Volume 9, Issue 6, June – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24JUN1211

Design and Analysis of Structural

Members of the Jib Crane
BTJ Pathirathna
Mechanical Engineer, National Water Supply & Drainage Board
Colombo, Sri Lanka

Abstract:- This study has been undertaken to investigate calculated accordingly, buckling and verticality of the mast
and estimate design needs and propose optimum solution has also been considered. Finally welded and bolt joint
for lifting facility, and detailed calculation for lifting competence calculation was performed while power
facility at Water Treatment Plant. Prior to decide requirement for hoisting and travelling were also calculated.
optimum solution for the problem, evaluation of design
concept has been done through various steps. Function IV. MATERIAL, METHOD AND CALCULATION
decomposition and identification of individual function of
the each subsystem, internal and external search for Design parameters as indicated in table Ⅰ, when selected
creating solution domain, next, best optimum solution has the structural members, following parameters have been taken
been selected via logical approach which was pairwise into consideration.
comparison and weighted decision matrix, and detailed
calculation is performed as final step of the research. Table 1 Design Parameters
Maximum Lifting Height 𝐻𝐿 7m
Keywords:- Jib Crane, Payload, Tensile Strength, BS Jib Crane Total Column Height 𝐻𝑐 3m
Standards. Jib Crane Boom Length 𝐻𝑠 3.1m
Slewing Angle 𝛼𝑆𝑙𝑒𝑤 180°
I. INTRODUCTION
 Section of mast and boom
Lifting facility availability is essential for the routine and
breakdown maintenance work at pumps station, without
having proper lifting facility; stakeholders face difficulties,
consequently, safety issues also shall be raised during the
maintenance work. Boom and mast are the major structural
members of the jib crane, with this study; detailed calculation
is conducted for performing proof-of-competence
determinations of the steel structures of cranes in term of
material selection, requirements, methods, and parameter
values. [1]

II. KEY TECHNICAL FEATURES OF

THE JIB CRANE

 Lifting and Lowering Movement of Payload

Lifting, lowering of the load should be electric powered Table 2 Specification of the Mast
hoist unit that can handle maximum load approximately 1.5 Mass per meter 72.3 kg/m
Ton and maximum lifting height is 7m. Area of section (A) 92.1 cm²
Second moment of inertia (I) 5340 cm⁴
 Trasverse Movement of Payload Height of the mast 4.25m
Transverse movement approximately 15m distance Base plate size 600×600
along one axis with bi-directional movement by considering Material S275
area where lifting facility should access.
Table 3 Specification of the Boom
III. METHODOLOGY Mass per meter 31.1 kg/m
Area of section (A) 39.7 cm²
Extracted deign parameters for the jib crane and loads moment of inertia(I)-Y-Y axis(2nd) 4410 cm⁴
acting on the structural members were evaluated, next, Length of the mast 3.1m
possible load combinations also estimated to obtain maximum
Material S275
loads and bending moments. Then, critical section of the
boom and mast was determined, design stresses have been

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Volume 9, Issue 6, June – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24JUN1211

Dead weight, unrestrained grounded load, sudden release Proof for structural, boom according to the BS ISO
of the loads, tilted loads were taken into account for the jib 20332:2016 [3]
crane according to the ISO 8686-1:2012 E [2], and calculated
load combination using limit state method, maximum forces 𝜎max ②−② ≤ Tensile stress of the material (6)
acting along X, Y and Z direction of the coordinate system
were 0.855kN. 0.855kN and 17.78kN respectively as 𝜏max ②−② ≤ Shear stress of the material (7)
indicated in the Figure 1,
Deflection of the boom was calculated to check whether
 Analysis of Structural Member-Boom boom is in order to accept the structural member according to
standards;

𝑞𝐿4
𝛿𝐵1 = , 𝛿𝐵1 = 0.07 𝑚𝑚 (8)
8𝐸𝐼

At the end of beam, maximum deflection due to weight

of the load and hoist;

𝐹𝐿3
𝛿𝐵2 = , 𝛿𝐵2 = 2.45 𝑚𝑚 (9)
3𝐸𝐼

The maximum deflection of the beam produced by the

dead weight and weight of the trolley and rated load shall not
exceed 1/600 of the span of the crane as per the IS 807-2006
[4], therefore, deflection limit is satisfied.

 Analysis of Structural Member-Mast

Fig 1 Free Body Diagram of Section 2 of the Boom

Free body diagram of the boom expressed possible force

and moments acting on the boom, all forces acting along X,
Y, and Z obtained from equation of equilibrium, bending
moments were calculated accordingly.

Bending moment around x, y and z axis,

𝑀𝑥2−2 , 𝑀𝑦2−2 = 0, 𝑀𝑧2−2 = 2.65 𝑘𝑁𝑚 (1)

Normal stress calculated as follows

𝑃
𝜎 = 𝐴 = 24.899 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (2)

Maximum normal stress due to 𝑀𝑧2−2 ;

𝑀𝑧2−2𝐶𝑦
𝜎𝑧−𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝐼𝑧
= 4.32 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (3)
Fig 2 Free Body Diagram of Section 6 of the Mast
By inspection the normal stress at section ②-②;
For the mast, forces and bending moments were
𝜎max ②−② = 29.219 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (4)
calculated using free body diagram, possible highest
compressive stress and shear stress were calculated using
equation (1), (2), (3) and (5) proof calculation performed as
Calculating shear stress at section ②-②; per the condition (6) and (7) to verify competence of the
𝑉𝑄 structural member.
𝜏2−2 = , 𝜏2−2 = 27.7 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (5)
𝐼𝑡

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Volume 9, Issue 6, June – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24JUN1211

Following design parameters have been calculated and

listed below.

Table 4 Calculated Parameters for Mast

Parameter Value
(𝐹𝑥6−6), (𝐹𝑦6−6), (𝐹𝑧6−6) 0.86 kN, 0.86 kN, 21.73 kN
𝑀𝑥6−6 , 𝑀𝑦6−6 , 𝑀𝑧6−6 2.565 kNm, 52.55 kNm, 0 kNm
𝜎, 𝜎𝑥−𝑚𝑎𝑥 , 𝜎𝑦−𝑚𝑎𝑥 2.36 MPa, 4.8 MPa, 98.4 MPa
𝜎max ⑥−⑥ 105.56 MPa
𝜏max ⑥−⑥ 0.3 MPa

Buckling of the mast, proof of stability calculation was

performed to verify stability of the structural member in order
to withstand the rated load.

Critical buckling load of the mast and slenderness are

calculated by the equation (11), (12), as in [3, Table 12.];

𝜋 2𝐸𝐼
𝑁𝑘 = 4𝐿2
(10)

Calculated value for the critical buckling load and

slenderness of the mast are 1533.1 kN and 1.26 respectively.

Limit design compressive force, as in [3, eq. 47, eq. 46]; Fig 3 Diagram of Eccentric Loading to the Mast and the
Boom
𝑓𝑦𝐴
𝜆=√ (11)
𝑁𝑘
Calculating eccentricity of the load;
𝐾𝑓𝑦 𝐴
𝑁𝑅𝑑 = (12) 17.78 𝒌𝑵 ×3.1 𝒎 +0.94 𝒌𝑵 ×1.55 𝒎 +3.01 𝒌𝑵 ×0 𝒎
𝛾𝑚 𝑒= = 2.6 𝑚 (16)
17.78 𝒌𝑵 +0.94 𝒌𝑵 +3.01 𝒌𝑵

Calculated limit design compressive force as per

Using equation (15),
equation (12) equal to 1082 kN.
𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2.5 𝑚𝑚 (17)
Proof for elastic stability, following condition shall be
satisfied according to BS ISO 20332:2016[3];
Maximum deflection of the mast due to horizontal force
𝑁𝑘 acting on the mast can be calculated by the using following
𝑁𝑅𝑑 ≤ 1.2 𝛾𝑚
(13) formula;

1082 𝑘𝑁 ≤ 1161.44 𝑘𝑁 (14) Total maximum deflection of the mast, using (17), (18);

𝑃𝐿3
Therefore, mast elastic stability is satisfied as per BS ISO 𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = 0.7 𝑚𝑚 (18)
3𝐸𝐼
20332:2016.
(𝑣max ) + 𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 3.2 𝑚𝑚 (19)
Evaluating verticality of the mast due to buckling and
horizontal loads, secant formula, as in [5, eq. 13-16]; The maximum deflection of the column produced by the
horizontal and vertical load shall not exceed 1/600 of the span
𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑒 [𝑠𝑒𝑐 (√
𝑃 𝐿
) − 1] (15) of the crane as per the IS 807-2006.
𝐸𝐼 2

(𝑣max ) + 𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 ≤ 𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 (20)

Therefore, deflection limit is satisfied.

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Volume 9, Issue 6, June – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24JUN1211

V. CONCLUSION [16]. Gerdemeli I., K. Kurt S., Tasdemir B. “Design and

analysis withfinite element method of jib crane”,
Structural members, boom and mast have been subjected Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Istanbul Technical
to essential analysis according to its behavior; payload and its University, Turkey.
predictive and un-predictive actions have also been [17]. Chirag A. Vakani, Shivang S. Jani “ Analysis and
considered to the load calculation. Considering all of them, Optimization of 270° Jib Crane Deflection”,
boom and mast were analyzed capabilities to withstand under International Journal for Scientific Research &
pre described conditions. Development, Vol. 2, Issue 10, 2014, ISSN
(online):2321-0613
It was concluded, with supporting rope arrangement; [18]. Ajinkya Karpe, Sainath Karpe, AjaykumarChawrai
boom sectional dimensions can be taken to optimum level “validation of use of fem (ansys) for structural
using supporting rope wire rather than using large heavy analysis of tower crane jib and static and dynamic
sections for the said structural member. analysis of tower crane jib using ansys”, International
Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced
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