IOT

ARCHITECTURE
Husni Mohamed
 COURSE OUTLINE.

• Introduction to the IOT

• IOT Architectures
• IOT Protocols
• IOT data management and Analytics
• Development platforms.
• Security of an IOT
• Application of IOT (Design an IOT application)
• Future of IOT
 WHAT IS COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE.

• Is a specification dealing how a set of software and hardware technology standards

interact to perform a computer system or platform.
• Computer architecture refers to how a computer system design and what
technologies is it compatible with.
• Art of determining the user, system, design and creating a logical design and
standard based on requirements.
 CATEGORIES OF A COMPUTER
ARCHITECTURE.

• Instruction set architecture

Interface between the software and hardware. ISA also called an abstract module. Instruction set
provides command to the processer and tell what to do. Instruction set consist of instructions, addressing
modes, registers, memory architecture, interrupt. (x86 instruction set)
ea. -: ADD, LOAD, STORE.
• Micro architecture.
Fundamental design of a microprocessor. Also include the technologies used, resources and
methods processor is designed In order to execute specific instruction set. Also help to interconnection
between the components. ALU, control unit, registers and others interact optimize manner.( Buses and data
pathways between components, dictate the shortest path and proper connection.)
 IOT ARCHITECTURE

• IOT architectures are different from solution to solution which we intended

to build.
• IOT architecture is the system of numerous elements. (sensors, protocols,
cloud services and layers.)
• IOT architecture generally comprises of four stages.
 FEATURES OF IOT ARCHITECTURE.

• Basically, in a IOT solution we are connecting many devises, protocols and

platforms.
• IOT promises more organization seek for the inclusion of its products in
their business process.
• Practically it is too complicated to implement complex business process.
• So that to reduce the complexity of the solutions need to have a reliable
architecture of the internet of things.
 FUNDAMENTAL FEATURES OF A IOT
ARCHITECTURE.

• Functionality
• Scalability
• Availability
• Maintainability
• If these features are not satisfied It is a failure of an IOT architecture.
FOUR STAGES OF IOT ARCHITECTURE.

• Sensors and actuators.

• Internet gateway layer and data acquisition systems
• Edge IT
• Cloud Analytics.
 SENSORS AND ACTUATORS.

• First layer is the physical layer that is comprised of sensors and actuators.
• Sensors sense and collect data from the environment.
• Sensor work includes the pickup of physical parameters and identifying other smart
objects.
Ea. -: Flow sensors, humidity sensors, temperature sensors.
• Actuators that can affect a change in environment.
• Actuator is responsible for actual physical action activated.
• Ea. - A sensor sense the temperature and switch on the fire alarm.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS.
Important factor was accuracy of data.
 SENSORS AND ACTUATORS.

• Sensors and Actuators cover from legacy industrial devices to robotic

systems.
• Sensing and actuating stage covers all the things that physical world to gain
the necessary insight for further analysis.
GATEWAY LAYER AND DATA ACQUISITION
SYSTEM.

• Data acquisition is the process of sampling signals which measure real

world physical entities and convert results to digital numeric values.
• Mostly data come from sensors are analog and need to be aggregated and
convert to the digital form.
• IOT gateway is a physical device or software program which is connection
point between the sensors, controller and cloud.
• Internet gateway work with wireless or wired lan to further process.
GATEWAY LAYER AND DATA ACQUISITION
SYSTEM.

• This stage main work was aggregate enormous amount of data from first
stage squeeze it to optimize size for the further analysis.
• Also analog to digital conversion and timing happening in there.
 EDGE IT.

• Edge computing means running few process in the cloud and moving other
process to the local places.
• Focus to bringing computing as close to the source of data to reduce the
bandwidth and latency use.
• IOT data is so enormous. So its use more network bandwidth and resources.
So systems at the edge perform analytics to lessen the burden on core IT
infrastructure.
 CLOUD ANALYTICS.

• The main process of this stage happens in the data center or cloud.
• Cloud based systems analyze, manage and securely store data.
• In this stage can do depth analysis and combine sensor data with other data
sources for deeper insights.
• Need to wait longer to get results until data reach this stage.
• Processing may take place in the cloud or hybrid cloud system.
FOUR STAGE IOT SOLUTION ARCHITECTURE.
 THREE-LAYER ARCHITECTURE.
(CONVENTIONAL ARCHITECTURE.)

