Baral, Charlene Anne C.

• Mercantile interest divest cost of protecting their own

BSC - 2204 enterprises
• Antagonized social tension in community
LEA 103: Comparative Model of Policing - Inequality increasing rapidly
- Exploitation of workers (long work hours)
o Dangerous working conditions
UNIT IV: SELECTED POLICE MODELS
o Low pay
COUNTRY 1: USA POLICING
Rioting: primitive form of union strikes of exploited
workers from employers
U.S. POLICE DEPARTMENT
• Use force in order to maintain order
History of Policing in Unites States
Dangerous Classes: composed of public drunkenness,
Night watch & Day Watch
crime, hooliganism, political protests, biologically inferior,
• Policing took 2 forms the watch and the big stick
morally intemperate, unskilled, uneducated underclass.
• Watch system was composed of community
volunteers whose primary duty was to warn • Primarily poor, foreigners, and blacks
impending danger • Isolation of dangerous classes as embodiment of
crime problems created focus crime control
Creation of Night watch
1636 Boston Focus Crime Control: directed towards “bad” individuals
1658 New York rather than social and economic conditions.
1700 Philadelphia
• Night watch is not effective crime control • Became focus as crime-producing qualities which
- Watchmen often sleep/drank during duty emphasize the need for preventive crime control.
- Although voluntary, most of the watchmen evade • Police presence & use of force prevented the
military service, forced to service town commission of crimes before it started
- Performing watch as punishment • Police patrol is a preventive control mechanism
routinized the insertion of police to daily lives.
Establishment of Day watch
1833 Philadelphia Early American Police Departments
1844 New York • Known to be notoriously corrupt and flagrantly brutal
• Police under control of politicians
• Local political party ward leader appoints police
System of Constables
executive in charge of the ward leader’s
• Meant to improve the watch system
neighborhood.
• Paid by fee system for the warrants they serve
• Police took payoffs to allow drinking, gambling, and
• Has non-law functions including:
prostitution.
- Land surveyors
• Organizes thieves and pickpockets for bribing
- Verifying accuracy of weights & measures
information.
- Supervise activities of night watch
• Participated in vote-buying & ballot-box stuffing.
Centralized Municipal Police Departments • Loyal political operatives became police without
• Emerged in 1830’s discernable qualification for training in policing.

Modern police organization characteristics:

Walker call municipal police as Delegated
1. Publicly supported and in bureaucratic form vigilantes entrusted with power and use force
2. Police officers were full-time employees, not against dangerous classes as means of deterring
community volunteers or case-by-case fee criminality.
retainers;
3. Departments had permanent and fixed rules and
procedures, employment as a police officers were
continuous; Police Strike breaking took 2 forms
4. Police departments were accountable to a central
governmental authority - Forced dispersal of demonstrating workers
through extreme violence
Slave Patrols - Public order arrest
• Policing in Southern states
• Founded in 1982 Tramp Acts
• First slave patrols were created in Carolina 1704 - An anti-vagrancy law to arrest both
1. To chase down, apprehend, and return to their organized/unorganized unions.
owners, runaway slaves;
Anti-labor activities compelled major changes in
2. To provide a form of organized terror to deter slave
the organization like putting up alarm boxes
revolts; and, terror to deter slave revolts; and,
throughout the city where they can call out police
3. To maintain a form of discipline for slave-workers who at a moment’s notice.
were subject to summary justice, outside of the law, if
they violated any plantation rules.
• Modern police force is a response to disorder Patrol wagon system: People could be arrested and
transported all at once
Profit Policing
• Influenced by mercantile interest Horse patrol: patrolling while riding a horse
• Economic interest is greater than social control
• Too disorganized and crime-specific 3 Compelling issues faced early American Police
 1) Should police be uniformed • Better way to improve police effectiveness and reform
2) Should they carry firearms • Meant as emphasis on bureaucratic efficiency
3) How much force could they use to carry out their • Centralized authority, tightened chain of command,
duty isolated from public
Pennsylvania State Police 1960’s
• Modelled after Philippines constabulary
• All-white, all-native police force designed to stop • Responded with an aggressive and widespread
strikes in coal fields police unionization campaign
• Control local towns composed of catholic, Irish, - Increase charges against police brutality,
German, & European immigrants working in coal corruption, and other form of misconduct
mines • Reduce centralization in police bureaucracy
• Include officers in discussion of rules, procedures,
and departmental practices
Texas Rangers
• Quasi-official group of vigilantes and guerillas used to Taylorization
suppress Mexican Communities - Reduce size of forces
- 2 person to 1 person per patrol car
19th Century - Increased division of labor
• Police departments are entrenched in day-to-day - Police work broken down to specific tasks
political affairs - Patrol became reactive
• Provide assistance and services for machines(upper - Use of technology
class) harass and arrest its opponents 1960’s
• Massive social and political changes occurred
20th Century
• Police acts as enforcement arm of organized crime in • Civil rights challenging white hegemony in South and
virtually every big city. racist social policies up north.
• Helped and organize widespread election fraud in • 1968 criminal justice system response was 2-fold
• Omnibus crime control
their role as political functionaries for the machine.
• Safe street act
• Focused on use of force in bribery
Community Policing
Machine Era • Emerged in 1980’s
• Provided community-services • Community policing emphasized close working
• Political acts to gain public favor relations with the community, police responsiveness
to the community, and common efforts to alleviate a
Advent of Prohibition wide variety of community problems, many of which
• Banning alcohol were social in nature.
• Lawlessness became more open
• Organized syndicates Community policing is the latest Iteration in efforts to:
• Police became watch men for organized crime 1. Improve relations between the police and the
• Eventually caused the reformation: investigatory community;
bodies 2. Decentralize the police; and,
3. In response to the overwhelming body of
Lenox Committee (1894)
scholarly literature which finds that the police
• One of the earliest formed investigative commissions have virtually no impact on crime, no matter their
• Formed to investigate police corruption related to emphasis or role, provide a means to make
gambling and prostitution and to investigate charges citizens feel more comfortable about what has
of police extortion. been a seemingly unsolvable American
• Determined that promotion within the New York dilemma.
Police Department required a bribe of $1,600 to be
promoted to sergeant and up to $15,000 to be Policing in the United States (U.S.) is divided into four
promoted to Captain. broad categories:
1. Federal
Curren Committee (1913) 2. State
3. county
• investigated police collusion with gambling and
4. municipal agencies
prostitution
Seabury Committee (1932) Key in understanding law enforcement:
• which investigated Prohibition-related corruption 1. Determine which government agency prohibits
Brooklyn Grand Jury (1949) the act.

• investigated gambling payoffs 2. Consider the place(venue) where the criminal

act has occurred (jurisdiction).

Federal Law Enforcement Agency

• Clear chain of commands
• 65 federal agencies, 27 offices of inspector general
• Reform of police commissioners and chiefs
• Establishment of selection of standards for new
recruits
Key in understanding law enforcement:
• Placing police under civil service 1. Determine which government agency prohibits
• Awarding promotion
• Special squads (traffic, investigation, vice & narcotics) the act.
2. Consider the place(venue) where the criminal
Police Professionalism
act has occurred (jurisdiction).
• They have the authority to arrest anyone who Additional education beyond high school is beneficial,
commits violation of federal criminal laws within the with a focus on various fields including criminal justice,
specific area they are hired to protect. sociology, psychology, and social work.
• The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is
probably the best known of the federal law 4. Driver's License:
enforcement agencies. the FBI is under the U.S. Valid driver's license required for all law enforcement
DOJ. positions.
1. Terrorism: It is the systematic use of terror Driving history reviewed during background check.
especially as a means of coercion.
5. Fitness Requirement:
2. Counterintelligence: It is designed to block the
enemy's sources of information, to deceive the Varies by agency in type and rigor.
enemy, to prevent sabotage, and to gather political
and military information. Training and preparation can help meet the challenge.
DISQUALIFIERS
3. Cybercrime: It refers to any crime that involves a
1. Felony conviction
computer and a network.
2. A misdemeanor conviction involving domestic
4. Public Corruption: It includes government fraud, abuse or sexual components.
election fraud, and foreign corrupt practices.
3. Illegal drugs use.
5. Civil Rights: These are class of rights that protect
individual's freedom from infringement by 4. Poor driving record (Including reckless driving
governments and private organizations, and conviction)
ensure one's ability to participate in the civil and 5. SWI/DUI conviction
political life of the state without discrimination or
repression. 6. Poor credit history or other financial Problems

6. Organized Crimes: It involves criminal HIRING PROCESS

organizations which categorize transnational, • Law enforcement officer recruitment involves
national, or local groupings of highly centralized rigorous testing and examinations to identify the
enterprises run by criminals, who intend to engage most qualified candidates.
in illegal activity, most commonly for monetary
profit. • Each state has a Commission on Peace Officer
Standards and Training (POST) or equivalent body
7. White-collar crimes: It refers to financially setting minimum selection standards.
motivated nonviolent crime committed by business • The hiring process typically includes written exams,
and government professionals. physical fitness tests, background investigations,
polygraph examinations, psychological evaluations,
8. Violent crimes and major thefts: These include art medical examinations, oral interviews, and academy
theft, bank robbery, gangs, cargo theft. training.

