OPERATORS
OPERATOR
An Operator is a symbol that specifies what
operation need to be performed
Example:
+ for addition operation
OPERAND
An Operand can be constant or a variable
EXPRESSION
An expression is a combination of Operator
or Operands that reduces to a single value
Example:
a+b
CLASSIFICATION
The classification is based on type of operation
1. Arithmetic operator
2. Assignment operator
3. Relational operator
4. Logical operator
5. Increment/Decrement operator
6. Conditional operator
7. Bitwise operator
8. Special operator
ARITHMETIC OPERATORS
These operators are used to perform basic
arithmetic operation
There are 5 Arithmetic operators
ARITHMETIC OPERATORS
+ → used to perform addition operation
- → used to perform subtraction operation
* → used to perform multiplication operation
/ → used to perform division, returns quotient
% → divides first operand by second operand,
returns remainder. Both operands must be
integer
ARITHMETIC OPERATOR
Addition (+):
Subtraction (-):
Multiplication (*):
Division (/):
Modulus (%):
ARITHMETIC OPERATORS
Priority
* - 1
Associative
/ - 1
Left to Right
% -1
+ -2
- - 2
Evaluation of Expression
Evaluates * Then
first Evaluates +
ARITHMETIC OPERATORS
Evaluation of Expression
Evaluates / Then
first Evaluates *
ARITHMETIC OPERATORS
Evaluation of Expression
Evaluates ( ) Then
first Evaluates *
ARITHMETIC OPERATORS
Evaluation of Expression
Evaluates
Evaluates
Evaluates
PROGRAM
RELATIONAL OPERATOR
These operators are used to find relationship
between two operands
They are mainly used for comparison
The output of relational expression is
true(1) or false(0)
There are 6 relational operators
RELATIONAL OPERATOR
RELATIONAL OPERATOR
> → If 1st operand is greater than 2nd operand then it returns
true(1) else returns false(0)
< → If 1st operand is less than 2nd operand then it returns
true(1) else returns false(0)
>= → If 1st operand is greater than or equal to 2nd operand then
it returns true(1) else returns false(0)
<= → If 1st operand is less than or equal to 2nd operand then it
returns true(1) else returns false(0)
== → If both the operands are equal then it returns true(1) else
returns false(0)
!= → If both operands are not equal then it returns true(1) else
returns false(0)
RELATIONAL OPERATOR
Greater than (>):
Less than (<):
Greater than or equal to(>=):
Less than or equal to(<=):
Equal to (==):
Not Equal to (!=):
RELATIONAL OPERATORS
Condition Return Value
3>4 0
7 <= 15 1
5 != 4 1
1<9 1
10 >= 10 1
13 == 13 1
RELATIONAL OPERATORS
Priority Associative
> - 1 Left to Right
< - 1
>= - 1
<= - 1
== - 2
!= - 2
Evaluation of Expression
1. Evaluate expression within parenthesis
2. Evaluate unary operators
3. Evaluate arithmetic expression
4. Evaluate relation expression
RELATIONAL OPERATORS
Evaluation of Expression
Evaluates +
Then
first
Evaluates -
This condition
is true
RELATIONAL OPERATORS
Evaluation of Expression
Evaluates *
Evaluates +
Evaluates >
This condition
is false
RELATIONAL OPERATORS
Evaluation of Expression
Evaluates
Evaluates
Evaluates
This condition
is
PROGRAM
LOGICAL OPERATORS
These operators are used to combine two or more
relational expression
The output of logical expression is true(1) or false(0)
All non-zero values are treated as true
Zero value is treated as false
These operators are used to perform logical
operation like conjunction, Disjunction, negation
There are 3 logical operators
LOGICAL OPERATORS
LOGICAL NOT (!)
