FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

UITM TERENGGANU, BUKIT BESI CAMPUS

PROGRAMME : DIPLOMA OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (EM110)

COURSE NAME : REFRIGERATION & AIR CONDITIONING
COURSE CODE : MEC351
GROUP : EM1105C

MINI PROJECT (25%)

PREPARED BY:
NO. GROUP MEMBERS’ NAME STUDENT ID
1 ANIS NAJWA BINTI ISMAIL 2015815362
2 LUQMAN HAZEEQ BIN AHMAD IZUDDIN 2015866412
3 MOHAMAD HAFIZUDDIN BIN MOHD ROSDI 2015870942
4 NUR AFIQAH BINTI ABDULLAH 2015891734
5 SYAFI ARIF FADLI BIN SUHAIMI 2015813032

PREPARED FOR:
SIR HELMISYAH BIN AHMAD JALALUDIN

DATE OF SUBMISSION:
26 DECEMBER 2017
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

NO. CONTENTS PAGES

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-2
2.0 DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS 3-12
3.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 13-16
4.0 METHODOLOGY 17-26
5.0 CALCULATION 27-31
6.0 RESULTS & DISCUSSION 32-35
7.0 CONCLUSION 34-35
8.0 REFERENCE 36-37
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the Name of Allah, The Most Gracious and Merciful, Peace be Upon Him,
Muhammad S.A.W. and onto His Family and onto His Eminent Companions. All praises to
Allah for the strengths and His blessing in completing this assignment.

We were using this opportunity to express our gratitude to everyone who supported us
throughout the course of this an assignment. We are thankful for their aspiring guidance,
invaluably constructive criticism and friendly advice during the project work. We are sincerely
grateful to them for sharing their truthful and illuminating views on a number of issues related
to the project.

We would like to show our gratitude Sir Helmisyah bin Ahmad Jalaludin Lecturer of
Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning (MEC351), UiTM Terengganu, Bukit Besi Campus, for
giving us a good guideline and knowledge to assist us in finish our mini project as well.

We also owe acknowledgement to our family for their support in no matter what we do.
They also help us a lot of such as providing us with necessary financial to make this assignment
a success project.

Lastly, many people, especially our classmates and team members itself, have made
valuable comment suggestions on this proposal which gave us an inspiration to improve our
assignment. We thank all the people for their help directly and indirectly to complete our
assignment.
 1.0
INTRODUCTION

1
1.0 INTRODUCTION
As the semester 5 from Diploma of Mechanical Engineering students of Universiti
Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Terengganu, Bukit Besi Campus, this group mini project gives
the students a chance to practice all the knowledge that we have gained in the academic
session in order to be a good an engineer.
The name of this group mini project is REFRIGERATION AND AIR-
CONDITIONING which is contains 25% marks. In this group assignment, this group
consists of 5 persons. This task required to design a complete air conditioning system. The
design must be accordingly developed with the given guidelines. This task contains three
main parts which is Design specification, Project report and Project presentation.
Air conditioning is the process of removing heat from the interior of an occupied space,
to improve the comfort of occupants. Air conditioning can be used in both domestic and
commercial environments. Our group decided to select Bilik Kaca Kolej TAR 2, Universiti
Teknologi Mara, Kampus Bukit Besi, 23200 Bukit Besi, Dungun, Terengganu as our floor
plan. The situation we choosed which is consists of 15 students are watching television in
daylight. The mirror of the room is made up of glass which do not have curtain and the
room have a fan.

OBJECTIVES
 To apply knowledge and understanding of laws, theories and principles use in
designing a complete air-conditioning systems.
 To learn how to cooperate together in one team to choose the best air conditioner in
the building.
 To apply technical reasoning in solving authentic problems.
 To apply and solve the problem of simple engineering structures.
 To design and propose an air conditioning systems.

