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Information Technology

Few Q&A on information Technology

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28 views26 pages

Information Technology

Few Q&A on information Technology

Uploaded by

Mr. Rakesh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 26

23)

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Two Frame Layout</title>
<style>
body {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
overflow: hidden;
}

#container {
display: flex;
}

#content {
width: 20%;
height: 100vh;
border-right: 1px solid #ccc;
overflow-y: auto;
}

#main {
flex: 1;
height: 100vh;
overflow-y: auto;
padding: 20px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="container">
<iframe id="content" name="content" src="content.html"></iframe>
<iframe id="main" name="main" src="default.html"></iframe>
</div>

<script>
// Assuming you have a list of links and their corresponding URLs
const links = [
{ text: 'Home', url: 'home.html' },
{ text: 'About', url: 'about.html' },
{ text: 'Contact', url: 'contact.html' }
// Add more links as needed
];
// Function to populate the content frame with links
function populateContentFrame() {
const contentFrame = document.getElementById('content');
const contentDocument = contentFrame.contentDocument;

if (contentDocument) {
const contentBody = contentDocument.body;
contentBody.innerHTML = '';

links.forEach(link => {
const anchor = contentDocument.createElement('a');
anchor.href = link.url;
anchor.target = 'main';
anchor.textContent = link.text;

const listItem = contentDocument.createElement('li');


listItem.appendChild(anchor);

contentBody.appendChild(listItem);
});
}
}

// Call the function to populate the content frame on page load


window.onload = populateContentFrame;
</script>
</body>
</html>
Assumptions:

1. This example assumes that you have HTML pages named `home.html`, `about.html`,
`contact.html`, etc., corresponding to the links in the `links` array.

2. The content of the left frame (`#content`) is populated dynamically using JavaScript.

3. The right frame (`#main`) is initially set to display a default page (`default.html`), and it will change
based on the links clicked in the left frame.

4. The layout is implemented using flexbox and some basic styles for demonstration purposes. Feel
free to customize the styles based on your design preferences.

25) JavaScript can be written within different sections of an HTML page. Here are the primary
sections where JavaScript can be included:

1. **Inline:** JavaScript code can be written directly within HTML elements using the `onclick`,
`onload`, or other event attributes.

Example:
```html
<button onclick="alert('Hello, World!')">Click me</button>
```

2. **Script Tags:** JavaScript code is commonly placed within `<script>` tags in the `<head>` or
`<body>` of the HTML document.

Example (inside `<head>`):


```html
<head>
<script>
function sayHello() {
alert('Hello, World!');
}
</script>
</head>
```

Example (inside `<body>`):


```html
<body>
<script>
console.log('This is a message in the console.');
</script>
</body>
```

3. **External JavaScript Files:** JavaScript code can also be written in separate `.js` files and linked to
the HTML document using the `<script>` tag's `src` attribute.

Example:
```html
<head>
<script src="script.js"></script>
</head>
```

Where `script.js` contains:


```javascript
// script.js
function greet(name) {
console.log(`Hello, ${name}!`);
}

greet('Alice');
```

26) <!DOCTYPE html>


<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Digital Clock</title>
<style>
body {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
height: 100vh;
margin: 0;
font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif;
background-color: #f4f4f4;
}

#clock {
font-size: 3em;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="clock"></div>

<script>
function updateClock() {
const clockElement = document.getElementById('clock');
const currentTime = new Date();

const hours = currentTime.getHours();


const minutes = currentTime.getMinutes();
const seconds = currentTime.getSeconds();

const formattedTime = formatTime(hours) + ':' + formatTime(minutes) + ':' +


formatTime(seconds);

clockElement.textContent = formattedTime;
}

function formatTime(time) {
return time < 10 ? '0' + time : time;
}

// Update the clock every second


setInterval(updateClock, 1000);