SKILLS AND ABILITIES • These steps aim to ensure candidates meet the
1. Ability to use good judgement and to solve problem. necessary physical, mental, and ethical standards for
2. Capacity for empathy and compassion law enforcement roles.
3. Capacity for multi-tasking
4. Ability to demonstrate courage and to take BASIC APPLICATION PRE-SCREENING
responsibility QUESTIONNAIRE
5. Ability to be resourceful and show initiative
6. Demonstrating assertiveness The initial application and pre-screening questionnaire
7. Possess and demonstrate integrity convey an applicant's interest and eligibility. Based on a
8. Capacity for engaging in teamwork and ability to review of this material, candidates are invited back to take
collaborate. the written exam of applicants to advance only those who
BASIC REQUIREMENTS are most qualified.
1. Citizenship Requirement: Written Exam/Entrance Test
U.S. citizenship or permanent resident alien status (in The written exam is typically a standardized test used to
some cases). assess general aptitude and does not require or assume
Residency within agency jurisdiction may be required by any knowledge specific to law enforcement. Written
some agencies. exams typically test an applicant’s

2. Age Requirement: 1. reading comprehension

Minimum age typically 21 by academy graduation date, 2. problem-solving / judgment skills

but some accept applicants as young as 18. 3. memory
Maximum age varies; some agencies have no maximum 4. writing skills
age limit.
Video Exam
3. Education Requirement:
During video exams, applicants watch a scenario and
High school diploma or GED required by most agencies. provide a verbal response that is rated and scored. Some
Some require a bachelor's degree or minimum college agencies use video simulations to assess an applicant’s
credit hours. interpersonal skills and judgment.
Physical Fitness Test/Ability Test Standards And Training (POST) sets standards and
certification.
Screening to see if he possesses the required • In 2002, 626 state and local law enforcement
coordination, strength and speed of movement necessary academies operated in the U.S., including county,
for service. regional, state, college, university, technical school,
b.1. 1 Minute Push-up with passing score of 35 repetition and city or municipal academies.
for male and 25 repetition for female (bench push-up); • Median basic recruit training duration was 18 weeks,
ranging from four weeks to six months.
b.2. 1 Minute Sit-ups (35 reps for male and 25 reps for • Average class size varied from 21 to 32 recruits, with
female); and larger academies generally having larger classes.

b.3. 3- Kilometer run (19 mins for male and 21 mins for Probation Period
female).
• Police recruits must complete recruit training, which
Background Investigation can last from several months to over a year,
depending on the department's requirements.
Conducted to ensure professional & personal issues; • Following academy training, recruits typically undergo
reviewing employment, character references, academic field training supervised by experienced officers.
records, residency, criminal, and credit history, fingerprint • Recruits remain on probation throughout training and
checks, and interviews. often for a period afterward, varying in length by
department.
Drug Test
• Promotion eligibility usually requires successful
To check illegal substances completion of the probationary period.
• The probationary period evaluates a recruit's job
Psychological tests performance and fit within the department; dismissal
may occur without cause.
physical and psychological fitness for a job through
• Damaging police property, excessive force, violating
psychological tests, which evaluate character, emotional
the chain of command, or negative comments about
makeup, and job suitability from a psychological
superiors can jeopardize probationary status.
standpoint, often supplemented by a psychologist’s • Upon successful completion of probation, officers
interview. gain more workplace protections, transitioning to civil
Polygraph status with varying rights and protections by
municipality and state.
polygraph, commonly known as lie detector, to verify
information submitted throughout the application process. Field Training

Oral Board • Field training follows academy completion, typically

pairing recruits with training officers for routine patrol.
The oral board is a chance for members of the hiring • Agencies often rotate recruits through different shifts
authority to meet and talk with you face to face. Oral and areas of jurisdiction for varied exposure.
interviews serve as a chance to discuss your • According to BJS, median hours for field training is
qualifications and gauge your fit with the agency. 180, approximately eight weeks.
• Continuing education hours are required by most
1. General appearance and demeanor. states to maintain certification post-academy.
2. Communication skills. • Special assignments or advancement in rank
necessitate additional training, such as leadership
3. Understanding of and interest in policing as a career. and supervisory skills.

4. Response to questions and scenarios Rank Structure

Medical Exam There are two main approaches where non-

commissioned ranks are concerned:
applicants who have been given a conditional offer of
employment will be subject to the medical exam. • A department has Sergeant, Corporal,
sometimes Lance Corporal as well, and one or
This physical exam will evaluate if the applicants are more grades of 'Officer' or an analogous rank
medically fit to meet the physical requirements of the job. (e.g. Patrolman, Trooper, etc.)
Specifically you should be able to perform the “essential”
job functions” as listed by the employer. • A department has Sergeant with one or more
grades of Officer or an analogous rank.
Training/Academy Life
Both are acceptable (depending on the traditions of
• Completion of academy and field training programs individual departments).
are final steps to becoming a law enforcement officer.
• Training requirements vary by state and jurisdiction. The purpose of sergeants, corporals and lance corporals
• Options include basic law enforcement training at is to provide leadership, so there has to be a sufficient
local community colleges or state-sponsored number of people for them to lead.
institutions.
• Some jurisdictions require completion of in-house The titles 'Senior Officer' and 'Senior Police Officer' are
training programs post-hiring process or sponsorship less than ideal owing to the fact that these terms are
to attend an external academy. applicable in a generic sense to any number of people
• Extensive classroom-based training supplemented by holding any number of senior ranks.
practical exercises and scenarios is typical. Senior Patrolman on the other hand is perfectly
• Cadet or police trainee rank during training, eligible reasonable. The titles Leading Officer, Leading
for benefits and first paycheck if sponsored by a hiring Patrolman, etc. work well. The common practice of
agency. distinguishing ranks numerically is reliable also.
• No standard national curriculum, but states guide
training programs; Commission on Peace Officers
The best arrangements, and therefore the acceptable about general ranks). This exception need and therefore
arrangements are: should apply only to the head of a department.

• Sergeant, Corporal, Lance Corporal (if the number of The Levels Of The Highest Ranks
people at this level is appropriately small), Officer /
Patrolman / Trooper/etc. Two things must be considered to determine the
appropriate levels for the highest ranks of a police/sheriff's
• Sergeant, Corporal, Officer/ Patrolman / Trooper / etc. department:
First Class, officer / Patrolman / Trooper / etc.
• The overall size of the department, to ensure that the
• Sergeant, Senior or Leading Officer / Patrolman / etc., head of the department doesn't rank too low.
Officer / Patrolman / etc. First Class, Officer /
The size of the largest command within the department
Patrolman / etc. (Trooper, being a military term, is
(being a command that isn't excessively large owing to a
excluded on the grounds that it therefore should be
poorly-conceived organizational structure), to ensure that
used in conjunction with Corporal.)
the head of the department outranks the head of this
Note: the second-lowest rank can be omitted. organization.

Middle Ranks, Number of Ranks If only the size of the largest organization in the
department were considered and it was just assumed that
There are six army ranks from Second Lieutenant to the head of the department must rank one level higher
Colonel, but these ranks encompass only four levels in a than the head of this organization, it's possible that the
typical military chain of command (platoon or equivalent, head of the department would rank lower than he/ she is
company or equivalent, battalion or equivalent, and entitled to.
brigade).
For example, the military rank commensurate with
A similar discrepancy exists in police/sheriff’s command of half a dozen Colonel level organizations is
departments. This means that it is feasible to omit several Major-General, not the rank between Colonel and Major-
of the corresponding police ranks non-consecutively General.
without diminishing the level of authority or responsibility
A police/sheriff's department might not be much bigger
of the remaining ranks. Small departments require fewer
than the largest organization within it (typically the
levels of command than others so they may omit more
territorial policing command), so it's possible that its head
ranks.
may be entitled to the same rank level as the head of the
Commisioner/Police/Sheriff Ranks department.

• Commissioner, Deputy Commissioner, To avoid the head of a department having the same rank
Assisstant Commissioner, Deputy Assistant as the head of the largest organization in it, either the
Commissioner former should be upgraded by one level or the latter
should be downgraded by one level, depending on the
• Chief, Deputy Chief, Assistant Chief, Deputy circumstances.
Assistant Chief.
For example, if the head of a department and the head of
• Sheriff, Undersheriff, Assistant Sheriff, Deputy the largest organization in it were equivalent to
Assistant Sheriff, Note; Lieutenant-General, but only marginally in the latter's
case, and the next most senior commanders were
• These arrangements match the best version of equivalent to Brigädier-General (with only the deputy
the arrangement used in most English-speaking head of the Largest organization at Major-General level),
countries would be best to downgrade the head and deputy head of
• Unneeded ranks are omitted in reverse order of the largest organization and leave the head of the
seniority department at Lieutenant-General level.