If operand is true(1) then result of Logical Not
is false(0)
If operand is false(0) then result of Logical Not
is true(1)
Truth Table for Logical Not is
Operand !Operand
True(1) False(0)
False(0) True(1)
–
LOGICAL AND(&&)
Output of Logical AND is true(1) if and only if
both operands are true
Else output of Logical AND is false(0) if any of
the operand is false
Truth Table for Logical AND is
Operand1 && Operand2 Result
True(1) && True(1) True(1)
True(1) && False(0) False(0)
False(0) && True(1) False(0)
False(0) && False(0) False(0)
LOGICAL OR (||)
Output of Logical OR is true(1) if any of the
operand is true
Else output of Logical OR is false(0) if both
0perands are false
Truth Table for Logical OR is
Operand1 || Operand2 Result
True(1) || True(1) True(1)
True(1) || False(0) True(1)
False(0) || True(1) True(1)
False(0) || False(0) False(0)
LOGICAL OPERATORS
Logical AND
Logical OR
Logical NOT
LOGICAL OPERATORS
Condition Return Value
(3 > 4) && 6 F
5 < 15 || (2 >1) T
!(6 == 6) F
9 && 0 F
(12 < 3) || (6 >12) F
!(1) F
LOGICAL OPERATORS
Priority
! - 1 Associative
&& - 2 Left to Right
|| - 3
Evaluation of Expression
1. Evaluate expression within parenthesis
2. Evaluate unary operators
3. Evaluate arithmetic expression
4. Evaluate relation expression
5. Evaluate logical expression
LOGICAL OPERATORS
Evaluation
Of
Evaluates +
Expression
Evaluates -
Evaluates >
This condition
Evaluates &&
is false
LOGICAL OPERATORS
Evaluation
of Evaluates
Expression
Evaluates
Evaluates
This condition
is
ASSIGNMENT OPERATOR
These operators are used to assign the data or
result of an expression into a variable
The most common assignment operator is =
There are 3 types of assignment operator
ASSIGNMENT OPERATORS
SIMPLE ASSIGNMENT OPERATOR
Most commonly used Assignment operator
This operator assigns the value in Right side
to Left side
Like variable = value, variable = expression,
variable = variable
a=5 Sum = 5+3 a=5 5=a
b=a
SHORTHAND ASSIGNMENT OPERATOR
The operators like +=, *= are called shorthand
assignment operators
The expression a=a+10 can be written as a+=10
Operator Example Same as
+= a+=b a=a+b
a=5
-= a-=b a=a-b a+=10
*= a*=b a=a*b Now
/= a/=b a=a/b a=15
%= a%=b a=a%b
MULTIPLE ASSIGNMENT OPERATOR
Whenever we want assign a single value to
multiple variables in a single line then we
can use the simple assignment operator like
this
a=b=c=5
ASSIGNMENT OPERATORS
Priority
Associative
= - 1
Right to Left
+= - 1
-= - 1
*= - 1
/= - 1 Evaluation of Expression
%= - 1
1. Evaluate expression within parenthesis
2. Evaluate unary operators
3. Evaluate arithmetic expression
4. Evaluate relation expression
5. Evaluate logical expression
6. Evaluate assignment operator
ASSIGNMENT OPERATORS
Evaluation
C -= 5
of Evaluates
C=C–5
Expression C=7–5
C=2
A=1 Evaluates
B *= 2
B=3
B=B*2
C=7
Evaluates B=3*2
B=6
A += 6
A=A+6
A=1+6
A=7
INCREMENT/DECREMENT OPERATOR
Increment/Decrement operator is a unary
operator
Increment operator is used to increment the
value of a variable by one
Decrement operator is used to decrement the
value of a variable by one
There are two operators
INCREMENT/DECREMENT OPERATOR
INCREMENT OPERATOR
++ is an increment operator
This operator is used to increment the value
of variable by one
There are two categories of increment
operator
1. Post increment (ex: c++)
2. Pre increment (ex: ++c)
POST INCREMENT
In Post increment, ++ operator is placed immediately
after the operand
A++
As the name indicates,
❖ First use the value of operand/variable
❖ then increment the value of operand/variable by 1
a
5
Let a = 5
b
1 b = a++ 5
b=5 a
2
a=6 6
PRE INCREMENT
In Pre increment, ++ operator is placed before the
operand ++a
As the name indicates,
❖ First increment the value of operand/variable
by 1
❖ then use the incremented value of
a
operand/variable
Let a = 5 5
1 b = ++a a
6
2
a=6 b
b=6 6
DECREMENT OPERATOR
-- is an decrement operator
This operator is used to decrement the value
of variable by one
There are two categories of decrement
operator
1. Post decrement (ex: c--)
2. Pre decrement (ex: --c)
POST DECREMENT
In Post decrement, -- operator is placed
immediately after the operand A--
As the name indicates,
❖ Firstuse the value of operand/variable
❖ then decrement the value of
a
operand/variable by 1 5
Let a = 5
b
1
b = a-- 5
2
b=5 a
a=4 4
PRE DECREMENT
In Pre decrement, -- operator is placed before the
operand --A
As the name indicates,
❖ First decrement the value of operand/variable
by 1
❖ then use the decremented value of a
operand/variable 5
Let a = 5
1 b = --a a
4
2
a=4 b
b=4 4
INCREMENT/DECREMENT OPERATORS
Priority
Associative
++ - 1
Right to Left
-- - 1
Evaluation of Expression
1. Evaluate expression within parenthesis
2. Evaluate unary operators (increment/decrement operator)
3. Evaluate arithmetic expression