2
 2.0
DESIGN
SPECIFICATION

3
DESIGN SPECIFICATION
a) Floor plan

b) Air-conditioning specifications
1. Area purpose
The area purpose is the place where the student of UiTM Cawangan Bukit Besi
can watch the television. The students can go there any time they free to watch the
movies. The area for the building is 591cmx311cm, which is the maximum student can
fit in is around 15 students.
Air conditioning (often referred to as AC, or A/C) is the process of removing
heat from the interior of an occupied space, to improve the comfort of occupants. Air
conditioning can be used in both domestic and commercial environment.
To make the room more comfortable, we have design a complete air-
conditioning system. Our group decided to install packaged air conditioner in the
Television room. The Grand Total Heat (GTH) of the TV room is 37 854 BTU/hr. A
refrigeration ton is approximately equivalent to 12,000 BTU/h. After conversion, the
capacities for TV room is 3.15 tons. Our group decided to install packaged air
conditioner because the packaged air conditioners are available in the fixed rated
capacities of 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 tons.

4
 Besides, it can cool the entire home or building, and this system is connected to
an air ducting system. Package air conditioner is used in two or more room. So, in this
case, the combined room for TV room is store room which is situated beside it.

2. Number of occupants
We have decided 15 students in the building when the air-conditioning,
television and others electrical are opened.
3. Number and types of electrical equipment
In TV room, we have two fluorescent lamps, one fan, one emergency lamp when
the electric is disconnected and one of Panasonic television.
4. Operation hours
TV room is open at 8.00a.m until 12.00p.m every day.
a. The value of cooling load calculation
b. The technical and economic reasons for types of air conditioning selected.

Air Packaged Air Conditioner

Technical Advantages:

1. Easy access for technicians – having all the components placed in one unit causes it to be
simpler for technicians to get into the unit for repairs and maintenance.
2. Can readily heat and cool large spaces – packaged units are made to warm and cool spaces
that are big; the tonnage for a unit that is packed can range from 3 tons to more than 20
tons.
3. Saves space – by putting your packed unit on the roof you will not lose any indoor square
footage.
4. Safer from damage – placement on the roof means your unit that is packed is not more
dangerous from debris and possible vandalism.

Economic Advantages:

1. Cost Efficient
Because all components of the HVAC are packaged together for this option, it can cost
less to install. It is generally less labor-intensive to install a packaged HVAC. Also,
since this unit contains all its components in one place, it eliminates the need to
purchase compatible parts that have to work with both areas of a split system HVAC
whenever maintenance is required.

5
2. Ease of Access
A packaged HVAC's centralized outdoor system gives technicians ease of access when
maintenance is required, which can cut down on time and cost. It also allows
homeowners easier access for troubleshooting problems or performing DIY
maintenance on their system.
3. Energy Efficient
In addition to the space efficiency, cost efficiency and ease of access that comes with a
centralized HVAC unit, packaged HVAC units can also be energy efficient. Many
packaged units are available as energy saving models that can help cut down on your
everyday heating costs. Because the packaged HVAC contains all the unit's components
when it leaves the factory, these units are fully charged and ready to go. Factory settings
also help with the unit's efficiency.
4. Compatibility
Packaged HVAC units can often be readily compatible with air purifiers, ventilators,
humidifiers, and other components that help improve your indoor air quality easily and
efficiently.
5. Expansion Capabilities
Finally, packaged HVAC units are easier to expand than split systems because of their
central location. This makes them easier and more efficient to adjust and move, which
makes them attractive to commercial businesses that may need to expand down the road
as their operation grows.

6
7
DESIGN DRAWING

A B

Figure 1: Floor Plan

* A & B: Fluorescent lamp. *C: Fan. *D: Emergency lamp. * E: Television.

8
 A

From front view

Figure 2: Front view of the room

*A: Television. *B: Window. *C: Switch.

9
 C
A

From right
side view

Figure 3: Right side view of the room

*A: Door. *B: Wall. *C: Television.

10
 B
A

Figure 4: Front view of the room

*A: Switch. *B: Door.

11
 A

Figure 5: Front view of glass mirror in the room

*A: Glass mirror.

