TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY

Exnrn.
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
Level Mnrkg 80
Examination Control Division Progt•atnmc
2079 Ashwin
BCE Pggs Marks 32
ii Ili Time hrs.

Subject: Soil Mechanics (CE552)

candidates are required to give their
answers in their own words as far as practicable.
Attempt All questions.
Thefigures in the margin indicate Marks
Assumesuitable data if necessary.

Explain the importance of Soil Mechanics in relation to different Civil Engineeri&B

Problems. Briefly describe the how soils are formed. [1+1)
2. a) How does engineering properties of soil differ from Index properties? Mention
different index tests done for coarse and fine grained soils. (31
b) Draw stress-strain curves for soil at different consistency states.
c) The in-situ field unit weight and water content of soil are 18 kN/rnJ and 10%
respectively. Soil is excavated from this in-situ site is used for embankment
construction. The dry unit weight and water content of the soil at compaction-site are
19 kN/m and 18% respectively. Determinethe amount of soil to be excavatedfor
1 m of compaction. Assume necessary conditions. [31
3. a) Describe the soil classification according to MIT classification system.
b) The sieve analysis of a soil gave the folbwing results:
% passing 75 micron sieve = 4
% retained on 4.75 mm sieve = 35
Coefficient of curvature = 2
Coefficient of uniformity = 5
Classify the soil according to USCS system.
with neat sketches. [41
4. Describe the different types of clay minerals
5. a) What is relative compaction?
on engineering behavior of soil. [21
b) Explain the effect of compaction
of a compacted soil mass is found to be 17 kN/m with
c) The maximum dry unit weight Determinevoid ratio an&degree of saturationof
optimum water content being 16%.
find the value of the maximum dry unit weight on the
this soil-after compaction. Also,
water content? Take specific gravity of soil solid as
zero air void line at that optimum
2.65.
6. a) State quick sand condition.
of uniform sand is located at 2m below the ground
b) The water table irM1deposit the water table is dry,
surface. Assuming the soil above
Determine the effective stress at a depth of 5 m below the ground surface. Take
(i)
as 18 kN/m .
bulk unit weight of sand
the soil above the water table is saturated by capillary action, what is the
(ii) If
effective stress at that depth?
variation of total pressure and effective pressure over the depth of 5 m in
Also.plot the
both.the cases.
53
 7. Define flow net. Write its properties and uses. Prove that the discharge through an earth

mass is given by q = k x h x

where, k = coefficient of permeability;h = head; Nf = number of flow channelsand

Nd number of equipotential drops
8. a) How the scaling is done in Newmark's Analysis method?
b) An excavation 3m x 6 m for foundationis made. The depth of föundationis at 2.5
below the ground surface. The bulk unit weight of the soil is 2 kN/m3.Determinethe
effect of this excavation on the effective vertical stress at the depth of 6 m fromthe
ground surface for (i) vertically below the center of the foundation and (ii) 6 m away
from the center of the foundation.
9. a) How does excess pore water pressure differ from hydroslatic pore water pressure?
b) The soil profile of the ground showsthat sand layer (3.5 m thick void ratio= 0.98,
Specific gravity, GS = 2.62) lies above the clay layer (3.5 m thick, voi4 ratio 0.62,
specific gravity, GS = 2.7, WL= 50%). Ground water table lies I .5 m•below the ground
surface'. Assume impervious layer lies below the clay layer. If a uniformly distributed
load, 110 kPa is applied on the-groundsurface of this soil, find the primary settlement
of the clay layer. For compressibilityindex, use Cc = 0.0099 (LL-10). [5)

c) How does •two way drainage and one Waydrainage affect the time of conSolidation if
degree of consolidation and coefficient of consolidation for that clay layer are same? [31

10. a) State Mohr-Coulomb's failure criterion. (2)

b) A series of shear tests was performed on a soil; Each test was carrieé out untilthesoil
sample sheared and the stresses for each test are as follows.
Test Cell ressure 03 kN/m2 Deviator stress (kN/m )
1 300 875
2 400 1160
3 500 1460

Plot the Mohr circle of stress and the strength envelope and determine the angle-of
internal friction of the soil.
1r. a) Derive an equation for calculatingfactor of safety for infinite slope of dry cohesive
soil. Assume necessary conditions.
b) Find factor of safety of slope using = 0 analysis method. Assume necessary
(3]
conditions..

54
 TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY Exam.
INSTITUTEOF ENGINEERING BE Full Marks 80
Esaniination Control Division ProgrammeBCE Pass Marks 32
2079 Yenr Fart if Il Time
Subject: - Soil Mechanics (CE
552)
candidates are required to give their answers in their own
words as far as practicable.
AttemptAlt questions.
s/ Thefigures in the margin indicate Full Marks.
Assumesuitable data if necessary.

1. Define Soil Mechanics. Explain the significance of fluid mechanics in soil mechanics.
[1+2]
2. a) What are index and engineering properties of soil? Which property is significant for
identification and classification of soil and why?
[2+21
b) Define relative consistency. The values of liquid limit, plastic limit and shrinkage
limit of a soil were reported as follows:
OL= 60%, = 30%,
If a sample of this soil at liquid limit has a volume of 40 cc and its volume measured
at shrinkage limit was 23.5 cc, determine the specific gravity of the solids. What is its
shrinkageratio? Also draw the phase diagram for the soil at liquid limit and at
shrinkage limit as per given reported values. [1+51
3. What is the purpose of soil classification?A soil sample laboratorytest gives the
follovvingresults. Classify the soil and give syrnbol as per USCS classification system. [2+61
Passing through 75-micron sieve = 8%
Passing through 4.75 mm sieve 42%
Coefficient of uniforrnity = 6
Coefficient of curvature = 4
Plasticity index = 4
4. What are the building blocks of clay minerals? Explain the common group of clay
minerals. [1+21
5. What is compaction? How does it differ from consolidation? Describe briefly different
methods of compaction with their relative merits and demerits. 11+2+31
6' A layer of 6m thick fine sand is overlainby a clay deposit of 4m and water table is 2m
below the surface. The unit weight of clay above and below the water level is 1SkN/m
and 22 kN/m respectively. The layer of fine sand has the porosity of 44% and specific
gravityof 2.65. If there is capillaryrise of 1m above the water table, draw total stress,
pore water pressure and effective stress diagram.
7• a) What is flow net? Explain the mechanism of piping in hydraulic structure. [2+21
b) The discharge through the pervious soil is 200 cc/day. The flow net shows 5 flow
Channels and 10 equipotential drops. If the net head causing the now is 2.5m,
calculate the permeability of the soil. [31
8' The a
nnular ring foundation of external and internal diameter 4m and 6m respectively
transmits a pressure of 100kN/m . Compute the vertical stresses at the depth 0.5m, 1m,
2m, 4m and 8m below the center. Also draw stress distribution curve along depth.

55
 5.3-3..

ο 5
3.

a o

O O
 TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY Exam.
Rcgulnr
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level BE Full Marks 80
Examination Control Division ProgrnmmcBCE Marks 32
2078 Chaitra •iiiii Timc 3 firs,
Subject: - Soil Mechanics (CE552)
candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
AttemptAll questions.
Thefigures in the margin indicate Full Marks.
Assumesuitable data if necessary.

1. Define soil. What are the various soil engineering problems? [2]
2. a) Describe toughness index, coefficient of.curvature, activity of soil and air content. [4]
b) A mass of moist soil mass is 20 kg and its volume is 0.011 m3.After oven drying, the
mass reduce to 165 kg. Assume G = 2.70. Determinewater content, dry density,
deuree of saturation and porosity. [41
3. Describethe importance of soil classification.Classify the soil A and B with the
ro erties as shown below accordin to unified soil classification soil. [3+5]
Soil Ip (%) % passing through 4.75 mm sieve % assin throu h 75 sieve
A 45 29 100 59
B 55 15 100 85
4. a) Describe basic structural units of clay minerals. Point out the difference between
Kaolinite, Illite and Montmorillonite clays structures. [31
b) Explain double diffuse layer in clay minerals.
Discuss the factors affecting compaction of soil. [31
b) Describe the following: [3x1]
i) Placement water content
ii) Relative compaction
iii) Theoretical Maximum dry density
Define the following: [4x11
i) Coefficient of transmissibility
ii) Seepage pressure
iii) Quick sahd condition
iv) Held water
b) The following data were recorded in a constant head permeability test.
Internaldiameter of the permeameter= 7.5 cm, porosity of sample =44%
Qualityof water collected in 60s = 626 ml and head loss over a sample length of
18 cm = 24.7 cm. Calculate the permeability, flow velocity and seepage velocity. Also
calculate the permeability of soil at porosity of 39%.
7' Explainthe flow net construction procedure of sheet pile. Describe the graded filter
designmethod with the help of neat sketch.

57
 8. Describe the Boussinesq'slimitations.A rectangularfoundation 4 m by 5 m carriesa
the vertical stress at a point 'P' as
uniformly distributed load of 200 kN/m2.Determine
shown in figure and at a depth of 2.5 m.

n
0.6 1.0 .2 2m

0.6 o. 1069 0-1247 0.1361 o. 1533

0.1247
-övt159s;øz
2 0.1533 cas_T2 0.1999 01±05

9. a) With the help of neat sketch, describe the method of determination of coefficientof
consolidation by square root of time method.
b) Calculate the final settlement of clay layer shown in figure below due to increases
of pressure of 30 kN/m2 at mid height of layer.

