IRIBgUVAN IAiiVERSIIY

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERNG Full Marks 80

Examination Control Division Pass llarks 32
2079 Ashrvin i irs.

Sybject: -Iwigation and Drainag e Engineefing GE 654)

v/ Candidales are required lo give their answers in thef own worals as far as practicable.
/ ,4tlenpt /!!! questioils.
' t he fg1,7p5 i,' ,a-gin indicare Fult llnrAt
Assltfle suitable'4"ddta iJnecessary.
"
l. Explain the drip and sprinkler methods ofirigation with neat sketch. L4l
2. Define the terms fie1d capaciE., available moisture, readily availabie moisture and soil
watet_deficiency. After how many days will you supply wate! to a field
in order ro ensure
sufficient irrjgation of a given crop, ifthe field capa;ry of the soil i s 2?%o, the petmanent
wilting point is 14%, the delsity ofsoil is 1.5 gnrlcrnl, the effective depth'oiroor
zone rs
75 cm, arfd daily consunpliv€ use ofwater for the given clo! is 12 mm. p+51
i. Define alluv.ial and non,ailuvial canals. Describe with sketch canal disftibution sysrem. Ir+rl
4. a) Design
igiannel u:iDe._ Lacey's theort, having foliowing dala: Discharge
(Q) = 15-am'/sec, Lacey,s silr factor = Ll, side siope ofcanal ="0.5:i.
Fjnd also fte
longjtudinal slope.
tsl
b) l.:an1l is ro be design to calfy a design djscharge a 20 mrlsec. The siope
ofthe canal
is l:1500 ard pjjscs lhrough a medium u.irh mean panicjes us lOrtrnt. as,urninf
u
trapezoidal section, deternine the stable^depth of canal assuming the
angle of repise
ofcanal maredals as 36. and Manning's Coefficient as 0,025. i6l
5. a) Calculate tie uplifr pressure at rhe two inside comff parts and aiso th€
exlt gradient
using Kholsatheoly for the foilor,.,ing ireadworks. : 16l

,"t
I

b) \lihat are-the functions cf head regulator and cross regulalor? Skclch

head regulalor.
11.1e section of
Draw a neat plan and sections of a Bells BuDd and give saliert steps
of its des;gn
procedure.
P'J]
a) \Vly fal) is constructed in an jrigatjon crral? What factols do
)orr consjder wlile
selectir1g the site for a canal lall?
i(l
b) Design crest level and ffest \\'ir11h ofa vefljcar dfop fa ofa canar
with the forrowrng
daia: !r's FSL = 315 nrasl, LLls CBI- = ji2 tuasi; d/s CBL - j10
masi, cnnar l"a
width = I5 nr, full supply discharge,- 30 mr/s, Canai side slope
= I (H): tiV), ;_engtfr
oi cresi = canal bed width.
l6't
8- a) Explain with d€finitioo sketches the types of cross drainage stuctures'
b) A ianal carrvjns 30 m3/sec of discharge with a bed width of 30 m and bed level at
' dam stream is 3 10.0 m latural drainage having bed level 308'0 m and
is crossing the
the high flood levet of 311.0 m which carrier the 50 year rctum period flood as
550 c;acs. The fuil supply depth of canal is 2'1 m and side slope is 1'5:1' Design
agpropriate ctoss drainage strgcture with determining the drainage watentay, caral
waterway ana bed aad full suplly level at four different section ofthe canal tough'
9, ui) Discuis with sketch the layoul planniog of the v?rfious components of surface
drainage systerl
ln a sub=surface drainage sjstem, 200 m long late@ls were laid out 50 m apad. The
laterals have a glade ofortpercent (i) if the dJai[age coefficieilt of the aiea is 2 cm
per day, what size oftiles would you r€commend?

What are the causes and remedial measures ofwater logging in ttre agricult.ure landt
 rRIB!ruVAN LN\UVERSTY
INST]TUTE OF ENGINEERING
Examination Control Division
2079 Jesth^

Subjecl: - Ir/jg:ation and Drainage Engin

9etiryg (qE aiJ
to give their answers ,'theh o\n",
22-;:t&T:::#X:d words as rar as practicabre.
The fgures in rhe maryin indicate FutI
Marks.
Assune suitable data ifnecesrary.

l. Why drip and spritrkler methods arecor 4s best altemative i'rigation oethods iD
tiili *eo"za*i,i"i" J;;;'.;;;;:*to"*d
2. The base period, duty ofwater, and area,und€r
irrigarioa for vadous crops rrlcler a canal
t5l
the roies in ,r" *"-J,"i"",l[ .*o" *"
X*:;f,""
tespectrvely f1t""11,"1"-"1*:--y:::
I Syo, 25%o. a.t".*i"" tfr. l.
*""*J. c"!u.i"tyi
Crop Wheat
t7l
Base perild B (Daysj .qqarcan- Cotton Rice Vesetables
120 320 180 120 120
1800 1600 800 700
Area Frigated (ha) 15000 10000 i000 7500 5000
r. explarn wlth sppropriare skerches the componenL ofthe carlal idq.ri^n <r,"r.*
4. a) Design an inigati." f4l
critical velocity ratio "n"*",,"
m = l.l. Th"-""1-"ou',1il:T:T#I:":"'l,,iili1o.orr,"o
o) y",:" !1T"J rheory. derive "J:f"",.f ::':"":".T:::;::."J#T::; t6l
r:e.P-4.7sve.
a) t4J
divide walr, under stuices, silt
A:"jffi*r*:"T:*ffi;:.rhe exclu.rer, and sitr ejecror at

b) t4l

fuT'l","i:
j:.i!"i:;T:l'J,"1X.i."":Tid:;:#,il.t"x,in j,:,J:L.j:J
and _l m 3t do\!.nstream end, wjih its upE

:n:x**,,:ff ,,x.:i,li:{l-::n#:,,i:':?it i?.:#y J, ;..,ff; T::,il

c) How do you calcutate rte lensth of tl t8l
"t'""'"*" <,.a* ;;.;il J :liJf :#fl"Tiffi:,ff
"r,.,i";",
rtrrhe diversioa
L4l
Explain th_ree ftethods ofriver training \
resioo. r?l
"t"p "rrh" e"i;;:l:#i::1ffi:*l:.re*i
write down the desisn
t5l
i*:1"*:: !:lflt -'d tlliclo'ess orimpervious floor ora
venical drop strucrure for

mlsec t8l
oDischzrce
- 75 Bed level u/S - t)5.t5 m
j
f :i
drop
*# ri
srructure
: iq::; ;". #t:Tf f * 0,.,o*;.11, _
:2.25; B,trno ao"*",",,,ltlllltion) ;
",
,?
cd = 0 4i 5 sp. Gr. ofmaso'ry
b) Wbat do you understand about the
hea
i.npo.tance of outrets ano ***'"*",.#,i"f,:,it::"* n:"I.'.*rtor? slare rhe
t4l
 8. a) Enlist fhe difelent tlpes ofcloss drainage sfuchres u.ith definition sketchqs.
b) The cross-drainage structue across an irigation channel has the follo\ring data:
Discharge ofcanal = 50 cumec
Bed rridth of cqal
Fuu supply depth ol caral : 2.1m
Bed level oflhe canal = 160.00m
Side slope afcanal : 1.5:1 GI:V)
High flood.discharge of drainage
High flood level ofdminage
Bed level ofdr"aiDage
- 550 cumec
= 161.00 m t
-158.00m
General grouDd level =l60.o0nr
DesigE the drainage waterway, and canal waterway and find the b€d levels and FSL at
ri four diffe*nt sectioDs ofthe cdnal Trough.
t-
9. a) Er?laiD the necessity of surface and subsuface drainag€.
I
b) How to fix the design discharge for the surface drainage systet! in the buDded field? L
 TRIBI'T'VAN UNTI'ERSITY Exam.
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING 80-
Examination Control Division Prss Msrks 32
2078 Chaitua Year/Pa{ lm/ Tim€

Caididates are required to give their aBswels io their o\,in words as far a$ pmcticable-
Attempt 4U questiorls.
Thefgtizs inlhe margin rtdicate &4&lt!.
Aswme sdtable ddtu if necessary.

What do ).ou mean by corn4ard ae4 ciopping patlel!, crop intensity and crop rotation?
Write down the necessities of crop rotation practice, t41
a) Descn'be briefly the Readily available moisture, perEarelt wilting poiat aod
iirigatiod interval- t23
b) Fird the irrigation iaterval in which the treld capacity is 32yo , petmarctj,t ailtk]€
poini is 13'2, dry dersity of soit is 1.3 gdcc, effective root zone depthis 1306and
ilaily consutlrytive use ofwater for the given crop is 14fim. 15l
Explain with applopdate sketch tLe componellt of the canals and requirenedt ofborrow
Dit and sooil bank in canal sechon. tsl
a) Dilc_uss tle salieat feafIres of Kebqedy's &eory for the desi$ of ea::then chadqels
based on the critical velocity concept and merltioD iis lil3.itatioff. I5l
b) Design a concrete-Iined caBsl to carry a discharge of350 m3ls at a slope of 1 i! 5000.
The side slopes ofthe canal eay be trkeD as 1.5:1. The value ofa for Uaing is 0.014-
Aisume liniting velocity iB tle c3aal is 2 m/s. t6l
a') Following corrected ptessure pote[tials q.ere detemined undemeatl a barrage floor
by Khosla's theory: At the juaction ofupstream sheet pile with floor 6.r82Y": At
the junction of downstr€am sbeet pile q'ith floot 4,-t=35y.. Calcdate th€ mini:Drm
ihiclcess of the cistem floor at the begiDniEg and end ofthe cistem. The follou,ing
data are give4: Full reservoir level = 505 frtasl, River bed level - 500 loasl, Cistem
floor level : 499 dasl, Total length of barrage between Bpstream and downstrem
sheet piles = 40n)' Ledg& of cistem : 15m. Assude taik&ater depth is nil or the
downst€am side and specific gravily of concrete floor:2.4. Also, calculate the exit
gadjeo(. I6l
b) D€sig! a silt excluder for 6e dive$ion head works haviag followiag data; I5l
Full supply dGcharge ofcanal : 200 mlses
Crestlevelofundersluices -225.25m
Crest level ofhead regulator =22135m
Bay width ofundersluices :10.2m
 E