12
 3.0
LITERATURE
REVIEW

13
LITERATURE REVIEW
There are many types of air conditioner that are commonly uses in Malaysia. Malaysia is
the country where hot meets humid. It is undeniable that we need an air con or two at home to
feel comfortable. However, there are many types of air conditioners on the market today. Split
AC, Cassette AC, what does it all mean? This is a list of air conditioner that are commonly
uses in Malaysia.
First in windowed air conditioner. This type of air conditioner is the most affordable. It’s
also very rare these days. You’ll probably have a difficult time finding one, and even if you
did, it probably doesn’t work as well anymore. It fits perfectly in window sills in a single unit.
For those who are busy with work, this type of air conditioner is easier and simple to install. It
is easier to be taken care of too. The drawback is that these units are not as good at cooling as
the others and it is rather an unsightly thing.

Figure 1: Windowed air conditioner

Second is split air conditioner. This type of unit is called a split unit because there
are 2 units – the internal unit and the external unit. The external unit will normally be
installed outside of the house. The internal unit provides cold air into the house and the
outdoor unit channels warm air out of the house. These air conditioners are most common
in Malaysian households.

14
 Figure 2: Split air conditioner

Then is Tower air conditioner. If you are looking to cool a large room, choose tower
air conditioners as it has a high cooling capacity. The way it works is similar to a split air
conditioner but with the added advantage of not having to install the tower as the external
(warm air channel) can be placed on the ground. Might not be as powerful as a split unit
though.

Figure 3: Tower air conditioner

Cassette also a type of air conditioner. Named after its shape, a cassette air
conditioner is great for huge rooms due to its superior cooling capacity. Unlike the tower
air conditioner, the cassette air conditioner needs to be installed internally and mounted on
the ceilings. Impress your guests by installing these industrial air conditioners in your
apartment.

15
 Figure 4: Cassette air conditioner

Lastly is Cube air conditioner. A cube air conditioner is the smaller version of the
split air conditioner. It is normally installed on windows or ceilings. This is likely a
derivation of the old window unit we covered above. Due to its smaller size, it is cheaper
than a split air conditioner. But that does not make it any less efficient; it can cool its
surrounding space fast and easy.

Figure 5: Cube air conditioner

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 4.0
METHODOLOGY

17
METHODOLOGY

1) METHOD FOR CALCULATION

COOLING LOAD
The CLTD/CLF/SCL cooling load calculation method was first introduced in the 1979
ASHRAE Cooling and Heating Load Manual. The CLTD/CLF/SCL method is regarded as a
reasonably accurate approximation of the total heat gains through a building envelope for the
purposes of sizing HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning) equipment. This method
was developed as a simpler calculation alternative to difficult and unwieldy calculation
methods such as the transfer function method. Error when using the CLTD/CLF/SCL method
tends to be less than twenty percent over and less than ten percent under.
The first of the cooling load factors used in this method is the CLTD, or the Cooling Load
Temperature Difference. This factor is used to represent the temperature difference between
indoor and outdoor air with the inclusion of the heating effects of solar radiation.
The second factor is the CLF, or the cooling load factor. This coefficient accounts for the
time lag between the outdoor and indoor temperature peaks. Depending on the properties of
the building envelope, a delay is present when observing the amount of heat being transferred
inside from the outdoors. The CLF is the cooling load at a given time compared to the heat
gain from earlier in the day.
The SC, or shading coefficient, is used widely in the evaluation of heat gain through glass
and windows.
Finally, the SCL, or solar cooling load factor, accounts for the variables associated with
solar heat load. These include the global coordinates of the site and the size of the structure.

18
The equations for the use of the data:

Q= heat gain, usually heat gain per unit time

A= surface area

U= Overall heat transfer coefficient

CLTD= cooling load temperature difference

SCL= solar cooling load factor

CLF= cooling load factor1

SC= shading coefficient

For heat gain through walls, doors, roofs, and windows

Q = U*A*CLTD

Q = U*A*Td(T2-T1) Where U= over all heat transfer BTU\HR

A=Area ft2
T1= outdoor temperature °F

T2= indoor temperature °F

For heat gains due to people, equipment and lighting

Q = Q*CLF

For solar heat gains through windows and glazed surfaces

Q = A*SC*SCL

19
EQUAL FRICTION METHOD

The equal friction method of sizing ducts is recommended because it does not require a
great deal of experience in the selection of proper velocities in the various sections of the duct
system. It is necessary to select the main duct velocity consistent with good practice from a
standpoint of noise for a particular building or application. In this duct-sizing method, the duct
design is based primarily on a consistent pressure loss for each foot of duct.