Sand y ZZO kN/m3

2.5m
Clav V kN/ms e=1.30 cc -0.22

c) A compressible layer whose total settlement under a given loading is expected to 20

cm, settles 4 cm at end of 2 months. How many months will be required to reacha
settlement of 10 cm. Assume double drainage.
•10. a) State the Mohr's failure theory and derive the Mohr coulomb equation. [1+31
b) Them series -undained tests - on undisturbed —samples- of •an
overconsolidated clay were as below. Determine the shear parameter in terms of
effective stresses.
Cell ressure N/m2 100 200 400 600
Deviater stress at failure (kN(m2 300 410 610 850
Pore water ressure /m2 -45 -15 50 110
11.a) Describe the process of determining the most critical circles in Swedish circle
method.
b) Analyse the infinite slope of cohesionless soil for a steady seepage condition. [31

58
 TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSrTY Exam.
Back
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEEiUNG Level BE Full Marks 80
Control Division Programme BCE
Esanlination2078 roush Pass Marks 32
11jit Time BGs.
Subject: - Soil Mechanics (CE552)
required to give their answers in their own words
e/ Candidates are as far as practicable.
questions.
9/ Attempt margin indicate Full Marks.
9/ Thefigures in the
Assumesuitable data if necessary.

1. Differentiate between residual and transportedsoils. What would be the solution of

different soil engineering problem? [21
2. a) Describe different methods of determimtion of in-situ density based on site
conditions.
b) Undisturbed sample of satuta:ed clay volume of 20cc and weighs 38 gm. After.
oven drying the weight reduccs to 28 gm. Calculate the void ratio and specific gravity. [4]
3, I Iow do you di%tinguish between clay silt in field? State the purpose of
identification and classification of soils. List any three important engineering
classification systems and describe oae ia clearly tringing out its limitations. [2+2+1+3]
Define basic structural units of clay minerals and s2vw the structureof Kaolinite,
Illité and Montw.oålloni:e tuirsrals.
b) Describe different of soil structures, [2+21
Mcntion the factors that affcct the compaction.
b) Explain the effect of oa soil ?t0Frties. (21
c) A cylindrical specimcn of a cohcsi'.e soil of 10 cm diameter and 20 cm in height was
prepared by cotnraction in a mold. Taking the specific gravity of soil solid as 2.65
and the wet weight of this spccimea as 30kN and water content as 15%, find the
followings:
(i) unit Void and Degre of saturation of this cylindrical specimen.•
0
(ii) It' 95 .6 ot• relative cottpaction is to be achieved in the field, v.•hatshould be the
dry unit weight of compacted soil so same soil specimen in the field.
Descxibe the effect of surcharge and capillary action in the effective stress.
b) A drainage pipe is clogged with the scil having coefficient of permeability 10 m/day.
Due to clogging v,atet level in the tank is raised to 20 m and discharge is reduced to
ms,tday.If the cross section of the pipe is 200 cm2, what is the volume of soil in
the pipe?
a) With neat sketch describe the method to find top flow line for an earthen dam
horizontal filter.
b) An earth dam ef homogeaeoussectionv.-itha horizontalfilter is shovmin figure
If the eoemeier,t of vezmeabilityof the soil is 3 XIOÆmm's, find the quantity
Ofseepage per unit length of the

59
 8m

Directrix of
base parabola

30m 32m

— 200 m

8. a) Desqribe,approximate stress distribution methods for loaded areas.

b) A ring foundation is of 3.60 in externaldiameter and 2.40 m internal diameter.It
transmits a uniform pressure of 135 kN/m2. Calculate the vertical stress at a depthof
1.80 m directly beneath the centre of the loaded area.
9. a) A structure built on a 3 m thick single drained claylayer settled 5 cm in 60 days after
•it was built. If this settlement corresponds to 20 percent average consolidatioh of the
clay layer, plot the iime settlement curve of the structure for a period of 3 years from
the time it was built.
b) Explain the different methods of accelerating consolidation settlement.
10. a) What are the advantages and disadvantagesof a triaxial compressiontest? Briefly
explain how you conduct the triaxial test and compute the shear parametersfor the
soil from the test data.
b) Calculatethe potential shear Strengthon a horizontal plane at a depth of 3 m below
the surface in a formation of cohesionlesssoil when the water table .is at a depthof
3.5 m. Thé degree of saturation may be taken as 0.5 on the average. Void ratio 0.50;
grain specific gravity 2.70; angle of internal friction 300. What will-be the
_modifiedvalue of shear strength if the water table reaches the ground surface?
11. An embankment10 m high is inclined at an angle of 360 to thé horizontal, A stability
analysis by the method of slices gives the following forces per running meter:
E Shearingforces = 450 kN
Normal forces 900 kN
E Neutral forces = 216 kN
The length of the failure arc is 27 m. Laboratorytests on the soil indicate the effective
values c' and 4' as 20 kN/m2 and 180respectively.
Determine the factor of safety of the slops with respect to (a) shearing strength and
[3.
(b) cohesion

60
 TRIBHUVANUNIVERSITY [ Ex•nrn.
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level BE Full Marks 80
Examination Control Division ProgrammeBCE Pass Marks 32
2078 Poush Year / Part Il / Il Time 3 hrs.

Subject: - Soil Mechanics (CE552)

candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
Attempt [l questions.
Thefigures in the margin indicate Full Marks.
Necessary tables are attached herewith.
Assumesuitable data if necessary.

1. Differentiate between physical and chemical disintegration process. [2]

2. a) What do you mean by index and engineeringproperties? Why is it necessary to
determine index properties of soil?
b) You are appointed as a supervisor for a road construction project. During the
construction process, the contractor compactedthe base course of the road and the
average water content for the test samples was found to be 15%, the specific gravity
of soil grains= 2.7 and unit weight of soil—18kN/m. The specificationrequires that
void ratio< 0.75. if you i:ave to pass the bill for that task according to the
specification, Would you pass the bill for that work? [4]
a) Point out similarities and differences between USCS system and AASHTO system of
soil classification. [2]
b) What are the basic requirements of soil classification? [2]
c) Classify the given soil according to USCS classification system [4]
% of soil passing through sieve no. 200 (0.075 mm) = 40%
% of soil retained in sieve nno.4 (4.75 mm sieve) = 55%
The grading characteristics of soil were: DIO= 1.2 mm, D60=3.8 mm, D30= 2.6 mm
4. What do you mean by adsorbed water? Describe double diffusive layer formation. [1+3 J
5. a) Is it practically possible to maintain the optimum moisture content during compaction
at field? Give reason.
b) The following results were obtained from a standard compaction test [3+2]
Test No. 1 2 3 4 5 6
Water Content % 11.0 12.1 12.8 13.6 14.6 16.3
Mass of com acted soil m 1920.5 2051.5 2138.5 2147.0 2120.0
2081.5
The specific gravity of solids is 2.7 and volume ofthe compaction mould is 1000cm3.
A field compacted soil sample showed water content of 35% and unit weight of 2.318
Mg/m3.
(i) Draw compaction curve and determine the maximum dry unit weight and OMC
(ii) Find the relative compaction (RC)
6' a) Sand de osit consists of two layers. Top layer is 3 thick with bulk unit weight
IS kN/m and saturated unit weight of 21 kN/m and the bottom layer is 4m thick with
Saturateddensity of .20 kN/m3. Ground water table is at a depth of 4 m below the
ground surface and zone of capillary saturation is 1m above the water table. Calculate
and plot effective stress, total stress and neutral stress.

61
 condition? At site, the initial investigation showed that the is
b) What is quick sand coefficient Of permeability of the soil, which
cohesive (elayY If you have to detcnnine and why? Algo write the expression to
method is most appnjpriate in laboratory
determine the coefficient of penneability.
of 4 x 100 cm's has n depthof
7. a) A deposit of cohesionlesssoil with a penneability
10 m with nn impervious ledge below, sheet pile wall ig driven into this deposit to
of the soil and a 3 m depthof
a depth of 7 m. The wall extends above the surface the seepage quantityper
water acts on one side. Sketch the now net and determine
metre length of the walls
b) Explain the filter requirements for controlling piping. Describe •the properties and
application of flow net. (2+21
S. a) Define significant depth and its importance. Construct an isobar for significant depth. (41
b) A strip footing of width 2m carries a load of 500kN/m. Calculate the maximum strees
at a depth of 5m below the center of footing. Compare the result with 2:1 Distribution
method. [2+21
9. a) A 3m thick clay layer beneath a buildingis overlain by a permeable stratumandis
underlain by .a impervious rock. The coefficient. of consolidation of. the clay was
found to be 0.025cm2/min. The final expected settlement for the layer is
8cm.Determine
i) How much time will it take for 80% of the total settlement
ii)The required time for a settlement of 2.5 cm to occur
iii) the settlement that would occur in I year
b) Discuss the limitations of Terzaghi'stheory of consolidation. State the difference
between primary and secondary consolidation. [2+2)
10. a) List out all the field and lab tests for determining the shear strength parameters of the
soil. Also state which tests are appropriate for which type of soil.
b) Point out the limitations Mohr-Coulomb theory.
c) The following result were obtained from a consolidated —undrained test on normally
consolidated clay. Plot the strengthenvelope in terms of total stress and effective
stress and determine the stren h arameters.
Sample No, Cell pressure Deviator Stress Pore Water Pressure
KN/m2 KN/m2 KN/m2
-1 200 244 55
2 300 314 107
3 400 384 159
11. An infinite slope is•made of clay with the following properties:
= 18 KN/m3, 9 KN/m3.c KN/m2and = 280, If the slope has an inclinationOf
350 and height equal to 12m, determine the stability of the slope, when [6)

i) The slope is submerged

ii) Thére is seepage parallel to the slope

62
 TRIBHUV.AN
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
Fnll 80
Examination Control Division
2078

Stibject: Soil Mechanics (CF.552)

y/ Candidates ave requitTd to givc their answers in their own
words far as prnctic,abfe.
Attempt questions.
• Thefigures in the margin indicate
Assumesuitable data if necessary.
Necessary is qttached hcre"'ith.