// Initial call to display the clock immediately


updateClock();
</script>
</body>
</html>
27) In web development, a "frame" refers to a feature that allows a web page to be divided into
multiple independent sections, each of which can load its own HTML document. Each of these
sections is called a frame, and they are often used in combination to create a framed layout.
However, frames have become outdated, and modern web development prefers alternative
approaches like using CSS for layout or employing frontend frameworks.
Here are some merits and demerits of using frames:
Merits of Frames:
1. Division of Content: Frames allow developers to divide a web page into distinct sections,
each displaying different content. This can be useful for organizing and presenting
information in a structured manner.
2. Independent Scrolling: Each frame can have its own scrollbar, allowing users to scroll
through content independently within each frame. This can be advantageous when dealing
with large amounts of data.
3. Code Reusability: Frames enable the reuse of HTML documents in different parts of a page.
This can be beneficial for websites that have common elements across multiple pages.
Demerits of Frames:
1. SEO Issues: Search engine optimization (SEO) can be negatively impacted by frames. Search
engines may find it difficult to index and rank individual pages within frames correctly,
leading to poor search engine performance.
2. Bookmarks and URLs: Frames can complicate bookmarking and sharing specific URLs. If
users bookmark a framed page, the bookmark might not capture the specific content in each
frame, leading to confusion.
3. Usability Challenges: Frames can cause usability issues, especially when it comes to
navigation. Users may experience difficulties in using browser features like the back button
and may find it confusing to interact with framed content.
4. Printing Problems: Printing framed pages can be problematic. Printing the entire framed
page may result in an incomplete or confusing printout, as individual frames may not be
printed as intended.
5. Accessibility Concerns: Frames may pose accessibility challenges for users with disabilities,
as screen readers and other assistive technologies may struggle to interpret and convey
information presented within frames.
6. Obsolete Technology: Frames are considered outdated, and their usage is discouraged in
modern web development. Instead, web developers use more responsive and flexible layout
techniques, such as CSS for styling and layout.
28) <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Background Color Changer</title>
<style>
body {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
height: 100vh;
margin: 0;
font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif;
}

button {
font-size: 1em;
padding: 10px;
margin: 5px;
cursor: pointer;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<button onclick="changeColor('red')">RED</button>
<button onclick="changeColor('green')">GREEN</button>
<button onclick="changeColor('blue')">BLUE</button>

<script>
function changeColor(color) {
document.body.style.backgroundColor = color;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
29) <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>HTML Page with Features</title>
<style>
body {
font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif;
margin: 20px;
}

nav {
margin-bottom: 20px;
}

table {
width: 100%;
border-collapse: collapse;
margin-bottom: 20px;
}
table, th, td {
border: 1px solid #ddd;
padding: 10px;
text-align: left;
}

form {
max-width: 400px;
}

input, select, textarea {


width: 100%;
padding: 8px;
margin: 5px 0;
box-sizing: border-box;
}

button {
background-color: #4CAF50;
color: white;
padding: 10px;
border: none;
cursor: pointer;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h1>HTML Page with Features</h1>

<!-- Hyperlink -->


<p><a href="https://www.example.com" target="_blank">Visit Example.com</a></p>

<!-- Navigation Buttons -->


<nav>
<button onclick="alert('Home button clicked')">Home</button>
<button onclick="alert('About button clicked')">About</button>
<button onclick="alert('Contact button clicked')">Contact</button>
</nav>

<!-- Table -->


<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Age</th>
<th>Email</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>John Doe</td>
<td>25</td>
<td>[email protected]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Jane Doe</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>[email protected]</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

<!-- Form -->


<form>
<label for="fname">First Name:</label>
<input type="text" id="fname" name="fname" required>

<label for="lname">Last Name:</label>


<input type="text" id="lname" name="lname" required>

<label for="email">Email:</label>
<input type="email" id="email" name="email" required>

<label for="message">Message:</label>
<textarea id="message" name="message" rows="4" required></textarea>

<button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>

</body>
</html>
30) Scripting, particularly with JavaScript, is crucial in web development for various reasons:

1. **Client-Side Interactivity:** JavaScript enables dynamic and responsive user interfaces without
requiring page reloads.

2. **DOM Manipulation:** It allows developers to dynamically modify the content, structure, and
style of web pages.

3. **Event Handling:** JavaScript is used to manage user interactions, such as button clicks and form
submissions.

4. **Asynchronous Operations:** JavaScript facilitates asynchronous programming, enabling non-


blocking operations like data fetching.
5. **Form Validation:** It helps in validating user input on the client side before submitting data to
the server.

6. **AJAX:** Asynchronous JavaScript and XML allow for asynchronous communication with servers,
improving user experience.

7. **Browser Compatibility:** JavaScript provides a standardized way to interact with the DOM,
addressing cross-browser compatibility issues.

8. **Dynamic Content Loading:** It allows for on-demand loading of content, improving initial page
load times.

9. **Animations and Effects:** JavaScript is essential for creating animations and visual effects on
web pages.

10. **Web Application Development:** JavaScript is fundamental for building complex web
applications using frameworks like React, Angular, and Vue.js. Overall, scripting enhances user
experience, enables interactivity, and supports the development of modern web applications.

32) CGI stands for Common Gateway Interface. It is a standard protocol that defines how web
servers communicate with external programs or scripts to generate dynamic content on web pages.
CGI allows a web server to execute a script or program in response to a user request and send the
output of that script back to the user's web browser.

Here's how CGI generally works:

1. **User Request:** When a user makes a request to a web server by clicking a link or submitting a
form, the web server receives the request.

2. **Web Server Processing:** The web server recognizes that the requested resource requires the
execution of a script or program, often based on the file extension (e.g., `.cgi`, `.pl`, or `.py`).

3. **CGI Execution:** The web server launches the specified CGI script or program, passing along
any necessary data from the user request, such as form input or URL parameters.

4. **Script Execution:** The CGI script or program processes the data and generates dynamic
content or performs other tasks, such as accessing databases or files.

5. **Output to Browser:** The script's output is sent back to the web server, which, in turn, sends it
to the user's browser as part of the HTTP response.

6. **Display in Browser:** The user's browser displays the dynamic content generated by the CGI
script.

33)
Typical Features of a Scripting Language:

1. Interpreted: Scripting languages are typically interpreted rather than compiled. Code is
executed line by line, allowing for easy debugging and flexibility.
Example: Python, JavaScript, Ruby.

2. Dynamic Typing: Variables are not explicitly typed, and their types can change during
runtime. This provides flexibility but may lead to runtime errors.

Example: Python, JavaScript, PHP.

3. Automatic Memory Management: Scripting languages often include garbage collection,


automatically handling memory allocation and deallocation.

Example: Python, Ruby, PHP.

4. High-Level Abstractions: Scripting languages abstract complex operations into simpler, high-
level commands, making coding more accessible.

Example: Python's list comprehensions, JavaScript's higher-order functions.

5. Ease of Learning: Scripting languages are designed to be easy to learn and use, with a focus
on simplicity and readability.

Example: Python, JavaScript.

6. Rapid Development: Scripting languages are well-suited for quick development cycles,
allowing developers to write, test, and iterate rapidly.

Example: Python, Ruby.

7. Built-in Libraries: Scripting languages often come with extensive libraries that simplify
common tasks, reducing the need for developers to write code from scratch.

Example: Python's standard library, JavaScript's Node.js ecosystem.

8. Platform Independence: Many scripting languages are designed to be platform-independent,


allowing code to run on different operating systems without modification.

Example: Python, Java (Java is both a compiled and scripting language).

Difference Between Markup Languages and Scripting Languages:

1. Purpose:

 Markup Languages: Markup languages are used to annotate text to define its
structure or presentation. HTML, XML, and Markdown are examples.

 Scripting Languages: Scripting languages are used to write scripts or programs that
automate tasks, control applications, or generate dynamic content. Examples include
Python, JavaScript, and Ruby.

2. Execution:

 Markup Languages: Markup languages are not executed. They provide a structure
for data but do not perform computations or actions.

 Scripting Languages: Scripting languages are executed. They contain executable code
that performs specific tasks or operations.

3. Examples:
 Markup Languages: HTML, XML, Markdown.

 Scripting Languages: Python, JavaScript, Ruby.

4. Typical Use Cases:

 Markup Languages: Used for structuring and presenting content on the web,
creating documents, or defining data formats.

 Scripting Languages: Used for automation, web development, server-side scripting,


and other tasks requiring dynamic behavior.

5. Content vs. Behavior:

 Markup Languages: Focus on content structure and presentation.

 Scripting Languages: Focus on defining behavior, logic, and functionality.


34) <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Greeting Generator</title>
<script>
function generateGreeting() {
// Prompt user for name using confirm box
var userName = prompt("Please enter your name:");

if (userName) {
// Get the selected gender
var gender = document.querySelector('input[name="gender"]:checked').value;

// Generate greeting based on gender


var greeting = (gender === 'male') ? 'Mr.' : 'Mrs.';

// Display the personalized greeting


alert('Hello, ' + greeting + ' ' + userName + '!');
} else {
alert('You did not enter a name. Please try again.');
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>

<h1>Greeting Generator</h1>

<form>
<label for="male">Male</label>
<input type="radio" id="male" name="gender" value="male">
<label for="female">Female</label>
<input type="radio" id="female" name="gender" value="female">

<button type="button" onclick="generateGreeting()">Generate Greeting</button>


</form>

</body>
</html>
35)
Differentiation among Static, Dynamic, and Active Web Pages:

1. Static Web Pages:


 Definition: Static web pages remain the same until someone manually changes the
code or updates the file.
 Characteristics:
 Content is fixed and doesn't change automatically.
 Displays the same information to all users.
 Content is predefined and doesn't adapt to user interactions.
 Example: Traditional HTML pages without server-side processing, such as simple
informational websites.
2. Dynamic Web Pages:
 Definition: Dynamic web pages can change content in real-time based on user
interactions or external factors.
 Characteristics:
 Content can be generated on the server or client side.
 User interactions trigger content updates.
 Often involves server-side technologies or client-side scripting.
 Example: Social media feeds that update without a page refresh, online shopping
carts that dynamically update item counts.
3. Active Web Pages:
 Definition: Active web pages take user interactions a step further by allowing users
to directly interact with the content or manipulate it actively.
 Characteristics:
 Involves user input and often requires user authentication.
 Enables direct manipulation of content or data.
 May involve complex client-side scripts or interactive components.
 Example: Web applications with interactive features, such as online forms, games, or
collaborative tools.

Functions of META Tag in HTML:


The <meta> tag in HTML is used to provide metadata or additional information about a web page.
Here are some important functions of the <meta> tag:
1. Document Character Set:
 Example:
htmlCopy code
<meta charset="UTF-8">
 Function: Specifies the character encoding for the HTML document. The example
sets the character set to UTF-8.
2. Viewport Configuration (for Responsive Design):
 Example:
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
 Function: Configures the viewport properties for better responsiveness on different
devices.
3. Page Description (for Search Engines):
 Example:
<meta name="description" content="This is a sample page description.">
 Function: Provides a brief description of the page content. This description is often
used by search engines.
4. Keywords (for Search Engines):
 Example:
<meta name="keywords" content="web development, HTML, CSS, JavaScript">
 Function: Specifies keywords related to the content of the page. Previously used for
SEO, it's less impactful today.
5. Authorship Information:
 Example:
<meta name="author" content="John Doe">
 Function: Indicates the author of the web page.
6. Refresh Meta Tag:
 Example:
<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="5;url=https://example.com">
 Function: Redirects or refreshes the page after a specified time interval (here, 5
seconds).
7. Prevent Page Indexing:
 Example:
<meta name="robots" content="noindex, nofollow">
 Function: Directs search engines not to index the page or follow its links.
36)
Image Swapping using HTML/JavaScript:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Image Swapping</title>
<style>
img {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
transition: transform 0.3s ease-in-out;
}

img:hover {
transform: scale(1.2);
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Image Swapping Example</h1>

<img id="firstImage" src="firstImage.jpg" onmouseover="swapImage()"


onmouseout="restoreImage()" alt="First Image">

<script>
function swapImage() {
document.getElementById("firstImage").src = "secondImage.jpg";
}

function restoreImage() {
document.getElementById("firstImage").src = "firstImage.jpg";
}
</script>

</body>
</html>
Table with Merged Cells:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Table with Merged Cells</title>
<style>
table, th, td {
border: 1px solid black;
border-collapse: collapse;
}

th, td {
padding: 10px;
text-align: center;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h1>Table with Merged Cells</h1>

<table>
<tr>
<th colspan="3">Merged Cells</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Row 2, Cell 1</td>
<td>Row 2, Cell 2</td>
<td>Row 2, Cell 3</td>
</tr>
</table>

</body>
</html>

37) <!DOCTYPE html>


<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Registration Form</title>
<style>
body {
font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif;
text-align: center;
padding: 20px;
}

form {
max-width: 400px;
margin: 0 auto;
}

label {
display: block;
margin-bottom: 5px;
text-align: left;
}

input, select {
width: 100%;
padding: 8px;
margin: 5px 0;
box-sizing: border-box;
}

input[type="radio"], input[type="checkbox"] {
margin-right: 5px;
}

button {
background-color: #4CAF50;
color: white;
padding: 10px;
border: none;
cursor: pointer;
}

button[type="reset"] {
background-color: #f44336;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h1>Registration Form</h1>

<form>
<label for="firstName">First Name:</label>
<input type="text" id="firstName" name="firstName" required>

<label for="lastName">Last Name:</label>


<input type="text" id="lastName" name="lastName" required>

<label for="email">E-mail ID:</label>


<input type="email" id="email" name="email" required>

<label>Gender:</label>
<label><input type="radio" name="gender" value="male"> Male</label>
<label><input type="radio" name="gender" value="female"> Female</label>

<label>Hobbies:</label>
<label><input type="checkbox" name="hobbies" value="reading"> Reading</label>
<label><input type="checkbox" name="hobbies" value="music"> Music</label>
<label><input type="checkbox" name="hobbies" value="sports"> Sports</label>

<button type="submit">Submit</button>
<button type="reset">Reset</button>
</form>

</body>
</html>

38)<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Name Validation</title>
<style>
body {
font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif;
text-align: center;
padding: 20px;
}

#result {
font-weight: bold;
color: red;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h1>Name Validation</h1>

<label for="name">Enter Your Name:</label>


<input type="text" id="name" placeholder="Your Name">
<button onclick="submitForm()">Submit</button>

<div id="result"></div>

<script>
function submitForm() {
// Get the value from the name input field
var name = document.getElementById('name').value;

// Check if the name field is empty


if (name.trim() === '') {
alert('Your name field is empty. Please enter your name.');
} else if (name.length > 10) {
alert('Please enter your name properly. It should not exceed 10 characters.');
} else {
// Display the name in capital, bold, and red color
var resultElement = document.getElementById('result');
resultElement.innerHTML = 'Your Name: <span style="text-transform: uppercase;">' + name
+ '</span>';
}
}
</script>

</body>
</html>

39) Advantages of Static Web Pages:

1. Simplicity: Static web pages are easy to create and do not require advanced programming
skills. They are straightforward and consist of plain HTML with minimal complexity.

2. Cost-Effective: Hosting and serving static web pages is often less expensive than dynamic
pages since there is no need for server-side processing or databases.
3. Speed: Static pages are generally faster to load because they do not involve server-side
processing or database queries. This results in quicker page rendering and a better user
experience.

4. Security: Static websites are less vulnerable to security threats compared to dynamic
websites. With no server-side processing, there are fewer opportunities for potential
vulnerabilities.

5. Reliability: Since static pages are not dependent on databases or server-side scripting
languages, they are more reliable and have better uptime.

6. Hosting Flexibility: Static pages can be hosted on a variety of platforms, including simple web
hosting services, Content Delivery Networks (CDNs), or even cloud storage.

7. Easy Caching: Static pages can be easily cached by web browsers and content delivery
networks, leading to improved performance and reduced server load.

8. SEO-Friendly: Search engines can easily crawl and index static pages, leading to better search
engine optimization (SEO) potential.

Limitations of Static Web Pages:

1. Limited Interactivity: Static pages lack interactivity since they do not support server-side
processing or client-side scripting. User interactions are limited to hyperlinks.