Proportioning for equal friction is more advantageous than reducing the velocity in a
haphazard manner because the friction calculation is greatly simplified. In calculating the friction,
it is necessary to know only the length of the longest run, the number and size of elbows, and the
diameter and velocity of the largest duct. The friction loss is exactly the same as though the entire
amount of air were carried the whole distance through the largest duct.

2) PROCEDURE
COOLING LOADS CALCULATION METHODS
The methods of calculating cooling loads are based on equations of thermal equilibrium
between the space components and heat sources. The two basic methods for calculating the
cooling loads are: the CARRIER method and the ASHRAE method. Generally, these two
methods follow the same basic principles.
The ASHRAE methods are:
1) Cooling load temperature difference (CLCD): this is a hand calculation method based
on representative results from the transfer function method;
2) Transfer function method (TFM): this method uses heat accumulation factors to convert
the heat gain into cooling load;
3) Radiant time series (RTS): this is the most accurate method, because it calculates the
delayed heat gain result during a 24-hour cycle in the current cooling load

20
EQUAL FRICTION METHOD

1. Compute the total volume (ft2) of the structure.

2. Compute the cubic-foot volume of each room in the structure to be supplied with heated or
cooled air. The volume of each room should be expressed as a percentage of the total volume
of the structure.
3. Compute the total amount of air to be handled by the blower of fan. This will be the total CFM
for the entire structure and can be computed by the air change method:

𝐵𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝐶𝑢𝑏𝑖𝑐 𝐹𝑒𝑒𝑡

CFM = 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝐴𝑖𝑟 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒

4. Determine the portion of the total amount of air to be delivered to each room. This is computed
by multiplying the total CFM for the structure by the room volume percentage
5. Determine the design and location of the duct runs then locate the supply air outlets and return
air openings for each room to give the most uniform distribution of air. Each outlet should be
selected for suitable air velocity and throw.
6. Determine the total CFM for the main supply duct before any branch ducts are reached. This
will be equal to the total CFM for the entire structure.
7. Determine the allowable air velocity in the main supply duct.
8. Determine the static pressure drop from Figure 7-23.

21
9. Use Figure 7-23 to compute the round duct diameter for each branch duct.
10. Using the same data in step 9, determine the air velocity for each branch duct. The air velocity
of duct branch No. 10.
11. Size the return air duct system by first determining the amount of return air required.
12. After the duct sizes have been determined, it is necessary to compute the external static
pressure of the system so that a suitable fan can be selected which will handle the required
volume of air against the total static pressure of the system. In the equal friction method, the
total external static pressure drop of the system is obtained by calculating the external static
pressure for the duct run having the highest total resistance. For the duct system shown in
Figure 7-22, this can be obtained by adding the total length of the main supply duct from the
point where the air enters the system and the equivalent straight pipe length of all elbows and
transitions.
13. The total resistance for the return duct run is determined in the same manner as described for
the supply air run.
14. The total static pressure against which the blower or fan must operate includes the following:
 Total resistance of the supply air duct system (that is, the total external static pressure
drop).
 Total resistance of the return air duct system (that is, the total external static pressure
drop).
 Total internal static pressure losses (that is, resistance through filters, cooling coils, and
other forms of equipment).

3) ASSUMPTION OF DESIGN REQUIREMENT

VENTILATION
Ventilation is required to bring fresh air into the building. The user must specify the
minimum ventilation in air changes per hour. One air change is equivalent to replacing the the
entire volume of air in the building with the same volume of fresh air. Air changes can be
specified directly, or the air change rate can be linked to the typical number of people in a
room. Different values can be specified for times when the building is occupied vs. unoccupied.