• Undersheriff is normally the title held by the Conversely, if there were no such gap, upgrading the
second-highest ranking member of a sheriff’s head of the department would be preferable, as it is better
department. ‘Deputy Sheriff’ is not used for this to over-rank only one person who isn't outranked by any
position. (Traditionally all members of a sheriff other member anyway than to under-rank several people.
department ranking below the Sheriff are This would probably be the correct option in most cases.
‘deputies’)
• A ‘Deputy Assistant’ rank is unlikely to be needed
in any US police/sheriff’s department (with the
possible exception New York City’s Police Commissioner
department
Deputy
Commissioner/Chief/Sheriff Ranks At/Or Below Commissioner
Colonel Level Assistant
Commissioner
It is common for small departments to have one or more
If the second-highest rank is limited to the deputy head of
commissioner/chief/ sheriff ranks at or below Colonel
the department and it’s at or below Colonel level, it
level, which is not ideal. It is possible to avoid such an
shouldn’t be a commissioner/chief/sheriff rank. For
arrangement by having a clear difference between the
example:
appointment and rank of the head of a department (e.g. a
person holding the appointment of Chief of Police might Commissioner
hold the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel).
Chief
However, this defies a strong trend and the existence of a
commissioner/chief/sheriff rank at or below Colonel level
Superintendent
though not ideal is a tolerable practice, being within the Superintendents
limits of what is customary (after all, we're not talking
Deputy Head of A Department Acceptance of glasses or contact lenses with an
optician's report required.
The second -highest rank is used in either of two ways. It
may be limited to be actual deputy of the head of a Unaided vision must not be worse than 6/36 in either
department (below, left), or it may be used for one or more eye.
other positions, including command position(below, right).
Aided vision must be better than 6/12 in either eye
or 6/6 with both eyes.
Commissioner
Deputy Near Vision
Commissioner Requirements are 6/9 with both eyes together when
Deputy aided.
Commissioner
Color Vision
DETECTIVES Severe deficiencies not accepted, but other
Some departments currently have an odd or deficiencies may be considered with adjustments.
unnecessarily complicated arrangement where ranks of
members of plain-clothed investigative organizations are Colour correcting lenses are not acceptable.
concerned. The best ways of dealing with this matter are: Corrective Treatment
Certain surgeries like RK or corneal grafts disqualify
'Detective' supplants 'Officer, 'Patrolman" and analogous
words in such ranks (e.g. Senior Detective is equivalent applicants.
to Senior Patrolman). Applicants who have undergone specific surgeries
For other members 'detective' is used as a prefix to the may be considered after a waiting period.
same ranks held by uniformed personnel (e.g. Detective
Lance Corporal, Detective Corporal, Detective Sergeant, Educational
and so on). No specific educational qualifications required.
Applicants must complete the Police Initial
'Detective' could be, but need not be, added to
commissioner/chief/sheriff ranks. Even if they're Recruitment Test.
experienced in detective work and in charge of detectives, Convictions
people who hold these ranks are almost always above the
levels where actual detective work is carried out. Recent convictions/cautions may disqualify
COUNTRY 2: UNITED KINGDOM applicants.
BRITISH POLICING All convictions, cautions, involvement in criminal
investigations must be disclosed.
SHORT HISTORY
Financial
Adverse financial history may affect application
British policing originated from early system of
depending on circumstances.
“Tythings”
Nationality
Tythings: group of people in a village
Must be a British Citizen, EU national,
Tything man: Leader or 10 people called tything
Commonwealth Citizen, or foreign national with no
Shire-reeve: Leader of 10 tything-mans, or 100 restrictions on stay in the UK.
people
Swimming
Bow Street Runners
Ability to swim is required; inability will result in
First official group responsible for investigating and
rejection.
apprehending criminals
Penalty Points
Established under metropolitan police act pioneered
by Sir Robert Peel Declaration of all penalty points required; serious
road offenses considered on an individual basis.
CRITERIA FOR JOINING
Maximum of 6 points allowed on license at the time
of application.
Age
Tattoo
Minimum age to apply is 18 with no upper age limit.
Offensive tattoos may prevent appointment; must be
Normal retirement age for Constables and
declared in initial application.
Sergeants is 60.
Images of tattoos may be requested for
Two-year probationary period for all new recruits.
consideration.
Sight
Residence
Home address must be approved by the Chief INTERVIEW WITH ASSESSOR
Constable of the force.
Four questions asked.
Application Form Information
The application form is the initial step in a rigorous Think before responding, consider past experiences
recruitment process. if applicable.

Failing at any stage means waiting six months Each question gets approximately five minutes for
before reapplying. response.

Applicants should utilize ample time to complete the QUALITIES SOUGHT

form to the highest standard. Applicants should handle stress, long hours, and
The form is designed to test applicants and select shift work well.
only the best candidates. Good physical and mental health crucial for coping
Each Police Force receives an average of seven with demands of police work.
application forms for every position available. DISABILITY DISCRIMINATION ACT
Forces use a standardized application form across
the board. Disability Discrimination Act 1995 prohibits
General Rules Do’s automatic exclusion of candidates based on medical
Complete the form in neat and easy to read writing condition or disability since October 1, 2004.

Complete in BLACK INK Rejection on medical grounds must be justified by

inability to perform specific job aspects even with
Sections that do not apply to you should be marked reasonable adjustments.
N/A
Considerations include nature and extent of
Keep the form in a safe place until you are ready to disability, possible adjustments, costs, practicality,
fill it out. Keep it neat and clean. and effectiveness.
Photocopy the application form and use the copies All applicants are assessed based on individual
to make draft entries. merit, so there's no definitive list for refusal based on
medical grounds.
Use a Microsoft Word type programme to write out
your answers to the competency questions. This will BODY MASS INDEX
help you identify spelling and grammar errors. WEIGHT BMI
UNDERWEIGHT UNDER 18.5
DON’TS
NORMAL 18.5-24.5
Leave any sections blank OVERWEIGHT 25-29.9
OBESE OVER 30
Use inappropriate comments or words POLICE FITNESS TEST
Use untidy presentation Simplified over the past five years.
Ignore instructions Now consists of two elements: Endurance Shuttle
ASSESSMENT CENTRE Run (Bleep Test) and Dynamic Strength.
The assessment centre evaluates core skills for endurance shuttle run
police officer candidates.
Reach level 5.4 (approximately 3 1/2 minutes) to
Typically lasts around five hours. pass.
Held at a venue chosen by the applicant's selected Mimics a bleep test format where participants run to
force. and from along a 15-meter track.
Includes four role play exercises, an interview, two Dynamic Strength Test
written exercises, and a verbal and numerical
reasoning test. Perform 5 seated chest presses and 5 seated back
pulls on a "dyno" equipment.
ROLEPLAY EXERCISES
ROLEPLAY EXERCISES Average force over 5 attempts must meet minimum
requirements: Pull - 35kg, Push - 34kg.
6 rooms leading off to one corridor.
Training Recommendations
Instructions outside each room for role play
scenarios. Endurance
4 rooms for role play exercises, 2 rest stations for Focus on cardiovascular exercises like running,
reflection. cycling, or swimming. Competitive sports such as
football, rugby, tennis, or squash can also help.
Each room has one role player and one assessor
(observing silently). Dynamic Strength
Focus solely on role player, ignore the assessor.
Utilize gym equipment, free weights, or push-ups to Continuous coaching and development throughout
build upper body strength. Always stretch before training.
exercise to prevent injury.
Law and Procedure
Student Officers Training (IPLDP)
Lessons on important laws and police procedures
Replaced residential training with the Initial Police threaded throughout all phases.
Learning and Development Programme (IPLDP).
Independent Patrol and Further Training
Training is more locally-based, aligning officers
closer to the communities they serve. Signed off for independent patrol after completion of
phases.
Varied delivery methods among police forces,
including use of force headquarters, universities, or Ongoing training throughout probationary period.
other facilities. Additional courses include interview training, sexual
Training focuses on three areas: Neighbourhood, offenses training, court skills.
Intelligence, and Investigation. Professional Development Portfolio (PDP)
Initial Course Structure Duration: First two years as a probationary officer.
Duration can be up to seven weeks. Purpose: Evidences competencies in core elements
Divided into phases: Community, Intelligence. of policing.

community phase Core Elements: Examples include "Responding to

Incidents", "Interviewing Suspects", "Interviewing
Focuses on Neighbourhood Policing. Witnesses", and "Crime Investigation".
Home Office emphasizes the establishment of Total Competency Areas: Approximately 22 areas of
Neighbourhood Teams in all forces. policing.
Duration varies, typically up to ten weeks. Confirmation in Rank: Completion of PDP required
for confirmation as Constable after two years.
intelligence phase
Assigned Assessor: From the Professional
Emphasizes intelligence-led policing. Development Unit (PDU).
Teaches the collection, assessment, and action Monitoring: Assessor monitors the probationary
based on intelligence. period, assesses work, and signs off PDP
Part of the broader training to prepare officers for competencies when satisfied with standards met.
various policing roles. OSPRE (Objective Structured Performance Related
Duration up to seven weeks Examination)

Investigation Phase Implemented since 1991 in England and Wales for

promoting officers to sergeant and inspector ranks.
Teaches crime investigation from initial stages to
case file preparation. 2003 Review: Support for greater use of practical
work-based assessment in promotions.
Includes mock interviews with suspects for various
offenses. 2004 Promotions Trial: Seven forces invited to trial
work-based assessment.
Attachment to crime investigation unit (e.g., burglary
unit, car crime unit). Multiple choice exam testing knowledge of the law.