4. Evaluate relation expression
5. Evaluate logical expression
6. Evaluate assignment operator
INCREMENT/DECREMENT OPERATORS
Evaluation a=5
b = 10
of Evaluates
Expression
b++
a++
Evaluates So the value is 11
So the value is 6
Evaluates
INCREMENT/DECREMENT OPERATORS
a
Evaluation a=5
5 1
of Evaluates
a
Expression
a 6 5
2 ++a
a++ 3
5 Evaluates Increment the value of a
Use value of a 7
Then increment a
Then use
incremented value
a
a
6 6
7
4
INCREMENT/DECREMENT OPERATORS
Evaluation a=5
of Evaluates
Expression
Evaluates
a a a Evaluates
5 4 5
INCREMENT/DECREMENT OPERATORS
Evaluation x = 10
of Evaluates
Expression
Evaluates
x x
10 11
CONDITIONAL OPERATOR
Also called ternary operator
It operates on three operands
The operators are ? and :
Syntax:
(expr1) ? expr2 : expr3;
where expr1 is evaluated to true or false
if expr1 is true then expr2 is executed
if expr1 is false then expr3 is executed
CONDITIONAL OPERATOR
CONDITIONAL OPERATOR
Conditional Operator(?:)
Let a = 5, b=4
max = (a > b) ? a : b;
max = (5 > 4) ? 5 : 4;
So, max = 5
BITWISE OPERATOR
These operators are used to manipulate the
bits of the given data
These operators perform logical operation on
individual bits of binary number
There are 6 bitwise operators
BITWISE OPERATORS
BITWISE OPERATOR
Before knowing about Bitwise operator, first let us
see how to convert a given number to binary
32 16 8 4 2 1
5 4 3 2 1 0
2 2 2 2 2 2
If we want to represent 5 in binary form with four
digits
8 4 2 1
3 2 1 0
2 2 2 2
0 1 0 1
BITWISE OPERATOR
Another method to convert a given number to
binary
If we want to represent 5 in binary form with
four digits
2 5
2 2 -- 1
1 -- 0
5 in Binary form 1 0 1
BITWISE AND
If the corresponding bit position in both the
operands are 1 then the result is 1 otherwise 0
Operand1 & Operand2 Result
1 & 1 1
1 & 0 0
0 & 1 0
0 & 0 0
a=10 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
b=6 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
a&b 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2
BITWISE OR
If the corresponding bit position in both the
operands are 0 then the result is 0 otherwise 1
Operand1 | Operand2 Result
1 | 1 1
1 | 0 1
0 | 1 1
0 | 0 0
a=10 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
b=6 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
a|b 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 14
BITWISE XOR
If the corresponding bit position in both the
operands are different then the result is 1
otherwise 1
Operand1 ^ Operand2 Result
1 ^ 1 0
1 ^ 0 1
0 ^ 1 1
0 ^ 0 0
a=10 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
b=6 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
a^b 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 12
LEFT SHIFT
The operator is <<
This operator is used to shift the data by a specified
number of bit positions towards left
Let us consider a << num,
a -- data to be shifted to left MSB are discarded
num – number of bit position
a=5 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
b = a << num
LSB is
b = 5 << 1 b= appended
0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
5<<1 with zero’s
10
RIGHT SHIFT
The operator is >>
This operator is used to shift the data by a specified
number of bit positions towards right
Let us consider a >> num,
a -- data to be shifted to right
num – number of bit position LSB are discarded
a=10 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
b = a >> num
b = 10 >> 1 b=
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
10<<1 MSB is
appended
5 with zero’s
BITWISE NEGATE
The operator is ~
This operator changes every bit of an operand
from 0 to 1 and 1 to 0
Operand ~Operand
1 0
0 1
a=10 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
b=~a 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 245
BITWISE OPERATORS
Priority
~ - 1 Associative
<< - 2 Left to Right
>> - 2
& - 3
Evaluation of Expression
^ - 4
| - 5
1. Evaluate expression within parenthesis
2. Evaluate unary operators (increment/decrement operator)
3. Evaluate arithmetic expression
4. Evaluate Left shift and Right shift
5. Evaluate relation expression
6. Evaluate Bitwise AND,XOR,OR
7. Evaluate logical expression
8. Evaluate assignment operator
BITWISE OPERATORS
Evaluates 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
10 << 2
0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
Evaluates
5 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
20 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
5&20 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
Evaluation
SPECIAL OPERATOR
Some of the special operators that we dicuss are:
1. , (comma) – used to link related expression
ex: int x,y;
2. sizeof – it returns the number of bytes the
operand occupies
ex: sizeof(int);
3. Pointer operators (&, *)
4. Member selection operator (. , ->)
Thank You