6. A_-b-arra_ge is to be constructed aci

/f,uu m-/s ard hieh flood revei t" ,."*T^'JT:.:.^1'I1g, 10! a"qa discharee of
Ji#.[,;fl"."j,* ;,'11o
:::l,r:.1,"r. ;:;;#;::,,.i:y,]"fl .r"g,%?i
$il#Ui.'ff,#il::l
Design ;:";;:,:r-ltig ;'ii;"
Beli,s glide bunas i"ctua;nfta,ri"t;ng
aprorr.
:::'fi''"::J;l',; the
f.' barrage.
ff:'"":
7. a) Design a vertical t}?e drop strudure ibr the followiag
data:
Disoharge: 5.1 B13^ec;

s"4 1"u"1 !/: = 255'75 *

D/s 254-45,',
Normot ftaw dep& Y) = o.gsm
' D/s -"'
Bed width ofcanal !a! E*
.>
Dls = -'- '
Side slope ofcanal = 1:l
11.,._""1*,t.0
*O* of cresr walt as O.Jm for ini(iai a!sumpEion. Assume
sJ rrabte datz ifnecessary. olher

b) Explain O wiLb def,iDirioo skerches of r,he,

and descdbins head resulator.
3a) whar a," tbe different types **" *::::"^':1t1*
ahage works
argnme4!7 ", that are necessary od a ca.nal
b) Design rhe followi[g coEpoDeots ofa
sui. work for the follo\titrg
Discharge of canal : 50 *r^, "-
,tuot" 'lata:
;l,l-';i';{#J'"*"+"i:;rtjiffi
d,ainase, 2s8.8m.
""u
_;l{i.1i::i"{#.i:'
-- 300.50m' Bed revel of
de";il *;";; i;ve.i -'r;01'*-*'
r.) DesigD ofdrainage water. wav
ir) Design ofcaual water wav
iii) Design oftransidon

9. a) l/bai js nr€ant by warer.-togging:

do\va the principal causes a1ld
warer-loggrng rn a canat ioigur"a lu,fft" effects of
2o0m rons Iarerars i\ere raid b
" ,?,"1::Tif:;T:'#5"=y":"'' our so m aparr. rbe
i) ifthe draiaa8e coefficient ol: the aEa is qrlday,
2
5. \\
recorn nend? what size of iiles wouid you
ii) lf rhe drcinage coefficienr is rnqeased fo 3
.
cnr/day, what wili 6e the spacing
io
the laterals? of le'
Assume the rugosity coefficientofthe
tile drain lraterials as 0.011. 7. D,
Di

Be
 l
TP-tgEiiVANU^ri-!€RSlT1. Xrrn.
]I'IST]TU'T]g O!' ENGiNEERING BE Ftill Marks 80
Zxarrrination Canti-ol Firisicn BCE !n:i Marl,5 ll
2078 Pausir 111 i

"' Caniiddes are required 1lr gi\.€ thejr answers in their o."1rr wo.ds
-/ as far as p:acdcable.
Attavpt questians.
/ :, . ,4"1 Z!4
ras 71,',"a.*a-Sin iadi.arp fu| Marks
w A,rsunt. sulaDte aara rJ nEcessary,

i- What &e the sltuxions irt ,r,hich 1oD would recornmend sprinkler
irrigationi, DiscDss irs
advantages and disadvaBtages.
'2. a) Explain about soil-moisture j.rigation relationshi!. [1+4]
t3l
b) The colrrrdand a.rea of a cjrajjrel ;s 4000 hectares. J.lle itrlensity of jnigatio! of a crop
is 70o%. The crop requires 60 cm of $,arer ir l5 days, rvhe'
rccoded as i5 cm duing thatperiod. Find:
the
"tf"-Jirr"
,rolff ;" I

(i) TLc duly ar lrre hedd offield.

. (ii) The doty ar rhe head olchamil
(iii)te head discha.-ge ai rtre head ofchannel
Assume total losses as 1S.2.
t6l
i. Tbe basr perioJ. the inteo.;r-l ofirrigatioi and dury ofvarer
ror various crops unoer tre
candt sy. ie'r are siven. Derer'.ine thc rerer,,oir capaciry
is 40,000 hE" canal ]osses are ?5dZ and teseffofu losses are
ifrh. .ulii"abi";;;;a";ar;;
15oZ_
l6l
C.op Bare P€riod luty ot wafer at the fi€ld lrrigation Iet€nsib/-
(Days) (hah3lsec)
__ (9/.)
t2a I *nO 20
Sugarcane 360 1,700 20
Cotlon 180 1,400
Rice t20
l0
800 i5
120 /uu 15
4 corcrele l;ned cji:l hlrs , b.d slop-.ot I jn 40U0, .arrics
lh.. discharge of 70 cumecs.
rroe slole oi c \an ,. ,/. I.TT.V\.cu.!r.:r-J:n.r,,;,,j.of:hocrnsl
L7l
a) lvrite desigr procedure ofslonjne lld !-.!. if bry ir. r
il:re
(crest irvet, d/s jloor ievet and ie;sli! rorot ,.r.Eih UT,:(rt div.,s:on l.s.duor;(s
of ilooi -!,to,i dep,l) tu"d thjctcncs

b) tx.ldin !',hb :kelch rl'c I10l

e.,ctuder anl .itr ejector
rnd silt as a sili controliing structures in
irrlgation scheme. "iIr ^i"d,
.5. $,Iat ,s river training $.orKs? Wdre t)l
methods of training works norn1alt].
adopted in Nepatlese rivers. Dcsien a :l:,liffdrenrrequirc(l
for a blidse on a river ha'ing
rotto*'ing pa.ti.,'lars, ;;;-;%;,s',i::,'€nk :
rever :2-0im. average,r",..,";"a,i;,t:1T"T":",r:%:#j";*, ,or -. o{,*,.,.,
"u=,
7. Design the verticat drop ofsaradatype fiomthe Io
owir)g.Iara pmvj.led.
'
Discharge ofcaaal: 12 m j/s ,,r,
u/s FSLoi cand = 501_40 m, rl/s bed tevel _ 500
m
Drop heighi drop ofcanal bed = 1.20 m, FSL ofcanal=500.20 m,
Bed qidrh of canat = I O m, Side storc ct^d./s
canai = t: i. dcprh of flo,n, 1.40
and d/s side- Bligh's coefficieni -7
- m for borh u/s
8. a) EDlist tie ditTeterj q?e,s cf eross drai4age structn!'es f iti {iefinition sketch€s'

b) The cross drainage stnrcture across an irrigatior

chaffel has follow;rB data:
Disoharge of canal
: 50 oulBec
Bed \tidth oi canal =30m
Fnll suPPlY dep$ ofoanal :2.1m
Bed leve1 ofthe eanal
: 160.C0 !1}
Side slope ofcanal - 1.5:1 (E:v)
Hieh flood dischaige of drainage 450 curEec
I{i;b flood level of &ainage -:158.00
= 161.00 m
Bed lelEl of drainage
m
Gsleral ground leYel - 160.00 m
bed levels aad FSL at
Desisr tbe drainage waten^ay, c6l1al wateftvay aqd fiod the
foru Jifferent sections of &e catral TroLrgil
oa irrigation land is necessary? Descrjbe the various
9. a) ExDtain why the draioage drai$age'
mel-bods employed lor such
below grouod for the followirg data:
b) Determine tl{e location ofclosed tile dtains
;ot zorc depih : 1.5 m, capill€ry rise id soil:-0-'3 u! coefhcient of perird€b-ilily af
'Ju :J.s riF .1", :
a**"ge capacitv 0.11 m?/s/knrz, sPacing of drails :200 m'
"
arid deo*r ofimpervious suatum below
grcund - 10 0o'
 TRIBIIIJVAN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
mination Control Division
2078 Baishakh Year / Part

Subi
r/ Cadidates are required to give their answe$ h theh o1ln words as far as Dracticable.
A tIe mpl /!!! q ue s t i ons.

Thefgures in the ttargin indicate Fall Ma*|

lisume suitable data if necessa4/.

Explain the importance ofirigation development in Nepal. Descrjbe about the method of
surface ard sub-surface inigation and their suitability. [3+3]
Define the Aequeacy ofirigation aad how do you calcuiate the frequeooy ofinigation on
the basis of soil moisture? Compuie the flow discharge needed of a calral to irigate dry I

season crops ia 20000ha ard wet se€so! orops in 30000ha" Kor period aqd kor deptl for
dry atd wet season crops are 5 weeks and 12.5 om & 4 weeks ald 9.5cm reslectiveiy, [l+2+5]
Ex!2lain with bppropriate sketches the compo'leFt of calal irigation system. t4l
of a) Design,3l inigation channel to cany a discha.rge of? cumecs. Assurue n = 0.025 and
I
critical ielocity ratio m = 1.1, The chamel has a bed slope of 0.3m pcr kilometer. t6l
b) a cba$el in ailuvial soil for the fo data: t4l
tactive stress: 0.0035
1
a) An inigation bafage has to be desigtred to pass a flood of 11000 m3/s, tkough
alluviutu media (media! diauleter ofpanicles = 0.34rEn). Ihe flood level, pond level I

and dls floor level are 208m, 205a, ard 19h[ respectively- If the saG exit gradient is I

l/7; dompute midmum total impuvious floor length required to safe guard the I
I
rhuctuE &om pipiog. Prepa& a conceptual section ofthe designe.d structuro. t8l
I
L
t,

b) Write do\ya step by step design procedure ofhead regulator, {41

I

Design guide bun& aad launching apron reqtired to be provided lor a bridge-across a
iive! u'hose total waterway is 658.S8rrr. The design flood discherge is 13,100 nors dhich
may be increased by 20% for the design of tie larmching apron. Tie meac size of the
river bed material is 0.'lmm. t8l
Desigtr a cross regulator aod head regulator fot a chaue] which 1al<es off from the patent
charlnrl witb follorving data: t6+61
0) Discharge ofparcnt ciarmel = 125 curlecs
G) Discharge ofdistfibdtary channel = 20 cumecs
U/
fiii) FSL ofparent
' ch **d /f - 't"
7s tt97n
ul
ol fa'--ni CnAnncj'
Atn
tV) bed \!,qur '' = _-
n:
]/s 4tn
 cXawafr=
3fi
(v) Depth olqater in ttre Ouer't

(vi) fSL ofdjstributary = 119m

(vii) Bed width ofdistr'ibutary = 20m
1 8n
lviil) Fu.ll supply deptb of distribu'a'ry =
fix) $lt factor = 0.8
i*i Assume safe exit gradient = t/6
8. Cat.i:
H'r'!;li'[;, i"{:] {{{,T, o.f
BilT#iTi:,i':il,1[,"J:.11T'#l'fi1"4i
bas a nrgn flood
level 26?.00m. Ihe drainage
discharge "**
of 415,n3/s. high flood.level AUem
cross-sectioi of 265'50m' aod general grouad
268.20m, geleral bed level o{ low 'aater lgl ,!s*sr
tevel of267.20rn.
of land to meet the foilowing
a) Design the drainage canal.in paddy field for 5haconseoutive days = 300r!tn- the W'riie
conditions. Ma.\1muE ye$ly preorpilation for 3
;#ffi-t"ffi[; d" iuid *
i0 vears retum periods' Injtial valer level in the
daf and
itlrar
may.persist for
field - 40nu Maximu$ water revel is 300mn, wiich ^ory
a) Di

;#;dfi;;i]. a*tuuoat'*lt*Ldaaoinecessary' I{
dgDfii.Eexcessof200mmmaypersistforupio3days.Takegrou,t.hfactorforl0 b) ..rl
of
b) Derive theformula for fiading the spacirg
oftile drah t5l
. {i.
(il
i;i
ii
i\
:. Deiile
llarjlg
ber,k e
banlis i
:. An rrr
1.75n!
-D3d
sio
i
i -belor'..

B.-d 1;'.

Dis.ir::
Ile','J
'- a) D.s
the iolli
Disi
Sidi
ll-ci
Tt,."
ii-.c;
 TR I B HU\"{}] U.N) VEIiSITY

Itarks i i2
Exam inal ion Cont lol Division Prograrnllre I BCD Pa!s

2017 Chritra
Thne I 3 hrs.

_.lilly"l Jl!-cul'on ryq !|1il1g,9.!Ici9e9r,se €,r'- !-51, _- -

-____ as practicable
I Candidetes are tequired to give their answers in
iheif o\\n Fords as far
'/t ltlc, DI AU quc\tia 's'
;t,"i,g,r", in lhe nto si- itdLoi" Fnll I/'orA:
isl '/ 1:: ne "uitablc do a il |eft.sa')

l.\v'ilelhedifferentmethodsofSur|acgandsrtlr.sLrrfaceifigationandexPlai]1ebot
' #;;;";;;;; *iih their suitab;rity'
.2. a) Define: Duiy , Delk, Base peria'i and Crop periorl [1]
irr')getio
b) After ho*'mat1)' days u'ill suppiy water to soil in ordei to ensT re'srtlficien: '
of the gil€n cro! ll .

,j)Fj€ld c,P"-i') ufrh< lnil =28"'

(ji) Pc'ra'eT ' ujIL " poirri - llJ6
(iii)Drl' densil! of scil = 1 3 gn/cc
(iv) Eiifeotive depth ofroot ?one:7Ocm
lhe given crop = 12mm f5l
i',j'Daiiy coosu""ptive use of\%t€r for
depth for a canal secllon
l.' Deriv! the balancing depth for a caoal Calculate the balancing
t^"inn uu"a iqual to 20m md side slopes of 15:l in cutiing aod 2;l infilling The
"lat
irr,,f-i*u""-t"t"tu kept 4 m higher than the ground level (betm) anc cresi l'/idth ol r;2]
L:nl' is li'Pt es 3n'"i'^
;. Ar1 jrrigatioll chaonrjl Is to carr] a foll supply dischargi:
of 30mr/3 at a. \'€lccity of
f J:.t rl;ift" side sJupes zLIe to
be i:1 The mtio offull sulply depth to bed width isto
fr"l,i. .qt*.;"g tl. l4anniug's n as 0'018, calculate the fl!l] supply deptL bed lvidth' arld
;;;G;,dt"..e1 usirl Kennedv's rnethod f sl
_f lieL''u
: Us:rg* fi\oh o m'h I cal.,ia:e rl r'l Jr" pre slr-es i'r r'"ior s ker'1oir"s-:n
"l ;;-;* .:;1€'.Lee ll'1-li'ni lak'rl stolccol o-Idc{oras6r' []21

i- Desigr a guido bark for the ueir site frorll the fcllo\ving d"tr proliJ:d l3l
B:d l. \.'r ol r'"r J0: 00t t

Depth of*ater duri g high floori = 5n

Diicir:r'g; of ri','er : j00r;r'/s 6

The !Jie ofl-acet s sili faclor may be itken as 1'

:, a) D3slgr cres't, lenglh a d thickress oliDpe'!'ious floorofa venical drop sinrl'-ife ior
the ibllor"ving rJara:
I3l

B.d level U/t : :05 1sfl

Dischal?fj = 5.2 nr/sec,
Side slopc of the chamel = 1 : f ilcd slopc D/S = 204 45n1

fS'. Ll'\ - i0 I Cnr l.d', idLLr U/S.rn-d l) S - i i.'r

Toi *.idiil oi.LsL={1.55nl (fof irlitial assrinption); Ci=C415 Sp Cl oi irxloti!'
,:1".cf stn:riur,: - 2 il5;Bjjgh's C'r-cfllli'Di = 6 0
 srruclures in ilr;gation canal.
Design siphon aqueduct (Drainage walerway, Canal waterway, Bed levels and ilaisitons)
ifthe folloldng data ai crossing of canal and drainage are given:
a) Diicharge ofcarLal = 60 cumecs
b) Bed \aidth ofconal = 35rn
c) Full supply depth of ca!ul,- 2m
d) canal bed le,el 'l00m
e) Side slopes cf canll = 1.5H:lV
+ High flood discharge of dtajnage = soocumecs
g) Higl flood level ofduinage = 300.8m
h) Bed level ofdminage = 298-2m
i) Ceneral gr.uld level - l00.2rn
9. Derive lhe equation to find t'ue spacing of iile drain. Calculate the spacing of the title
drains lilr AJr area having rainlall of l?00nm, if 1.5% is to be d:ained in 24ks. From
. $oudd level, depih of imperyious stratrdtu is l0m, depth of drai4 is 2.2m and dep-rlr of
highest position oiwater table is 1.2m, coefficierf ofpermeability = 0.00 icr..lsec,
t
06 TRIBHUVANTINIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
Examination Control Division
2075 Bhadra

-:--::;w6ri-qGgieulg-p:rtea'--E"s:*ir''"e-gwit---:---
,/ Candidates are required'to give their answers in their own words as far practicable.
as
/ Attempt AII questions.
'/ Thefigures in the margin indicate Fwll Mar.ks
'/ Necessaw figures ary attache! herewith- .

./ Assume suitable data if necessary-

1. Describe in brief stages of planning of irrigation projects. t4l

2. After how many days will you irrigate your field in order to ensure healthy growth of
crops if t8l
Field capacity of soil :29o/o
Density of soil = 1.3 gm/cc
Daily consumPtive use : 12 mm
Permanent Wilting Point : TLYo
Effective root zone dePth: 65 cm
For healthy growth moisture content must not fall below 25%. How much irrigation water
required it outlet of the field, if the application efficiency is 75%
3. Describe economic analysis of canal lining during design of irrigation canal. t5]

4. Design concrete lined canal to carry a discharge of 45 cumeer The bed slope of canal is
assumed to be I in 7000. Take side slope of canal as 45" and manning coefficient
is
0.01s. t8l

5. Why Kholsa's theory is appropriate than other methods? Write down limitation of mutual
interference correction while applying Khosla's seepage theory. t3+2)

6. Design crest elements, cistern elements and draw HGL line of a designed glacis fall on a
canal waterway with the following data: [1s]

Full supply discharge: 118 cumec Canal bed'level{U/S) : 207.5 m

Full supply level of canal (U/S) = 209.7 m Canal bed level (D/S) = 206.0 m
Full supply level of canal (D/S) - 208'2 m
. Canal bedwidth (U/S & D/S) = 62 m
Fluming ratio :75
Safe exit gradient of canat material = | 16
Yo

1. Write down essential requirement of outlet. Derive the relationship between Flexibility
and Sensitivity. 12+31

8. Neatly sketch a guide bund and design the following components of guide bund for river
discharge of 4000 cumec of flood height 5.0 m and silt factor 1.1. t8l
Length of tuide bund
l-hickness of pitching
Width of launching apron
Depth of launching aPron
t
9. A distributary channel having bed with 5.0 m full supply depth of I.20 m c,arries 3.0
cumec of water. A semi modular pipe outlet in this channel has a command area of 15 ha
growing rice with a kor depth 20 cm and kor period of 3 weeks. Determine the size of the
outlet and set it for sub proportionality with a flexibility of 0.9. Assume length of pipe as
' 3.0 m and friction factor as 0.03. t8l
10. Design a siphon for the data given below: t8l
Canal Drainage
Discharee (m'/s) 18.0 60
Bed level (m) 100.0 101.5
Side slope (V:H) 1:1.5
Bed width (m) 6.0
FSL/hish flood level (m) 103.0 103.5

Lacey's silt factor:

1.0, Rugosing coeffient N : 0.016
:
Normal ground level 102.0 m
I l. Explaincauses and remedial measures of water logging in the agriculture land and write
the method as well as assumption adapted to design the surface drainage in terai region of
Nepal. [3+3]

***
 v
t
*
07 TRIBHUVA}I UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level BE Full Marla 80

Examination Control Division Programme BCE PassMarks 32

2075 Baisakh Year lParJ m/II Time 3 hrs.

Subject: - Irrtgation and Drainage Engineering (CE654)

r' Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
r' Attenpt All questions.
/ The figures in the margin indicate Fa!!furhs.
/ Assume suitable data if necessmy.

1. a) Explain GCA' CCA, NCA, Cropping Intensity and Cropping Pattem. tsl
b) Write down the steps for calculating irrigation requirement for Rice crop. t41
c) The field capacity of soil is 40%, Perrnanent wilting point is 20%, Density of soil is
l.2gm/cc, effective root depth is 90crq ET crop is l0mm/day. Calculate the irrigation
-, interval (IR) if the readily available moisture (RAM) is 75o/o of zvailable soil moisture
capacity and show AMC, RAM and irrigation interval on graph of Available moisture
and time. 15+21
2. a) Write down the concept of Kennedy and Lacey's Silt Theory. t8]
b) Proofusing Lacey's Theory that p = 4.75 (Q)0 5 t4l
c) Design a canal using Lacey's Theory carrying a discharge of20 cumec, silt factor:
1.5 and side slope is 0.5:1(H:V) t4l
3. a) Write down the cause and effects of water logging. AIso explain method of
reclamation of water logged area. t6]
b) Derive the expression for subsurface drainage spacing. t5]
c) Explain different types of outlets used in irrigation projects. t51
4. a) Neatly sketch a guide bund-and design the following components of a guide bund for
a river discharge of4000 m'/s and silt factor 1.1. tgl
(i) length of guide bund
(ii) thickness of pitching
(iii)width of launching apron
(iv) depth of launching apron
b) Explain different level of planning in inigation projects, also explain different types
ofmaintenance in irrigation projects. tgl
5. Write short notes: [4x4]
a) Irrigatiod Development in Nepal
b) Types of lrrigation Method
c) Different types of cross Drainage works
d) Different types of Fall structures
***
 TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY Exam.
BE Full Merks
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
.BCE Pass Marks
':* Examination Control Division Programme
2A73 Magh Year lPart

S ubi ect : - lrcigatiollP{ Pr€i Engineering (CE6s4)

t as far as practicable'
Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words

t,/ fl:,T;,f,,^ ?:i{:";:, r,n indi c at e F utt Mar h#

Assume suitable data if necessary-

l) Describe about the different method of surface and subsurface inigation and their (5)
suilability
do you calculate the frequency of irrigation on the basis of soil moisture? Water
is
}',) How
released at the rate of 16 cumecs at the head sluice;lf the duty at the field
is 80 halcumecs and
foss of waterin transit 2lo/o.Findthe area of the land that can be inigated.
(8)

3) Describe with sketch about possible alignment of inigation canal'' (5)

with
4) Describe about alluvial and non-alluvial canal. Design a canal using Kennedy's formula
the following data:e=4o m3/s, manning's roughness coefficieit (n) =0.018, bed slope(s)
(Z+8)
=0.00020, m=1.0 and side slope=0.5:1(H:V)
s) Exptain the design method to find the Euitable size, length and thickness of floor of banagE
---r-e'-theory. Also draw the typical section of banage showing the different(6+6)
Using Khosla,s Eeepage
component.
normally
6) what is river training works. Exptain with sketch three methods of training works
'r'-" (8)
adopted in Nepalese rivers.

7) - v
(a) what are the func,tions of head regulator and cross regulator. Sketch the section
of cross
(2+21
regulator
(b) Design a vertical drop structure for the data given bElow.
Full supply discharge u/s and d/s =1.8 cumecs

DroP height=O.75m

FSL u/s end d/s =106.997 and 1 06.247 '

Full Supply depth u/s and d/s =0.929m

u/s and d/s =106.068 and 105.318

. Bed levels
Bed wldth u/s and d/s =1.2m
sumption co=0.415 for recFngttl The drop stru€lure
.0 Side slope of the canal is tr: ighls coefficient as
(g)

g) Design the following components of a suitabte C/D work for the following data-

Discharge of canal=5g msls , Bed width of canal=30m,Depth of water in canal=l.Sm,Bed level

of canal=100.0m,High flood discharge of drain=450 m3/s, Htgh flood level of
(i)Design of
drainage=100.50m,Bed level of drainage=98.8m,General ground level=100.0m
drainage water- way(ii)Design of canal water way (iii) Design of transitlon and
(iv)Uplift pressure
ontheroof.lr9l-wc|y\||/|JEr'lv||\,|\,g|r|€.|ltf.lv|t'F,\r|',

9) Explain about internal and extemal drainage system. Also explain the causes and remedial
meaeures of water logging in the agriculture land and write the method as well as assumptions
adapted to design the surface drainage in terai region. (3+3+4)
::. ,,,:

YI TRIBHWAI{UNTVERSITY Exam. Re gular / Ilarlr

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Lerrel BE FUII Marks 80'
Examination Con trol Division Programme BCE Plss'llfarks
2071 Bhadra Year/Part m/[ Time, 3 hrs.

and

Candidates are required-to gtve their anwvers in their own words as far as practicable.
Attempt AII questions.
TheJigures in the margin infrate Full Marks.
{ Necqsum fisures are ffiached herewith-
Assume suitable data dnecessary.

l. Justify the need of inigation development in Nepal. Define cropping intensity arid
!
irrigation intensity. i " 13+21
2.
I
I
I
Thebase period, intensity of inigation and duty of various crops under a canal inigation
system are give,n in the table below. Find the reservoir capacity if the canal losses are
I

l t8I
,) Base periods Drrty atthe field Areaunderthe crop
Crop (davs) . ftectares)
ftIa/Cumecs)
Rice 120 850 3000
I
t20 1700 4500
I
Susrcane 360 750 5400
\ Veeetables 120 6s0 1200
t

Cotton 2W ' 1300' '2200

3. Draw a t5rpical ctpss section of a canal in partial crittiug and partial filling and label at
least fivedifferent cqr.ral elemcnts on it. t5I
4. a) Sides of an irrigation canal with the followingdesign parameters are well protected.
What will be the stable depth and bed width of such a canal?
Q:5m3/s, dso=3crn, i= I in500
slope of a chaonel in alluvium in 1/6000. Find the channel section and the
maximum discharge which can be allowed to flow in i[. Take f : 1.0.
5. A diversion weir with a vertical droq to be designed for an inigation system has the
following data Design flood :4000 m'/s; Natrual width of the soluce river = 300 m; Bed
material: Coarse sand, Bligh's C = 12; Lacey's f :1.2; Height of weir above low water
= 3.0 m; Top width of the crest :2.0 m. Fix the lengttr of the floor accordlng to Bligh?s
principle and design the length of flocir and depth of cutoffs using Khosla's seepage
theory. Compute the'thickness of the floor at key.points. Make zuitable assumptions if
necessary. Draw a neat sketch of the designed weir.

6. What is meant by river training works and what are the different objectives served by it.
What are the underlying principles behind the determination of spur spacing. Draw L and
. X - section of a typicalipur. Il+2T21
7. Describe the funstions of different regulating structures used in an irrigation system.
Desigu the c:rest and cistern of a drop sEucture (Sarda type) for a discharge of 9 cumecs
and a drop height of 1.2 m: FSL rls and d/s : 105.7 m and lM.5 m; Bed Level r.r/s and
dls:104.2m and 103.0 m; Bed Width r/s and d/s: 8 m; Side Slope of Channel : l:1. t5+l
i
 ':: ::'

. ; ''i.
8. Determine bed and water levels at four critical locatiori5:,.of the cagal water way at
qr-it-rnof Syp-honicAqueduct,d.esigudwiththefollowingdutu.,
eaEal-
1
i Full'sunply discharge = 40 m3/s i' :
'

. f_r{!_s.lpply.level:15l.8m , ,'.
Siqe-s,tope: 1.5:l
Depth ofwater= 1.5 rir

i''
Bedwidth =32m
tr.
Drainage
Ma:<imum flood discharge = 520 m3/s
level: 150.6 m
Higfu flood
Bdlevel:148.2m
Normal gnound lerrcl = 150.00 m
!
9. List out the main effects and preventive measur€s of watei logging. Estimate the rate of
'., l: ' internd dminage discharge in lps/ha from btmded rice fields qf ,T€rai area. The 3-day
:. :
,l design rainfalt of l0 years frequency in that afea has been estimated as 400 mm. Make
zuitable assuurptions for removing exoess water from the fi.gJd of Terai: t4+6I
**'+ ' l'
I rr,."': -'-

i
)
ii

.t/

lr
j

; 5

"li+
::t'. i:
;i#,+.
$IIE:
1J:,

J.*!.iE**:+ ;t.:*ir
 W TR,IBHIJVAN IJNIVERSTTY Eirr, l{cgulal'
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Lc?el BE Full Marks. 80

Examination Control Division hegreEffi BCE Pess Marlrs 32

' 2070Bhadra Yeer,rPert m/II Time 3 hrs.

Subject: - Irrigation md Drainage Engineering (C8654)

/ Candidates are required to grve tfuir ansr*rers in &eir own words as far as practicable.
J Attempt AII questions.
/ Ihe figures in the margin indbate Fufi Msrhs-
/ Assume suilable data dnecesswy.

l - Writing various methods of surface inigation, discuss the suitability of drip and sprinkler
inigation. tsI
2. A minor commands 400 ha of inigable area. It is proposed to consider wheal crop in the
whole command area. The kor period for the wheat is considered 3 weeks. The kor depth
hasbeenassessedtobe l0cm. Inthisperiod2.T5cm of rainfallisnormallyexpected
with such an intensity that 50plo of this could be taken as superfluous (surface runoff).
Considering lOoh conveyance loss find out (a) dury of the canal water at the field head
and (b) discharge of the minor at upstream head. t8I
3. Explain the components of a canal inigation system. lsI
4. A stable channel is to be designed for a discharge of 40 m3/s and the silt factor of unity.
Calculate the dimensions of the channel using Lacey's regime equations. What would be
the bed-width of this channel if it were to be designed on the basis of Kennedy's method
with critical velocity ratio equal to unity and the ratio of bed-width to depth of flow the
same as obtained from Lacey's method. [4+6I
5. Sketch the hydraulic gradient line for the weir profile, shown below, considering the case
of no flow at pond level. Slope correlation for the slope (2:l) is 6.5 percent. Also compute
the value of the exit gradient. ll2I
Pond lanel

PFf.n 98.00
0-sm{
$o
|*0.s.
94.00 s4.00

92rX)