Specialized units for specific offenses. Duration: 2 hours.

Duration: Up to seven weeks. Exam Timing: Sergeants' exam in March, Inspectors'

exam in September.
Street Skills Phase
Question Range: 60 to 120.
Prepares for attachment to response team,
responding to emergency calls. Pass Mark: Originally 75%, adjusted annually to
maintain consistent pass rate.
Classroom learning followed by attachment to
response team. Prerequisite: Passing Part 1 required for Part 2.

Focus on blue light calls, uniformed patrol. work-based assessment

Duration: Up to seven weeks. Officers passing Part 1 selected for work-based

assessment.
Coaching
Promoted to "acting" role as sergeant or inspector.
Paired with experienced officer (coach) during
attachment phases. Perform duties of rank while evidencing performance
in Professional Development Portfolio (PDP), similar
to probationary officers.
Professional Development Portfolio (PDP) Role: Enforce Commonwealth and national
interests, combat crime in Australia and overseas.
Evidences performance and competency in rank-
specific duties. Functions:
Completion leads to promotion to the next rank. Represent Australia internationally in law
enforcement and policing.
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
Provide advice to the government on policing
matters.
Collaborate with various law enforcement bodies at
state, territory, Commonwealth, and international
levels.
Enhance safety and security regionally and globally.
Provide community policing services in the
Australian Capital Territory (ACT) under a
contractual agreement.
Mission of ACT Policing: Keep peace and preserve
public safety for citizens.
COUNTRY 3: AUSTRALIA Provide community policing in Jervis Bay Territory,
AUSTRALIAN FEDERAL POLICING Norfolk Island, Christmas Island, and the Cocos
Has 8 separate police agencies: New South Wales, Islands.
Victoria Police Force, Queen’s Land Police Force,
Western Australia Police Force, South Australia EXECUTIVE STRUCTURE
Police Force, Tasmania Police Force, Nothern Commissioner
Territory Police Force, Federal Police Depuly Commissioner National Security
Deputy Commissioner Operations
Australian Federal Police (AFP): Deputy Commissioner Close Operations
Support
Responsibilities:
Chief Operating Officer
Preventing and investigating crimes against the ACT Chief Police Officer
Commonwealth. National Manager Human Resources
National Manager Serious and Organized
Establishment: Crime
Established by the Federal Police Act of 1979. National Manager Counter Terrorism
National Manager Crime Operations
Oversight: National Manager High Tech Crime Operations
National Manager Aviation
Under the Home Affairs Ministry. National Manager Intelligence
Responsibility of the Minister for Home Affairs. National Manager International Deployment
Group
The AFP Commissioner reports to the Minister for National Manager Policy and Governance
Justice. National Manager Operations Support
National Manager Protection
The Australian Federal Police is a statutory Chief Financial Officer
authority established by FederaL parliament Chief Information Officer
under the Australian Federal Police Act 1979. It Deputy ACT Chief Police Officer Crime
is part of the Attorney. General's portfolio. Depuly ACT Chief Police Officer Response
Director ACT Policing Corporate Services
Executive Director Australian Institute of
Police Management
OPERATIONAL PRIORITIES Operation Sovereign Borders
Serious and Organized Crime Chief Police Officers report to ACT Minister for
Crime Operations Police and Emergency Services.

Intelligence Responsible for achieving outcomes in Purchase

Agreement and Ministerial Direction.
International Deployment Group
Manage personnel and resources for quality police
Counter Terrorism services.
Protection
Deputy Chief Police Officer - Crime:
Aviation
Manages specialized policing services:
High Tech Crime Operations
ACT Policing Intelligence
ORGANIZATIONAL ROLES AND FUNCTIONS
Crime Reduction 1. submission of an online application and
supporting documentation including a copy of recent
Specialist Response Group traffic history and a current CV
Judicial Operations 2. completion of an Employment Suitability
Criminal Investigations Questionnaire

Deputy Chief Police Officer - Response: 3. Meeting the minimum requirements to proceed
through the recruitment gateways
Manages ACT Policing Operations:
The selection process involves:
Emergency Management & Planning
1. completing the online application
Traffic Operations
2. Meeting required standards at the Employment
North District and South District general duties Suitability Questionnaire
3. Successfully completing the pre-entry Physica
Director Corporate Services: lCompetency Assessment (PCA)
Oversees enabling services for frontline policing: 4. attending an assessment centre
Finance & Logistics 5. providing your fingerprints for a number of
operational and security reasons
Human Resources
6. having a medical examination and psychological
Media & Public Engagement
assessment
Ministerial & Operational Support
7. undergoing a urinalysis for illicit drug use
Exhibit Management Centre
8. Submitting required certificates (current certified
GENERAL QUALIFICATIONS copies of a Senior First Aid Certificate and the ability
to swim 100m (unaided)

1. High level of motivation 9. Compieting the Federal Police Development

Program - 25 week live-in program at the AFP
2. Integrity College.
3. Cultural awareness RECRUIT TRAINING
4. A commitment working with the community5. Be Recruit training Training is tailored to suit the
over 18 years of age. different types of recruits who join the AFP:

6. Australian citizen. 1. ACT Policing and Federal Agent recruit training

(Federal Police Development Program) Course
7. Intelligent, self-motivated and willing to serve in modules include:
any area of AFP. Have a full manual driver's license
with no provisional restrictions (P plates) or medical- 1. law
restrictions at the time of application. 2. evidence
3. procedure
9. Meet the medical and psychological standards for 4. investigation techniques
AFP sworn police and protective service officer
applicants. 5. police powers

10. Physically fit and healthy and able to undertake 6. the intelligence process
the physical requirements of training.
7. defensive skills
11. Have a senior first aid certificate (current for
8. firearms
entire training period).
9. driver training.
12. Year 12 education or year 10 with a trade
certificate or similar qualification. 13. Confirmation of On-the job training follows formal training and is
ability to swim 100 meters free style non-stop and generally conducted over a 12 Month period.
Unaided.
If you are an ACT Policing officer, you will be a
APPLICATION PROCESS Constable (in General Duties) for 12 months. The
The recruitment process is designed to ensure that instructors are a mix of sworn, unsworn and
the applicant's meet the suitability requirements and specialist members (i.e. fitness coach). Each has a
have the skils, attributes and values to meet the Certificate IV in Training and Assessment.
challenges and demands of a career in policing. The
application process involves: 2. Protective Service Officer Recruit
Training The AFP runs specific recruit training for
Protective Service Officers. This is a 13 week live-in
course at the AFP College in Canberra. Occasional
weekend and evening work is required including ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
exercises at the shooting range and night
operational simulations.
Theoretical components deal with the law and the
role of a Protective Service Officer. Practical
components include
a. firearms training,
b. defensive tactics (batons and handcuffs), crowd COUNTRY 4: CANADA
control (batons and shields ROYAL CANADIAN MOUNTED POLICE
Theoretical components deal with the law and the
role of a Protective Service Officer. Practical The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) is
components include a. firearms training, b. organized under the authority of the RCMP Act.
defensive tactics (batons and handcuffs), crowd
control (batons and shields The Commissioner leads the RCMP and operates
under the direction of the Minister of Public Safety
COURSE COMPONENTS Canada.
The Commissioner has control and management
All components of the course are assessable over the Force and all related matters.
Weekly theory tests and regular progressive review
tests assess accumulated knowledge
The RCMP enforces laws made by or under the
Many required skills and competencies have authority of the Canadian Parliament across
inherent fitness elements Canada.
Officers required to maintain appropriate fitness Provincial governments are responsible for
level for re-qualification administering justice within their respective
Performance closely monitored provinces, including enforcing the Criminal Code.

Unsatisfactory performance may result in RCMP provides police services under policing
termination of employment agreements to all provinces (except Ontario and
Quebec), Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut,
LATERAL TRAINING and 180 municipalities.
Lateral Transfer Training:
It operates uniquely as a federal, municipal, and
Length of training depends on contemporary policing provincial policing body.
experience and skill levels
As Canada's national police force, RCMP enforces
May involve: federal laws throughout the country.
Six-week live-in training program at AFP College in
Canberra Ontario and Quebec maintain their own provincial
forces, namely Ontario Provincial Police and Surete
Focused on-the-job training in state of deployment du Quebec, while RCMP has taken over policing
Mission-specific training for International responsibilities elsewhere.
Deployment Group service The RCMP is responsible for a wide range of duties.
Federal Police Lateral Programs designed for The federal operations of REMP include:
individuals with current policing experience from 1. Enforcing federal laws including commercial
state or territory jurisdictions crime. Enforcing laws including drug trafficking,
Course content focuses on adapting existing border integrity, organized crime and various other
knowledge of state legislation to AFP's legislative matters. Providing counter terrorism and domestic
framework security.