22
Fresh air is usually introduced into a building in three ways:

1. Mechanical systems (intake and/or exhaust fans)

2. Natural ventilation (opening windows)
3. Infiltration (leaks around windows & doors)

This model does not directly predict infiltration rates, and if they exist, they should be
included in the minimum air change rate. Three different ventilation options can be simulated:
Mechanical Ventilation, Natural Ventilation, or a Hybrid Ventilation (a combination of the
previous two). All three cases share the following assumptions:
1. Fresh air is brought into the building at the outdoor air temperature.
2. Indoor air is exhausted from the building at the indoor air temperature.
3. No energy is recovered from the exhaust air.
4. Fan energy is not considered.

Assumptions that are specific to the ventilation type are as follows:

1. Mechanical Ventilation Cooling and Heating

 The amount of fresh air intake and indoor air exhaust are exactly determined by the
specified ventilation rate.
 No heat is recovered from the indoor air exhaust.
 If the indoor air temperature falls below the minimum temperature set-point,
heating energy is supplied to maintain a comfortable temperature.
 If the indoor air temperature rises above the maximum temperature set-point,
cooling energy is supplied to maintain a comfortable temperature.
 If the indoor air humidity rises above the maximum humidity set-point, cooling
energy is supplied to remove moisture from the air.

23
2. Natural Ventilation Cooling, Mechanical Heating
a) Windows can be opened or closed to help mediate the indoor environment.
1) If the indoor air temperature is approaching the maximum temperature set-
point, and the outdoor air temperature is cooler, the windows are opened.
2) If the indoor air temperature is approaching the minimum temperature set-point,
and the outdoor air temperature is warmer, the windows are opened.
3) If the indoor relative humidity reaches the maximum humidity set-point, the
windows will close if the outdoor humidity ratio is greater to prevent excess
indoor humidity.

b) When a window is opened, the fresh-air flow rate through the window is calculated
based on a cross-flow model that involves wind speed, window dimensions, and room
dimensions.
1) If the amount of natural ventilation is less than the minimum required air change
rate, the mechanical system will bring in enough additional fresh air to meet the
minimum requirement.

c) If the amount of natural ventilation is greater than the minimum air change requirement,
then no mechanical assistance will be used.
2) If the indoor air temperature falls below the minimum temperature set-point,
heating energy is supplied to maintain a comfortable temperature.
3) If the indoor air temperature rises above the maximum temperature set-point, *no*
cooling energy is supplied. Instead, the upper-temperature is allowed to float freely.
4) If the indoor air humidity rises above the maximum humidity set-point, *no*
cooling energy is supplied. Instead, the indoor humidity level is allowed to float
freely.

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 3. Hybrid Ventilation: Natural + Mechanical Cooling, Mechanical heating.
a. This case is identical to Natural Ventilation Cooling except that:
1. If the indoor air temperature rises above the maximum temperature set-point, the
windows are closed and cooling energy is supplied.
2. If the indoor air humidity rises above the maximum humidity set-point, the
windows are closed and cooling energy is supplied.

COOLING LOADS

When the indoor air temperature climbs above the high temperature set point, a (sensible)
cooling load is required. Similarly, when the indoor air relative humidity climbs above the
maximum-humidity set point, a (latent) cooling load is required.

If Natural Ventilation Cooling is chosen, then no chiller system is available and the cooling
load is reported as zero. The air temperature will float freely above the minimum temperature. In
this case the user can view a histogram of the hours spent at a given air temperature to determine
how often the building would be uncomfortably hot without using a mechanical chiller. If Hybrid
Ventilation is chosen, a chiller is used when opening the windows does not maintain a comfortable
indoor environment. Factors that contribute to the cooling load include:

 Solar gains: direct and diffuse radiation passing through window/blind system.
 Heat passing through the building envelope (walls and windows).
 Heat from electric lights.
 Heat from equipment.
 Heat from occupants: 75Watts/person (sensible) + 55Watts/person (latent).
 Ventilation and infiltration (air flows): Mass Flow x Cp x (T_inside – T_outside).

