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Telecom Assignment 2

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Emmanuel Bongay
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24 views

Telecom Assignment 2

Uploaded by

Emmanuel Bongay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name – Adama I S Konteh

Module – Telecommunication
Email – favouradakonteh.com
ID Number – 787

Assignment 1. Different between TCP and UDP

Transmission Control Protocol(TCP) User Datagram Protocol(UDP)

1) TCP is a connection-based protocol. It UDP is connectionless. It does not


establishes a connection between the establish or maintain any connection and
sender and receiver before exchanging sends data as independent packets.
data and maintains it until
communication is complete.

2) It ensures that ever packet is delivered It does not arrange or reassemble any
to the destination and retransmits any packet and does not adjust or limit the rate
lost or corrupted packets. of data transmission.

3) TCP is more reliable. It has more UDP is less reliable. It has less overhead as
overhead and requires more it requires less information and processing
information and processing to ensure to enable fast and simple transmission.
reliability and ordering.

4) TCP transfers data more slowly UDP transfer data more quickly
Assignment 2. Different between application layer and session layer

The application layer and session layer are two distinct layers in the OSI model
for telecommunications.

1. Application Layer:

- Function: It provides network services directly to end-users or applications.


This is the layer where communication partners interact with the network.

- Responsibilities: It deals with high-level protocols such as HTTP, SMTP,


FTP, etc., enabling communication between software applications.

- Examples: Web browsers, email clients, and file transfer programs operate at
this layer.

2. Session Layer:

- Function: It manages sessions or connections between applications. Its


primary role is to establish, maintain, and terminate communication sessions.

- Responsibilities: Handles session setup, maintenance, and termination. It


also provides services like dialog control, synchronization, and data exchange.

- Examples: NetBIOS (Network Basic Input/output System) is an example of


a session layer protocol.

In summary, while the application layer focuses on providing communication


services to end-users or applications, the session layer is responsible for
managing and controlling the sessions between these applications.
Assignment 3. Definition of wavelengths division multiplexing and space
division multiplexing

-Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) is a technology that combines


multiple optical signals on a single optical fiber by using different wavelengths
or colours of light. Each wavelength represents an independent channel,
allowing simultaneous transmission of multiple data streams.

Illustrative Example:

Imagine you have a fiber optic cable capable of carrying light at different
wavelengths. In WDM, you can use specific wavelengths to transmit different
data streams concurrently. For instance, one wavelength might carry data for
internet services, while another wavelength carries data for television
broadcasts. This simultaneous transmission of various wavelengths optimizes
the utilization of the fiber optic cable, enhancing overall data capacity and
efficiency in communication networks.

-Space division multiplexing (SDM) is a technique used in telecommunications


to transmit multiple independent data streams simultaneously within the same
physical medium, such as a fiber optic cable or wireless communication
channel. It involves dividing the spatial domain into distinct paths or channels
to achieve parallel data transmission.

For example, in fiber optic communication, a single optical fiber can be divided
into multiple cores, each serving as an independent channel. Each core can carry
its own data stream, allowing for increased data capacity. This is particularly
useful in scenarios where traditional methods like time division or frequency
division multiplexing may be limited.

Imagine a fiber optic cable with multiple cores: Core 1 for one data stream,
Core 2 for another, and so on. These cores act as separate communication
channels, enabling the simultaneous transmission of multiple data streams
without interference. SDM is valuable for enhancing data throughput and
overall communication efficiency in modern telecommunications systems.

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