2. Content Updates: Updating content on static pages can be cumbersome, especially for large
websites, as each page needs to be modified individually.

3. Scalability Issues: For large websites with a considerable amount of content, managing and
updating individual static pages becomes impractical and time-consuming.

4. Dynamic Content: Static pages cannot generate content on the fly based on user input or
real-time data. They are static, meaning the content remains the same until manually
updated.

5. Limited Functionality: Complex functionalities, such as user authentication, personalized


content, or real-time interactions, are not achievable with static pages alone.

6. Maintenance Challenges: As the size of a website grows, maintaining and updating static
pages may become challenging, leading to potential inconsistencies.

7. Server Load: Without server-side processing, the burden of page rendering falls entirely on
the client's browser, which may impact performance for resource-intensive tasks.

8. E-commerce Limitations: Static pages are not suitable for e-commerce sites or applications
that require dynamic content updates, user accounts, and complex transactions.

40) <!DOCTYPE html>


<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Result Viewer</title>
<style>
body {
font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif;
text-align: center;
padding: 20px;
}

label {
display: block;
margin-bottom: 5px;
text-align: left;
}

input {
width: 100%;
padding: 8px;
margin: 5px 0;
box-sizing: border-box;
}

button {
background-color: #4CAF50;
color: white;
padding: 10px;
border: none;
cursor: pointer;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h1>Result Viewer</h1>

<form>
<label for="year">Year:</label>
<input type="text" id="year" name="year" placeholder="Enter Year" required>

<label for="semester">Semester:</label>
<input type="text" id="semester" name="semester" placeholder="Enter Semester" required>

<label for="rollNo">Roll Number:</label>


<input type="text" id="rollNo" name="rollNo" placeholder="Enter Roll Number" required>

<button type="button" onclick="viewResult()">View Result</button>


</form>

<div id="result"></div>

<script>
function viewResult() {
var year = document.getElementById('year').value;
var semester = document.getElementById('semester').value;
var rollNo = document.getElementById('rollNo').value;

// Perform logic to fetch and display the result based on input values
// For example, you might make an AJAX request to a server to fetch the result data
// and then display it in the 'result' div.

// For illustration, let's assume a simple message is displayed here


var resultElement = document.getElementById('result');
resultElement.innerHTML = `Result for Year ${year}, Semester ${semester}, Roll Number $
{rollNo} is: Passed`;
}
</script>

</body>
</html>

41) To divide the browser window into three frames row-wise with the specified percentages, you
can use the <frameset> tag with nested <frame> tags. Here's an example:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Frameset Example</title>
</head>
<frameset rows="20%, 80%">
<frame src="frame1.html" name="frame1" scrolling="auto">
<frameset cols="30%, 70%">
<frame src="frame2.html" name="frame2" scrolling="auto">
<frame src="frame3.html" name="frame3" scrolling="auto">
</frameset>
</frameset>
</html>
In this example:

The <frameset> tag is used with the rows attribute set to "20%, 80%" to create two rows with the
specified height percentages.

Inside the second row, another <frameset> tag is used with the cols attribute set to "30%, 70%" to
create two columns with the specified width percentages.

<frame> tags are used to specify the content (HTML file) for each frame, and the name attribute is
set to provide a target for links or form submissions.
42) <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Popup Window Example</title>
<style>
body {
font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif;
text-align: center;
padding: 20px;
}

button {
padding: 10px;
font-size: 16px;
cursor: pointer;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h1>Popup Window Example</h1>

<button onclick="openPopup()">Open Popup</button>

<script>
function openPopup() {
// Specify the URL or content for the popup window
var popupContent = '<h2>Hello, this is a popup!</h2>';

// Open a new popup window with specified content and features


var popupWindow = window.open('', 'PopupWindow', 'width=400, height=300');

// Write content to the popup window


popupWindow.document.write(popupContent);
}
</script>

</body>
</html>
In this example:
 There's a button with the text "Open Popup."
 The openPopup function is called when the button is clicked.
 The function uses window.open to open a new popup window. You can specify the URL or
content for the popup window.
 The features for the popup window (width, height) are defined in the third parameter of
window.open.
 The content to be displayed in the popup window is written using
popupWindow.document.write. Note that this is a simple example, and in a real-world
scenario, you might load content dynamically or from an external source.
43) <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Form Validation</title>
<style>
body {
font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif;
text-align: center;
padding: 20px;
}

label {
display: block;
margin-bottom: 5px;
text-align: left;
}

input {
width: 100%;
padding: 8px;
margin: 5px 0;
box-sizing: border-box;
}

button {
background-color: #4CAF50;
color: white;
padding: 10px;
border: none;
cursor: pointer;
}

#validationMessage {
color: red;
font-weight: bold;
margin-top: 10px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h1>Form Validation</h1>
<form onsubmit="return validateForm()">
<label for="username">Username:</label>
<input type="text" id="username" name="username" placeholder="Enter Username" required>

<label for="password">Password:</label>
<input type="password" id="password" name="password" placeholder="Enter Password"
required>

<label for="mobile">Mobile Number:</label>


<input type="text" id="mobile" name="mobile" placeholder="Enter Mobile Number" required>

<button type="submit">Submit</button>

<div id="validationMessage"></div>
</form>

<script>
function validateForm() {
var username = document.getElementById('username').value;
var password = document.getElementById('password').value;
var mobile = document.getElementById('mobile').value;

// Validate username (not consisting of only numbers)


if (/^\d+$/.test(username)) {
displayValidationMessage('Username should not consist of only numbers.');
return false;
}

// Validate password (6 alphanumeric characters)


if (!/^[0-9a-zA-Z]{6}$/.test(password)) {
displayValidationMessage('Password should be 6 alphanumeric characters.');
return false;
}

// Validate mobile number (10 digits)


if (!/^\d{10}$/.test(mobile)) {
displayValidationMessage('Mobile number should be 10 digits.');
return false;
}

// If all validations pass, clear any previous validation message


displayValidationMessage('');

// You can perform additional actions here if needed

return true; // Allow the form to be submitted


}
function displayValidationMessage(message) {
document.getElementById('validationMessage').innerText = message;
}
</script>

</body>
</html>
44) What are the problems encountered when we try to implement an e-commerce using static
web pages?

Implementing an e-commerce website with static web pages presents challenges such as limited
interactivity, scalability issues, and difficulties in handling dynamic content updates. Transaction
processing, user authentication, and effective search functionality become complex without server-
side capabilities. Performance and SEO may be compromised, and maintenance becomes
cumbersome as the site expands. Responsive design and consistent branding pose additional
challenges. Modern e-commerce sites overcome these limitations by using dynamic technologies,
server-side processing, and content management systems like Magento, WooCommerce, and Shopify
to ensure scalability, interactivity, and efficient content management.

45) <!DOCTYPE html>


<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Registration Form</title>
<style>
body {
font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif;
text-align: center;
padding: 20px;
}

label {
display: block;
margin-bottom: 5px;
text-align: left;
}

input {
width: 100%;
padding: 8px;
margin: 5px 0;
box-sizing: border-box;
}

button {
background-color: #4CAF50;
color: white;
padding: 10px;
border: none;
cursor: pointer;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h1>Registration Form</h1>

<form onsubmit="return validateForm()">


<label for="name">Name:</label>
<input type="text" id="name" name="name" placeholder="Enter your name" required>

<label for="age">Age:</label>
<input type="text" id="age" name="age" placeholder="Enter your age" required>

<label for="address">Address:</label>
<input type="text" id="address" name="address" placeholder="Enter your address" required>

<button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>

<script>
function validateForm() {
var name = document.getElementById('name').value;
var age = document.getElementById('age').value;
var address = document.getElementById('address').value;

if (name.trim() === '') {


alert('Please enter your name.');
return false;
}

if (age.trim() === '') {


alert('Please enter your age.');
return false;
}

if (address.trim() === '') {


alert('Please enter your address.');
return false;
}

// If all fields are filled, allow the form to be submitted


return true;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

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