1. a) Explain the importance of studying Soil Mechanics.

b) Point out the types Qfsoil based on its formation,grain size and
cohesiveness
2. a) Sketch the phase diagram for a soil and indicate the volumcg and
weights Of
pliases on it. Define 'Void ratio and Degreeof saturation'.
b) A field density test was conducted by core.cutter method and the following
obtained
-Weight of empty core-cutter = 22.8 ON
Weight of soil and core-cutter = 50.05N
Inside dianeter of the core-cutter = 90.0mm
Height of-core-cutter= 180.0m1G
Weight of wet sample for moisture determination 0.5405N
Weight of oven-dry sample = 0.5112N
Specific gravity of soil grains= 2.72
Determine (i) dry density, (ii) void-ratio, and (iii) degree of saturation.
3. a) Name the tests generally done.to identify sandy soil and clayey soil in the field. (21
b) Name the •soil classification systems which use both particle size and plasticity
characteristics of soil.

c) Classify the following. soil if the test results obtained from Sieve Analysis and
Consistency Tests are given below:
Percentage passing No. 4 Sieve (4.75 mm) = 70%, Percentage passing No. 200 Sieve
(0.075mrn) 30%; Liquid limit= 33% and Plastic Limit = 11
4. Define soil fabrics and soil structure. Explainwith clear sketches the and types of
clay minerals. (1+31

5. Evaluate•the constlllction of embankment if required degree of compaction is 95% and

the dry density of the embankment was found as' 1.78gmJcc. The result of compaction test
performed in the laborator for the same material usin 950cc mould are' as follows. 161
vP/o 7.7 11.5 14.6 17.5 19.7 21.2
Mass of wet soil 1.70 1.89 2.03 1.99 1.96 1.92
a) Fluctuation of water level in the sea affects the effective stiiBSS
of the soil lying in the
sea bed. Do you agree with this statement? Answer the question with proper
explanation.
b) A soil profile consists of auld 3n1 thick clay layer and sand layers, respectively,
Clay layer lies above the sand Ia.yernud the ground water table is seen at 21n depth
from the ground suffacc. Above (he water table, there lies 1m thick capillary saturated

63
 and 7m depths from the
Determine effective vertical stress fit 0m, 1m, 2m, 4m,
zone.
surface. Take-bulk unit weight and saturatcd unit weight of ctay os 20kNli•n3
g:ound unit weight of sand as 19kN/m3.
saturated
and 201cN/m3.respectively.Take
Explain Darcy's law in regalll with dischargevelocity. Write clownthe names of
c) of permcabilityof the soil both in the
differenttests done to find the coefficient
laboratory and field.
d) Explain Quick sand condition.
properties and applications.
7. a) What is flow net? Describe its
xvidthof an earthen dam with a horizontal filter at its
b) Prove that the discharge per unit
the focal length.
toeis equal to the coefficient of.permeability times
is supported by three columm in
S. a) A water tower (106kNincluding foundation) 5m
triangular patieyn (each side 10m long). Calculatethe stress below the foundation
Evel at the center of water tank and each footing.
ts and Westergaald ts theory-
b) Describe the limitations of Boussinesq

9. a) Explain what is meant by normally consolidatedclay stratum and over-consolidated

clay stratum. Sketch typical results Of consolidationtest data to suitable plot lelating
the void mtio and consolidation pressure in each case and show how pre-consolidation
can be estimated. 12+2+11

b) There is a bed of compressible clay of 4m thickness vyrithprevious sand on top and

imogrvious rock at the bottom. In a consoliatiorutest on an undi>tributed specimen of
clay from this deposit 90% settlement was reached in 4 hours. The specimen was
20mm thick. Estimate the time in years for building founded over this deposit to.

reach 00% of its final settlement,

10. a) Define major and minor principle stresses. \Vhat happens if the value of major
principle stressincreases while minor principle stress remains constant? Draw Mohr
circle of stresses at failure with Mohr-Coulorn% Failure line for soil having only angle
of internal fricfion•.

b) Name the laborAtoryand field tests conducted to find the strength parameters ofasoil. (Il
c) Draw finaltestresultSof Unconfined Compression Tests and Direct Shear Test forthe
same soil so that strength parametexs ofthe sdil could be obtained.
d) At confining pressufe of 100kPa and deviator stress of 200kPa, a cohesionless sou
sample was failed in iliaxial test. Determine the deviator stesses if the sariple of
same soil when failed under confining pressure of 200k?a. Also, Mohr circlesof
stress along with Mohr-coulomb failure envelop.

ll. A cut 10m deep is to be made in a stratum of cohesive soil (c=35kN/m2, y=18.5kNlm
and Ø=O). The bed rock is located 15m below the original grotmd surface.

64
 TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
IC.xnrn.
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING RépulaY
Level
Mario 80
Examination Control Division rrogrmnmcBCE
2077 Chaitra rass Marks 32
Year / Part 11/ 3 Ijrg.
Subject: Soil MechanicsfCE552)
t/ candidates are required to giveffeir answers in their
own words as far as practicable,
AttemptAll questions.
Thefigures in the margin indicate Marks.
Assumesuitable data if necessary.
1. Briefly describe the process of soil formation.
[2]
2. a) phase diagrams for dry soil sample and
saturated soil sample before and after
•the compaction and consolidation processes,
respectively.
b) Explain the field tests generally done to find the dry
unit weight of soil.
c) Dry sand is poured into a cylindricalcontåiner(intemal
0.2m) and just filled up to its top. The weight of
diameter,0.2m and height,
the dry sand in the container is found
to be 10kg. By adding water, this dry sand sample is
fully satirated with water. Let
the void ratio of this sand sample be 0.54 which remains
constant thrOughoutthe
saturation process. Taking the value of specific gravity of soil
solid as 2.65, find the
followings:
(i) The amount of water needed to fully saturate the dry sand sample
and its water
content at full saturation.
(ii) Also, find the amount of water to be added in the dry sand sample to achieve
80%
degree of satillütion. Mention the assumed condition if any.
3. a) Differentiate between cohesive and cohesion less soil with their uses in Civil
Engineeringfield.
[2]
b) Describe field identification test to distinguish between clay and silt.
[4]
c) Draw neatly the IS plasticity chart and label the symbol of various soils. [2]
4. Compare the monitorillonite and kaolinite minerals of clay in the basis of chemicåland
physical characteristics and how they affect the geotechnical behavior of soil.
5. A soil in the borrow pit is at a dty densityof 17kN/m with a moisture contentof 10%.
The soil is excavated from this pit and compactedin an embankment to a dry density of
18kN/m3 Wilh a moisture content of 15%. Compute the quantity of soil to be excavated
from the borrow pit and the amount of water to be added for 100111
3 of compacted soil in
the embankment.
6. Define 'neutral' and 'effective' pressure in soils. What is the role of effective stress in
shear strength of soil? The discharge of water collected from a constant head
permeameter in a period of 15 minutes is 500ml. The internal diameter of the
permearneter is 5cm and measured difference in head between two guaging points 15cm
v&rticallyapart is 40cm. Calculate the coefficient of pemeability. If the dty weight of the
15cm long sample is 4.86N and the specific gravity of the, solids is 2.65, calculate the
seepage velocity.
7• Draw a flow net diagram for the given ealthen dam data and compare the discharge with
the theoretical calculation.
Top width = 15m upstream and downstream slope = 2M:I V, height of dam = 30m,
free board =.5m, length of drain 30m and coefficient of permeability = 40m/day.
8• a) Using Boussenisq's equation for point load, detcnnine the increment in vertical strcss
below the center of the uniformly loaded circle. Assume all necessary conditions.

13
 incrcmcnt in vcrtical stress at any point
b) Name different methods uscd to determine the
thc ground gutfåce.
below the ground surface due to external load applied on
with a uniform load of 120kpa,
c) A T-shaped foundation as shown in figure is loadcd
of 5m,
Detennine the vertical stress at the point P at n depth
[Take INH).0629 for m 0.6 and ne0.3; IN*0.1431for and and
INFO.1069 for m=0.6 and n=0.61

.3m

9. a) Define consolidation>degree of consolidation, pre-consolidation pressure and over-

consolidation ratio.
b) •At a certain depth below the foundationof a building there exists a clay •layerof
thickness 10m. Above and below the clay layer there are incompressible permeable
soils. In a consolidationtest on the clay sample with drainage at top and bottom,a
sample with initial thickness 2.54cm was compressed under a steady pressure. Half of
the finål settlement value? Take Time factor, Tv=0.196 for 50% degree of
consolidation.
c) Draw isochrones for a clay layer of thickness, I-Iunder one-way drainage and two way
drainage conditions at different elapsed times after loading (t=0, t=t and t=oc). Assume
necessary conditions.
d) What are the possible methods for accelerating consolidation process? •
10. a) What is the shear strength of soil along a horizontalplane at a depth of 4m in a
deposit ofsand having Ø=350 "Yd=17kN/m3,
Gs=2.7.Assume the ground water table is
at a depth of 2.5m from the ground surface.Also find the change in shear strength
when the-water table rises to the ground surface.
b) Describe briefly the practical application ofUU, CU and CD tliaxial test.
1 i. Carry out.the stability analysis for an infinite dry slope with strength properties Of
c=10kPa add 4=250. Assume the plane failure surface lies at a depth of 5m frorn the slope
surface. Take the unit weight of soil above the failure plane as i6kN/m3 and the
inclination of the slope as 100. What happens if the cohesion of the soil reduces to zero?
 TRJBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
Exam.
INSTIT(Jfi OF ENGINEERING Level
Full Marks 80
Examination Control Division ProgrammcBCE
2076 Baisakh Pass 'Marks 32
Year/ Part Il / 11 Time 3 hrs.
Sabject: - Soil Mechanics
(CE552)
candidates are required to give their answers in
their own words as far as
At:cmpiAll questions. practicable.
Thefigures in the margin indicate Full Marks.
data if necessary.
v/ Assumesuitable
l. Briefly'describe the historical development of soil mechanics.
(21
2. a) Name the Index tests which are generally carried
out to find the index properties of
the soil.
b) Draw phase diagram of soil for different
degree of
Init weights those are used in soil mechanics saturation:Name different types of
and expressthem in terns of weights
and volumes of soil solid, void water and void air.
[2]
c) Draw the stress strain curve for different consistency
states of soil. [2]
d) From the pycnometer test, specific gravity of soil
solid of the soil specimen is found
to be 2.65. Also, the dry unit weight of this soil
specimen is found to be IS lÖI/m3. If
one cubic meter of this soil specimen weighs 18 IN/m
, determine (i) water content,
(ii) degree of saturation, æld (iii) submerged unit
weight of this soil specimen.
a) A sample of inorganic soil has the following grain size characteristics
Size (mm) Percent Éassing
0.075 (No. 200) 58
0.425mm (No. 40) 80
2mm (No. 1 0) 100
The liquid limit is 30% and PI is 10%percent. Classifythe soil according to the
AASHTO classification system.
b) What are the basic requirements of soil classifications?What are common
classification systems?
a) Explain different types of clay minerals based on Silicatesheet, Gibsite sheet and
Brucite sheet.
b) Describe the types of soil structures based on compactionprocess. Also, define double
diffuse layer in regard with clay minerals. [2]
Definezero air void. What are the necessary precautionthat is needed during field
COmpactionin different environment? For homogeneousearth dams and subgrades for
highways. Would you prefer to compact the soil on dry side ofomc or wet side ofomc? [1+3+2]
a) Write down Darcy's Law if Q amount of water flows per unit time through -n inclined
soil length 'L' of cross section 'A'. Take the hydraulic head difference at t!) entry and
exit points of soil as 'h'. Draw neat figure and explain each term used in thc [21
b) Differentiate between discharge velocity and seepage velocity when er flows
through the soil.
c) When water flows
through layered soils, average permeability, knygdepen on the
flow direction with bedding plane is considered. Find the value of kavgfor . composite
Soil shown in figure 2 when water flows in the vertical and horizontal direction: Here kl, k2,
and k) are coefficient for permeability of respective soils.
3) What are confined and unconfined aquifers? Writc down the eqtlations for findin coefficient
-—0f-permeability (31
in-the
 k)

Figure 2

tines in relation with flow net diagram, write

7. a) Define Flow lines and Equipotential
down the application of Flow net. down the steps to
flow of water under Sheet Pile wall. Write
b) Draw a flow net for the
for this flow.
draw this flow net and find the discharge, q
seepage flow.
c) Explain Quick sand condition during upward
foundation of diameter 10m. The total weight of the tower
S. a) A water tower has circular capacity of
weak foundation of bearing
including the foundation is 18000 KN. A very the stress due to foundation
100 KN/m lies below the foundation level. Calculate with regard to t.be feasibility
load at the top of the weak stratum. Give your comment layer.
the weak
of the foundation construction at the top surface of
also used for finding the
b) Newmark'sInfluence Chart and Westergaard'sanalysis are
conditions for using them.
vertical stress within the soil deposits. Write down the
Derive the
9. a) Differentiate between normally consolidated and over consolidated. primary
general equation for the calculation of settlement from one-dimensional
[2+3]
consolidation.
b) A 5m thick saturatedsoil stratumhas a compressionindex of 0.25 and coefficient of
permeability 3x10-3 mm/sec. If the void ratio is 1.9 a! vertical stress of 0.15N/m ,
compute the void ratio when the vertical stress increased to 0.2N/mm . Also calculate
to above stress increase and time reanired for 50% conscFd2tion?
10. a) What is shear strength of the soil? Draw Mohr's circle of stresses along with Mohr
Coulomb Failure Criterion line. Also, find the relationshipsbetweal major and
minor principal stress and failure angle and internal friction angle.
b) Drainagecondition plays importantrole in the measurement of shear sä-ength of the
soil. Write dovvn the names of triaxial shear strength tests depending upon the
drainage condition. Differentiate unconfined compressive strength fmm undrained
shear strength for unconfined compression test. [2]
c) ConsolidatedUndrained triæxialtest was performed for the normally d)nsolidated
saturated clay. During consolidation stage, cell pressure of 200 kN/m was applied
and drainagewas allowed. In the shearing stage, deviatoric stress of 350 kN/m was
applied in vertical direction and pore water pressureof 80kN/m was measured.
Answer the followings:
i) Draw Mohr's circle for total and effective stresses.
ii) Find the value of internal friction angle in total and effective stress conditions.
Take the value of cohesion equal to zero for normally consolidated soil.
iii) Detemine the direction of failure plane that might occur within the specimen.
I I. a) Wiite down the types of slope failures and explain the measures that can be taken to
prevent slope failure.
b) Derive the equation of Factor of Safety for the infinite
slope with cohesionless soil
without water if water table rises to the surface of the slope?
 TRIBI{UVAN TJNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Full Marla
Bxarnination Control Division
2075 Bhadra

Subject: - Soil Mechanics (CE552)

./ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
{ Attempt 4'!, questions.
,/ The figures in the margin indicate Fu!! Matk-s..
{ Assume suitable data if necessary.
1. What are the different geotechnical problems in civil engineering and infrastructure
development? What rvould be a solution of such problem? u+11
2. a) Define phase diagram. Draw the phase diagram for the saturated, partially saturated
and dry soil. t3l
b) Enlist the index properties and Engineering properties of soil. I2l
Jc)
Draw the stress strain curve for different consistency states of soil. t3l
3. a) Write down the names of soil classification systems based on particle size and
plasticity of soil. Define plasticity chart of a soil based on ISSCS (Indian Standard
Soil Classification System). t3l
b) Particle size distribution curves for two gpes of soil; Soil A and Soil B are shown in
figure below. Water contents measured at the boundaries between the liquid state-
plastic state and plastic state-serni solid for soil A are 45% and 15% respectively.
Similarly, for Soil B, they are 25o/o and 10% respectively. Classiff these soil based on
Unifi'ed Soil Classification System. Draw plasticity chan if required. t5l

('
z
ts
d
lr,
B
zlrJ
of
t
'lr,
(L

4. What are the various minerals in the clay soil? Describe them. Define specific surface and
diffuse double layer. [3+1]
5. a) What happens if soil is compacted? How does compaction affect engineering
properties of soils? l2l
b) Write down the dames of different methods of compaction those are carried out in the
field. Draw cornpactions curves for Standard Proctor Test and Modified Proctor Test, l2l
c) The maximum dry density of a compacted soil mass is found to be t g kN/# with
optimum water content being l5%. Find the degree of saturation of this compacted
soil if specific gravity of soil of this soil is given as2.65. What will be the value of the
maximum dry density it can be further compacted to? 121
t 6' state quick sand condition- A sand deposit consists of trrr,o layers. The top layer is 3.0 rn
bottom layer is 4 :ifNl*rl rr* *"ter table is
the surface and uration is I m above the
grams, showing
stress, neutral stress and
[2+8J
? ' what is confined and unconfined flow in seepage flow?
why a filter is used on the
downstream of earth dam? Prove that flow lines
intersect the equipotential line at right
angles.
I2+2+41
8' write down the conditions for using Boussinesq's analysis
and westerguard,s analysis. A
ringfootingofextemaldiameter8mandinternaldiamlter4mrestsatadepth2mbelow
the ground surface. It canies a load inte'sity ii0kNi-1'rioa the vertical stress at
"f tn rooting base.
depths of 8 m along the axis of the footing uetow
the excavation on the stress
vsev' rlv-rwt
^b t'r
Neglect the effect of
t2+6J
9' a) Explain the different methods of accelerating consolidations
settlement. .13]
b) Derive an expression for one dimensional consolidation
theory zuggested by
Terzagti,.
17l
l0' a) What are the dif;lerences between drained and undrained shear
strength? t3]
b) Define Mohr-coulomb theory. Draw the Mohr-coulomb
strength v'vr
errvrrour envelope for
cohesive soil, Cohesion less soil and purely cohesive soil. t3]
c) A sample of dry cohesion less soil was tested in triaxial machine. ff
the angle of
Shearing resistance was 36o and the confining pressure,
)0-KN;r,-ailr*ine
' /r
deviator stress at udrich the sample failed.
v ' -' I
- 'v ^u !'.r ut" the

l1' Differentiate between finite and infinite slope. what are

Fl
the factors that cause the failure
of the slope? Write down the types of slope failures
utta **ptuin ;li; ;;**i urrcan be
r'rwsrt/D ,L,
taken to prevent slope failure.
u+2+31
***
 TRIBHUVAN UNI'/ERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING BE i Full Marks
Examination Control Division i Pass Marks 32

2015 Baisakh Year

ir--- lPart i II / il 3 hrs.

Subject: - Soil Mechanics (CEs52)

/ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
r' Anempt AII questions.
{ TheJigures in the margin indicate .Full Morks-
,/ Assume suitable data if necessary.

l. Differentiate between residual and transported soils. What would be a solution of

different soil engineering problem? tzl
2. a) How does lndex property of a soil differ from its Engineering property?
b) Mention Index tests those are generally done to find the properties of individual soil
gains and soil mass as a whole.
c) Draw stress strain behaviour of different consistency states of soils.
d) An embankment is made by compacting the soil. For compaction, 1,00,000 m3 of the
soil is excavated from the borrow pit having void ratio equal to 0.8. Calculate the
volume of the embankment if its void ratio after compaction is 0.6. U+2+2+3)
3. How is the plasticity chart usefirl for classifying fine-grained soils? a soil has the
fo llowing characteristics :

a) Percentage of soil passing No. 200 sieve: 55

b) Percentage of coarse fraction passing No.4 sieve : 60
c) Liquid limit :680/o
d) Plastic limit :22Yo
Classiff given soil according to ISSCS. [2+6)
4. a) Describe basic structural units of clay minerals. Point out the difference between
Silica sheet, Gibbsite sheet and Brucite sheet.
b) Briefly Describe flocculated and dispersed sffuctures of soils in regard with
compaction. [2+2]
5. In the construction of a road, the compaction specification required was 95o/o of Proctor
marcimun dry density at a field moisture content within 2Yo of the optimum moisture
content. The maximum dry dersity and optimum moisture content obtained in the
laboratory from the Standard Proctor test were 1.95 Mg/m3 and 13.5%respectively. A site
engineer conducted sand cone test a two locations and obtained the fo results.
Mass of soil removed (em)
Location No. Mass of sand used (gm)
Wet Dry
I 43.86 38.46 39.51
2 37.38 32.2r 32.39
The density of sand used was 1.86 Mg/m3. Ch""k whether the specification was satisfied
or not. t6l
6. a) Explain the variation of effective stess due to the flow of water through the soil mass
in downward and upward directions. What is discharge velocity? [2+1]
b), In a variable head permeability test on a soil of length Ll, the head of water in the
standpipe takes 5 seconds to fall from 900 to 135 mm above the tail water level.
When another soil of length L2: 60 mm is placed above the first soil, the time taken
for the head to fall between the same limits is 150 seconds. The permeameter has a
cross sectional area of 4560 *-2 and a standpipe area of 130 mm2. Calculate the
permeability of the second soil.
I7l
 7. a) What do you understand by Flow net in regard with seepage through soils?
b) Derive'a Laplace equation for Two-dimensional flow in the soil.
c) In the figure below, upward seepage is shown. The rate of water supply from the
bottom is kept constant. The total loss of head during upward seepage between points
B and A is h. Keeping in mind the total stress at any point in the soil is solely
determined by the weight of the soil and the water above it" draw the variation of total
stress, pore water pressure and effective stress with depth. Take points A, B and C as
reference.
u+4+31

8. what is Isobar Diagram? Draw Isobar Diagram of 0.1e. what is the limitation of
Boussinesq's theory ?
u+s+2J
9. a) What is compressibility and what are the possible causes of comprassion in the soil?
b) Define consolidation settlement, preconsolidation pressure (rnaximum overburden
o f cons olidati on and coeflicient of, consolidation?
pres sure), de gree
c) A soil profile is shown in below figure. If a uniformly distrlbuted load 50 kpa is
applied on the ground surface having preconsolidtion pressure, compression index
and recompression index are 125 kPa, 0.36 and 0.06, respectively. Calculate the
amount of settlement of the clay layer due to primary consolidation. Take
Tw
: [Q
kN/m3.
d) How can you accelerate consolidation settlement?
l2+3+4+rl
As=S0kN/mr

0m
2m

8m

14m

10. What is stress path? V/hat direct shear test? A specimen of fine dry
sand, when subjected to ion test failed at a deviator sfess of
500 KNI/m2. It failed with plane with an angle of Z5o to the a,xis of
sample. Compute the lateral pressure (o3) to which the specimen would
subjec.ted. , ' -__--
have been
[1+Z+TJ
11' What are the causes of the failure of earth slopes? A slope of very
large extent of soil with
properties c' = 0, e:0-'7, G = 2.7 and = 35o is likely to be
$ subjected to seepage parallel
the slope with water level at the surface. Determine the maximum angle
1o oiiop" fo, u
factor of safety of 2.0" What will be the factor of safety if the water level
were to come
down well below the surface for this angle of slope? [2+41
 06 TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
t INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
Examination Control Division
2014 Bhadra

Subiect:
own words as far as practicable'
,/ c""iia",", ;" ,"q,rir"a to give their answers in their
Attempt 4ll questions'
'fi; FYII Marks'
in the margin indicate
ig,"*t
Assume suitable data if necessarY'

and why do you need to study

this? what
what do you understand by soil mechanics l2l
Engineering probiem?
1.
would be a solution of different soil
results: maximum
sandy soil obtained the following
2. A rerative density test conducted on a : : 40o/o and G -- 2'65' Find
a'.45,re1ative density
void ratio = !.z;,minimum uoia ,utio
present state' If a 3 * tttitttttess of
this stratum is
the dry density of the soit in the thickness? what
densified to a relative densiav l-ox, how much will the soil reduce in
"r
willbethenewdensityindryandsaturatedconditions?t8]
in the field?
a
1 a) How do you identify fine grain soils
;i Write down the types of soil classifications' for highways, which soil classification
c) For finding the ,.,ituuitity of soit, as subgrade that crassification'
name of e ach groul according to
is generary trsed? write do*n the
groups as a suitability of subgrade'
show tt e g"n*ral rating of those
p;;ility chirt in uurPur.tr-Lr in srr vvvv
an UScS u.d giu. th. gto,rp symbols of the
d) Draw th" "orplrated 'r tft2+z+3f
various region in the chan.
grained soil? [3+1]
4. what is specific surface area and what is its effect on fine

solid as2-l -
the
with normal soil ground' Also' explain

e any other neaessary conditions'

j..rt--' J I
i:.'.:'rl-.liji;-i

Ground later Table

 c) Write down the names of testing method for determining coefficient of permeability
,.) in the laboratorY and field.
d) Differentiate between discharge velocity and seepage velocity. [2+4+2]21

7. What are the properties of flow net? Prove that flow lines intersect the equipotential line
at right angles. [2+6]

8. a) Vertical stress due to a point load can be calculated based on Boussinesq's and
Westergaard's solutions. What is the basic difference between these two solutions?
b) Brieflyixplain Newmark's Influence Chart. What is the main use of this Chan?
c) Describe approxirnate stress distribution methods for loaded areas. [2+3+3]

9. a) What are the methods of accelerating consolidation settlement? What are the different
causes of preconsolidation of soil? lt+21
b) Derive u gou.*ing differential equation for one dimensional consolidation theory by
Terzaghi? 17l

10. a) Write down the names of shear strength tests that can be performed in the laboratory?
How do you calculate shear strength in direct shear test?
b) If direct shear is conducted for loose and dense sands, then plot graphs of Shear stress
and Change in height of specimen versus Shear displacement.
c) Unconfin.d .o-pression test is a special type of unconsolidated undrained triaxial
test. Why?
d) Derive an expression for principal stresses at failure conditions. [2+2+1+5]
t l. a) Explain finite slope and infinite slopes in regard with slope stability.
b) Find Factor of Safety of slope using 0 : 0 analysis method. Assume necessary
conditions. [2+4]
{. *:F
 TRIBHWAN TINIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
Examination Control Division BCE
2073lNI Year / Part il/il
Subject: - Soil Mechanics (CEs52)
Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
Attempt AII questions.
Thefigures in the margin indicate Full Marb.
Assume suitable data if necessary.

1. What are the different civil engineering problems related to soils? What would be a
solution of such problems? [2+1]
2. a) Draw a graph showing different states of consistency of soil in reference to stress
strain behavior.

b) An embankment of 1,00,000 m3 volume has to be constructed by compacting the soil

brought from excavation site. After the compaction, dry unit weight of compacted soil
(embankment) will be 16 kl'{/m'. Als^o, bulk unit weight and water content of the soil
at the excavation site arc !21cl.tr/m3 and l5Yo, respectivety. Find the volume and
weight of soil to be excavated from the excavation site. Take specific gavity of soil
solid as 2'70' [3+5]
3. Give the grain size ranges of different soil types according to (MIT). Explain the different
field identification methods for fine-grained soils. [3+51

4. Explain double diffuse layer. Among Kaolinite, Montmorillonite and lllite clay minerals,
which one swells the most and why? t4l
5. The following results were obtained from a sUirda.d compaction test. t6l
TestNo. I 2 J 4 5 6
Water content (%) 11.0 t2.l 12.8 13.6 14.6 16.3
Mass of compacted soil 1920.5 20s1.s 2138.s 2147.0 2120.0 2081.s
(em)

The specific gravity of solids is 2.7 and volume of the compaction mould is 1000 A
"to3.
field compacted soil sarnple showed water content of 35Yo and unit weight of
2.3I8Mdm'.
i) Draw compaction curve and determine the maximum dry unit weight and OMC.
ii) Find the relative compaction (RC)
iii) Find the degree of saturation at the maximum dry unit weight
6. a) In the fig*r below, water flows from point (1) to point (3) via the soil specimen
which is inclined at an angle 0. Piezometers inserted at points 7, 2 and 3 show
piezometric heights hr, hz and h: respectively. In the figure below zr, 4 and 4
represent the distance of points 1,2 and 3 from daturn level. [4+U
i) Find total heads at points 1,2 and 3 from datum level.
ii) Find the hydraulic gradient for this case when water enters the specimen from
point (l) and exits from Point (3).

t*-- , *i
b) Obtain the expression for the critical hydraulic gradient necessary for quick condition
to develop. Why there is more likelihood of quick conditions in sand than in [4+l] clay?
 7. What are the basic requirements for the design of protective filters? Is the flow through an
t earth dam confined flow or unconfined flow? Prove that
equipotential line at right angle.
flow lines intersect the
[2+r+sJ
8. State the assumptions of Boussinesq's equation. A water tower has circular foundation of
diameter 10 m. Total weight of tower including foundation is 1800 tonnes. A very weak
stratum having bearing capacity of 10 Vm2 lies 3 m below the foundation level. Calculate
the stress due to foundation load at the top of the weak stratum and as certain whether it
will be safe to construct the water tower at that,place with given foundation size.
9. a) A surcharge load of 15 kPa was applied on the ground surface having the soil profile
as shown in figure below Consolidation settlement took place in the clay layer.
Consolidation test was done for the clay layer and following results were obtained:
Coefficient of consolidation, cv = 3.25x10-7 m2ls, Compression index, C": 1.2 and
Coefficient of permeability, k = 3.5x10'e m/s. Assume that the consolidation of clay
layer is solely due to the change in stress at the center of the clay layer. Also, consider
that there is no change in ground water level before and after the consolidation Take
Yw: l0 lc}'l/m3'

0m
irtlsi'-"Mili;i-,i.tgjl"t:.,iS 2m

8m

l4m

Determine total, effective and pore water pressure at the center of the clay layer
(i) before applying the surcharge load, (ii) immediately after applying the surcharge
load and (iii) suffrciently after a long time of applying the surcharge load.

b) What will be the final settlement of the clay layer after the primary consolidation?
Also, determine the settlement of clay layer after 0.5 year. [For U:70Yo, Tu : 0.403,
for U: 80yo, T" : 0.569, for U:90%o, Tu: 0.848] [5+4]
10. How are the drainage conditions adopted in a triaxial shear test realized in the field?
Derive the general formula that gives the value of the major principal stress 01 &s 4
function of minor principal stess o3, the cohesion and angle of internal friction. 3+7)
I
11. a) What are the probable types of failure of slope?
b) Write down the possible causes of increase in shear stress or decrease in shear
stength of soil in regard with slope instability.
c) Explain remedial measures that can be used to prevent slope failure. [2+3+U
++*
 TRI BH TJV AN TJNIVERSIl-Y
INSTITUTE C)F ENGINEERING
Examination Control Division
2073 Bhadra

Subject: - Soii Mechantcs (C8552)

,/ Canrjidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable'
,/ Ailempt Al! questions-
./ The figures in fhe rnargin indicate Full Mgtles.
,/ Assume suitahle dulcr if neces,sary-

l. What are the various field of application of soil mechanics? Write the factors that
- determine the characteristics of a residual soil. [i+1]

mass af 202 g*. Wtr.n completely dried, its volume is 87 cm3 and mass of 167 gm.
Determine' [2+6]
i) Initial water content
ii) Specific gravity o1'soii solids
iii) Slrinkage limit
3. Classify the fbllowing soils a, b and c as per unified soil classification system: [3+3+2]

i) Soil passing form 75p sieve :4Yo, soii passing from 4.75mm sieve (Coarse fraction)
: 62Yo, coefficient of uniformity :
5, coefficient of curvaturc -- 2.6
ii) Soil passing fiom 75p sieve :62Yo,liquid limit : 54Yo, plastic limit :23Yo
iii) Soil passing from T5pr sieve :39Yo.liquid limit :33ok, plastic lirnit : 18%o

4. What is isomorphous substitution? Cornpare between 1:l ,and 2:1 minerals. [1+3]
5. a) Dravv,compaction curve for a soil showing maximuln dry density, optimum water
content, zero-air void line, dry side and wet side of optirnum water content.
b) Compare the cornpaction characteristic curve for sand and clay. [3+3]
factors that influence the height of capillary rise in soiis? Establish the
- 6. What are thebetween seepage velocity and superficial velocity. A soil stratum having
relationship
thickness of i.15 m, porosity :30o/o and G :2.J is subiected to an upward seepage head
of 1.95 m. Determine the thickness of coarse rnaterial required above the soil stratum to
provide a factor of safety of 2 against piping assuming that the coArse material has the
same specific gravity and porosity as the soil and head loss in the coarse material is
negligible. ll+3+61
7. a) Derive the relationship for the seepage discharge through anisotropic soil.
b) If the upstream and downstrearn heads of an impervious dam are 8 m and I m
repectively. then find the seepage tlischarge ''uvhen seepage of water takes place {iom
upstream to downstream via the isotropic soil lying below the impervious dam. Take
total number of flow channels and equipotential drops as 9 and 12, respectively. Also,
take coetTrcient of penneability of the soil layer, k :
" l0-a crnls.
3 [4+4]
8. What is Newmarks influence chart? A water tank is supported by a ring foundation
having outer diameter of l0 m and inner diameter of 7 .5 rn. The ring fbundation transmits
uniform load intensity of l60kN/m'. Compute the maximum vertical stress induced at a
depth of 4 m belorv the foundation using Boussinesq's theory. 12+61
 9. Distinguish\#tween norrnally consolidated and over consolidated soil deposits. A 5 m
'i thick saturated soil layer has a compression index of 0.25 and coefficient of permeability
3.2x70-3 mm/s. If the void ratio is l-9 at vertical stress of 0.15 N/mm2, calculatethe void
ratio when the vertical stress is increased to 0.2 N/mmt. Alro calculate settlement due to
consolidation.
above stress increase and time required for 650/o [2+8]
10. a) Write down the names of shear strength tests. I2l
b) Consolidated undrained triaxial test u'as performed for a nonnally consolidated
saturated clay and cell pressure, or = 200kN/m2 , axial stress, or = 550kN/m2 and
pore watef pressure, u* = 80kNlm'' were measured. Answer the follorvings: 1212+2+21

i) Plot the l\4ohr circle of stresses in regard with Total stress.

ii) Plot the Mohr circle of stresses in regard r,vith effective stress.
iii) Assume the condition of normal consolidation and c':0. Then obtain the value of 0'.
iv) If Mohr-Coulornb's failure criterion is assumed to be valid, then determine the
direction of failure plane that might occur within the specimen
I l. An infinite slope is made of clay with the following properties: t6l
T, = lSkN/m',y' /mr,c = 25kN/m2 and @'= 28".If the slope has an inclination of
= 9kN
35" and height equal to 12m, determine the .stability of the slope, when (a) the slope is
submerged and (b) there is seepage parallel to the slope.
**)t
 TRIBI{UVAN TJNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Full Marla
Bxarnination Control Division
2075 Bhadra

Subject: - Soil Mechanics (CE552)

./ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
{ Attempt 4'!, questions.
,/ The figures in the margin indicate Fu!! Matk-s..
{ Assume suitable data if necessary.
1. What are the different geotechnical problems in civil engineering and infrastructure
development? What rvould be a solution of such problem? u+11
2. a) Define phase diagram. Draw the phase diagram for the saturated, partially saturated
and dry soil. t3l
b) Enlist the index properties and Engineering properties of soil. I2l
Jc)
Draw the stress strain curve for different consistency states of soil. t3l
3. a) Write down the names of soil classification systems based on particle size and
plasticity of soil. Define plasticity chart of a soil based on ISSCS (Indian Standard
Soil Classification System). t3l
b) Particle size distribution curves for two gpes of soil; Soil A and Soil B are shown in
figure below. Water contents measured at the boundaries between the liquid state-
plastic state and plastic state-serni solid for soil A are 45% and 15% respectively.
Similarly, for Soil B, they are 25o/o and 10% respectively. Classiff these soil based on
Unifi'ed Soil Classification System. Draw plasticity chan if required. t5l

('
z
ts
d
lr,
B
zlrJ
of
t
'lr,
(L

4. What are the various minerals in the clay soil? Describe them. Define specific surface and
diffuse double layer. [3+1]
5. a) What happens if soil is compacted? How does compaction affect engineering
properties of soils? l2l
b) Write down the dames of different methods of compaction those are carried out in the
field. Draw cornpactions curves for Standard Proctor Test and Modified Proctor Test, l2l
c) The maximum dry density of a compacted soil mass is found to be t g kN/# with
optimum water content being l5%. Find the degree of saturation of this compacted
soil if specific gravity of soil of this soil is given as2.65. What will be the value of the
maximum dry density it can be further compacted to? 121
t 6' state quick sand condition- A sand deposit consists of trrr,o layers. The top layer is 3.0 rn
bottom layer is 4 :ifNl*rl rr* *"ter table is
the surface and uration is I m above the
grams, showing
stress, neutral stress and
[2+8J
? ' what is confined and unconfined flow in seepage flow?
why a filter is used on the
downstream of earth dam? Prove that flow lines
intersect the equipotential line at right
angles.
I2+2+41
8' write down the conditions for using Boussinesq's analysis
and westerguard,s analysis. A
ringfootingofextemaldiameter8mandinternaldiamlter4mrestsatadepth2mbelow
the ground surface. It canies a load inte'sity ii0kNi-1'rioa the vertical stress at
"f tn rooting base.
depths of 8 m along the axis of the footing uetow
the excavation on the stress
vsev' rlv-rwt
^b t'r
Neglect the effect of
t2+6J
9' a) Explain the different methods of accelerating consolidations
settlement. .13]
b) Derive an expression for one dimensional consolidation
theory zuggested by
Terzagti,.
17l
l0' a) What are the dif;lerences between drained and undrained shear
strength? t3]
b) Define Mohr-coulomb theory. Draw the Mohr-coulomb
strength v'vr
errvrrour envelope for
cohesive soil, Cohesion less soil and purely cohesive soil. t3]
c) A sample of dry cohesion less soil was tested in triaxial machine. ff
the angle of
Shearing resistance was 36o and the confining pressure,
)0-KN;r,-ailr*ine
' /r
deviator stress at udrich the sample failed.
v ' -' I
- 'v ^u !'.r ut" the

l1' Differentiate between finite and infinite slope. what are

Fl
the factors that cause the failure
of the slope? Write down the types of slope failures
utta **ptuin ;li; ;;**i urrcan be
r'rwsrt/D ,L,
taken to prevent slope failure.
u+2+31
***
 TRIBHUVAN UNI'/ERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING BE i Full Marks
Examination Control Division i Pass Marks 32

2015 Baisakh Year

ir--- lPart i II / il 3 hrs.

Subject: - Soil Mechanics (CEs52)

/ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
r' Anempt AII questions.
{ TheJigures in the margin indicate .Full Morks-
,/ Assume suitable data if necessary.

l. Differentiate between residual and transported soils. What would be a solution of

different soil engineering problem? tzl
2. a) How does lndex property of a soil differ from its Engineering property?
b) Mention Index tests those are generally done to find the properties of individual soil
gains and soil mass as a whole.
c) Draw stress strain behaviour of different consistency states of soils.
d) An embankment is made by compacting the soil. For compaction, 1,00,000 m3 of the
soil is excavated from the borrow pit having void ratio equal to 0.8. Calculate the
volume of the embankment if its void ratio after compaction is 0.6. U+2+2+3)
3. How is the plasticity chart usefirl for classifying fine-grained soils? a soil has the
fo llowing characteristics :

a) Percentage of soil passing No. 200 sieve: 55

b) Percentage of coarse fraction passing No.4 sieve : 60
c) Liquid limit :680/o
d) Plastic limit :22Yo
Classiff given soil according to ISSCS. [2+6)
4. a) Describe basic structural units of clay minerals. Point out the difference between
Silica sheet, Gibbsite sheet and Brucite sheet.
b) Briefly Describe flocculated and dispersed sffuctures of soils in regard with
compaction. [2+2]
5. In the construction of a road, the compaction specification required was 95o/o of Proctor
marcimun dry density at a field moisture content within 2Yo of the optimum moisture
content. The maximum dry dersity and optimum moisture content obtained in the
laboratory from the Standard Proctor test were 1.95 Mg/m3 and 13.5%respectively. A site
engineer conducted sand cone test a two locations and obtained the fo results.
Mass of soil removed (em)
Location No. Mass of sand used (gm)
Wet Dry
I 43.86 38.46 39.51
2 37.38 32.2r 32.39
The density of sand used was 1.86 Mg/m3. Ch""k whether the specification was satisfied
or not. t6l
6. a) Explain the variation of effective stess due to the flow of water through the soil mass
in downward and upward directions. What is discharge velocity? [2+1]
b), In a variable head permeability test on a soil of length Ll, the head of water in the
standpipe takes 5 seconds to fall from 900 to 135 mm above the tail water level.
When another soil of length L2: 60 mm is placed above the first soil, the time taken
for the head to fall between the same limits is 150 seconds. The permeameter has a
cross sectional area of 4560 *-2 and a standpipe area of 130 mm2. Calculate the
permeability of the second soil.
I7l
 7. a) What do you understand by Flow net in regard with seepage through soils?
b) Derive'a Laplace equation for Two-dimensional flow in the soil.
c) In the figure below, upward seepage is shown. The rate of water supply from the
bottom is kept constant. The total loss of head during upward seepage between points
B and A is h. Keeping in mind the total stress at any point in the soil is solely
determined by the weight of the soil and the water above it" draw the variation of total
stress, pore water pressure and effective stress with depth. Take points A, B and C as
reference.
u+4+31

8. what is Isobar Diagram? Draw Isobar Diagram of 0.1e. what is the limitation of
Boussinesq's theory ?
u+s+2J
9. a) What is compressibility and what are the possible causes of comprassion in the soil?
b) Define consolidation settlement, preconsolidation pressure (rnaximum overburden
o f cons olidati on and coeflicient of, consolidation?
pres sure), de gree
c) A soil profile is shown in below figure. If a uniformly distrlbuted load 50 kpa is
applied on the ground surface having preconsolidtion pressure, compression index
and recompression index are 125 kPa, 0.36 and 0.06, respectively. Calculate the
amount of settlement of the clay layer due to primary consolidation. Take
Tw
: [Q
kN/m3.
d) How can you accelerate consolidation settlement?
l2+3+4+rl
As=S0kN/mr

0m
2m

8m

14m

10. What is stress path? V/hat direct shear test? A specimen of fine dry
sand, when subjected to ion test failed at a deviator sfess of
500 KNI/m2. It failed with plane with an angle of Z5o to the a,xis of
sample. Compute the lateral pressure (o3) to which the specimen would
subjec.ted. , ' -__--
have been
[1+Z+TJ
11' What are the causes of the failure of earth slopes? A slope of very
large extent of soil with
properties c' = 0, e:0-'7, G = 2.7 and = 35o is likely to be
$ subjected to seepage parallel
the slope with water level at the surface. Determine the maximum angle
1o oiiop" fo, u
factor of safety of 2.0" What will be the factor of safety if the water level
were to come
down well below the surface for this angle of slope? [2+41
 06 TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
t INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
Examination Control Division
2014 Bhadra

Subiect:
own words as far as practicable'
,/ c""iia",", ;" ,"q,rir"a to give their answers in their
Attempt 4ll questions'
'fi; FYII Marks'
in the margin indicate
ig,"*t
Assume suitable data if necessarY'

and why do you need to study

this? what
what do you understand by soil mechanics l2l
Engineering probiem?
1.
would be a solution of different soil
results: maximum
sandy soil obtained the following
2. A rerative density test conducted on a : : 40o/o and G -- 2'65' Find
a'.45,re1ative density
void ratio = !.z;,minimum uoia ,utio
present state' If a 3 * tttitttttess of
this stratum is
the dry density of the soit in the thickness? what
densified to a relative densiav l-ox, how much will the soil reduce in
"r
willbethenewdensityindryandsaturatedconditions?t8]
in the field?
a
1 a) How do you identify fine grain soils
;i Write down the types of soil classifications' for highways, which soil classification
c) For finding the ,.,ituuitity of soit, as subgrade that crassification'
name of e ach groul according to
is generary trsed? write do*n the
groups as a suitability of subgrade'
show tt e g"n*ral rating of those
p;;ility chirt in uurPur.tr-Lr in srr vvvv
an UScS u.d giu. th. gto,rp symbols of the
d) Draw th" "orplrated 'r tft2+z+3f
various region in the chan.
grained soil? [3+1]
4. what is specific surface area and what is its effect on fine

solid as2-l -
the
with normal soil ground' Also' explain

e any other neaessary conditions'

j..rt--' J I
i:.'.:'rl-.liji;-i

Ground later Table

 c) Write down the names of testing method for determining coefficient of permeability
,.) in the laboratorY and field.
d) Differentiate between discharge velocity and seepage velocity. [2+4+2]21

7. What are the properties of flow net? Prove that flow lines intersect the equipotential line
at right angles. [2+6]

8. a) Vertical stress due to a point load can be calculated based on Boussinesq's and
Westergaard's solutions. What is the basic difference between these two solutions?
b) Brieflyixplain Newmark's Influence Chart. What is the main use of this Chan?
c) Describe approxirnate stress distribution methods for loaded areas. [2+3+3]

9. a) What are the methods of accelerating consolidation settlement? What are the different
causes of preconsolidation of soil? lt+21
b) Derive u gou.*ing differential equation for one dimensional consolidation theory by
Terzaghi? 17l

10. a) Write down the names of shear strength tests that can be performed in the laboratory?
How do you calculate shear strength in direct shear test?
b) If direct shear is conducted for loose and dense sands, then plot graphs of Shear stress
and Change in height of specimen versus Shear displacement.
c) Unconfin.d .o-pression test is a special type of unconsolidated undrained triaxial
test. Why?
d) Derive an expression for principal stresses at failure conditions. [2+2+1+5]
t l. a) Explain finite slope and infinite slopes in regard with slope stability.
b) Find Factor of Safety of slope using 0 : 0 analysis method. Assume necessary
conditions. [2+4]
{. *:F
 TRIBHWAN TINIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
Examination Control Division BCE
2073lNI Year / Part il/il
Subject: - Soil Mechanics (CEs52)
Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
Attempt AII questions.
Thefigures in the margin indicate Full Marb.
Assume suitable data if necessary.

1. What are the different civil engineering problems related to soils? What would be a
solution of such problems? [2+1]
2. a) Draw a graph showing different states of consistency of soil in reference to stress
strain behavior.

b) An embankment of 1,00,000 m3 volume has to be constructed by compacting the soil

brought from excavation site. After the compaction, dry unit weight of compacted soil
(embankment) will be 16 kl'{/m'. Als^o, bulk unit weight and water content of the soil
at the excavation site arc !21cl.tr/m3 and l5Yo, respectivety. Find the volume and
weight of soil to be excavated from the excavation site. Take specific gavity of soil
solid as 2'70' [3+5]
3. Give the grain size ranges of different soil types according to (MIT). Explain the different
field identification methods for fine-grained soils. [3+51

4. Explain double diffuse layer. Among Kaolinite, Montmorillonite and lllite clay minerals,
which one swells the most and why? t4l
5. The following results were obtained from a sUirda.d compaction test. t6l
TestNo. I 2 J 4 5 6
Water content (%) 11.0 t2.l 12.8 13.6 14.6 16.3
Mass of compacted soil 1920.5 20s1.s 2138.s 2147.0 2120.0 2081.s
(em)

The specific gravity of solids is 2.7 and volume of the compaction mould is 1000 A
"to3.
field compacted soil sarnple showed water content of 35Yo and unit weight of
2.3I8Mdm'.
i) Draw compaction curve and determine the maximum dry unit weight and OMC.
ii) Find the relative compaction (RC)
iii) Find the degree of saturation at the maximum dry unit weight
6. a) In the fig*r below, water flows from point (1) to point (3) via the soil specimen
which is inclined at an angle 0. Piezometers inserted at points 7, 2 and 3 show
piezometric heights hr, hz and h: respectively. In the figure below zr, 4 and 4
represent the distance of points 1,2 and 3 from daturn level. [4+U
i) Find total heads at points 1,2 and 3 from datum level.
ii) Find the hydraulic gradient for this case when water enters the specimen from
point (l) and exits from Point (3).

t*-- , *i
b) Obtain the expression for the critical hydraulic gradient necessary for quick condition
to develop. Why there is more likelihood of quick conditions in sand than in [4+l] clay?
 7. What are the basic requirements for the design of protective filters? Is the flow through an
t earth dam confined flow or unconfined flow? Prove that
equipotential line at right angle.
flow lines intersect the
[2+r+sJ
8. State the assumptions of Boussinesq's equation. A water tower has circular foundation of
diameter 10 m. Total weight of tower including foundation is 1800 tonnes. A very weak
stratum having bearing capacity of 10 Vm2 lies 3 m below the foundation level. Calculate
the stress due to foundation load at the top of the weak stratum and as certain whether it
will be safe to construct the water tower at that,place with given foundation size.
9. a) A surcharge load of 15 kPa was applied on the ground surface having the soil profile
as shown in figure below Consolidation settlement took place in the clay layer.
Consolidation test was done for the clay layer and following results were obtained:
Coefficient of consolidation, cv = 3.25x10-7 m2ls, Compression index, C": 1.2 and
Coefficient of permeability, k = 3.5x10'e m/s. Assume that the consolidation of clay
layer is solely due to the change in stress at the center of the clay layer. Also, consider
that there is no change in ground water level before and after the consolidation Take
Yw: l0 lc}'l/m3'

0m
irtlsi'-"Mili;i-,i.tgjl"t:.,iS 2m

8m

l4m

Determine total, effective and pore water pressure at the center of the clay layer
(i) before applying the surcharge load, (ii) immediately after applying the surcharge
load and (iii) suffrciently after a long time of applying the surcharge load.

b) What will be the final settlement of the clay layer after the primary consolidation?
Also, determine the settlement of clay layer after 0.5 year. [For U:70Yo, Tu : 0.403,
for U: 80yo, T" : 0.569, for U:90%o, Tu: 0.848] [5+4]
10. How are the drainage conditions adopted in a triaxial shear test realized in the field?
Derive the general formula that gives the value of the major principal stress 01 &s 4
function of minor principal stess o3, the cohesion and angle of internal friction. 3+7)
I
11. a) What are the probable types of failure of slope?
b) Write down the possible causes of increase in shear stress or decrease in shear
stength of soil in regard with slope instability.
c) Explain remedial measures that can be used to prevent slope failure. [2+3+U
++*
 TRI BH TJV AN TJNIVERSIl-Y
INSTITUTE C)F ENGINEERING
Examination Control Division
2073 Bhadra

Subject: - Soii Mechantcs (C8552)

,/ Canrjidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable'
,/ Ailempt Al! questions-
./ The figures in fhe rnargin indicate Full Mgtles.
,/ Assume suitahle dulcr if neces,sary-

l. What are the various field of application of soil mechanics? Write the factors that
- determine the characteristics of a residual soil. [i+1]

mass af 202 g*. Wtr.n completely dried, its volume is 87 cm3 and mass of 167 gm.
Determine' [2+6]
i) Initial water content
ii) Specific gravity o1'soii solids
iii) Slrinkage limit
3. Classify the fbllowing soils a, b and c as per unified soil classification system: [3+3+2]

i) Soil passing form 75p sieve :4Yo, soii passing from 4.75mm sieve (Coarse fraction)
: 62Yo, coefficient of uniformity :
5, coefficient of curvaturc -- 2.6
ii) Soil passing fiom 75p sieve :62Yo,liquid limit : 54Yo, plastic limit :23Yo
iii) Soil passing from T5pr sieve :39Yo.liquid limit :33ok, plastic lirnit : 18%o

4. What is isomorphous substitution? Cornpare between 1:l ,and 2:1 minerals. [1+3]
5. a) Dravv,compaction curve for a soil showing maximuln dry density, optimum water
content, zero-air void line, dry side and wet side of optirnum water content.
b) Compare the cornpaction characteristic curve for sand and clay. [3+3]
factors that influence the height of capillary rise in soiis? Establish the
- 6. What are thebetween seepage velocity and superficial velocity. A soil stratum having
relationship
thickness of i.15 m, porosity :30o/o and G :2.J is subiected to an upward seepage head
of 1.95 m. Determine the thickness of coarse rnaterial required above the soil stratum to
provide a factor of safety of 2 against piping assuming that the coArse material has the
same specific gravity and porosity as the soil and head loss in the coarse material is
negligible. ll+3+61
7. a) Derive the relationship for the seepage discharge through anisotropic soil.
b) If the upstream and downstrearn heads of an impervious dam are 8 m and I m
repectively. then find the seepage tlischarge ''uvhen seepage of water takes place {iom
upstream to downstream via the isotropic soil lying below the impervious dam. Take
total number of flow channels and equipotential drops as 9 and 12, respectively. Also,
take coetTrcient of penneability of the soil layer, k :
" l0-a crnls.
3 [4+4]
8. What is Newmarks influence chart? A water tank is supported by a ring foundation
having outer diameter of l0 m and inner diameter of 7 .5 rn. The ring fbundation transmits
uniform load intensity of l60kN/m'. Compute the maximum vertical stress induced at a
depth of 4 m belorv the foundation using Boussinesq's theory. 12+61
 9. Distinguish\#tween norrnally consolidated and over consolidated soil deposits. A 5 m
'i thick saturated soil layer has a compression index of 0.25 and coefficient of permeability
3.2x70-3 mm/s. If the void ratio is l-9 at vertical stress of 0.15 N/mm2, calculatethe void
ratio when the vertical stress is increased to 0.2 N/mmt. Alro calculate settlement due to
consolidation.
above stress increase and time required for 650/o [2+8]
10. a) Write down the names of shear strength tests. I2l
b) Consolidated undrained triaxial test u'as performed for a nonnally consolidated
saturated clay and cell pressure, or = 200kN/m2 , axial stress, or = 550kN/m2 and
pore watef pressure, u* = 80kNlm'' were measured. Answer the follorvings: 1212+2+21

i) Plot the l\4ohr circle of stresses in regard with Total stress.

ii) Plot the Mohr circle of stresses in regard r,vith effective stress.
iii) Assume the condition of normal consolidation and c':0. Then obtain the value of 0'.
iv) If Mohr-Coulornb's failure criterion is assumed to be valid, then determine the
direction of failure plane that might occur within the specimen
I l. An infinite slope is made of clay with the following properties: t6l
T, = lSkN/m',y' /mr,c = 25kN/m2 and @'= 28".If the slope has an inclination of
= 9kN
35" and height equal to 12m, determine the .stability of the slope, when (a) the slope is
submerged and (b) there is seepage parallel to the slope.
**)t