25
Cooling Assumptions:

 Cooling energy represents the combined sensible and latent loads

 Chiller Coefficient of Performance (COP) = delivered-cooling-energy/electricity-
consumption. COP is assumed to be 3.0 and is constant for latent and sensible loads.
 To provide 1kWh of cooling energy requires (1kWh/3.0) = 1/3 kWh of electricity.
 Overall efficiency of power generation and distribution system = 30%.
 Efficiency = Electrical energy delivered to building / Primary energy consumed at power
plant.
 So to provide 1kWh of cooling energy requires 1/3 kWh of electricity, which requires (1/3
kWh-e)/30% = 1.11 kWh of primary energy.
 No energy is recovered from exhaust air.
 Fan energy is neglected.

26
 5.0
CALCULATION

27
CALCULATION
I. Sample calculation and analysis
II. Cooling load estimation table

Cooling Load Estimation Table

Sheet No : Date :
Estimated by : Job Nov :

Width Length Height Fl Area Volume

Zone / Room Size
(ft) (ft) (ft) (sq.ft) (cubic.ft) Equipment Operation : ………………… hrs/day
Factory 10.0324 19.3898 9.121 194.53 1774.221217

Psychrometric Analysis
DBT WBT SH
Design Condition o o RH TDP Ventilation Requirement / Infiltration Rate cfm
( F) ( F) (gr/lb)
Outside Air (OA) 92 80 60 136.4 76.1 15 People x 15 cfm/person = 225
Indoor Air (RM) 75 64 55 71.2 57.8 sq.ft x cfm/sq.ft = 0
Difference, ∆ 17 65.2 1 ACH x 1774.221 Vol/60 = 29.5704

Area DTe U Cooling Load Total

Item x x
(sq.ft) (Table 7) (Table 9) (BTU/hr) (BTU/hr)
Solar Heat Gain
Wall (Conduction) N 55.47 x 14 x 0.48 373
E 156.02 x 15.1 x 0.48 1131
S 157.51 x 22.8 x 0.48 1724
W 145.32 x 22.8 x 0.48 1590
Area DTe U
x x
(sq.ft) (Table 8) (Table 9)
Roof 194.526 x 45 x 0.21 1838

Peak Solar Storage Load Overall

Area
Heat Gain Factor Shade Factor

(sq.ft) (Table 4) (Table 5) (Table 6)

Glass (Radiation) N 127.1 x 10 x 0.95 x 0.94 1135
E 23.05 x 167 x 0.28 x 0.94 1013
S 23.05 x 14 x 0.63 x 0.94 191
W 0 x 0 x 0 x 0 0
8995
Area U DT
Transmission Heat Gain
(sq.ft) (Table 9) (To - Ti)
All Glass 173.2 x 1.13 x 17 -5 2349
Wall North 55.47 x 0.48 x 17 453
x x
Partition
(Table 8) (Table 9)
Ceiling x x 0
Floor x x 0
Infiltration cfm DTdesign Conversion

Sensible 29.5704 x 17 x 1.09 548

2801
Internal Heat (Sensible)
Item No. (Table 10)
People 15 x 230 3450
(Area) (Table 1) (Type Factor) Conversion
Lights 194.5262295 2 x 1.25 x 3.4 1653
Equipment No. Rating (Watt)
Television 1 x 915 x 3.4 3111
Wi-Fi modem 1 x 20 x 3.4 68
Type 3 0 x x 3.4 0
8282
Room Sensible Heat Sub Total 20079
Safety Factor (10%) 2008
TOTAL ROOM SENSIBLE HEAT (RSH) 22087
Ventilation / Outside Air Requirement 28
DTdesign
cfm BF (Table 12) Conversion
or Dw
Bypass air (Sensible) 225 x 17 x 0.3 x 1.09 1251
(1) TOTAL EFFECTIVE ROOM SENSIBLE HEAT (ERSH) 23338
Partition
(Table 8) (Table 9)
Ceiling x x 0
Floor x x 0
Infiltration cfm DTdesign Conversion