• Perception layer.
Consist of physical layer. In other words, perception layer is the
physical layer. It sense other physical parameters or identify other smart
objects in the environment.
Also called the recognition layer. And the lowest level of the three-layer
architecture.
Main responsibility is to collect the data from things and environment.(Sensor
type real world objects, heterogeneous devices)
 THREE-LAYER ARCHITECTURE.
(CONVENTIONAL ARCHITECTURE.)

• Network layer.
Main responsibility is to secure data transfer between the application and
perception layer.
Mainly this layer convergence with internet and communication based networks.
The data processing relevant tasks handled IOT Manager.This layer also ensure
unique addressing and routing abilities to the unified integration of uncountable
devices in a single cooperative network.
Network layer is the most developed layer of conventional IOT architecture.
 THREE-LAYER ARCHITECTURE.
(CONVENTIONAL ARCHITECTURE.)

• Application layer.
Considered as the top layer of the architecture. Provide personalized
based services according to relevant user needs.
Main responsibility is to link major gap between the users and applications.
This IOT layer combines the industry to attain the high level intelligent
applications. Such as disaster monitoring, health monitoring, trans position
THREE-LAYER ARCHITECTURE
DIAGRAM.
 FIVE-LAYER IOT ARCHITECTURE.

• Objects
• Objects abstraction.
• Service management
• Application layer
• Business layer.
 FIVE-LAYER IOT ARCHITECTURE.

• Object layer.
The lowest layer represent and object layer. Main responsibility is to
collect the data from different devices and then process and digitize the data.
Perception layer represent an object layer.
 FIVE-LAYER IOT ARCHITECTURE.

• Object abstraction layer.

Act as a middle layer between object layer and the service
management layer.
In object abstraction RFID, WIFI and third generation communication
technologies are used.
 FIVE-LAYER IOT ARCHITECTURE.

• Service management layer.

The main responsibilities are facilitating information processing, decision making
and control of pairing requestor information for relevant tasks.
• Application layer.
Provides facilities to customers according to their requirement with smart quality
facility.
• Business layer.
Represent the business module and the data that’s been received from the
application layer.
 SERVICE ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE.

• Essentially collection of services and these services communicate with

each other.
• Services are provided to the other component by application component,
through a communication protocol over a network.
• The principle of SOA is independent from any product, vendor or
technology.
 WHAT IS SERVICES IN SOA

• Service is a self contain unit of software performs a specific task.

• Service consist with 3 components.
1) Interface.
2)Contract.
3)Implementation.
 SERVICES IN SOA

• Interface -: How a service provider perform a requests from a consumer.

• Contract -: Defines how a service provider and the service consumer
should interact.
• Implementation -: Implementation is the actual code.
 PRINCIPLES OF SOA

• Loose coupling -: Minimum dependency on each other. So that service

function is change, it is not break client application and stop it from
working.
• Service abstraction -: Service should not expose how it execute its
functionality.
• Service reusability -: Divide into services that intent of maximizing reuse
• Service interoperability -: Use standards that allows diverse subscribers to
use the service.
 SERVICE ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE.

• Service oriented architecture enabling heterogeneous and distributed

applications to work together seamlessly. Organizing system are reusable
components, not fixed process.
• Functionalities discovered and reuse through loosely couple standard
based interfaces.
• SOA decentralized physically and logically fragmented functionality
throughout and organization.
• SOA services are discoverable and accessible by users.
 SERVICE ORIENTED MIDDLEWARE WITH
IOT
• Service oriented middleware based on the service-oriented architecture. SOA help
to developed distributed systems in terms of loosely coupled networked services.
• Key feature of SOA is that services are independent, well define interfaces without
requiring client to have knowledge how the service actually perform the task.
 SERVICE ORIENTED CONCEPT.

• SOA style is structured around three architectural components.

i) Service provider.

Create a web service and provide details to the service registry. Service provider is the maintainer
of the service.

ii) Service consumer.

Locate the service meta data in the registry and develop required client components to bind and use the
service.

iii) Service registry.

Service registry allows service providers to discover and communicate with consumers. Service
registry efficiently creating a link between service provider and the customer.
SERVICE
ORIENTED
CONCEPT.
SERVICE ORIENTED CONCEPT.
 REFERENCES

• https://www.i-scoop.eu/internet-of-things-guide/iot-technology-stack-
devices-gateways-platforms/
• https://medium.com/datadriveninvestor/4-stages-of-iot-architecture-
explained-in-simple-words-b2ea8b4f777f
• https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/service-oriented-architecture/
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service-oriented_architecture
Q&A
Thank You.