Recruits receive instruction in 2. Providing protection services to the Governor

General, Prime Minister, Monarch and other
a. relevant Commonwealth and ACT legislation, ministers of the Crown.
b. local practices, procedures and issues, 3. Participating in the international policing
efforts.the According to Canada Police Hierarchy,
c. local criminal justice partners such as the courts
the Royal Canadian Mounted Police is categorized
and the Director of Public Prosecutions. The trainees
into the following ranks: The whole force is divided
will learn how the AFP's corporate infrastructure has
into fifteen divisions such as:
moved away from a traditional, hierarchical policing
model to flexible, multi-skilled and empowered Deputy Commissioner, Operations and Integration:
teams operating in an environment of continuous
learning improvement. and in mandatory physical Oversees Contract and Aboriginal Policing.
fitness commonly referred to as PT.
Manages Criminal Intelligence Directorate and 3. Be at least 19 years of age at the time of
Strategy Policy and Planning Directorate. engagement (may apply at 18 years of age),
4. Be proficient in English or French,
Deputy Commissioner, Specialized Policing 5. Possess a valid, unrestricted Canadian
Services: driver’s license,
Responsible for Canadian Firearms Program, 6. Possess a Canadian secondary school (high
Canadian Police College, Criminal Intelligence school) diploma or equivalent,
Service, Forensic Science and Identification 7. Meet the medical, psychological and vision
Services, National Child Exploitation Coordination standards,
Centre, and Technical Operations. 8. Meet the necessary level of physical abilities,
9. Be prepared to carry a firearm and use it or
Deputy Commissioner, Corporate Management and any other necessary force,
Controllership: 10. Be willing and able to relocate anywhere in
Canada
Manages Asset Management, Finance,
11. Must be willing to work weekends shifts and
Procurement and Contracting, Office of
IOrN holidays.
Comptrollership, and Modernization.
12. Must be willing to pledge allegiance to
Deputy Commissioner, Atlantic Region shared documents.
13. Required documentation includes birth
Manages 'B', 'H', 'I', and 'J' divisions. certificate, social insurance number,
Deputy Commissioner, Northwest Region statement of driving record, and driver’s
license issued by provincial motor vehicle
Handles 'D', 'F', 'G', 'V', 'K', and 'Depot' divisions. office.
14. Screening process includes the RCMP
Deputy Commissioner, Pacific Region Police Aptitude Battery (RPAB).
Manages 'E' and 'M' divisions. APPLICATION PROCESS
Total strength of Canadian Police: Approximately
29,235 personnel across different grades. Six Factor Personality Questionnaire (SEPO):
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES - Consists of 10 agree or disagree statements.
- Assesses personality traits including
Police Operations: conscientiousness.
- No pass mark as there are no correct
Provide policing, law enforcement, crime prevention, answers.
and protective services to Canadians, the federal - Completed before the RPAT.
government, its departments and agencies, as well
as to provinces/territories, municipalities, and RCMP Police Aptitude Test (RPAT):
Aboriginal communities. - Multiple-choice test with 114 questions.
Law Enforcement Services: - Measures aptitude for police work.
- Evaluates seven skills essential for police
Support Canadian and international law duties:
enforcement communities through leading-edge - Composition (spelling, grammar, vocabulary)
initiatives, provision of critical intelligence equipment - Comprehension
and technology, and education to optimize the - Memory
delivery of proactive intelligence-based policing - Judgment
services. - Observation
- Logic
International Operations:
- Computation
Contribute to Canada's global peace agenda - Includes a physical abilities requirement.
through support and involvement in international law - Involves the Evaluation (PARE) component.
enforcement efforts.
REQUIRED DOCUMENTS
Canadian Culture and Heritage:
Deliver cultural activities like the Musical Ride and 1. Birth Certificate
ceremonial support for special events as a symbol of 2. Social insurance number
Canada's heritage. 3. Statement of driving record
Internal Services: 4. Resume
5. Secondary school diploma
Management relies on modern principles and 6. If not born in Canada, certification of Canadian
practices to enable the organization to deliver on
citizenship
operational commitments.
7. Valid standard first aid certificate
QUALIFICATIONS

1. Be a Canadian citizen; SCREENING PROCESS

2. Be of good character; 1. RCMP Police aptitude battery (RPAB)
 a. 6 Factors Questionnaire 2. Police Defensive Tactics
b. RCMP Police Aptitude Test 3. Police Driving
• RPAT is a multiple choices test with 114 questions 4. Firearms
designed to evaluate your aptitude to be a police 5. Fitness and
officer 6. Drill and Deportment and tactical
a. Composition
Promotion System
b. Comprehension
Non-Commissioned Officer (NCO) Promotional
c. Memory Process:
d. Judgment
e. Observation • After 5-7 years of service, a constable becomes
f. Logic eligible for the NCO promotional process to
g. Computation become a Corporal.
2. Physical abilities requirements evaluation (PARE) • After 2 years of service as a Corporal, eligible
• Occupational assessment to assess person for the promotional process for Sergeant (Sgt.)
and Staff Sergeant (S/Sgt.).
3. Regular Member Selection Interview
4. RCMP Pre-Employment Polygraph (PEP) Promotional Process Steps:
Examination
5. Field Investigation and Security Clearance • Job Simulation Exercise
6. Health Assessment • Completion of Application Documentation
• Supervisor/Line Officer Support
• Vision Standard
• Competency Validation
• Field of Vision
• Selection of Line Officer (optional use of
• Depth Perception
selection tools)
• Color Vision Testing
• Hearing Requirements Gender Proportion in NCOs:
• Grading • Proportion of female NCOs and male NCOs is
- H1 Grading 38%:36%.
- H2 Grading
- H3 Grading Office: Candidate Development Program (OCOP):
- H4 Grading • OCOP evaluates potential, knowledge, and
- H5 Grading competencies of employees.
• Enrollment
Ranks and Insignia of the RCMP
Cadet Training Program Rank description
Rank Title Insignia
• Responsible to a large extent for their own learning notes
NATO codes
and developing but have significant support from National Rank
All ranks have Cadet insignia on
trainers and their troop mates English & French left arm
Grade information
• Cadets who are in less than good physical condition Rank is held during
Police recruit None
recruit training only
start training at a distinct disadvantage and are
Constables moves
more susceptible to injury. through several pay
Constable None
a. 2.43 km run (1.5 miles) 10:45 mins (men) and grades with no
12:00 min (women); insignia
Constables moves
b. 4.86 km run (3.0 miles) in 22:00 min (men) and through several pay Constable
(24:00) min women; grades no insignia
c. 8.1 km run (5.0 miles) 40:00 to 45:00 min; Detachment
Commander of Corporal
d. 25 pushups minimum; and pull ups 6 (men) and Investigator
3 (women) Detachment
Sergeant
commander
Detachment
Staff sergeant
commander
Training Detachment Staff sergeant
commander major
• When accepted as Cadet with the RCMP, training Detachment
Sergeant Major
starts at RCMP training Academy in Regina commander
Only one member Corps Sergeant
Saskatchewan.
will attain this rank Major
• Assigned 32 cadets
• Begin 24 weeks long Duties
• Allowance of $500/week, max of $12,000
1. Responding to alarms
Training will include: 2. Foot patrol
1. Applied Police Sciences 3. Bicycle patrol
4. Traffic enforcement
5. Testifying in court police applicant has in Germany will determine the
6. Collecting evidence at crime scenes starting rank of each officer.
7. Apprehending criminals
5. You must have communication skills to deal with
8. Plain clothes duties – wearing civilian clothes the public. This includes the ability to communicate
while on duty to avoid being identifies as a police in English as well as German. You would be an
or security. asset if you also spoke French or Arabic.
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE RECRUITMENT PROCESS

1. School-leaving certificate;
2. Driving license;
3. Proof of English language skills;
4. Qualifications;
5. Health Check;
6. Background Check
7. General thinking test
8. Concentration test
9. German spelling and Grammar test
10. Sport test
11. Medical Examination
12. Security test
FUNCTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES

The main functions of the Federal Police are to:

1. Ensure border security, including border checks,
border surveillance and coast guard
services(Grenzpolizei);
2. Protect federal buildings and foreign embassies
COUNTRY 5: GERMANY
in the capital of Berlin and the former capital of
GERMANY POLICING SYSTEM
Bonn, as well as the two highest German courts:
the Federal Constitutional Court and the Federal
QUALIFICATIONS High Court in Karlsruhe;
3. Provide the federal government's mobile
1. You must be a citizen of Germany. response force for internal security events;

