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Truth Value and Truth Table

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56 views18 pages

Truth Value and Truth Table

Uploaded by

nylakashi5
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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TRUTH VALUE AND

TRUTH TABLE OF
STATEMENTS
Truth Value of a Simple Statement

We regard T for True and F for False as the possible Truth


Value of a statement.
Example:
p: George Washington was the first President of the United
States.
- Since this stamen is True, then its truth value is T (True)

q: The moon is made of green cheese.


- Since this statement is false, then its truth value is F (false).
Truth Value of
Compound Statements
If we have a compound statement with two components, p and
q, we have four possible pairs of truth values for these
statements, namely,
In table,
1. p true, q true
p q
2. p true, q false
T T
3. p false, q true
4. p false, q true T F
F T
F F
Truth Value of the Disjunction p or q (p ˅ q )
The disjunction p ˅ q is False only when both p and q are
false: otherwise, it is True.

p q p˅q
T T T
T F T
F T T
F F F
Truth Value of the Negation, ~p
~p is False whenever p is True, and
~p is True whenever p is False.

p ~p
T F
F T
Constructing Truth Table
Example 1: Construct the truth table for the
statement ~p ˅ q.

Answer:
p q ~p ~p ˅ q
T T F T
T F F F
F T T T
F F T T
Example 2: Construct the Truth Table of the compound
statement “I do not lie or I would tell you.” given the
following statements:
p: I lie. q: I would tell you.
Answer:
“I do not lie and I will not tell you.” in symbol is ~p ˄ ~q.
p q ~p ~q ~p ˄ ~q
T T F F F
T F F T F
F T T F F
F F T T T
Example 3: Construct the Truth Table for the statement
~(p ˄~q).

Answer: (breakdown the given statement)


p q ~q p ˄~q ~(p ˄~q)

T T F F T
T F T T F
F T F F T
F F T F T
Construct a truth value for the statement ~q ˄ (~p ˅ q)

Answer: (breakdown the given statement)

p q ~p ~q ~p ˅ q ~q ˄ (~p ˅ q)
T T
T F
F T
F F
Truth Value of Conditional Statement p → q
The conditional statement p → q (“if p, then q”) is False
only when p (antecedent) is true and q (consequent) is
false; otherwise, it is True.
p q p→q
T T T
T F F
F T T
F F T
Truth Value of Biconditional Statement p ↔ q
The biconditional statement p ↔ q (“p if and only if q”) is
True when and only when p and q have the same truth
value; otherwise, it’s false.

p q p↔q
T T T
T F F
F T F
F F T
Constructing Truth Table
Example 1: Construct the truth stable for each given
statement. p q r q˅r p →(q ˅ r)
1. p →(q ˅ r) T T T T T
T T F T T
T F T T T
T F F F T
F T T T F
F T F T F
F F T T F
F F F F T
Example 2: Construct the truth Table the statement
(~a) ∧ (b ↔ a)

Answer:
a b ~a b↔a (~a) ∧ (b ↔ a)
T T F T F
T F F F F
F T T F F
F F T T T
Example 3: Construct the truth Table the statement
~(m →n) ˅ m

Answer:

m n m →n ~(m →n) ~(m→n) ˅ m


T T T F T
T F F T T
F T T F F
F F T F F
Example 4: Construct the truth Table the statement
p → (~p ↔ q)

Answer:
p q ~p ~p ↔ q p → (~p ↔ q)

T T
T F
F T
F F
Activity 1
x: Dioxins are found almost everywhere.
y: Plastics, bleached paper, and most commodities contain the chemical
dioxin.
z: Dioxins are a culprit to many diseases.
Translate the following to symbols and vice versa.
1. (𝑥 → 𝑧) ↔~y 2. (~𝑦) → (~𝑥 ∧ ~𝑧)
3. “If dioxins are a culprit to many diseases, then they are found almost
everywhere and plastics, bleached paper, and most commodities contain this
chemical.”
4. “Dioxins are not found almost everywhere and it is not true that plastics,
bleached paper, and most commodities contain the chemical dioxin if and only
if dioxins are not the culprit to many diseases.”
Activity 2

Construct a truth table for the following


statements.
1. (~p → q) ↔ (p ˅ q)
2. ~q → ~(p ˄ ~q)

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