Sensible 29.5704 x 17 x 1.09 548

2801
Internal Heat (Sensible)
Item No. (Table 10)
People 15 x 230 3450
(Area) (Table 1) (Type Factor) Conversion
Lights 194.5262295 2 x 1.25 x 3.4 1653
Equipment No. Rating (Watt)
Television 1 x 915 x 3.4 3111
Wi-Fi modem 1 x 20 x 3.4 68
Type 3 0 x x 3.4 0
8282
Room Sensible Heat Sub Total 20079
Safety Factor (10%) 2008
TOTAL ROOM SENSIBLE HEAT (RSH) 22087
Ventilation / Outside Air Requirement
DTdesign
cfm BF (Table 12) Conversion
or Dw
Bypass air (Sensible) 225 x 17 x 0.3 x 1.09 1251
(1) TOTAL EFFECTIVE ROOM SENSIBLE HEAT (ERSH) 23338

ROOM LATENT HEAT

No. Table 10
People 15 x 120 1800
Equipment
cfm Dw design Conversion
Infiltration Latent 29.5704 x 65.2 x 0.68 1311
Safety Factor (10%) 311
ROOM LATENT HEAT (RLH) 1622
Ventilation / Outside Air Requirement
Dw design (gr/lb)
cfm BF (Table 12) Conversion
or Dw
Bypass air (Latent) 225 x 65.2 x 0.3 x 0.68 2993
(2) EFFECTIVE ROOM LATENT HEAT (ERLH) 4615
(1) +(2) EFFECTIVE ROOM TOTALHEAT (ERTH) 27952

Outside Air / Ventilation Requirement (Remaining Load)

Load due to air passing through the DTdesign
cfm (1 - BF) Conversion
coil or Dw
Dehumidifed (Sensible) 225 x 17 x 0.7 x 1.09 2918
Dehumidified (Latent) 225 x 65.2 x 0.7 x 0.68 6983
9901
GRAND TOTAL HEAT (GTH) 37854

EFFECTIVE SENSIBLE HEAT FACTOR (ERSH/ERTH) 0.83

29
AIR DISTRIBUTION: DUCT CALCULATION
A system is supplied with air by a rooftop unit. The return air system requires 0.15 in.wg. The
ducts are to be of galvanized steel round cross section and maximum velocity in the main run is
1300 fpm, whereas the branch velocities must not exceed 1000 fpm. Loss in the diffuser is 0.02
in.wg. A cooling load capacity of 37854 Btu/hour.

Maximum velocity of Maximum velocity of

main duct: 1300 fpm branch duct: 1000 fpm
Recommended velocity Recommended velocity
of main duct: 1150 fpm of branch duct: 750 fpm

Return air, RA: 0.15 in.wg

Diffuser loss, Dloss: 0.02 in.wg
Cooling load: 37854 Btu/hour

SECTION FLOW FRICTION DUCT PRESSURE

VELOCITY,
SECTION LENGTH, RATE, LOSS, DIAMETER LOSS,
(FPM)
(FT) (CFM) (IN.WG) (INCHES) (WG)
AB 6.96 + 1150 1577.25 0.068 17.80 23.1 x 0.068
(MAIN) 16.14 100
= 23.1 = 0.01571
BC 3.00 + 750 1577.25 - 0.058 15.00 5.18 x 0.058
BE 2.18 700 100
= 5.18 = 877.25 = 0.30044
CD 18.29 + 680 877.25 - 0.058 13.20 25.23 x 0.058
CF 6.96 200 100
= 25.23 = 677.25 = 0.01463
DH 17.40 + 640 677.25 – 0.058 11.50 50.47 x 0.058
6.53 + 200 100
26.54 = 477.25 = 0.02927
= 50.47
TOTAL 0.36005
TOTAL PRESSURE= PRESSURE LOSS + RETURN AIR + DIFFUSER LOSS
= 0.36005 + 0.15 + 0.02
= 0.53005 IN.WG

30
 A 6.96 ft F 6.53 ft G
6.96 ft 18.7 ft
B I

16.4 ft C D
17.4 ft

2.18 ft E
26.54 ft
H

31
 6.0
RESULT &
DISCUSSION

32
DISCUSSION
 From cooling load estimation table, the total room sensible heat (RSH) is 22087 Btu/Hr.
the total effective room sensible heat (ERSH) is 23338 Btu/Hr. The total room latent
heat (ERLH) is 4615 Btu/Hr. The summation of total room latent heat and the total
effective room sensible heat (ERTH) is 4615 Btu/Hr. The grand total heat (GTH) is
37854 Btu/Hr.
 For the ducting calculation, a system is supplied with air by a rooftop unit. The return
air system requires 0.15 in.wg. The ducts are to be of galvanized steel round cross
section and maximum velocity in the main run is 1300 fpm, whereas the branch
velocities must not exceed 1000 fpm. Loss in the diffuser is 0.02 in.wg. A cooling load
capacity of 37854 Btu/hour.
 From the table of suggested velocities in low velocity air conditioning systems, for the
main duct design the recommended velocities (fpm) for school, theaters and public
building 1150 fpm. While for the branch duct design is 750 fpm.
 From the calculation of the air distribution of ducting system, the total pressure loss
(wg) is 0.36005. The total pressure of fan is 0.53005 in. wg.

33
 7.0
CONCLUSION

34
CONCLUSION

As the conclusion, proper system design accounts for building type and size, layout,
surrounding area, the nature of activities taking place, the number of occupants, climate and other
factors, making each situation distinct. Package air conditioner is the best choice for that building.

The recirculating air conditioning unit may use to demonstrate and evaluate most of the
processes found in practical air conditioning pant, such as heating, cooling, humidification,
dehumidification air stream. Sometimes, two or more of these process are needed to bring air to a
desired temperature and humidity level. Various air conditioning process in psychometric chart.

This process is most commonly used to achieve a more comfortable interior environment,
typically for humans or animals; however, air conditioning is also used to cool/dehumidify rooms
filled with heat-producing electronic devices, such as computer servers, power amplifiers, and
even to display and store artwork.

This installation of air conditioner will bring comfort for students to watch their favorite
shows in television. They also will not complain to authority for uncomfortable situation in the
Television room. From all of that, our group hope that this installation of air conditioner will
benefits everyone and give a wakeup call to everyone that important to install the right equipment
especially for air conditioning unit which can decrease the utilities’ bill.

Lastly, there are a lot of information and explanation we have learnt from this experiment
that may help us to obtain a reasonable result. This knowledge is important for engineering students
in order to be a good engineer and can apply it in our life correctly. An air conditioner system is
not only to cool the building, it removes dust and dirty, leaving with the fresh air. Air conditioning
system makes our life very comfortable.

35
 8.0
REFERENCE

36
REFERENCES

1) John Liston, 2015, The Different Types of Air Cons You Can Buy In Malaysia, Page 21,
https://www.kaodim.com/blog/2015/04/21/the-different-types-of-air-cons-you-can-buy-in-
malaysia/
2) A.K.Athienitis, 1993, A methodology for integrated building— HVAC system
thermal analysis, Building and Environment, Volume 28, Issue 4, Pages 483-496,
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/036013239390025X
3) Vrellas c.g, karakatsanis t.s, 2012, Calculation methods for acomplete air conditioning
study, Case study of an industrial installation,
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263751187_Calculation_methods_for_a_compl
ete_air_conditioning_study_Case_study_of_an_industrial_installation
4) Spitler, J.D., F.C. McQuiston, K. Lindsey. 1993. The CLTD/SCL/CLF Cooling Load
Calculation Method, ASHRAE Transactions. 99(1): 183–192
5) McQuiston, F.C., and J.D. Spitler. 1992. Cooling and heating load calculation manual.
Atlanta: ASHRAE
6) Matalas, Gintas P. 1972. Transfer Function Method of Calculating Cooling Loads, Heat
Extraction and Space Temperature, ASHRAE Journal. Vol. 14, No. 12: 54–56
7) Lindsey, K. 1991. Revision of the CLTD/CLF Cooling Load Calculation Method. M.S.
thesis, Oklahoma State University
8) McQuiston, Faye C., Parker, Jerald D., Spitler, Jeffrey D. Heating, Ventilation, and Air
Conditioning: Analysis and Design, p216-278. 2005, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

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