CHAPTER 3

MULTIPLE INTEGRALS
2.1 Double Integrals
Formulas

How this formula

come from?
2.1 Double Integrals

𝑏𝑑

ඵ 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑎𝑐

Interval of 𝑥 is 𝑎 ≪ 𝑥 ≪ 𝑏
Interval of 𝑦 is 𝑐 ≪ 𝑦 ≪ 𝑑
𝑑
Integrate ‘inner’ integral first ‫𝑓 𝑐׬‬ 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
Result from ‘inner integral’ integrate with respect to 𝑥
2.1 Double Integral (Example)
𝜋
3 4

න න 2𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 න sec 2 𝑦 = tan 𝑦

1 0
𝜋
3 4
= න 2𝑥 න 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
1 0
3
𝜋
= න 2𝑥 [tan 𝑦]04 𝑑𝑥
1
𝜋
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 − tan 0 (𝑥 2 )13 = 8
4

𝜋
3
Try for ‫׬‬0 ‫׬‬1 2𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
4
 2.1 Double Integrals (Vertical Stripe
technique)
Evaluate ‫ 𝑥 𝑅׭‬+ 𝑦 𝑑𝐴, where 𝑅 is triangular region with vertices (2,0), (0,0) and
(0,2)
y
Step 1: Sketch the graph 2
Step 2: Vertical strip move from left to right.
Min 𝑥 = 0; Max 𝑥 = 2; = interval for x 0 x
How to 2
determine Min 𝑦 = 0 Max 𝑦 = 2 − 𝑥; ; = interval for y
intervals of
integrals? 𝑥=2 𝑦=2−𝑥 2 2−𝑥
𝑦2 2
ඵ 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑑𝐴 = න න 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑑𝑥 = 2
2 0
3
𝑅 𝑥=0 𝑦=0 0
2.1.1 Double Integrals over Rectangular
Regions (Horizontal Stripe technique)
Sketch the triangular region 𝑅 with vertices (-6,4), (0,0) and (2,4)

A (-6,4)
C (2,4)

2
Slope AB 𝑦 = − 3 𝑥
Slope BC 𝑦 = 2𝑥

B (0,0)
 Continue (Horizontal Stripe technique)

Area of region,
𝑦=4 𝑥=𝑦/2

ඵ 𝑑𝐴 = න න 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑅 𝑦=0 𝑥=−3𝑦/2

𝑦=4
Area of region, 𝑦/2
= න [𝑥]−3𝑦/2 𝑑𝑦
‫𝐴𝑑 ׭‬ 𝑦=0
4
𝑦 3𝑦
=න + 𝑑𝑦 = 16 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 2
2 2
0
2.1.1 Double Integrals over Non-
rectangular Regions
By using double integrals, find the area of the regions enclosed by
𝑦 = 4 − 𝑥 2 , 𝑦 = 3𝑥
(1,3)
By substituting 𝑦 = 3𝑥 in 𝑦 = 4 − 𝑥 , we obtain coordinates (1,3)
2

and (-4,-12).
𝑥=1 𝑦=4−𝑥 2
Area of region ‫= 𝐴𝑑 𝑅׭‬ ‫=𝑥׬‬−4 ‫=𝑦׬‬3𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 (-4,-12)
1
2
= න[𝑦]4−𝑥
3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
−4
1

= න 4 − 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 20.83 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 2
−4
Volume

When the integrand of double integrals is 𝑧 = 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦), it can be interpreted as

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = ඵ 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑑𝐴

Where
𝑑𝐴 = 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 or 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
Volume (example)

 By using double integrals, find the volume of the solid enclosed by planes 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 𝑧 = 6,
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0 and 𝑧 = 0
Volume = ‫𝑥 𝑓 ׭‬, 𝑦 𝑑𝐴
6−2𝑥
𝑥=3 𝑦= 3

= න න 6 − 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑥=0 𝑦=0
3
3𝑦 2 6−2𝑥
= න[ 6 − 2𝑥 𝑦 − ]0 3 𝑑𝑥
2
0
3
(6 − 2𝑥)2 3 6 − 2𝑥 2
=න − 𝑑𝑥
3 2 9
0
3
1
= න(6 − 2𝑥)2 = 6 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 3
6
0
6−3𝑦
𝑦=2 𝑥=
Try horizontal stripe technique ‫=𝑦׬‬0 ‫=𝑥׬‬0 2 6 − 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
 Group-work 2-1
1. Evaluate
2 1

න න 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
2
1 1 −1
0
-1 1 1.5 2 (Answer: 14)
-2
-3
2. By using double integrals, find the area of the regions enclosed by
-4
Curves 𝑦 = 1/𝑥 2 , 𝑦 = −𝑥 2 , lines 𝑥 = 1, 𝑥 = 2
-5

(Exercise 2B. 2a)

3. Find the volume of the solid bounded by
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 2 (projection on xy-plane)
(Exercise 2B. 4a)
4. Evaluate the following double integrals.
‫ ׭‬2𝑥𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 3 𝑑𝐴 where 𝑅 = 𝑥, 𝑦 : 1 ≪ 𝑥 ≪ 2, −1 ≪ 𝑦 ≪ 1
(Exercise 2B. 5a)