
of drawing either a queen or a heart form deck of 52 cards?

P(Q or H)=P(Q∪H)
P(Q∪H)= P(Q)+P(H)-P(Q∩H)

Altınbaş University Dr. Sinem Yelda Sönmez MATH221 Propability & Statistics
 Example

There are 4 queens and 13 hearts in a deck of 52 cards. What is the probability
of drawing either a queen or a heart form deck of 52 cards?

P(Q or H)=P(Q∪H)
P(Q∪H)= P(Q)+P(H)-P(Q∩H)

Altınbaş University Dr. Sinem Yelda Sönmez MATH221 Propability & Statistics
 Example

There are 4 queens and 13 hearts in a deck of 52 cards. What is the probability
of drawing either a queen or a heart form deck of 52 cards?

P(Q or H)=P(Q∪H)
P(Q∪H)= P(Q)+P(H)-P(Q∩H)

) + )%
P(Q∩H)= and P(Q)= and P(H)=
'* '* '*

P(Q∪H)= P(Q)+P(H)-P(Q∩H)
+ )% ) )&
= + - =
'* '* '* '*

Altınbaş University Dr. Sinem Yelda Sönmez MATH221 Propability & Statistics