6. The launching apron of a guide bank is Iaid in a width equal to 1.8 times the depth of
scour below original bed. If a scour slope of 3:l is to be maintained with thickness I.5 t,
find the thickness of apron before it get lamched. Draw neat sketch of designed structure- t8l
7. a) Write down the functions of head-regulator and cross-regulator. I4l
b) Why is the provision of drop silxuctures required in an canal irrigation system. Explain
with appropriate sketches- t4l
c) Meution various types of canal outlet and describe in brief. What is flexibility of outlet? t4I

'/ 'i
8. a) Following data ae ohined d tb crossing of a canal and a drainage. t6l
Canal data:

a: 20 m3/s, depth of waer: lJ m and FSL = 151.50 m, Bed width: 12 m, side

slope (H:V) = (15:l)
Drainaee dara:

Q = 200 m'/s, f{FL: 150-7 m, Bed kr€I: 148-5 m ad Ground level : 150.0 m

Design the following comp@€fiE of siphon aqueduct.

i) waterway
Drainage ii) Canal waterway
iii) Transition iv) Uplift
b) Explain different types of crossdrainage structure with necessary sketch. t4l
9. Detennine the drainage rate in Vs/ha required 1o meet the following conditions for healthy
growth of rice paddies in bonded filed in Terai ofNepal. ll0I
Initial water level in field:50 mm
Ma:<imum water level is 400 rnrn which may persist for up to one day-
Depth in excess of 250 Em maypsrsist for up to 2 days.
No rain follows the design rainfalt for several days.
Neglect ET and deep percolation losses-
Design 3 day rainfall is 400 mm.
 -.!r..,
. i
:

!
1

:,

03 TRIBHWAN I.'NIVERSITY Exam. Old Back &

INSTIruTE OF ENGINEENTNC LeVel Full Marks
l 'F xamination Control Division Programme BCE Pass Marks 32

, 2070 Chitre Year / Part ry/l Time 3 hrs.

l

syilS:tj_lggatigl_F:Sil::r-e!!G?2!_9P_.-.*_
!
/ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
t / Aaempt any Five questtons.
,/ Thefigares in the margin indicate fiull Marks.
l / Assume suitable data ifiecessary.

1.a. Explain follnring terms (8)

a. GCA
I b. NCA
i
I
i
a Cropping lntensity
d. Gropping Pattem'

b. Wdte dom the steps for cabulating inigation requirement for Rice crop (4)
c. The fieH capacity d s9l! ir 40j6, Permdnent witting point b 20%. Oeniitv of soit.is 1.2grntcc.
ryirte ryg @pth b 90Cm, Efcrop b l0mm/day. CalcuHe the inigation intenrat if the readity avaitabte
moflye is ffi of availabte soil rnisture capacrty (4)

2,. ay. Using taqey;e basic equation, e$abfsh a relalionship between R, e and f (6)
'b- Design a canal usirg Kennedy fonnubt'ron with folkrrring data
Q = 10 qrmeq Manning rcughness ooefticbnt = 0.0245, slope of bed = 0.0002, m = 1 and side slope of
cand 0.5:1 fttV) (6)
c. Yhitedowntheimportance of caaal livkrg. (1)

3. a Ddme gmynes and e:gbh diifferert t!,pes of groynes (8)

b. E pJain diferent tlryes dflood contrd measrme! H'
c Ergla'ur dirtrercnt stages of dnea (4)
4. Calcuhte fie uplit pressure at key points of piles in Fig 1. Abo check the thic*ness d the
noor at A B locatbn and exit gladient. The safe exit gradi,errt is 0.2 (16)

lclm

'10fti

9!rsln
grn

gil.Sm FFlii'l

15m

z0mt

92m Iif,:l
Fig. ,

I
1,,r,; .

i ,,

5. a) Wrt6 dryn the cause and efiscts d rvater logging. Also elplain method of reclamatbn of water
(6)
.(s,
b) Derive the e)gression for subsurface dnainage spacing
c) rwnte dofln the desrgn cntertr dsurfagg rlrainages itit
l
(4x4)
6. Wdte short notes
a. Types of lnigatbn Melhod
b. operation and Maintenance of lnigatim syslem
a Modularand nosr modularoutlets
dr. Dlfferenttypes of Cross Drainage uorks

***

f
 W TRIBHWA}.IIJMVERSITY Exam. Resulur'(2066 & Latcr llatrh)
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level- BE Full Marks 80
Examination Control Divisiono Programme BCE Pess Marks 32
2A69 Bhadra Year / Part III/il Time 3 hrs.

and
/ Candidates are required to give their answers.in their own words as far as practicable.
{ Attempt All questions.
'/ Thefigures in the margin indicate Full Marlcs.
{ Assume suitable dota if necessary.

\ 1. Write down sowing time, harvesting time and average delta of five principal crops of hills
ofNepal. t5I
2. a) Write down the steps for calculating irrigation requirement for Rice crop. t5l
b) The field capacity of soil is 60%, permanent wilting point is 2|o/o,Density of soil is
l.Zgdcc, effective root depth is l20cm, ET crop is 9mm/day. Calculate the inigation
interval if the readily available moistr.re is 85% of available soil moisture capacity. t3l
3. Neatly draw the component of canal and explain it. t5I
4. Errplain sediment transport and tractive force approach in canal design. [10]
5- Draw a neat sketch of the general layout of a diversion head works and cross sections of
under sluices, canal head regulator and weir with all details. [3+3+3+3]
6. Following hydraulic data near a proposed bridge site are obtained.
:
Ma,ximum discharge 4000m3/s
Higest flood level = 205.0m
Nver bed level :200.00m
Average diameter of river bed meterial = O.lmm
Design the following components of a guide bund and neatly sketch it. (i) Length of guide
bund (iD Thickness of pitching of the slope (iii) Lenglh of launching apron (iv) thickness
oflaunchingapron. t8I
7. a) Design crest, length and thickness of impervious floor of a vertical drop structure for
the data given below:

Discharge: 1.8m3/s; Bed level U/S = 205.05m

Side slope of channel = l:l; Bed level D/S : 204.35m
FSL U/S = 205.95m; Bed width U/S and D/S = 1.5m
Top width of crest = 0.5m (for initial assumption); Cd:0.415 sp.gp. of masonary drop
structure :2.2; Bligh's coeff: 6.0. t8I
b) Describe with neat sketches the functions of distributory head regulator and cross
regulator in a canal project. t4I
8. Design a syphon aqueduct (Drainage water way, Canal water wayr Bed levels and
Transitions) if the following data at the.crossing of canal and drainage are given. UOI
o :
Discharge of canal 50 cumecs
. Bed width of canal:32m

,
 o Full supply depth of canal = 1.80m il ' ,
o Canal bed level = 200.0m
o Side slgpes of canal: (1.5H:lV)
. High flood discharge of drainage = 400 cumecs
. High flood level of drainage = 200.60m
. Bed level of drainage: 198.0m
Io General ground level = 200.20m

9. Design a surface drainage for a field of 40ha area in Terai with following data Design
maximum yearly precipitation for three consecutive days = 50mm, longitudinal slope of
channel 1:400, Manning roughness coefficient 0.025, Maximum water level is 300mm
whicli may persist for up to one day and depends in excess of 200mm may persist for up
to 3 days. Aszume other suitable values if necessary. lr0I
t+*

1
 lL'.i'ilI-':-'
st-.'$t''-''

ol,ii
EO

.BCE 'Pass lWarks 32

€haitra ry/I 3 hrs.

1, l:t':f .,.- tr .,1 ::.:'S{-).i

" , 1'.' j.: j.. .. i.,s-"'

'# Candidat* are required to give their answers in their owtr words as far as.praqticable. :' rt!i{ltii}i

{ lttemp! any Fbe questions.

{ The figures:in the margln indicate'Full Marks.
/ .Assume sittabte data tf'necessary.
,7t . ) t. a) "Irrigation shall be given top priority for the overall development of odrcountry".
t5l
b) What do you mean by crop water requirement? Explain the factors affecting ttie crop
waterrequirement ' ' '
tsl
i
c) After how many days will you zupply water tg soil (clay loam of 1.5 glcc &y density,
!

Field c4pacity = 25Yo and P'WP :

l3yo) in order to ensure efficient irigation.of the
crop for which daily consumption use of water is 10 mm. Take 75cm of root zone
I
t_
t6I
2. a) Discuss, with suitable sketch, variousmethods of surface inigation system. , tsI
. : 'b) A field channel has a culturable command area of 2000 hectares. The inten'sity of
inigation for gram is 30Yo and for wheat is 50%. Gram has a kor period of 18 days
and kor depth of 12cm, while wheat has a kor period of I 5 days and a kor depth of 15
cm. Calculate the discharge of the field channel. t6I
c) Showing the position of a fish ladder, unite its necessary in headworks. IsI
!: 3. a) hove that the wetted perimeter is direcfly proportional to square root of the design
I I ru . 'tlischarge. t4I
I .I''' b) Design an inigation channel with side slope 0.5H: lV to carry a discharge of 50 m37s
--
i
' at a.slopb of I in 5000. Take kutter'sn = 0.A225 and C.V.R (m) = 0.9. t8l
i
I c) Draw cross section of an irrigation canal'in cutting and filling showing major
elements. t4l
4. a) Discussing sediment probleur.s in aq irrigation headworks, write any two methods of
contolling sediment qrtry to the inigation canal. t4I
b) Design a 1.5 Sarda grpe fall for a canal having a discharge of 12 cumecs wilh the
following data. u21
Bpdlevel ry's = 103.0m
Side'slopes of canal 1:1:
-
Bed level d/s 101.5m
Full supply level r/s = 104.5 m
'Bed
widthr.r/s and d/s: 10m
Soil = Good loam
Bligh's Qs€fficient= 6
 :

;
I

-!:ffiHHFr+In*r \

the da.t* !

i;
',
i
,. (. il:*, i' .! rlr i'..j .ii.,.. L-':l;{l L.rdr7.h lr!
"...," i
' . li,roi.'t;''i,lrifil I
I
i
-r:. ' :a:T 1

:Ghec* i&6 exit:giadient of the,tBdrauticsihieture..The.safe exit gradieni tttJ._ toit is ' I

I
U6." "f . .. -.* rt.

I
.tf .zrrrdifiAtes
' " Ld't'i A
-..t1i" tl!'l't
, tl,
Lewl C
(
1r4 (
.Lsual B

La/d D
La\ral

I
I I
I
Lovel |l I
LprrelG' !
t
I
te\rel E I
{
I
I
Lanel:J t
L1 L2 i
I

Reference Point Level, masl Reference Point kvel,masl

A 160 F 142
B 143 G 139
c 746 H 140
D 142 I t4t
E 138 J 135

Lr and Lz are 30m and 60m respectively. Conection factor for slope is 3.3.
analytical method. Make suitable assumption if necessary
Use
l
U
b) What is o.tttttt Wtte down the requirernents that an outlet should fulfill. Distinguish
clearly between uon modular and semi-modular ouflet. - [+2+3]
6.4 ]Vha! is water loggrng? Write down causes, effeots and preventive measures of water
loggings. lt+2+2+31
b) WiIh neat sketch,(plan and section), show the dver training works for a bridge. What
is a launching apron? How is it designed? 14+41
'tf*+

,.'(
 .03 TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY Exam. Resular / Back
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level BE Full Marks 80
Examination Control Division Programme BCE Pass Marks 32
2068 Baishakh Year / Part ry/I Time 3 hrs.

/ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
/ Attempt any Five questions.
( fheJigur"t in th" *argin indicate Full Marks
/ Necessarv chsrt is attached herewith.
/ Assume suitable data if necessary.

1. a) Calculate the design discharge of canal at 0, l, 2 and 3 km from headworks. The GCA
at the head of the canal is 40000 ha aqd after each km it is reduced by 6000 ha. Of this
command, the CCA is only 70%o. The intensity of irrigation for Wheat and Rice is
:
40% and 25% respectively. Assume total loss below 3km 0.4 m3/s; channel losses
:
per hp 4olo of discharge at beginning of each km; Kor period for wheat and Rice is
4 and 3 weeks respectively. Kor depth for wheat and rice is 14 and 20cm respectively. t9]
b) What are the factors to be considered in fixing canal aligruirent? Discuss the tlpes of
canals and their suitability in plaruaing of irrigationsystem. 17)
2. a) Find the spacing of the tile drains for an area having average annual rainfall of
l400mm, if 1% is to be drainedin24 hours. From ground level, depth of impervious
stratum = 9m; depth of drains = 2m and depth of highest position of the water
table.: lm. Coefficient of permeability may be taken as 0,001 cmlsec. t8]
b) An irrigation canal passing through the'alluvium soil (d,*"n = 0.50mm) carries a
discharge of 64 mtls. What major principle you apply while designing such a canal?
Find out th9 principal dimension and bed slope of the canal and draw a sketch of the
designedsection.. [1+6+l]
3. a) The cross drainage shucture across an irrigation channel has following data: Uzl
Parameters Canai Drainage
Discharee (m'/s) t25.0 64.0
FSL/IIFL (downstream) m 298.00 304.0
Bed Level (dovrnstream) m 294.00 300.00
Bedwidth (m) 40.0 80.0
Side slooe (H:V) l:1 0:1

Fix the waterway of the canal and drainage designing a suitable t1,pe of cross drainage
structure and find out the bed level of the drainage structure at the upstream end.
b) Write with explanation of three majbr fuqctions of undersluice constructed in an
irrigation headworks and mention its design criteria. 12+21

4. a) Calculate the thickness of a 7m long launching apron of loosed stones for a shank
portion of guide bund at d bridge site-of a riverS@design flood of 8000 m3/s and
flood depth of 5m. Assume that average diameter of river bed material at floo-d time is
0.3mm. tel
b) Define river training works. Enumerate three major objectives of river training works.
Write down two basic purposes of spur installation. 12+3+2)
 ._irP-

5. a) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages ofsprinkler and drip irrigation. t6l
b) For the following irrigation headworks and respective data, 16+2+21
i) Compute the pressure at the.end pile section.
r floor and pile interface
r bottom ofpit" :
ii) Check whether "na the
floor thickness provided at the end is suffrcient or not?
iii) Check the exit gradient of the hydraulic structure. The safe exit gradient of the soil
is l/6.
Level A

Level C

Level B
I r
4

Level D

t-svel I

Level H
Level G

Level E
Lovel J
L1 L2

Reference Point Level. masl Reference Point Level. masl

A 160 F t42
B I tJ 139
C H 140
D t42 I r4t
E 138 J 135

Lr and L2 $e 20m and 6Om respectively. Use analyical method or Khosla's curve
(rttaehedherovi.th). }..{akesi:iteble assrr:",:litir,:',, .lli:.',: ,,r;r}ty.i!'
, .,.; ,'" .
'are;'the
6' Elnlain the working of a non-modular outlet. What advantages- and
"] disadvantages of this tlpe of outlet? [3+3]
b) Explain soil moisture iension, osmo.tic pressure; field capacity, wilting point and
available moisture. t3l
c) Describe the status of irrigation development in Nepal. t4l
d) Write a short note on institutional aspects of irrigation system management. l3l
t**
 p,ifc a' end YA,<.4*-t m
4e- L c.slq*) o er.
L
tc= |df EFI b<-
F -=i
t'j5 ,o- +c6{
I Ei pitc at cri<{ o
9o
t rsr {rt q*.rcr d*:r *.lrnt lc *
*r. SCr)&r rl-d-.ta r'a r.rft f'-' -
m.*41t*.!.er *A 4.. * l4 ln ! * t
1 Io,l
. ";e<,t.562a11p41

'11- .q,
tl j
t- tl
p
.!la=..-a.rl2
o
4e, cos] (r-2)
f| @s'l
a
(-!)
roo- lE )\
tcrc-4o
@ i tOO- {l*,
ld- t tt*1
l=
3
50 I

E
{ =!ro
agl-
a
{r I-5
+rJ
o g
'e
I -
!.2.e

'6 o
o
E
.E;I
H *,
f,l"
t--T-
I iJ
ff
,
s
*e,
!,- -
I

+6
o
o
o,
20
-2
E.:E J
Ti--
-"'rT
lo * .i!:'r-;>.: lo
---E -!.!-r+ + l_i_
' lll
c.Jli,
o o
o
fidio L
Khe.to ', ?tttl:tc,Cr.lrves
I

.OI TRIBHWAN1JNIVERSIfi Regular / Back

Exam.
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level BE FullMarks 80

Examination Control Divisiqn Programme BCE Pass Marks 32

2065 Bhadra Year / Part IV/I Time 3 hrs.

'/ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
/ Attempt any Five questions.
'/ Thefigures in.themarginindicate FuU Marks.
/ Assume suitable data if necessary.

1a) With thq help.of a neat sketch, describe the components- of a canal._system used.in
irrigation project. t4l
b) Explain the terms duly, delta and their relationship t4l
c) Draw the crop coefficient curve for rice crop. An irrigation project has 6000 ha of
CCA and ETo is 150 mm/day, effective rainfall is 30pm/morith and the overall
efficiency of th.e project is 30%. Calcu-l.ate the irrigation demand in cumec. [3+s]
2. a) From the data given below, design a stable irrigation canal, ensuring tfr" stutitiry of
particles at bed as well as sides. t10l
Discharge: i0 *'/,

Side strcpe = 30o

Angle of repose of soil:38o
b) With the help of neat.sketches, exp[rn how silt excluders and silt ejectors corrhol the
bed load'in an irrigation system. ' .. '' " : t6I
::, i.
3: Write with definition stetch hpw.do,you determine,thepressure along the fourctlation
,t) of the struitr:re and *r*" r"fety against uplift pressure using Bligh's creep $eory.
b) Draw four (4) simple Khosla's profiles for a weir of complex profiles. What
corrections Khosla suggdsted to accommodate such simplifications? [3+3] . !

c) Write down the advahtages and disadvantages of sprinkler and drip irrigation. t4l
4. a) Desigr the follbwing compcinents of a guide bund for a river discharge of 6000 m3/s
and silt factof as i.l. Take IIFL: 150m, Bed level: 145m. Is+3]
i) Length of guide bund
ii) Thickness of pitching
iii) Width of launching apron
iv) Depth of launching apron
Using the design data, draw the followings:
A) Plan of guideqpk.
B) Section at shfrk and
C) Section at u./s curved head
b) Write down the five objectives of river training works. t4l
c) Write down different types of canal maintenance. t4l
5. a) The annual rainfall in Biratnagar is 2000mm. Find the Spacing of sub-surface drains if
ZYo of average arurual rainfall is to be drained in 2 days. .t6l

Depth of impervious stratum from the top of soil surface : l}rr-

PoSition of drain is 2m bblow the'top soil surface and the depth of highest positio; of
water table b6low the top soil surface : l.5m
Permeability,K= I x 10+m/s
b) Explain di"fferent types of outlets used in irrigation projects. Define proportionality
and flexibility of such outlets. 14+21

-c) Draw a neat longitudinal sec-tion through a head regulator of an irrigation head works
t4l
6.'a) Find out the waterway, bed level and FSL of a suitable cross drainage structure for the
following data given below. The structure should be flumed to achieve economy. [10]
Parameters Canal Drainage
O;,' (rn'/s) 30 200
B (m) 20 80
Bed level at d/s 200 198
FSL/HFL 242 20t
Assume Manning's rugosity coefficient as 0.014 for concrete.
b) Explain with.plans and sections of any two types of fall struchries used in irrigation
 . !'
O' TRIBHUVAI\: UNIVERSITY Exam.
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level BE

Examination Control Division Programme BCE PassMarks 32

2065 Shrawan Year / Part IV/I Time 3 hrs.

Subject: - Irrigation Engineering

/ Candidatds are required to give their ans#ers in their own words as far as practicable.
'/ Attempt any Fivi questions.
'/ Thefigures tu the margin tndicate Full Marks.
Necessarv fisure h attached herewtth.
Assume suitqble data if necessary.

l. a)- Explain different types of irrig4tion methods. t8l

b) Write the definition of potential evapokanspiration and write down the steps for
calculation potential evapotranspiration by Penman methods with all associated
formula- t8l
'2.a) Explain different types dfcanal alignments. tsl
i

b) What is water logging? Write down its causes, effects and preventive measures of I

water loggings. t6l I

I
I
!
c) Explain different types of irrigation efficiencies. tsl
3. a) Enumerate different methods of flood control measures. Explain the functions of spur
and their types with the help of sketches [3+3] '

b) Design a guide bund for a flood discharge of 7000 cumecs, the high flood depth is 5m
and the silt factor is 1.1. ' [6] .'
,c) tt1
L'J

4. a) An irrigation canal carrying a discharle of 40 m3/s has to be constnrcted in alluvial

sbil. If the mean diameter.of the soil is 0.5 mm, design a suitable sgction and bed
slope of such a canal.
' t8l
b) Draw a neat sketch of cross-sections of a canal in cutting, filling and balanced mode,
showing all features. t8l
.

5. a) Design a canal drop structure for the data given below: t8l
a :5 m3/s
FSL, upstream : 110.5 m
FSL, downstream
': 109.5 m
Normal Depth, u/s and d/s :1.5m
Bed width =3.0m
Bligh's coefficient, C
b) Drawing neat sketches, explain how silt excludes and silt ejectors conhol the bed load
in an irrigation system t8l
6. Find out the corrected pressure a1 upstream] downstream and intermediate fey points of a
. hydraulic structure founded on penneable foundation as given below. Use factor for slope
correctionas4o/o. Assume suitable dr-ta if p:^r'"an' ^'ii ^.1' ,:'1 ,i.; il:" :::'*, -'' '. .; . j
plot the hydraulic gradient line. LIOJ
 I J / .Uulll
Level
155.00m

154.00m
.F- 152.00m

1.3m
Sheet/ .00m 0.6m

Sheetr/ +8.oom Pile 10m

10m Sheet pile
pile' --'\*-
15.8ni 141.7m
,
*:B rl.

Shrcl ptte oI errd va"cc"+l=f m

C:= *. cre{$q
6
tc = {df 6.t;tl
F --q 1o= {c"r{ ()
*-3 5;;1 pilc of cnd
?o
Gfinf leGrcq drrot (cr4Lr.*"|rrof lct*'
gullr<I {ronlco
o
o
1. 4
ad .(,/L.Do29r.1D9 7.
16
t t rJD*r Gk {r .f
f U" llor oS nae.fs1o. .

b.rc rdtb Elad6.rLtEGt fra loo

l- e,
rr.": 1ofct. o{ 6d <- 4 l,
L
!
rtoo-lo{ct:os ad <. . t,l
.9 o
f rPo-...a.5t2
(q=
lo= t3::;[F,riT
irq- ,Xo- r.
'lo,- r@-,{o
@ ,D= too-
?d- t floor)
la

50
,
I
( :lO
;-
S.,
J xr ri
F
; l€

it +L
! 3ra.a
1
'I
-!z
o
o
t
6Pl-
,r
o
+-
o.
UT
70
)o
o,

E lo

a.,f .

o
ol e o.8 o,
Rdti" *
Khorlo's ?rsE*t rz Cury,:.-
 01 TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
i
Exam. Back
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING. Level BE FulI Marks 80
lF:l
Examination Control Division Programme BCE PassMarks 32
:!
2064 Kartik Year / Part tV/I Time 3 hrs.

:n'
Subject: - Irrigation Engineering
'/ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
./ Attempt any Five questtons.
./ Thefigures in the margin indicate Full Marlrs.
,/ Assume suitable data tf ndcessary.
1. a) Descnbe the various types of fall sb:uctures and their components with neat sketches. t8l
b) A sandy loam soil holds water at 140 mm/m depth beween FC and PWP. The crop has a root
depth of 30cm and CWR (Crop Water Requirement) equal to 5 mm/day. The cropping area is
equal to 60 ha in wliich allowable depletion of water is 35Yo and irrigation application
" efficiency equal to 40o/o. Determine: (i) Allowable depletion depth between irrigations (ii)
Frequency of irrigation (iii) Net application depth of water (iv) Volume of water required. t8l
2. a) Following corrected Q values were computed from Khosla's curves in a banage placed on
perrneable foundation. t8l
UiS sheet pile Qs1 100%,
= 0r, = 9Ooh, f,g1 = 850/0,
Intermediatepile 6ez =8002, $,2= 70Yo, q,g7= 65yo,
D/S sheet pile $s : 55o/o, $o, = 45ok, oca
: 0o%,

DiStance between the U/S and intermedjate piles is 20m and that between the intirmediate
and D/S piles is 40m. Assuming that the floor is horizontal throughout, draw the HGL for the
subsoil flow. If the net head is 10m, determine the thickness of D/S floor at a distance of 20m
and 30m away from the intermediate sheet pile. Assume G for the floor material equal to 2.2.
The symbols has usual meanings.
b) Derive an expression which determines spacing 'S' between subsurface tile drains capable of
lowering the water table at a depth of 'b' from the impervious layer. The centre of the drains
is located at height 'a' from the impervious layer and 'Qe] is the design flow per meter length
of drain. t8l
3. a) Design syphon of a syphon aqueduct for the following data: lL2l
Canal: Q:50m3/s; FSL = 201.80m; CBL = 200.00m; B:36m; z (side slope) = 1.5
Drainage: Q,"" = 450m3/s; IIFL = 200.50m; DBL = 198.00m; GL = 200.00m
Assume that the aqueduct will be made of RCC having flumed width of l8m. Assume other
data suitably, if necessary

b) Design a canal to carr,v a discharge of tr8 m3ls, using Lacey's theory. Take silt factor = 1.5
and side slope = 0.5: l. t4l
4. a) Determine the length and thickness of launching apron for the straight portion of a guide bund
in a river: Design flood = 5000 m /s; av. dia. of b'ed'material = lmm; HFL : 225.00m; River
bed level = 222.00m. t8l
b) Differentiate among, semitheoretical, Kennedy's, and Lacey's approaches of canal design. t8l
5. a) Why irrigation and drainage are necessary in the development of agi'iculnre? Discuss about
the suitability of irrigation methods in the different topography of Nepal. 14+4)
b) Describe various methods of aligning main carlaLryith appropriate sketches. Explain functions
of non-modular and semi-modutrar outlets witE neat sketches. [4+4]
6. Write short notes on four of the following: $xa)
a) Irrigation system planning
b) Stages of rivers and their meandering process
c) Specific design consideration for hilly irrigation canals
d) Problems of sprinklers
e) Considerations for local materials in designs
*"*
i'
01 TRIBHWAN UNIVERSITY Exam. Back
ip
i' INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level BE f,'ull Marks

Examination Control Division Programme BCE PassMarks 32

r 2065 Kartik Year i Part ry/r Time 3 hrs.

I
i
i:
Subiect:. trrigation Eneineerine
r
i
{ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
:
/ Attempt any rug.questions.
I
{ Thefigures tn the margin.indicate Full Marks.
. { Assume suitable data dnecessary.
i
i

;
l. a) Explain how will you justiff the economics of canal lining for the existing banal. t8I
: b) Describe with the he$ of a diagram various forms of soil moisture available to that
plant. t8l
2- a) What are the purposes of guide bunds? Explain with plan and sectional views at
critical locations design of components of guide bunds. [2+8]
b) Design a regime canal to carry adischarge of 90 cumecs. The average particle size of
bed and bank material of the canal is 0.2cm. t6I
3. a) Explain the importance of drainage system. What are differe,nt types of drainage
system adopted iir agricuttural land? t7I
b) Define canal outlet. What are the criteria for judging the performance of modules? tsl
c) Differentiate between silt exculder and silt extractor. t4l
4. Usiug Ktroslals theory (Analytically), calculate the uplift pressure perce,ntage d key
points and also mention the floor thickness required at the d/s floor of canal head
regulator as shown in figure below. ll6I
291
289
-:f_ 288
285
.f
282
=L .f- _r
281.5

l2m
5. a) Design a fall for a oanal having a discharge of 12 cumecs for t.he data given below.
Full supply level u/s and d/s :204 and,202.5
Bed level u/s and dls=202.5 and 201
Bed width u/s and d/s = 8m
Drop height: 1.5m
Side Slope of canal: l:l
:8
Blighls creep'coefficient
b) Define intensity of rffioo. 121-:
6. Write short notes on: l4x4l
a) Maintenance of irrigation system
b) Sub strrface irrigation
, c) Canal escape
d) Tlpes of spur.
,1. r. *
{1

01 TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY Exam.

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level BE
Examination Control Division Programme BCE PassMarks 32
2064 Jestha Year / Part ry/I Time 3 hrs.

Subject: - Irrigation Engineering

' '/ Candidates are required to give their answers in their ourn words as far as practicable.
' '/ Attempt any Five questions.
'/ Thefigures in the margin indicate Full Marks.
,/ Assume suttable data if necessary.

1. a) Explain different types of surface and subsurface irrigation methods [10]

b) With following data: t6l
: :
FC 80%, PWP = 350/0, root depth 60cm, soil density = 1.5gm/cc, ETc 5mm/day, :
:
application efficiency = 80Yo and RAM 70Yo AMC, where the abbreviations have
usual meanings.
i) Calculate available moisture contents
ii) Calculate readily available moisture contents
iii) Calculate depth of irrigation at the outlet of the field
iv) Calculate irrigation interval
2. a) Using Lacey's basic equation, establish a relationship between R, Q and f, where
symbols have usual meanings. t8l
b) Design a canal using Kennedy formulation with following data t8l
a :10 cumec, Manning roughness coeff,cient :0.0245, slope of bed 0.0002, m = 1

and side slope of canal 0.5:1 (H:V)

,
3. Canal Data: [16]
Discharge :20m3ls, Depth of water 1.5m and FSL:251.5m
Drainage data:
Discharge :200m3/s, HFL = 250.7m.Bed Level :248.5mand Ground level :250.0m
From above data, design following components of siphon aqueduct.

b) drainage watenvay
c) afflux and head losses through siphon barrel
d) uplift on drainage slab
4. *\ynte dor.vn the causes and effects of water logging. Also -exptfin methods of
reclamation of water logged area. t6l
b) Derive the expression for subsurface drainage spacing. t5]
c) Exflain different types of outlets used in irrigation projects. t5l
 5. a) Neatly sketch a guide bund and design the following components of a guide bund for
a river discharge of 4000m'/s and siit i'actor 1.1. High flood depth :
5 0m. l8l
i) length of guide bund

iii) width of launching apron

b) Explain different level of, planning in irrigation projects, also explain different types of
maintenance in irrigation projects. :
t8l
6. Calculate the uplift pressure at key points in figure shown below using Ktrosla Theory.
Check the exit gradient and thickness of the floor at A, B, C and D locations as shown in
fi.gure. The safe exit gradient is 0.15. [1 6]

10lm
+1
A

.5rn

20m
94.5m 93m

{.**

i.
 r'
{
g, OI TRIBHWANI.'NIVERSITY Exam. Resular / Back
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEbRING LeveI BE Full Marks ,80

Examihation Control Division Programme BCE Pass Marks 32

2063 Baishakh Year / Part ry/I Time 3 hrs.

'/ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as prdcticable.
/ Attempt any fbg.questions.
'/ Thefigures in the margin tndicate Full Marks.
,/ Assume su.itable data if necessary.

1. a) Describe about the components of head works with neat sketches. i8l
b) Determine the discharge at the end of the irrigation gtrannel. CCA-at outleJ:400 ha;
Intensity of irrigation for rabi : 65Yr; Intensity of irrigation for kharif * 3Ao/o; outtret
discharge factors for rabi : 1500 halcumec and for k:harif : 800 ha/cumec. Assume
losses in conveyance: 60/o of the outlet discharge. t8l
2. a) Make critical comparisons arnong semi-tireoretical approaches, Kennedy and Lacey's
approaches of canal design. l8l
b) Write down the steps for crop water requirement calculation. isl
c) Enlist the various tlpes of lining applied in irrigation canal. t3l
!.
3. a) VIhy river training is necessarf Describe the various methods of river control. tBl
b) Design the length and thickness of launching apron for the skaiglrt portion of a guide
bund in a river: t8l
Design flood:7000 m3/s
Average diameter of river bed material 1mm :
Riverbed level: 111.00; H!'1: 114,00
Provide aneat sketch of designed apron.
4. Using Ktrosla's method, obtain the residual seepage pressures at the 'key' points for the
weir profile shown below. Also calculate the value of the exit gradient. Consider the case
of no flow at pond level. Also draw the subsoil HGL. Ii6]

Ponrl Level 26Am

258.5m
L.2m
2:1 (H:
256m
1# :1 (H:V)

255m
3m 5m 2m
Ll.2m
250m I
I
2;
(Figure not to scale) I 0.5m
I
10.5m

248m
5. a) Design an aqueduct for the following data. Draw a neat sketch of designed aqueduct
showing all dimensions and pararnetcrs [12l
Canal: Q = 35 m3/s; FSL = 200.00; CBL = 198.5; B =22m; side slope 1.5:1
' Drainage: Q :350 m3/s; HFL = 196.5; DBL = 193.5i GL: 199.0; f (Lacey's): 1

Assume flumed width of canal : lZm and depth in transition: canal depth.
b) Hoq the betl load is controlled at head works? l4l
6. Wnte short notes on the.following Pxal
a) Drip and sprinkler methods of irrigation
b) Soils for agricultural purposes
c) Institutional aspects of irrigation system management
d) Design of drainage of irrigated land
***
 trc
,x

,{
lr,

: tFq

OI TRIBTIUVAN T.'NIVERSI'I'Y Exam. Bach

INSTITUT'E OF ENGINEERING tevel BE f,'ul[ IVIarks 80
Exaininlltion Control Division Programme BCE Pass Marks 32
2053 Ashwin Year / Part N tl Tinre 3 hrs.

'/ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
,/ Auempt any five questions.
,/ The/igures tn the margin indicate FuA Wtks. .
.
'/ Assume suitable data tf nec:essilry.

1- a) Explain following terms t8l

D GCA ii) ccA iii) NCA
iv) Cropping Intensity v) Cropping Pattern
b) Write down the steps for calculating irrigation requirement for rice crop. t4l
c) 'fhe fielcl capacity of soil is 4}Yo,permanent wilting point is Z}Yoidensity of soil is
1.2 gdcc, effective root clepth is 90cin, ET crop is 10 mmiday. Calculate the
irrigation interval if the reaclily available moisture is75Yo of available soil moishue
capacity- , ,
t4l
2- a) Write down the conc&pt of Keruredy and Lacey's Slit ttreory. t8l
b) Prsve that P : t,
4.75 (Q)o using Lacey's theory. t4)
c) Design a canal to cary a dischprge of 20 curnecs, using Lacey's theory. Take silt
factor = 1.5 and side slope is 0.5:1. t4l
sl 3. a) Enumerate conditions of application of C/D works with neat sketches. :
, 't6l
.

t4l
c) Explain the procedures for design of a fall structure. t6I
4. Calculate the uplift pressure at key points of two piles in figure lelow. Also'check the
thickness of the floor at A, B, C locations and exit gradient. The safe exit gradient is 0.2. u6I

Water
102

100
A B

95
.5
C
94
l0m
20rn
2Orn -
90
 '.tr.

5. a) What are the causbs and effects of water loggingl) Discuss various preventive
. mea$ues to control water logging problems.
il
t8l
b) Discuss design criteria of a guide bund showing neat plan views and sectional views
at critical,locations. t8l
6. Write short notes [4x4]
'

a) Types of Irrigation Method

b) Operation and Maintenance of Irrigation System
c) Modular and Non-modular Outlets
"
d) Structural Measures of Flood Conhol
, ***
g

O1/1.T4 TRIBHWAN IINIVEh.SITY Exam. RegularlBack

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level B.E Full Marks 80

Examination Control Division Programme BCE Pass illarks 32

2062 Baishakh Year / Part ry/I Time 3 hrs.

Subject: - Irrigation Engineering

'/ Candidates are required to give their answers in their oyn wgrds as far as practicable.
,/ Attempt any Five questions.
'/ Thefigures in the margtn.indtcate FalI Marks.
/ Assume suttable data tf necessary.

1. Design following components of a vertical fall [16]

a) crest level
bi crest width
c) cistem elements
d) floor length and floor thickness using Bligh's creep theory
With the data given below
a) full supply discharge = 1.0 m3ls
b) drop = l.0m
c) full supply depth = 0.75m
d) bed level U/S and D/S : 100m/99m
e) bed width :3.0m
0 Blights coefficient = 6.0
2. Check the thickness and exit gradient from Khosla theory. The safe exit gradient is 0.2. [1 6]

lSm

ItIl m

lfi] m l(I)m

?om

Sm 97.5 m

Om

3. a) Illustrate various form of soil moisture and,wfiiE down the factor affecting crop w'ater
requirement. [1 0]

b) Using Lacey's Regime equations, prove that i6l

3
R=1 ,,(+)
Where R = Sc-our depth, q: speciitc discharge, f : silt factor
 i

4. a) Write down the advantage and disadvantage of surface and sub surface irrigation. t4l
b) Establish a relationship between duty and delta. t4l
c) Calculate the discharge required at the outlet for wheat and rice crop'using following
data. t8l
Crop command area (Ha) kor period kor depth
Rice 5000 18 19
Wheat 3500 26 l5
5. a) Explain the causes and effects of water logging. Describe different methods of
reclamation of water logged areas. [4..4]
b) Define river training w'orks. Enumerate different methods of rivet' training works.
Explain the design of different components of a guide bank. f1+2+51
6. Write short notes on: [ xa]
a) Methods of flood control
b) Operation and maintenance of irrigation systems
c) Classification of irrigation outlets
d) Status of inigation development in Nepal
{.*{..
 ,ql TRIBHWAN UNIVERSITY Exam. Back
El
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERI}re Level BE Full Marks 80

Examination ontrol Division

C Programmc BCE Pass lUerks 32
2062 Kartik Year/Part ry/I Time 3 hrs.

Subjed: - Lrigation Engineering

'/ Candidates are required to gtve &eir answers in their own words as far as practicable.
'/ Attempt uy Five questions.
'/ Thefigures in the margin indicae FulI Marks.
./ Assume suitable data if necessty-
L a) Whar are the factors which must be determined drring the planning stage of a irrigation
project? t4l
b) Design a syphon-aqueductwidthe following ddta: Ii2]
Canal - discharge 30m3/x, bed width 23m; depth of water 1.7m; bed level 230.00; side
slope 1.5:1
Drainage - high flood discharge 800 m3/s; high flood level 231.25; bed level 227,60; general
ground level 230.00
Z. a) Compare Kennedy's and [:cey's silt theories. Wty Lacey's theory is superior. than
Kennedy's theory? l6l
b) Design a regime channel
{ lace-v's theory for 40 m3ls discharge and siit tactor 0.9. u0l
t8l
depth of root zone = 1.5m
present '*'arcr ;ontent - 5'/o
dry density ortoii=iooo kg-'
*ut"r uppii"d to the soil = 70(Em1
water loss due to evaporation = lAVo
area of tle plot: t hectare
b) Determine rhe lengh and thichoess of launching aprorr for the straight portion of a guide bund
in a river. i8l
design flood = 8,000 m3/s
av"rige diameter of river bed materiai -- lmm
river bed level = i25.00
highest flood level = 128.50
4. a) Derive an expression for balaocing depth in designing canal section. !st
b) Find the spacing of tile draim with following data: t8l
annuai rainfall = 900mm
drainage coefficient = 0.012
depth Jf impervious layer below GL = 9m
depth of tile drains belorv GL = l.5m
aepttr of trighest position ofwater table below GL = 1.2m

5. a) Why under sluice'is provided in head works? How cloes it work? t4l
tll
--b)Whatare.thesiltcontrollingdevices?Explainbriefly.
c) Follorving data were,observed in a canal fall: FSL of c,anal = 1 l5m; Bed level of canal = I 12m;
Bed widtl of canal = i5m; Design discharge:30 m3/s; Side slope of canal = 2:l: Length of
rectangular crest of the fall = tOm (Broad crested weir). Calculate the crest level of the fall. i8l
6. Write short notes on any four ofthe following: [axa]
a) outlets b) Safety against piping and uplift
c) Crop.'vater requirement d) Desigrr of lined canals
e) Inigation methods f) Operation and maintenance of in'igation systems
***

ffi