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Introduction

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ابن الزروق
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5 views

Introduction

Uploaded by

ابن الزروق
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Servers on the Internet

HTTP - HyperText Transport Protocol


FTP - File Transport Protocol
Gopher - Text and Menus
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
DNS - Distributed Name Service
telnet - log into a remote computer
Web services
- coming soon to a web server near you
HyperText Markup Language (HTML)

The markup language used to represent Web pages for viewing


by people
Designed to display data, not store/transfer data

Rendered and viewed in a Web browser

Can contain links to images, documents,


and other pages

Not extensible uses only tags specified by the standard

Derived from Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)

HTML 3.2, 4.01, XHTML 1.0


Internet Technologies
WWW Architecture

Client Client Browser

Request:
http://www.msn.com/default.asp

Network TCP/IP

Response:
<html>…</html>

Server Web Server


Address Resolution
A specific
optional port file request
number

http://www.dopl2.syr.edu[:80][/path/xyz.htm]

protocol
http, https, ftp, gopher, ... name of machine first level
to connect domain name,
a university

second level
domain name,
one specific university
HTTP Protocol

Client/Server, Request/Response architecture


You request a Web page
e.g. http://www.msn.com/default.asp
HTTP request
The Web server responds with data in the form of a Web
page
HTTP response
Web page is expressed as HTML
Pages are identified as a Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
Protocol: http
Web server: www.msn.com
Web page: default.asp
Can also provide parameters: ?name=Leon
Typical HTTP Transaction

Client browser finds a machine address from an internet Domain


Name Server (DNS).
Client and Server open TCP/IP socket connection.
Server waits for a request.
Browser sends a verb and an object:
GET XYZ.HTM or POST form
If there is an error server can send back an HTML-based
explanation.
Server applies headers to a returned HTML file and delivers to
browser.
Client and Server close connection.
It is possible for the client to request the connection stay open
requires design effort to do that.
Tracing HTTP Message with Tracert
Pinging Various URLs
Programming the Web

Client-Side Programming
JavaScript
Dynamic HTML
.Net controls

Server-Side Programming
ASP script
Server components
C# code-behind
ADO
Web controls used on ASPX pages
Web services
Web Processing Models

HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)


Universal access
– HTTP is a "request-response" protocol specifying that a client will open a
connection to server then send request using a very specific format. Server
will respond and then close connection.
HyperText Markup Language (HTML)
Web of linked documents
Unlimited scope of information content
Graphical Browser Client
Sophisticated rendering makes authoring simpler
HTML File Server
Using HTTP, Interprets request, provides appropriate response, usually a file
in HTML format
Three-Tier Model
Presentation, application logic, data access
Programming the Web
Client-Side Code

What is client-side code?


Software that is downloaded from Web server to browser
and then executes on the client

Why client-side code?


Better scalability: less work done on server
Better performance/user experience
Create UI constructs not inherent in HTML
Drop-down and pull-out menus
Tabbed dialogs
Cool effects, e.g. animation
Data validation
Programming the Web
Server-Side Code

What is server-side code?


Software that runs on the server, not the client
Receives input from
URL parameters
HTML form data
Cookies
HTTP headers
Can access server-side databases, e-mail servers, files,
mainframes, etc.
Dynamically builds a custom HTML response
for a client

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