2. You must be in excellent physical condition. 4. Ensure security on the German railways;
Female candidates must be at least
5. Provide counter-terrorism forces (GSG9)
163cm(5'3″)and Male candidates must be at least
1.65 m (5′4″) with a maximum on 195 cm(6′5″). 6. Ensure compliance with aviation security
Everyonemust undergo a physical exam by an standards at 13 German airports and
authorized police physician to determine suitably.
Must not be overweight or underweight as 7. Serve as air (or sky) marshalls
measured using BMI ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
3. All applicants must have a clean criminal record.
Misdemeanor, Felony, SentencingandProbation
are treated the same way. Anybody that has been
punished in court is ineligible.
4. The current age limit is a minimum of 16 years
of age to 24 years of age. If you are police
executive, you must not be older than 27 when
recruited. Your level of experience and training a
 b. Judgment
COUNTRY 6: HONGKONG c. Knowledge
Hongkong Policing System
d. Confidence

1. Nationality. Must be a permanent resident of the e. Resources Management

Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and f. Community & Customer Focus
have lived in Hong Kong for at least seven years.
g. Personality
2. Academic Requirements: Candidates should
h. Physical
have a. Level 2 or equivalent (Note 1) or above
in five subjects in the Hong Kong Diploma of 1. Physical Fitness Test. The test consists of
Secondary Education Examination (HKDSEE) vertical jump, pull-up and shuttle-run.
(Note 2), or equivalent; or b. Level 2 (Note 3) /
Grade E or above in five subjects in the Hong 2. Group Interview A. Practical Incident Handling
Kong Certificate of Education Examination Test. It serves to assess the candidate's
(HKCEE) (Note 2), ог equivalent; and communication ability in both Chinese and English
languages, judgment and fact-finding ability. B.
3. Language Proficiency Requirements: Self-Introduction. The candidates will give a self-
Candidates should have Met the language introduction in a group setting to the interviewers,
proficiency requirements of a. Level 2 (Note 3) or who will then ask some follow- up questions and
above in English Language in HKDSEE or questions and current affairs and/or police related
HKCEE, or equivalent b. Level 2 (Note 3) or subjects as an initial assessment of general
above in Chinese Language in HKDSEE or knowledge. Additional scores will be awarded to
HKСЕЕ, or equivalent. Applicants without the candidates with foreign language skills. C. Group
minimum required Chinese language proficiency discussion. A discussion on local current affairs or
standard may also apply for the post. They will Force related issues as directed by the
be referred to sit for and must pass the interviewers.
Government Standard Examination; and c. Be 3. Psychometric Test. This is similar with the
able to read and write Chinese and speak candidates for Inspector
fluently Cantonese.
4. Final Interview Board. Candidates will be asked
4. Physique. a. Must have a good physique as you questions on current affairs and other police-
will be required to pass a physical fitness test related issues to assess their confidence,
during the selection process. b. For male judgment, expression, communication, analytical
candidates, you should be at least 163cm (5.4Ft) ability, resource management and determination to
tall and weigh 50kg. c. For female candidates, serve the community.
you must be at least 152cm (4.11Ft) tall and
5. Basic Law Test. The test is set in English and
weigh 42kg. d. You must have good eyesight and
Chinese. The result will be one of the
you are required to pass an initial eyesight test
considerations to assess the suitability of a
without the aid of any eyesight correction tools.
candidate,
5. Essential Attributes 6. Integrity Checks and Medical Examination
a. Mature personality 7. Appointment
b. Good physical fitness The Hong Kong Police Force will ensure a safe and
stable society by:
c. Confidence
1. Upholding the rule of law
d. Effective communication ability
2. Maintaining law and order
6. Age requirement: 16 years old Recruitment and
Selection Process Recruitment is annually. 3. Preventing and detecting crime
Applications are sent to the Police Recruitment
4. Safeguarding and protecting life and property
Division which in turn informs the applicants of
the selection process. 5. Working in partnership with the community and
other agencies

RECRUITMENT PROCESS 6. Striving for excellence in all that we do

7. Maintaining public confidence in the Force
Candidates will be critically assessed on the HONGKONG AUXILIARY POLICE FORCE
following competencies:
a. Communication
• Comprises volunteers from all walks of life and 5. Chief Superintendent of Police (CSP) (crest over
has a proud history dating back to its two pips). Commands a branch or district.
establishment in 1914. The role and organization
6. Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP) (crest over
of the HKAPF have been constantly modified to
pip). The second in charge of the branch or district
keep pace with changing circumstances.
and assists the chief superintendent in his
• The original role of the HKAPF as a trained
operations.
manpower reserve to support the regular force
during times of emergencies has been 7. Superintendent of Police (SP) (crest). He is
maintained. responsible for commanding a headquarter unit or a
• The HKAPF continues to render the form and police division.
amount of support-as determined by the
8. Chief Inspector of Police (CIP) (three pips).
Commissioner of Police in accordance with
prevailing operational priorities Assists the superintendent of police in commanding
the police divisions and headquarters. He generally
RECRUITMENT OF HKPF acts as second in command in a headquarter.
9. Senior Inspector of Police (SIP) (two pips over
1. Recruit Constable (Auxiliary) Basic Training bar). Works at the administrative position in a police
Course station and acts as a sub-unit commander.
A Recruit Constable (Auxiliary) is required to attend 10. Inspector of Police (IP) (two pips). Also acts as a
a basic training course which comprises 320 hours sub-unit commander.
and spreads over some 28-36 weeks depending on
the size of the recruit Intake. 11. Probationary Inspector of Police (PI) (pip). The
work is quite similar to that of an inspector, but this
2. Recruit Constable (Auxiliary) Special Basic rank lies below the inspector.
Training Course
12. Station Sergeant (SSGT) (wreathed crest). The
A Special Basic Training Course was introduced in highest level of non- commissioned officer. The
the summer of 2003 to provide hasic training to new officers at this rank and below are responsible for
recruits who are undergraduate students recruited basic policing functions like patrolling and
under the Auxiliary Police Undergraduate Scheme. surveillance.
The Special Basic Training Course is a 12-week full
time training program, the content of which is 13. Sergeant (SGT) (three upward- pointing
identical to the Basic Training Course. chevrons)

3. Statutory Efficiency Training 14. Senior Constable (SPC) (upward- pointing

chevron)
After completion, recruits are given a Police warrant
card, posted to a Divisional Police Station, and 15. Police Constable (PC) (slide with ID number)
called a Police Constable (Auxiliary). A Police
Constable (Auxiliary), after successful completion of
the basic training course, is to complete a Statutory ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
Efficiency Training each year, which is as stipulated
in Regulation 3 of the Hong Kong Auxiliary Police
Force Regulations
Rank Structure of the HKPF
1. Commissioner of Police (CP) (crest over pip over
wreathed and crossed batons). The top most rank of
police and the head of the entire police force of Hong
Kong.
over 2. Deputy Commissioner of Police (DCP) (crest
wreathed and crossed batons). Assist the
Commissioner of police and required to command as
commissioner. of police in his absence. COUNTRY 7: INDONESIA
INDONESIA POLICING SYSTEM
3. Senior Assistant Commissioner of Police (SACP)
(pip over wreathed and crossed batons). Heads a
• Indonesia is an archipelago revolution, and its
Department of the HKPF.
troops took part in the comprising approximately
4. Assistant Commissioner of Police (ACP) 17,508 islands
(wreathed and crossed batons). Heads the ten wings
and one branch of the HKPF, • Jakarta is the country's capital region. 238
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE million
people (world's fourth most populous country).
• Centralized and divided into territorial forces c. Polda Metro Jaya special command for the
province of Jakarta
• a. Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia (Polri)
d. Kepolisian Wilayah/ Polisi Wilayah (Polwil) is an
is the official police force of Indonesia. As a
intermediary coordinating command designed to
national agency, it has a large central
enhance coordination between provincial
headquarters in Jakarta (Markas Besar/Mabes).
commands and districts for super large provinces
It is under the jurisdiction of the Defense
like East, West and Central Java.
Minister.
e. Kepolisian/ Polisi Kota Besar (Poltabes) - special
• b. Kepolisian Daerah/ Polisi Daerah (Polda) is commands for capital city district and cities
the provincial police command to cover
f. Kepolisian Resort/ Polisi Resort (Polres) - district
provinces.
command for districts
QUALIFICATIONS g. Kepolisian Sektor/ Polisi Sektor (Polsek) - sub
district command h. Community Police Officers
1. Police recruits were volunteers (Polmas) – villages
2. Applicants were required to have at least a sixth-
grade education or High school graduates and FUNCTIONS & RESPONSIBILITIES
need to pass a competitive examination
3. Age 17 to 22 years old 1. Provide protection and service to the community
4. 65 inches tall (including aspects of security, surety, safety and
5. Girls must be a virgin peace)
6. Other qualifications included physical fitness 2. Provide guidance to the community through
good moral character preemptive efforts that can raise awareness and
RECRUITMENT PROCESS strength as well as legal compliance to the
community.
3. Enforcing the law in a professional and
1. Indonesian citizen (male/female) proportionate way to uphold the rule of law and
2. Age: 16 years old - 21 years old human rights leads to the existence of legal
3. Faith and fear of God almighty certainty and sense of justice.
4. Have at least 6th grade education and to pass 4. Maintaining public order and safety by
a competitive examination considering the norms and values that apply in
5. Physically and spiritually healthy (medical territorial integrity of the legal frame of the
certificate from a medical institution) Republic of Indonesia.
6. Never been convicted of a crime 5. Manage human resources professional police in
7. Authoritative, honest, fair and of good moral achieving the realization of the security police in
character the country so as to encourage increased morale
• The Police Command Staff School in order to achieve public welfare.
offered advanced training to the police 6. Maintain solidity police institutions from various
officers assigned to command units at external influences that are harmful
the sub-district, district, and Polda level. organizations.
Training focused on administration and 7. Continuing operations to restore security in
logistics. several areas of conflict to ensure the integrity of
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE the Unitary Republic of Indonesia.
COUNTRY 8: SINGAPORE
Centralized and divided into territorial forces SINGAPORE POLICING SYSTEM

a. Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia (Polri) is

• Singapore's policing began with the
the official police force of Indonesia. As a national
agency, it has a large central headquarters in establishment of a small team under the British
Jakarta (Markas Besar/Mabes). It is under the East India Company in 1819.
jurisdiction of the Defense Minister. • Singapore Police Force (SPF) became part of
the Straits Settlements Police Force in 1826.
b. Kepolisian Daerah/ Polisi Daerah (Polda) is the • Thomas Dunman became the first full-time
provincial police command to cover provinces. Commissioner of Police in 1857.
• Detective Branch was established in 1862,
The Indonesian National Police command structure
precursor to the Criminal Investigation
at the provincial level regions or areas such as
Department.
special. Police area is a direct extension of Mapolri
led by an Inspector General of Police and Brigadier • Marine Police formed in 1866 to tackle piracy.
General of Police. • Criminal Intelligence Department founded in
1918 to combat seditious activities.
• Traffic Police established in 1918 for traffic TECHNICAL EDUCATION CERTIFICATE
regulation. (Ν.Ι.Τ.Ε.Ο.) Provides a basic secretarial
• Police Training School established in 1929, later qualification for those holding or looking to
becoming the Police Academy. hold an appointment as a private secretary or
• Post-World War II, SPF faced challenges from assistants to junior managers.
communists and secret societies.
• SPF encountered difficulties during the 1950s 6. Pass a degree in any discipline from a
riots, including the Maria Hertogh Riots in 1950. recognized university.
• Hock Lee Bus Riots occurred in 1955 and
Chinese Middle School Riots in 1956, prompting 7. Have a Physical Employment STATUS
efforts to restore law and order. (PES) A or B only for male Singaporeans,
• Various units established including Radio (Female Singaporeans are exempted).
Division, Volunteer Special Constabulary, PHYSICAL EMPLOYMENT STATUS a
Gurkha Contingent, Security Branch, Riot mandatory medical examination to
Squad, and Airport Police. determine their medical status, which is used
• First batch of female constables recruited in as a guideline as to which vocation the
1949. person is placed.
• National Police Cadet Corps formed in 1959.
8. Singaporean or Singapore Permanent
• 1970s marked by political challenges, but SPF
Resident.
gained public support for efficiency.
• Successfully managed major incidents like Laju RECRUITMENT PROCESS
Hijack in 1974 and Spyros Disaster in 1978.
• Several units established in the 1970s and
1. Application
1980s to enhance operational capabilities.
2. Written Examination
• National Crime Prevention Council formed in
3. Medical Examination
1981, Neighbourhood Police Post system
4. Physical Examination
implemented in 1983.
5. Selection
• SPF involved in international policing missions, 6. Psychological Examination
reflecting Singapore's growing role on the global 7. Oral Interview
stage. 8. Final Interview
• 1990s saw SPF's professionalism highlighted in 9. Final Selection
high-profile cases.
• Emphasis on service excellence and Police force shall have the following functions
international cooperation. throughout Singapore:
• SPF received Singapore Quality Award in 2002 1. To maintain law and order;
and Special Commendation in 2007.
2. To preserve public peace;
• Continuously improving to maintain Singapore's 3. To prevent and detect crimes;
reputation as a safe city. 4. To apprehend offenders; and
QUALIFICATIONS 5. To exercise any other function conferred on
it by or under this Act or any other written law.

1. At least 18 years of age in the recruitment. The duties of the police force shall be to take lawful
measures for:
2. Undergone complete Full-time National
1. preserving public peace;
Service. NATIONAL SERVICE is a common
2. preventing and detecting crimes and
name for mandatory service programmed
offenses;
that requires all male Singaporean citizens
3. apprehending all persons whom police
and generation permanent residents who
officers are legally authorized to apprehend;
have reached the age of 18 to enroll for
4. regulating processions and assemblies in
national service. After which they can choose
public roads, public places or places of public
either Singapore Air Force (SAF), Singapore
resort;
Police Force (SPF), oог the Singapore Civil
5. regulating traffic upon public thoroughfares
Defense Force (SCDF).
and removing obstructions therefrom;
6. preserving order in public places and places
3. All applicants must be physically fit.
of public resort, at public meetings and in
assemblies for public amusements for which
4. Good eyesight and have normal color vision.
purpose, any police officer on duty shall have
free admission to all such places and
5. At least passes in the General Certificate of
meetings and assemblies while open to any
Education (GCE) ordinary level or NITEC
member of the public;
from the INSTITUTE of TECHNICAL
EDUCATION. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF
 7. assisting in carrying out the revenue, excise, • TNPD headquarters located in Bangkok,
sanitary, conservancy, quarantine and Thailand.
immigration laws;
8. assisting in preserving order in any port,
harbor, train station and airport in Singapore; QUALIFICATIONS
9. executing summons, subpoenas, warrants,
commitments and other processes issued by
the courts and Justices of the Peace; Must first pass a very competitive examination.
10. disseminating information to and advising the 1. High school graduates and a small group of
public and conducting prosecutions; policemen undergoing a four-year police education
11. protecting unclaimed and lost property and and training program at the Police Cadet Academy.
finding the owners thereof;
12. assisting in the protection of life and property 2. Law and political science degree graduates with a
at fires; six month police training course often called LPS
13. protecting persons from injury or death, and group.
public property from damage or loss, whether
3. Police Sergeants getting promoted known as
arising from criminal acts or in any other way;
Sergeant-becoming Lieutenant group.
14. attending the criminal courts and, if specially
ordered, the civil courts, and keeping order 4. Those with special knowledge or expertise in the
therein; law enforcement field who got transferred to be
15. escorting and guarding prisoners; officers and received six months of police training
16. executing such other duties as may by any which is called special group
written law be imposed on a police officer.
RECRUITMENT PROCESS
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
1. Application Individually assigned
identification date to submit the application
formto the recruitment staff.Each applicant
will be given an applicant's ID to carry
throughout the recruitment process.
2. Basic Knowledge Test
2.1. English Knowledge Test that involves
testing applicant's ability of Basic
English language skills: listening,
reading, writing and grammar.

2.2. Test of subject areas essential in

police work: Mathematics,
COUNTRY 9: THAILAND Investigation andNaturalScience.
THAILAND POLICING SYSTEM Each subject area comprises 35-50
• Police agency in Thailand is under Ministry of questions,
Interior, called Thailand National Police
Department (TNPD). 2.3. Basic Aptitude Test such as speed of
• TNPD performs police functions nationwide, perception, spatial orientation,
headed by a Director General or Commissioner memory, logical thinking test.
General. 3. Medical Examination Applicants will be
• Administrative Units handle administrative and required to undergo a medical examination at
staff matters, including planning, staffing, the police general hospital. Preparation
reporting, and budget preparation. guidelines to abstain from food 12 hours prior
• Operational Units carry out police work based on to the medical examination. Applicants must
Criminal Procedure Code and various Criminal be in proper attire and bring along their
Acts. applicant's ID, identity card and writing
• Auxiliary and Special Service Units provide instruments.
assistance and guidance to operational units to
enhance effectiveness. 4. Document Submission
• Commissioner General is assisted by three 4.1. Original documents with one copy of
Deputy Commissioner Generals and five each: Four colored one-inch photos 9
Assistant Commissioner Generals, all with the taken within three months prior to the
rank of Police Lieutenant General. application date) Identity card or
• Ranks in TNPD correspond to those of the army, Government Employee card House
except for the lowest rank of constable. Registration Certificate Must
Transcript
 4.2. Place and time to submit the Maintenance of public order through enforcement of
completed application form the Kingdom's lawis exercisedbytheRoyal Thai
Police (RTP), under control of Office of the Prime
5. Interview Applicants will be interviewed by Minister.
the Selection Committee Applicants must be
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
at the meeting room on time. They must be
properly attired andcarrytheirapplicant's ID
and personal identity card.

6. Aptitude Test This is to assess the suitability

of applicants to assume the job. The aptitude
test includes three steps:
6.1 Written Test. It is used to assess the
applicant's basic skills required for police
work. Thistestworks as a screening out
instrument for all applicants.
6.2 Teamwork Exercise. The test evaluates
how the applicants cooperate, communicate
and act. The ability to work in a team and to
execute leadership when needed has
become essential in a high-tech and
changing environment. In a group of five to
seven people, the applicants are given tasks COUNTRY 10: JAPAN
to solve by collaboration with each other. JAPAN POLICING
Crucial areas that are covered in teamwork • The police structure in Japan comprises the
exercise are cooperation/teamwork, capacity national police and prefectural police.
and attitude, initiative/ proactivity, leadership, • The National Police Safety Commission (NPSC)
drive motivation, goal orientation and National Police Agency (NPA) are national-
attentiveness, decision making and level organizations.
communication skills. 6.3 Individual • NPSC sets basic policy, while NPA administers
Examination. The last process of the police affairs, with NPSC having control over
Aptitude Ability Test includes an ability test NPA.
personal interview. The former is designed to • NPA maintains Regional Police Bureaus
measure the applicant's operational skills throughout the country.
such as simultaneous capacity, stress • Each prefecture has its own Prefectural Police
tolerance, spatial ability, vigilance and (PP) supervised by Prefectural Public Safety
alertness, etc. ] 7. Psychological Test the Commission.
Physical and Mental Check comprises the • National Police Academy, National Research
following: 7.1 Psychological Group Test. This Institute of Police Science, and Imperial Guard
test will be held at the RTP headquarters. Headquarters are affiliated with NPA.
The candidates are recommended to have • NPA determines general standards and policies,
their breakfast and be at the test room not with lower echelons responsible for detailed
later than 7:30. Theymust bring along their operations.
identity cards and writing instruments. 7.2 • In emergencies, NPA can take command of
Psychological Individual Interview. The prefectural police forces.
interview will be arranged by Medical • NPA headed by a commissioner general
Psychologists.Date and time of the interview appointed by NPSC with prime minister's
will be advised. approval.
• NPA's central office includes Secretariat,
Administration Bureau, and Criminal
Investigation Bureau.
• Administration Bureau manages personnel,
education, welfare, training, and inspections.
• Criminal Investigation Bureau handles research,
statistics, and investigations of nationally
important and international matters.
QUALIFICATIONS

1. Japanese citizen
2. Minimum Age Requirement Male Candidate-
19 years of age - Female-20 years of age
3. Must be physically and mentally healthy
 4. Must have 20/20 vision ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
5. Must not have a criminal record - this
prohibition extend to an applicant's parent,
grandparent,siblings, aunts, uncles, and
cousins. The family of the spouse and the
family environment in which he was raised.
6. Does not have any left-wing political leanings
7. Does not have a Tainted background
8. Must have a good religion Gakki. Religion
should not compete with police duties for the
police officer's time such as the Sokka
Gakkai in particular that has practices, such
as shakufuku.
9. At least a high school Graduate.
10. For standards such as physique, there are
some differences by state. The Fukuoka
prefectural police, the condition of the
physique, in the men's height is 160 cm or
more, weight is 47 kg or more, and the chest
measurement is 78 cm or more.
11. For women, height is 155. cm or more,
weight is 45 kg or more.
RECRUITMENT PROCESS COUNTRY 11: PHILIPPINES
PHILIPPINE POLICING
1. All Japanese police recruits undergo a • Philippine National Police (PNP) originated from
standardized curriculum set by Japan's the Philippine Constabulary (PC) established in
National PoliceAgency 1901 under American regime.
• In 1975, Presidential Decree no. 765 established
2. High school graduates undergo 1 year of the Philippine Constabulary Integrated National
police school. Police (PC/INP) as the national police force.
• After the 1986 People’s Revolution, a new
3. After which, they are given "hands on" Constitution called for a national and civilian
experience through three months of field police force.
work. • Republic Act No. 6975 established the PNP
4. Once the 3 months are over, the recruits then under the Department of the Interior and Local
return for 6 more months of training and Government (DILG) in 1990, effective January 1,
discussions about what they experienced. 1991.
5. College graduates undergo a slightly • PNP became operational on January 29, 1991,
different system. While they must also with members from PC, INP, and selected
experience 3 months of field work, they only personnel from major service units of the Armed
attend police school for 8 months beforehand Forces of the Philippines.
and 4 months after. • Republic Act No. 8551, enacted in 1998, aimed
6. Anyone attending their first year of police to further reform and reorganize the PNP into a
school must live in a dormitory, even if they're highly efficient and competent police force.
married. For single officers, this requirement
QUALIFICATIONS
extends into their first 6 months of duty.
● Protecting life, person, and property 1. A citizen of the Philippines;
● Preventing, suppressing, and investigating crimes;
2. A person of good moral character,
● Apprehending suspects; traffic enforcement; and,
● Maintaining public safety and order 3. Must have passed the psychiatric/psychological, drug
and physical tests to be administered by the PNP;

4. Must possess a formal baccalaureate degree from a

recognized learning institution;

5. Must be eligible:

● PNP Entrance (NAPOLCOM)

● RA No. 1080 (Bar and Board Examinations)

● PD No. 907 (CS eligibility to College Honor Graduates)

6. Must not have been dishonorably discharged from In case the number of qualified applicants is less
military employment or dismissed for cause from any than the quota or there is no
civilian position in the government;
qualified applicant,applicants from other localities
7. Must not have been convicted by final judgement of shall be considered according to the
an offense or crime involving moral turpitude; following priorities:
8. Must be at least one meter and sixty-two centimetres 1st priority - those coming from the adjacent cities/
(1.62m) in height for male and one meter and fifty-seven municipalities
centimetres (1.57m):
2nd priority - those coming from other
9. Must weight not more or less than five kilograms (5kg) cities/municipalities within the province or
from the standard weight corresponding to his/her
district
weight, age, and sex, and
3rd priority - those coming from any part of the region
10. Must not be less than twenty-one (21) nor more than
thirty (30) years of age upon taking oath. 4th priority - those coming from other regions

RECRUITMENT PROCESS g. The PNP Provincial/District Screening Committee

shall conduct a background
a. Police applicants submit their application papers investigation of the applicants, initial interview,
at the Office of the City/Municipal validate their documents and ensure their
Mayor. In case applications for police appointment compliance with the general qualifications for
are filed with any of the PNP onices, appointment within ten (10) working days
the applicants shall be advised to submit their from receipt of recommendation.
papers at the Office of the Mayor.
h. The PNP Provincial/District Screening Committee
b. In case National Support Units (NSU) are shall endorse to the PNP Regional
allocated a recruitment quota, police
ScreeningCommittee those found to be qualified for
applicants shall submit their application papers at final evaluation of compliance with
the NSU where the quota exists.
general qualifications.This shall include the conduct
c. Immediately upon receipt of the application of physical agility test, drug test,
papers, the Mayor shall refer all the
neuro-psychiatric examination,medical and dental
applicants to the local peace and order council examination, within ten (10) working
(POC) which shall inform them of the
days
screening schedule.
i. Within ten (10) working days, the PNP Regional
d. The POC shall evaluate within five (5) working Screening Committee shall submit the
days from receipt of referral the
list of candidates for appointment who passed the
qualifications of the applicants to determine if they initial screening and evaluation to the
meet the general qualifications for
NapolcomRegionalDirector through the PNP
appointment and to ensure that their names are Regional Director for confirmation.
included in the NAPOLCOM Roster of
j. The NAPOLCOM Regional Director returns the
Certified Eligibles. confirmed and certified list of proposed
e. The POC shall endorse to the Mayor within two appointees to the PNP Regional Director within three
(2) working days, the names of qualified (3) working days.
applicants. k. The PNP Regional Director issues appointment
papers to those certified to be qualified
f. From the list endorsed by the POC, the Mayor shall
recommend to the PNP and eligible,within three (3) working days.
Provincial/DistrictScreening Committee through the l. The appointment papers are forwarded to the
PNP Provincial/District Director, regional Civil Service Commission (CSC)
within three (3) working days,the names of qualified for attestation,within two (2) working days.
applicants in accordance with the
m. The Regional CSC attests and returns the
recruitment quota of the city/municipality. appointments to the PNP Regional Director.
n. The PNP Regional Director shall inform the Mayor
of the appointment of his
recommended furnishing a copy of the list of
appointees to the Napolcom Regional
Director, PNP Provincial Directorand Chief of Police,
within five (5) days from receipt of
the attested appointment.
o. The newly appointed policemen and newly
assigned policemen, if any, shall pay a
courtesy call on the Mayor before assuming their
duties
FUNCTIONS

The functions of the PNP include:

● Enforce all laws and ordinances relative to the
protection of lives and properties;
● Maintain peace and order and take all necessary
steps to ensure public safety;
● Investigate and prevent crimes, effect the arrest of
criminal offenders, bring offenders to
justice and assist in their prosecution;
● Exercise the general powers to make arrest,
search and seizure in accordance with the
Constitution and pertinent laws;
● Detain an arrested person for a period not beyond
what is prescribed by law, informing
the person so detained of all his rights under the
Constitution;
● Issue licenses for the possession of firearms and
explosives in accordance with law; and
● Supervise and control the training and operations
of security agencies, including issuing
licenses for security agencies, security guards and
private detectives to operate
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE