AWFG 2024 Detailed Schedule

Most Important Things to Read Before you begin.

(1) The AWFG is not a replacement for MGP. It requires discipline and committment. Do not join the program if you lack discipline and committment.
(2) Tests will be conducted on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays – starting from 24th June (Monday).
(3) Offline Discussion will be held at Karol Bagh center and live stream of the same shall be available in you Academy Portal.
(4) Test will be made available at 2PM and the window for submission of answer copies shall close at 4PM. Solutions will be available by 7PM.
(5) Mentorship support for AWFG is not there unless you are also a part of MGP.
(6) Tests may contain Topics/ Questions from Previous Test Syllabus in some cases. Kindly be prepared for it.
(7) We recommend candidates to join MGP for 3 hours Answer Writing experience and Mentorship Support.
(8) This page will be regularly updated with any changes.

Date/ Test
# Code Day/ Time Test Name Syllabus ( Refer to Syllabus Tab )
GS Paper 2 - [7 Tests]
Test #1 (7
Questions / 1
1 24-Jun-24 Monday Hour) GS Paper 2 / Topic 1, 4, 7 [Indian Polity]
Test #2 (7
Questions / 1
2 28-Jun-24 Friday Hour) GS Paper 2 / Topic 2, 3, 5, 6 [Indian Polity]
Test #3 (7
Questions / 1
3 1-Jul-24 Monday Hour) GS Paper 2 / Topic 8, 9, 11 [Indian Polity]
Test #4 (7
Questions / 1
4 5-Jul-24 Friday Hour) GS Paper 2 / Topic 12, 13, 14 [Welfare Schemes + Social Justice]
Test #5 (7
Questions / 1
5 8-Jul-24 Monday Hour) GS Paper 2 / Topic 10 15, 16 [Government policies + Governance]
Test #6 (7
Questions / 1
6 10-Jul-24 Wednesday Hour) GS Paper 2 / Topic 17, 18 [IR]
Test #7 (7
Questions / 1
7 12-Jul-24 Friday Hour) GS Paper 2 / Topic 19, 20 [IR]
GS Paper 3 - [7 Tests]
Test #8 (7
Questions / 1
8 15-Jul-24 Monday Hour) GS Paper 3 / Topic 1, 2, 3 [Indian Economy]
Test #9 (7
Questions / 1
9 17-Jul-24 Wednesday Hour) GS Paper 3 / Topic 4, 5, 6 [Agriculture]
Test #10 (7
Questions / 1
10 19-Jul-24 Friday Hour) GS Paper 3 / Topic 7, 8 [Land Reforms, LPG, Industrial Policy]
Test #11 (7
Questions / 1
11 22-Jul-24 Monday Hour) GS Paper 3 / Topic 9, 10 [Indian Economy]
Test #12 (7
Questions / 1
12 24-Jul-24 Wednesday Hour) GS Paper 3 / Topic 11, 12, 13 [Science & Technology]
Test #13 (7
Questions / 1
13 26-Jul-24 Friday Hour) GS Paper 3 / Topic 14, 15 [Environment & Disaster Management]
Test #14 (7
Questions / 1
14 29-Jul-24 Monday Hour) GS Paper 3 / Topic 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 [Security]
GS Paper 4 - [4 Tests]
Test #15 (7
Questions / 1
15 31-Jul-24 Wednesday Hour) GS Paper 4 / Topic 1, 5 + Two Case Studies
Test #16 (7
Questions / 1
16 2-Aug-24 Friday Hour) GS Paper 4 / Topic 2, 4 + Two Case Studies
Test #17 (7
Questions / 1
17 5-Aug-24 Monday Hour) GS Paper 4 / Topic 3, 6 + Two Case Studies
Test #18 (7
Questions / 1
18 7-Aug-24 Wednesday Hour) GS Paper 4 / Topic 7 + Two Case Studies
GS Paper 1 - [7 Tests]
Test #19 (7
Questions / 1
19 9-Aug-24 Friday Hour) GS paper 1 / Topic 2 [Modern history]
Test #20 (7
Questions / 1
20 12-Aug-24 Monday Hour) GS paper 1 / Topic 1 [Art and Culture]
Test #21 (7
Questions / 1
21 14-Aug-24 Wednesday Hour) GS paper 1 / Topic 4 [ World History]
Test #22 (7
Questions / 1
22 16-Aug-24 Friday Hour) GS paper 1 / Topic 3 [ Post Independence]
Test #23 (7
Questions / 1
23 19-Aug-24 Monday Hour) GS paper 1 / Topic 5 [Indian Society]
Test #24 (7
Questions / 1
24 21-Aug-24 Wednesday Hour) GS paper 1 / Topic 6, 7 [Geography]
Test#25 (7
Questions / 1
25 23-Aug-24 Friday Hour) GS paper 1 / Topic 8 [Geography]
GS - 1
INDIAN HERITAGE AND CULTURE, HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY OF THE WORLD AND SOCIETY.
Topic 1 Art & Culture : Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
Modern History : Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities,
Topic 2 issues. The Freedom Struggle — its various stages and important contributors/contributions from different parts of the country.
Topic 3 Post-Independence : Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the country.
World History : History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial revolution, world wars, redrawal of national
Topic 4 boundaries, colonization, decolonization, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc.— their forms and effect on the society.
Indian Society : Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India. Role of women and women’s organization, population and associated
issues, poverty and developmental issues, urbanization, their problems and their remedies. Effects of globalization on Indian society. Social
Topic 5 empowerment, communalism, regionalism & secularism.
Topic 6 Physical Geography : Salient features of world’s physical geography.
Human and Economic Geography : Distribution of key natural resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian sub-continent);
Topic 7 factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world (including India).
Geophysical Phenomena : Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc., geographical features
and their location-changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such
Topic 8 changes.

GS - 2
GOVERNANCE, CONSTITUTION, POLITY, SOCIAL JUSTICE AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS.
Topic 1 Indian Constitution—historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure.
Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and
Topic 2 finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
Topic 3 Separation of powers between various organs dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions.
Topic 4 Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries.
Topic 5 Parliament and State legislatures—structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.
Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary—Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups
Topic 6 and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
Topic 7 Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act.
Topic 8 Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies.
Topic 9 Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies.
Topic 10 Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.
Development processes and the development industry —the role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and associations, donors, charities,
Topic 11 institutional and other stakeholders.
Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws,
Topic 12 institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections.
Topic 13 Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.
Topic 14 Issues relating to poverty and hunger.
Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability, e-governance applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential;
Topic 15 citizens charters, transparency & accountability and institutional and other measures.
Topic 16 Role of civil services in a democracy.
Topic 17 India and its neighbourhood- relations.
Topic 18 Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.
Topic 19 Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora.
Topic 20 Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate.

GS - 3
TECHNOLOGY, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, BIO DIVERSITY, ENVIRONMENT, SECURITY AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Topic 1 Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment.
Topic 2 Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.
Topic 3 Government Budgeting.
Major crops-cropping patterns in various parts of the country, – different types of irrigation and irrigation systems storage, transport and
Topic 4 marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers.
Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public Distribution System- objectives, functioning, limitations,
Topic 5 revamping; issues of buffer stocks and food security; Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing.
Food processing and related industries in India- scope’ and significance, location, upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain
Topic 6 management.
Topic 7 Land reforms in India.
Topic 8 Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth.
Topic 9 Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.
Topic 10 Investment models.
Topic 11 Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
Topic 12 Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology.
Topic 13 Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, biotechnology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.
Topic 14 Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
Topic 15 Disaster and disaster management.
Topic 16 Linkages between development and spread of extremism.
Topic 17 Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security.
Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role of media and social networking sites in internal security challenges,
Topic 18 basics of cyber security; money-laundering and its prevention.
Topic 19 Security challenges and their management in border areas – linkages of organized crime with terrorism.
Topic 20 Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate.

GS - 4
ETHICS, INTEGRITY AND APTITUDE
Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in-human actions; dimensions of ethics; ethics – in private and
public relationships. Human Values – lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators; role of family society
Topic 1 and educational institutions in inculcating values.
Attitude: content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and behaviour; moral and political attitudes; social influence and
Topic 2 persuasion.
Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service, integrity, impartiality and non-partisanship, objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy,
Topic 3 tolerance and compassion towards the weaker-sections.
Topic 4 Emotional intelligence-concepts, and their utilities and application in administration and governance.
Topic 5 Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world.
Public/Civil service values and Ethics in Public administration: Status and problems; ethical concerns and dilemmas in government and private
institutions; laws, rules, regulations and conscience as sources of ethical guidance; accountability and ethical governance; strengthening of
Topic 6 ethical and moral values in governance; ethical issues in international relations and funding; corporate governance.
Probity in Governance: Concept of public service; Philosophical basis of governance and probity; Information sharing and transparency in
government, Right to Information, Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, Citizen’s Charters, Work culture, Quality of service delivery, Utilization of
Topic 7 public funds, challenges of corruption.
Topic 8 Case Studies on above issues.
 AWFG What You Should Know [Pronounced as Y-Sec]
Things to Know:
#1 In each Topics of the syllabus, we have provided a pool of questions/themes which a candidate should be familiar with. These are minimum basic questions which a candidate must/should know or
prepare and come to give the test.
#2 The actual questions asked in the AWFG will be based on the below pool of questions. They may have similar theme.
GS - 1 [What You Should Know] [Pronounced as (Y-Sec)
Topic 1 Art & Culture : Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
1. Why did ancient civilizations flourished at the banks of rivers?
2. Why Bronze age came before Iron age?
3. Despite iron weapons were of inferior quality still Iron age replaced Bronze age. Why?
4. Why IVC was Urban and Vedic civilization is considered as rural settlement?
5. What were various Art and craft developed during IVC.
6. How do we know about IVC
7. What are various theories are associated with decline of IVC.
8. How IVC was different from Vedic civilization?
9. How Early Vedic civilization was different from Later Vedic Civilization?
10. Why area around Magadh (Modern day Bihar) became cradle of Great Empires?
11. What is shruti literature and how it is different from Smriti Literature?
12. What is Sangam age and how literature of that era help us in understanding society of south India?
13. What do you understand by Nastic and Astik school of Indian philosophy?
14. What factors led to the rise of Buddhism and Jainism during 6th century BC in India.
15. What factors led to the decline of Buddhism and Jainism in India?
16. What is contribution of Mauryas in Indian art and Culture?
17. What is contribution of Kushanas in Indian art and Culture?
18. What is contribution of Guptas in Indian art and Culture?
19. What is contribution of Cholas in Indian art and Culture?
20. What is contribution of Pallavas in Indian art and Culture?
21. What is contribution of Vijayanagar Empire in Indian art and Culture?
22. What is contribution of Chalukyas and Rastrakutas in Indian art and Culture?
23. What are Mahanaya, Hinayana and Vajrayanas sect of Buddhism.
24. How Digambar and Swetambar sects of Jainism are similar and still distinct in essence.
25. How Gandhara, Mathura and Amravati school of Buddhism were different from each other?
26. How Ellora, Elephanta and Ajanta caves were different from each other?
27. Why Buddhism became more famous than Jainism in Ancient India?
28. What factors were responsible for spread of Buddhism in different parts of the world during Ancient India?
29. How core ideas of Buddhism are different from Jainism?
30. What was impact of Buddhism and Jainism on ancient and present Indian Society?
31. What was contribution of Alvar and Naynar saints in resurrection of Hinduism during 6th Century AD.
32. What was impact of Sufism on socio-cultural aspect of Indian Society?
33. What was impact of Bhakti movement on socio-cultural aspect of Indian Society?
34. What was contribution of Shankardeva in spread of Vaishnavism in North-East India?
35. What was contribution of Shankaracharya in revival of Hinduism in India?
36. What is Mural and miniature painting?
37. What is role of Prehistoric rock paintings in reconstruction of ancient Human civilization?
38. How Mughal and Rajput school of miniature painting are different from each other.
39. What is contribution of Pala dynasty in Indian Art and Culture?
40. What is contribution of Bombay and Bengal school of Indian Painting.
41. What were new features added to Indian painting and Architectural styles by British?
42. What are different kinds of Musical instruments?
43. How Carnatic music is different from Hindustani music?
44. What are various subtypes of Hindustani music?
45. What is intangible cultural heritage and mention various ICH of India.
46. What are different Puppet forms prevalent in India?
47. What are various classical dance forms of India?
48. Compare and contrast Nagara, Dravida and Vesara style of temple architecture.
49. What are salient features of Vijaynagar temple architecture.
50. What are stupas and what is its religious significance?
51. What were unique elements added by Mughal architecture in India?
52. What are salient features of Chola Natraja?
53. What is the role of documents left by foreign travellers in reconstruction of India’s past?
54. What was the contribution of Delhi Sultanate in India’s Art and Architecture?
55. What was the contribution of Charles Correa and Lauri Baker in Indian Architectural style?
56. What was the significance of Bombay school of art in Indian Painting?
57. What do you understand by Pahari school of painting?
WYSK - Topic 1 58. What was the contribution of Bengal school of painting in Indian Nationalism

Modern History : Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues. The Freedom Struggle — its
Topic 2 various stages and important contributors/contributions from different parts of the country.
1. What factors contributed to the British success in the Carnatic Wars?
2. Elaborate how Bengal played a decisive role in the rise of British power in India.
3. To what extent do you agree that Battle of Plassey led India into a modern age?
4. Discuss the causes that led to the ‘economic drain’ in Bengal following the Battle of Plassey.
5. Do you agree that Battle of Buxar was more important for British than the Battle of Plassey? Justify
6. Why was Mysore considered a threat by the British to their possessions and mercantile interests in the south?
7. How did internal quarrels, lack of strategy and poor diplomacy by Marathas gave British the control of almost all the country?
8. What were causes that led to the annexation of Punjab by the British.
9. What was the British policy towards Indian States between 1818-1858.
10. What was the British policy of ‘Subordinate union’ of Indian States with British India from 1858 to 1905.
11. How far did Subsidiary Alliance system contribute in making the British Company the supreme sovereign authority in India?
12. What was the system of Dual Government introduced in Bengal by Robert Clive?
13. How did The Regulating Act (1773), the Pitt’s India Act (1784) and eventually the Charter Act of 1833 led to a decreased in the political and economical power of East India
Company?
15. Briefly explain : The Permanent Settlement, Ryotwari Settlement and Mahalwari Settlement.
16. Do you think Bengal’s Permanent land settlement led to Absentee landlordism? Justify
17. What do you mean by commercialization of Indian Agriculture? What were its consequences?
18. how British industrial policy in the nineteenth century ruined the Indian handicrafts.
19. what do you understand by the term ‘de-industrialization’ in India during the nineteenth century.
20. what was the Drain Theory of Dadabhai Nauroji. Assess its impact in the growth of economic nationalism.
21. How did the British railway construction policy in India benefited British economy in the nineteenth century?
22. what were the the factors responsible for the recurrence of famines in the nineteenth century. What remedial measures were adopted by the British Indian Government?
23. how the educational policy of the English East India Company served the imperial interests of Great Britain.
24. What was the Anglicist-Orientalist controversy about? How was it resolved?
25. What role Vernacular press played to bring awareness about social issues in nineteenth century India?
26. how Growth of vernacular literature in the 19th and the 20th centuries paved the way for social reform and cultural revival in India. Analyse
27. what was the impact of Christian Missionary from 1813 onwards.
28. The Charter Act of 1813 was an important benchmark in the push towards westernisation of India. Comment
29. what were the major roles played by Ram Mohan Roy in bringing the Indian renaissance.
30. what was the Young Bengal Movement.
31. To what extent British were responsible for the emergence of socio-religious reform movements in India?
32. What was the impact of religious reform movements of the 19th century in Indian society?
33. what was the the role played by Raja Rammohan Roy and his Brahmo Samaj in bringing about religious reforms.
34. how Prarthana Samaj worked as an institution for religious as well as social reform?
35. what was the ideology of the Arya Samaj and how it contributed to social and religious reforms.
36. How was Theosophical Society instrumental in promoting ancient Indian religions.
37. what was the contribution of the Aligarh Movement towards cultural and educational reforms amongst the Muslims.
38. Write about the origins and character of major peasant and tribal uprisings in the late 18th and 19th centuries.
39. How was the nature of peasant and tribal revolts different from the one led by new emerging urban middle class?
40. Provide a brief description about: a) Deccan Uprising of 1875 b) Moplah revolt c) Indigo Revolt of 1859-60
41. what was the nature of the Revolt of 1857. How did it affect the British policy in India after 1858?
42. what was the nature of peasant movements during the nationalist phase.
43. what the nature of peasant movements under the Kisan Sabhas during 1920-1940.
44. what were the economic and social factors which led to the rise of Indian nationalism in the second half of the nineteenth century
45. what was the Ilbert Bill controversy.
46. how the local self-government in Indian in the nineteenth century evolved.
47. To what extent was the emergence of the Congress in 1885 the culmination of a process of political awakening that had its beginning in the 1870s?
48. what was the the 'Safety Valve Theory' related with the formation of Congress.
49. what were the the major role played by Moderates. What were the drawbacks of their policies?
50. what was the the nature of Anti-Partition Agitation of 1905.
51. How atmashakti (self-reliance) was a moving force behind the Swadeshi Movement in Bengal?
52. what were the major trends of the Swadeshi Movement in Bengal.
53. how the Extremist impacted Indian National Movement.
54. The Surat split was a victory of the British policy of Divide and Rule. Comment
55. What were the major objectives of the Home Rule League movement?
56. How was the Gandhian nationalism different from earlier forms of nationalism shown in India?
57. To what extent the conditions created by the World War 1 responsible for Gandhi's rise as a mass leader?
58. Provide a brief description about : a) Champaran Satyagrah b) Ahmedabad Mill Strike c) Kheda Satyagraha
59. Provide a brief description about : a) Rowlatt Satyagraha b) Jallianwala Bagh incident c) Khilafat movement
60. what was the nature of Non-Cooperation Movement as propounded by Mahatama Gandhi.
61. how Mahatma Gandhi was a mixture of Western and Indian Philosophy?
62. what was the the role played by the Swarajistis within the Indian National Congress.
63. How was the Nehru Report an important milestone in India's struggle towards freedom?
64. what was the nature of Civil Disobedience Movement.
65. How was Civil Disobedience Movement different from Non-Cooperation Movement.
66. what was the importance of Lahore and Karachi session in India's National Movement.
67. what were the Round Table Conferences and its significance.
68. what was the impact of formation of Congress ministries in 1937
69. why Cripps Mission India is called a post-dated cheque?
70. was Quit India Movement a ‘Spontaneous Revolution’?
71. how the role of women in Quit India Movement impacted Indian freedom struggle.
72. what were different parallel governments and their works during Quit India Movement.
73. what were: a) Wavell Plan b) Cabinet Mission Plan c) Plan Balkan d) Mountbatten Plan
74. why Congress accepted the partition of India in 1947
75. Why did the British finally quit India on 15th August 1947?
76. what were the causes of the rise and progress of revolutionary movements in India from 1905 to 1931.
77. what was Gandhian movement and its significance?
78. what were the factors which contributed to rise and growth of leftism in the Congress movement. What impact did it have on contemporary Indian politics?
79. what was status of freedom struggle in Princely states?
80. Briefly explain: a) Royal Indian Navy (RIN) Revolt b) INA Trials
81. Compare and contrast the ideologies of Mahatama Gandhi and :
a) Rabindranath Tagore b) BR Ambedkar c) Subhash Chandra Bose d) Jawaharlal Nehru
82. What administrative changes were seen in India after the passage of Government of India act of 1858?
83. What were the significant changes introduced by Indian Council Act of 1861 and 1892?
84. Explain the attitude of the Indian National Congress towards the constitutional changes of 1909.
85. “Montague-Chelmsford reform introduced ‘dyarchy’, but blurred the lines of responsibility.” Examine.
86. Why was an all India Federation as proposed under The Government of India Act, 1935 was objected by all parties?
87. what were major recommendations of Simon commission.
WYSK - Topic 2 88. what was Mountbatten Plan?

Topic 3 Post-Independence : Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the country.

1. Why Jawaharlal Nehru is considered as architect of India’s policy of non-alignment.
2. What was the role of Sardar Patel in the assimilation of independent principalities with India?
3. What was ‘Instrument of Accession’ and ‘Standstill Agreement’ signed by the Princely States with the Indian Union.
4. How did the assimilation of principalities of Junagarh, Hyderabad and Kashmir took place?
5. how linguistic reorganisation of States took place post- independence.
6. What were the challenges of deciding National Language after independence.
7. What was Hindu code bill and how it impacted Indian society and polity?
8. How approach of Patel was different from Nehru with respect to reorganization of states.
9. What was the Panchsheel policy of Jawaharlal Nehru?
10. how struggle for independence determined the future path which India took for industrial and social revolution.
11. What was the policy followed by Nehru with respect to the integration of the Tribals with mainstream society of India.
12. What were various Dalit Movements in India after independence.
13. What were the land reforms in India between 1947 and early 1960’s.
14. What was Nehru's concept of 'temple of Modern India'?
15. Operation flood is considered as a landmark in the story of cooperative movements in India. How did Operation Flood originate? What was its effect on the Indian society?
16. Provide a brief description about the "Bhoodaan Movement".
17. what are various environmental movements in independent India and its significance.
18. what are various farmers movements in independent India and its significance.
19. what are various women movements in independent India and its significance.
20. The land reform efforts in post-independence India aimed at restructuring agrarian relations within a democratic setup. Elucidate
21. What are the challenges with respect to formation of smaller states.
22. What were the recommendation of Dhar and JVP committee regarding formation of new states.
23. What was Anandpur Sahib resolution?
24. What were major bone of contention which culminated into Indo-China war in 1962?
25. Write a critical note on the evolution and significance of the slogan “Jai Jawan Jai Kisan”.
26. What were the contributing factors for 1991 economic crisis?
27. what were limitation of land reforms post-Independence?
28. What were the significance student movements post-independence.
29. What were various Dalit movements post-independence
30. what were immediate challenges before India soon after Independence
31. why did India choose Mixed economy post-independence
32. what were the causes of Emergency?
33. What was Shimla agreement and what were its various provisions?
34. What was Tashkent agreement and what were its provisions?
35. what were the reason for creation of Bangladesh as a sovereign nation and what was the role of India in this regard.
36. what were the causes which led to imposition of emergency in India and what was its long term impact on Indian democracy.
37. what was operation Cactus and its impact on India's foreign policy.
38. why India launched Operation Pawan and what were its implications on India's bilateral relation with Sri Lanka
39. how Goa was integrated to India.
40. how Sikkim was integrated to India
41. what is New Farmer Movements and how it is different from its previous version.
42. What is Naxalism and what is its genesis?
43. explain the rise of Naga insurgency and role played by successive Government in handling this issue.
44. explain the rise of Mizo insurgency and role played by successive Government in handling this issue.
45. what was Operation Smiling Buddha and why India executed it against all odds.
46. what is son of soil doctrine and assess its positive and negative implication on Indian polity.
47. What was the contribution of Lal Bahadur shastri towards India's socio-Economic and political development.
48. What was operation flood and what role it played in Indian economy?
49. What do you understand by ‘Sampoorna Kranti’ of J.P Narayan?
50. How J.P Movement impacted Indian Polity?
51. What is the significance of the slogan ‘Jai javan Jai kisan’?
52. What was operation blue star?
53. What was the positive and negative impact of Bank Nationalization?
54. How integration of N-E was different from other states of India?
55. What were three major challenges before India immediately after Independence?
56. What were the impact of LPG reforms on Indian social and economic dynamics?
WYSK - Topic 3 57. What was Dravida movement?

World History : History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial revolution, world wars, redrawal of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization,
Topic 4 political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc.— their forms and effect on the society.
1. How intellectual revolution in west created foundation for Industrial revolution.
2. What is difference between imperialism and colonialism?
3. How communism is different from socialism?
4. How socialism is different from Capitalism.?
5. How Mercantilism contributed in growth of colonialism?
6. What is neo colonialism and neo-imperialism?
7. Why Asian and African Countries were easy target for Colonialism?
8. Is colonialism dead in present context?
9. how colonial past still marring the Global Politics and creating instability across world?
10. How American colony of British was different from their colonies elsewhere in the world?
11. What were Politico-Economic reasons for American revolution?
12. What was Boston tea party incidence and what were its ramification on American Revolution?
13. What was the role of intellectuals over American revolution?
14. What Political values originated from AR.
15. What were Political, Economic and Social impact of AR?
16. How AR inspired Indian Freedom Struggle?
17. What do you understand by 'Bill of Rights'?
18. What were the reasons behind the American Civil War? What was the aftermath of the American Civil War?
19. What do you understand by Feudalism? How was the end of feudalism responsible for ushering the world into the modern age?
20. In what ways did the Renaissance impact the World? What were the limitations of the same?
21. How did Renaissance and Enlightenment act as an agent of change in Europe?
22. What were the reasons for the colonization of America?
23. What were the factors that led to growth of American nationalism during the 1760's?
24. Why the sentiments against the British were stronger than against the French in the American colonies during pre-war decade from 1765 to 1775?
25. How far do you agree that American Revolution was essentially an economic conflict between American capitalism and British mercantilism?
26. What were the causes and consequences of the Boston Tea Party.
27. What were the causes of the American Revolution? What was the aftermath of the American Revolution?
28. What was the nature and significance of the slogan 'No Taxation without Representation' and 'Virtual Representation' during the American Revolution?
29. What was the impact of the American Revolution on Europe and its colonies?
30. What do you understand by 'Bill of Rights'?
31. What revolutionary ideas were contained in the American Constitution?
32. What were the reasons behind the American Civil War? What was the aftermath of the American Civil War? Also, discuss the role played by Abraham Lincoln in the abolition of
slavery.
33.How far do you believe American Revolution, from which little was expected, produced much; but the French Revolution, from which much was expected, produced little?
34. What were the various causes of the French Revolution? Discuss the impact that this revolution had on Europe.
35. What was the role of intellectuals in outbreak of the French Revolution?
36. What was the role of American Revolution in the outbreak of the French Revolution?
37. How far do you think the ideals of Enlightenment were reflected in the French Revolution?
38. What do you understand by the 'reign of terror' during the French Revolution? In what ways did it defeat the ideals of 1789 revolution?
39. What was the role of Robespierre in the French Revolution?
40. What was the 'Rule of Directory' during the French Revolution? What were its shortcomings?
41. How does legacy of the French Revolution continue to impact the present world?
42. What new political movements emerged in Europe after the French Revolution?
43. Why is Napoleon called as an 'Enlightened Despot'?
44. Why is Napoleon said to be 'Child of Revolution'?
45. How did Napoleon use ideals of French Revolution to restore monarchy in France?
46. What was the contribution made by Napoleon to Europe and the world?
47. What do you understand by 'Continental System' of Napoleon? What were its effects?
48. how Ascendency of Napoleon as a result of French Revolution was a watershed movement in history of Europe. Discuss.
49. what was the nature and significance of Napoleonic Wars.
50. What were the major reasons for fall of Napoleon?
52. what is the significance of defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo.
53. What is the Significance of Congress of Vienna(1813)? What were its limitations?
54. What do you understand by 'Balance of Power' in context of Congress of Vienna (1813)?
55. Compare and contrast the American Revolution and French Revolution.
56. How were the foundations of the modern world laid by the American and French Revolutions?
57. What was the impact of French Revolution on France and the world? How did it inspire revolutions In Latin America?
58. What do you understand by Nationalism? What the positive and negative effects of the same?
59. what were responsible for the rising of the ‘Nation-State System’ in Europe?
60. how unification of Italy and Germany can be attributed to Napoleonic rule. Discuss.
61. what was the role of Otto Von Bismarck in Germany’s unification.
62. How was the formation of nation-state in Britain unlike the rest of Europe?
63. What was the Young Italy movement started by Giuseppe Mazzini? How did the movement contribute to the process of unification of Italy?
64. what was the role of Cavour and Garibaldi in Italian Unification.
65. How did the Russo-Japanese War(1904-05) result in rise of Japan as a great power? How did it impact the Asian and European politics?
66. What was the Berlin Conference? What were the outcomes of the conference?
67. What was the Metternich system? Discuss its role in ensuring peace in Europe in the 1800s.
68. What were causes of the Balkan Wars? What were the major consequences of the Balkan Wars?
69. what were opium wars.
70. how Paris commune impacted the emergence of Internationalism in European countries?
71. What do you understand by the Meiji restoration? What impact did it have on Japan and the world?
72. What do you understand by 'Industrial Revolution'? What were the important Economic, Social and Political changes brought on by the Industrial Revolution?
73. How Agriculture revolution sowed the seed for the Industrial Revolution?
74. How did the Industrial Revolution change the means of production and production relations?
75. Why did the Industrial Revolution first occur in Britain? How did the process of Industrialisation in Japan and Russia Nations differ from that in England?
76. How did Industrial revolution sow the seeds of imperialism and colonialism?
77. How did Industrial Revolution give rise to Capitalism and Socialism?
78. What was the effect of Industrial Revolution on India?
79. How were the conditions and processes of Industrial Revolution of Japan different from those in Western Countries?
80. What was the Chartist movement? What were the consequences and significance of Chartism in gaining political rights and influence for the working class?
81. What is socialism? What factors were responsible for the rise of Socialism in 19th Century?
82. What is State Socialism? What are its limitations?
83. what were the limitations of utopian socialism. How was socialism redefined by Marx?
84. How did the early socialists differ from later socialist?
85. Write a short note on ideologies of Marxism, Leninism and Maoism? What are the limitations of Marxism, Leninism and Maoism?
86. What is Capitalism? What are the essential features of Capitalism? What are the major defects in the system?
87. Write a short note on the following:
a) Classless Society
b) Communist Manifesto
88. How was the Second international different from the First international?
89. What do you understand by Socialism? On What grounds Socialism has been criticised?
90. Discuss the role of Karl Marx in strengthening Labour movements worldwide. What are the major criticisms of his philosophy?
91. What are the major differences between Socialist and Capitalist economic system?
92. What were the reasons for the collapse of communism in the Eastern Europe in the beginning of 21st Century?
93. What were the long term and immediate causes for the First World War?
94. What was the policy of 'Splendid Isolation'?
95. How far do you agree that Germany was responsible for the First World War?
96. What were the reasons for the USA to join the First World War?
97. Why was Ottoman Empire called 'The Sick Man of Europe'? How was disintegration of Ottoman Empire responsible for First World War? What were the consequences of the War
for the Ottoman Empire?
98. What do you understand by 'Trench Warfare' and 'War of attrition'?
99. Write a short note on the Peace settlement of Paris,1919.
100. What were the main provisions of the Treaty of Versailles? How far do you think the provisions of Treaty were responsible for Second World War?
101. How did the peace treaties after First World War change the map of Europe?
102. How was the colonial question dealt with in the Peace treaties?
103. what were Social, Economic and Political impact of the First World War.
104. What were the main causes of the Russian Revolution? Why did the Russia withdraw from the First World War after the October Revolution? What were the consequences of the
Withdrawal for the war in general and Russia in particular?
105. how February and October Revolutions were different?
106. What were the reasons for the fall of Romanov dynasty in 1917? Also, discuss the shortcomings of the Provisional government.
WYSK - Topic 4 107. What were the differences between the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks?
 Indian Society : Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India. Role of women and women’s organization, population and associated issues, poverty and developmental issues,
Topic 5 urbanization, their problems and their remedies. Effects of globalization on Indian society. Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism & secularism.
#1 Write about the salient features of Indian society?
#2 Explain about various threats to unity and diversity?
#3 What are the various issues of gender equality in India?
#4 Throw some light over the issue of equal rights of women in India?
#5 What are the various sources of diversity in India?
#6 What are the various factors affecting social change in India?
#7 Trace the evolution of status of women in India?
#8 What are the various constitutional and legal rights of women in India?
#9 What are the various government initiatives related to women empowerment?
#10 What are the various types of manifests and latent violence against women?
#11 Compare the role of women organisations in pre and post independent India?
#12 How international women organisations has given impetus to women empowerment in India?
#13 What are the various issues faced by women organisations in India?
#14 Write in detail about female foeticide, its causes and its impacts?
#15 Describe various problems faced by Indian women in 21st century?
#16 What are the various impacts of globalisation on women empowerment in India?
#17 Examine the reasons for low labour force participation rate (LFPR) of women in India?
#18 Write in detail about the reproductive health related issues of women?
#19 What are the various factors for change in population?
#20 Write short note on IMR, MMR, Neonatal Mortality Rate.
#21 Enumerate the causes of skewed sex ration in India?
#22 What are the various types of migration?
#23 What are the consequences of international migration?
#24 What is demographic dividend? How India's demographic dividend is turning into a demographic disaster?
#25 Write in short about the ways to tackle dwindling sex ratio in India?
#26 What are the various social factors affecting IMR in India?
#27 What are the implications of gender disparity in India?
#28 Write in short about the population policy of India?
#29 Trace the evolution of demographic transition in India?
#30 Write about the phases of population control in India?
#31 Why India has limited success on demographic front?
#32 What is poverty? Compare its measurement strategy in pre and post independence India?
#33 Differentiate between absolute and relative poverty?
#34 Write about the various committees on poverty estimation?
#35 Analyse poverty as the multidimensional concept?
#36 Write a short note on feminisation of poverty?
#37 What are the various initiatives to alleviate poverty?
#38 Write short note on MGNREGA?
#39 What is urbanisation and how it has led to the problem of urban slums?
#40 Write about urbanisation as the socio cultural process?
#41 What are the various reasons for urban population growth?
#42 Write in detail about the smart cities project. How it aims to balance inclusivity and equity?
#43 What are the various problems of urbanisation in India?
#44 What are the various government policies related to urbanisation in India?
#45 What are the effects of globalisation on Indian society?
#46 What is communalism and its types?
#47 What are the various stages of communalism?
#48 Trace the evolution of communalism in India?
#49 Write about the interlinkages of globalisation and communalism in India?
#50 Write about the various initiatives to tackle communalism in India?
#51 What is regionalism?
#52 Why the issue of regionalism occurs in India?
#53 Trace the evolution of regionalism in India?
#54 Why the problem of regionalism still persists in modern India?
#55 Write about the various solutions to tackle the issue of regionalism in India.
#56 Write short note on secularism.
#57 Write a short note about the relationship between the individual, state and religion?
#58 Compare Indian secularism with western secularism.
#59 What are the various types of secularism?
#60 Write about the characteristics of Indian secularism?
#61 Trace the evolution of secularism in India?
#62 What are the various challenges to secularism in India?
#63 Write about the various steps to promote secularism in India?
#64 Write a short note on uniform civil code.
#65 Critically examine the need for uniform civil code in India. Also mention few cases relating the same.
#66 What is social empowerment?
#67 What are the various elements of empowerment?
#68 Examine the impact of regional political parties in Indian politics.
#69 Examine the role of caste in Indian politics.
WYSK - Topic 5 #70 Write a short note on patriarchy. how does it impact the position of middle class working women in India.

Topic 6 Physical Geography : Salient features of world’s physical geography.

#1 Write a short note on the origin of the earth.
#2 Compare the early and modern theory of origin of earth.
#3 Write a short note on formation of stars and planets.
#4 Trace the evolution of earth.
#5 Write about the layered structure of earth.
#6 What are latitudes and longitudes.
#7 Write the effects of rotation and revolution of earth.
#8 Write about the different types of eclipses.
#9 Write a short note on the geological time scale.
#10 Write in detail about the interiors of the earth.
#11 What are the various sources of information about the interior of the earth.
#12 Differentiate crust, mantle & core.
#13 What are the major elements of the earth crust.
#14 What are the different types of rocks?
#15 What are the different types of geomorphic forces?
#16 Write a short note on geomorphic process.
#17 Compare Orogenic & Epierogenic process.
#18 Compare endogenic and exogenic forces.
#19 What is weathering, how its different from mass movement.
#20Write in detail about the continental drift theory?
#21 What are the evidences in support of continental drift theory.
#22Write a short note on sea spreading.
#23Write a short note on conventional current theory.
#24Write a short note on plate tectonic theory.
#25Write in detail about different types of plate boundaries.
#26Write a short note on Indian plate
#27Write in detail about various geomorphic agents.
#28What are the various erosional landforms formed because of action of wind.
#29Compare running water and ground water as an agent of geomorphic processes
#30Write about the depositional landforms formed because of the glaciers.
#31Write a short note on plateaus. why are they economically important.
#32Compare chemical and biological agents of weathering.
#33Write about the various layers of atmosphere
#34Write a short note on heat balance of earth
#35Compare conduction, convection and advection.
#36What are the factors that control temperature distribution on earth.
#37What is atmospheric pressure. Compare horizontal and vertical distribution of pressure.
#38What is pressure gradient force?
#39Compare frictional and Coriolis force.
#40Write a short note on pressure belts.
#41Compare seasonal and local winds.
#42Compare land and sea breezes.
#43Write in detail about air mass.
#44What is frontogenesis. What are the different types of fronts formed.
#45Compare absolute and relative humidity.
#46What are the different types of clouds
#47What are the different types of rainfall?
#48Compare warm temperate eastern margin climate with cool temperate western margin climate.
#49Compare Mediterranean and steppes type climate.
#50Write a short note on hydrological cycle.
#51Write in detail about the major and minor ocean relief features.
#52Account for vertical and horizontal distribution of temperature in oceans.
#53What is salinity. What are the factors affecting salinity.
#54Account for vertical and horizontal distribution of salinity in oceans.
#55What is wave. Write about its characteristics.
#56What are the different types of tides. Write about its importance.
#57What is ocean current. What are its different types and effects.
#58What are the various techniques of water conservation.
#59Write about the different classification of soil.
#60What are the various factors responsible for soil formation.
#61Write about the economic, ecological, cultural significance of forests.
#62Analyse the different types of forests in India
WYSK - Topic 6 #63Differentiate social and agro forestry.

Human and Economic Geography : Distribution of key natural resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian sub-continent); factors responsible for the location of
Topic 7 primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world (including India).
#1 What are the various factors affecting population distribution.
#2 What are the causes of rapid increase in population.
#3What are the determinants of population growth.
#4Compare demographic transition theory with Malthusian theory of population growth.
#5Compare the population policies of India and China.
#6Critically analyse the relationship between housing types with climate and building materials.
#7Write a short note on pattern of India's urbanisation.
#8What are the issues of urbanisation in India.
#9 Write a short note on rural-urban migration.
#10 Write a short note on smart cities and AMRUT initiative.
#11 What is the importance of rehabilitation policy.
#12What are the various push and pull factors of migration in India.
#13Compare internal vs external migration.
#14What are the reasons for skewed sex ratio in India.
#15What is land degradation. What are its causes and impacts.
#16Write a short note on sustainable land management.
#17 Write in detail about the cropping pattern in India.
#18 What are the impact of climate change on agriculture in India.
#19 Write a short note on conditions for growth of wheat, rice, maize, tea and coffee.
#20Compare the production pattern of cotton and jute in India.
#21 Write in detail about the sugar industry of India.
#22Write about the distribution pattern of iron ore and bauxite industry in India.
#23Coal is anti-thetical to environment but still required for economic development. Analyse the statement in relation with India's SDG.
#24Compare renewable and non renewable sources of energy.
#25Account for world distribution of uranium.
#26Write a short note on hydrogen as a fuel for the future.
#27Write about the distribution pattern of iron and steel industry in India.
#28Write in detail about the distribution and production of cotton textile in India.
#29Write a short note on automobile industry in India.
#30Write in detail about the principal industrial region of the world.
#31Write a short note on Zealandia(the 8th continent)
#32Write a short note on Miyawaki method.
WYSK - Topic 7 #33What are dead zones.

Geophysical Phenomena : Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc., geographical features and their location-changes in
Topic 8 critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.
#1What are earthquakes and its effects.
#2Write about the different types of seismic waves.
#3What is shadow zone.
#4What is volcano and explain its different types.
#5Write a short note on mid oceanic ridge.
#6What are the various intrusive landforms related to volcano.
#7What is gradation,degradation,agradation.
#8What is diastrophism.
#9Compare tropical and extra-tropical cyclones.
#10What is tsunami and describe its causes.
#11Compare cyclones in Bay of Bengal and Arabian sea.
#12What is draught and explain its causes.
#13What are the various impacts of ice cap melting.
#14What are the causes and factors of deforestation.
#15Write a short note on urban floods.
#16Compare flooding with urban flooding.
#17Write a short note on sea surge.
#18Write in detail about the climate vulnerability map of India.
#19Write a short note on uranium contamination in ground water.
#20Describe WAVES(Wealth accounting and the valuation of ecosystem services)
#21Write a short note on National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project.
#22East African rift system is slowly breaking away with Madagascar, splitting into pieces. Comment
#23Compare shield and composite type volcanos.
#24Write in detail about the denudation processes
WYSK - Topic 8 #25Write a short note on Bamboonomics and arakunomics.
 AWFG - What You Should Know [Pronounced as Y-Sec]
Things to Know:
#1 In each Topics of the syllabus, we have provided a pool of questions/themes which a candidate should be familiar with. These are minimum basic questions which a candidate must/should know or
prepare and come to give the test.
#2 The actual questions asked in the AWFG will be based on the below pool of questions. They may have similar theme.
GS - 2 [What You Should Know] [Pronounced as (Y-Sec)]
Topic 1 Indian Constitution—historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure.
#1 What are the important acts that led to the evolution of Indian Constitution?
#2 What were the essential features of the governance system introduced by the Government of India Act 1858?
#3 What is Morley-Minto Reform? What changes did it introduce?
#4 What were the features of the governance system introduced by the Government of India Act 1919?
#5 What was the Communal Award of 1932?
#6 What is the importance of Government of India Act 1935 in the evolution of Indian Constitution?
#7 What were the features of the governance system introduced by the Government of India Act 1935?
#8 What do you understand by the term 'Dyarchy' in relation to the government of India Act 1919?
#9 Discuss the features of dyarchy introduced by the Government of India Act 1935?
#10 Why was Simon Commission formed? Why was it opposed in India?
#11 What changes did the Indian Independence Act 1947 bring about?
#12 How did 'objectives resolution' lay down the fundamentals and philosophy of the Indian constitution?
#13 What are the various grounds on which the Constitutional assembly has been criticised?
#14 There has been lot of debate regarding the position of Preamble in the Indian Constitution. What is the present position of the preamble in the Indian Constitution?
#15 Why is the Constitution of India called a living document?
#16 What is the significance of preamble in the Indian Constitution?
#17 What kind of equality does the preamble of the Constitution envisages? How do other parts of the constitution enable it?
#18 The Indian Constitution has been in force since 1950, What are its failures and achievements till date?
#19 What is the difference between social and political democracy? How does the Indian constitution promote them?
#20 Discuss the significance of changes introduced by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act 1976 to the constitution of India?
#21 How does Indian Constitution secure the ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity for the citizens of India as enshrined in the preamble?
#22 Discuss the nature of Indian state as envisaged in the preamble of the Indian Constitution.
#23 What do you understand by the term 'freedom of speech and expression' as enshrined in article 19 of the Indian Constitution? Discuss any three challenges to it in the present times?
#24 The 'right to life and personal liberty' under article 21 of the Indian constitution has an expansive vision. Discuss.
WYSK - Topic 1 #25 Why is it said that the Constitution of India grants fundamental rights with one hand and takes them away with the other?

Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges
Topic 2 therein.
#1 What do you understand by the 'asymmetric' nature of Indian federalism? What is its utility?
#2 The Constitution of India provides for a Quasi-federal polity. Discuss.
#3 What are the issues and challenges in the Indian federal structure?
#4 Though cooperative federalism is increasingly emphasized in recent times, it has been very much inherent in the design of the constitution. Discuss.
#5 What is the rationale behind the special provisions given to various states and region in our constitution?
#6 What is S.R.Bommai case? Why is it often quoted?
#7 List the major contemporary issues between the centre and the states in various domains.
#8 What are the factors that determine centre-state relations in India?
#9 What are the important recommendations of the Sarkaria Commission to remedy centre-state relations.
#10 Discuss the importance of article 256 in the context of Centre-state relations.
#11 What are the various mechanisms through which Centre provides financial assistance to the states.
#12 What are the major recommendations of Punchhi Commission for smooth functioning of Centre-state relations?
#13 What are the various bodies created to further cooperation between Centre and States.
#14 What do you understand by 'Principle of Federal Supremacy'?
#15 Write a short note on "Zonal Councils'.
#16 What are the constitutional techniques for Union's control over states?
#17 What is federalism? How is federalism inherent in the design of Indian Constitution?
#18 What are the grounds on which president's rule can be proclaimed in a state? What are the effects of such proclamation in a state?
#19 How has the 44th amendment to the constitution of India affected the working of the Article 356?
#20 What are the liabilities of the State for wrong committed by public servants on citizens?
#21 What is the role of Union and State Finance Commissions as envisaged by the Constitution of India?
#22 Which extra-constitutional bodies have been used since the adoption of the constitution to achieve federal comity?
#23 How do the provisions for financial emergency differ from those for the proclamation of emergency?
#24 What are the remedies available to a state to challenge a Presidential proclamation regarding failure of constitutional machinery in a state?
WYSK - Topic 2 #25 Which constitutional provisions shape Indian Union as a unitary state with subsidiary federal features?

Topic 3 Separation of powers between various organs dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions.
#1 What do you understand by the term 'division of powers'? How is it different from 'Separation of Powers'? Discuss their application in Indian Polity.
#2 Distinguish between the the doctrine of Separation Of Powers and principle of 'checks and balances'.
#3 Discuss the evolution of the doctrine of Separation of Powers.
#4 Enumerate the articles in the Constitution which facilitate separation of powers.
#5 How are the legislative powers distributed in the Indian Constitution?
#6 What are the important characteristics of the relationship between the Executive and the Legislature in India?
#7 How does the parliament ensure democratic functioning of the government?
#8 When can the parliament make law on a subject given in the State list?
#9 How does the office of profit affect legislative independence?
#10 How does separation of powers differ in parliamentary and presidential forms of government?
#11 How are financial powers distributed between Centre and states in the Indian constitution?
#12 What role do finances play in souring the relationship between the centre and the states? What are the constitutional mechanisms available to resolve such financial differences?
#13 How do ordinances muddy the legislative distribution of power? What is the justification for ordinance-making powers in the Indian constitutional scheme?
#14 How are disputes regarding legislative competence between centre and states resolved?
#15 What role does article 131 play in strengthening the separation of powers in the Indian polity?
#16 What effect have finance commissions had on separation of powers in the Indian federal structure?
#17 How does the constitution of India provide for legislative independence?
#18 What is the mechanism to ensure judicial independence in India?
#19 What do you understand by the term 'legislative independence'?
#20 What is the scheme for distribution of legislative powers in the Indian constitution?
#21 How is the distribution of legislative powers in the constitution of India different from the Government of India Act 1935?
#22 Under which conditions can the legislative power of the Union be expanded in India as per the constitutional provisions?
#23 How is the executive power distributed between centre and states in the Indian constitution?
#24 How does the separation of executive powers between centre and states vary between normal times and during proclamation of emergency?
WYSK - Topic 3 #25 How does the separation of legislative powers between centre and states vary between normal times and during proclamation of emergency?

Topic 4 Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries.
#1 How do Indian and British model of parliamentary system differ from each other?
#2 Compare and contrast the office of Indian and American Vice-president.
#3 Compare the distribution of legislative powers in India with similar provisions in other countries.
#4 Compare the powers of the Supreme Court of India with those of the Supreme Court in USA.
#5 Compare the functions and responsibilities of Comptroller and Auditor General of India with her counterpart in UK.
#6 Compare the powers of the Indian President with the President of USA.
#7 Compare the role of the President in the Indian polity with the powers and responsibilities of the English crown.
#8 How does the system of ministerial responsibility compare in India and England?
#9 Compare the veto powers of the Indian President with similar powers of the heads of governments in other countries.
#10 How do the exceptions to fundamental rights in India compare with the system of rights and freedoms under the constitution of USA?
#11 Compare the structure and powers of judiciary in India and USA.
#12 How does secularism in India compare with secularism in France and USA?
#13 What can the Indian secularism learn and adapt from the practice of secularism in France?
#14 How does the system of fundamental rights vary between India, England and USA?
#15 Compare Indian federalism with the federal features of the constitution of other countries.
#16 How does Indian federalism compare with federalism in USA?
#17 What are the different types of federal constitutions in the world?
#18 Compare the historical evolution of the system of rights & freedoms in India, USA and England.
#19 Compare the rigidity of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of USA.
#20 What are the points of differences between the constitutions of India and USA.
#21 What constitutional features have been adopted in India from practices in England?
#22 What is the source of conventions seen in the working of the Indian constitution? What are those conventions?
#23 Why has the constitution of India been referred to as a patchwork?
#24 What are the different sources from which the Indian Constitution has sourced its features?
WYSK - Topic 4 #25 What can France learn from the Indian secularism?

Topic 5 Parliament and State legislatures—structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.
#1 What is the composition of the Rajya Sabha? How does it ensure the participation of the states and Union Territories?
#2 What is the position and utility of the president in the Indian constitutional scheme?
#3 Why did the framers of the constitution not opt for direct election of the president?
#4 How is the president of India elected?
#5 What is impeachment? What is the procedure for the impeachment of the president?
#6 What are the major Executive and Legislative powers enjoyed by the President of India?
#7 Why is the prior approval of the President mandatory before introduction of money bills but not with respect to the constitutional amendment bills?
#8 How is the Vice-president of India elected?
#9 Discuss the importance of parliament in Indian polity.
#10 What are the functions of the Parliament in India? How do these compare withe role of the executive?
#11 What are the reasons for the decline in effective functioning of the parliament in India. Suggest suitable measures to make it effective and efficient.
#12 Compare and contrast the role of presiding officers of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.
#13 What are the scenarios when a member of parliament has to vacate his/her seat?
#14 What conventions must be adopted by the Parliament to maintain the neutrality of Speaker?
#15 What is the importance of Question hour in effective functioning of the parliament.
#16 What are Parliamentary privilieges?
#17 What is a cut motion? What are different kinds of cut motion?
#18 Compare and contrast 'resolutions' and 'motions' used in the Parliament.
#19 What is the difference between 'Censure Motion' and 'No-confidence Motion'?
#20 What are the different kinds of bills that can be introduced in the parliament?
#21 What is the procedure for passing an ordinary bill in the parliament?
#22 What are the different kinds of Financial Bills?
#23 What are the major differences between an ordinary bill and a money bill?
#24 What are the occasions when a joint sitting of the parliament would normally happen and also the occasions when it cannot, with reasons thereof?
WYSK - Topic 5 #25 What is contempt of parliament?

Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary—Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their
Topic 6 role in the Polity.
#1 What are the implications of increasing presidentialization of Indian parliamentary system?
#2 What are the functions and powers of the prime minister as the real head of the government?
#3 What is the constitutional relationship between the prime minister and the president of India?
#4 What is an executive? What is the difference between parliamentary and presidential executive?
#5 What is the rationale behind the 'Collective Responsibility of the Council of Ministers' in parliamentary form of government?
#6 What are the reasons for limit on the size of the Council of Ministers? Is there a need to increase this limit keeping in mind the increased diversification in matters of governance?
#7 What is the difference between Council of ministers and the Cabinet?
#8 What is the role played by cabinet committee on security?
#9 What is the importance of the independence of judiciary in a democracy?
#10 What are the merits and demerits of the system of integrated judiciary as practiced in India?
#11 What is the procedure for impeachment of a Supreme Court judge?
#12 How does the constitution of India enable judicial independence?
#13 Write a short note on 'the Original Jurisdiction of Supreme Court'.
#14 What is the meaning and significance of the power of Judicial Review?
#15 What are the constitutional provisions which confer power of Judicial Review on the Supreme Court?
#16 What is the difference between Judicial Review and Judicial Activism?
#17 What are the merits and demerits of judicial activism?
#18 Write short note on 'Judicial Restraint'.
#19 Write a short note on 'the Advisory jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of India'.
#20 What role have the various judgments of Supreme Court played in social transformation of India?
#21 What are the various provisions in place to ensure Judicial Accountability in India?
#22 What is the importance of bringing transparency in judicial appointments?
#23 What are virtual courtrooms? What role can they play in bringing effectiveness and efficiency in delivery of justice?
#24 What do you understand by doctrine of constitutional morality?
WYSK - Topic 6 #25 What are the constitutional provisions which bring out the constitutional position of the governor?

Topic 7 Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act.

#1 What are the grounds for disqualification of MPs and MLAs under the Representation of People Act 1951?
#2 What are the salient features of Anti-defection law.
#3 What is the need for an anti-defection law in the Indian constitutional scheme?
#4 What are the exceptions to the Anti-defection law?
#5 What changes were made to the Anti-defection law by the 91st Amendment Act, 2003?
#6 What are the important Supreme Court judgements with regard to the Representation of People Act 1951?
#7 What are the features of Representation of People Act 1950 and Representation of People Act 1951?
#8 Why is the anti-defection law seen to go against the principles of representative democracy?
#9 How can Representation of People Act make moral code of conduct more enforceable?
#10 What are the constitutional and legal provisions that operationalise elections in India?
#11 What was the ground for changes made to the Representation of People Act though the RPA (Amendment and Validation) Act 2013?
#12 What are the implication of section 123 of Representation of People Act on conduct of elections in India?
#13 What effect did Lily Thomas case 2014 have on RPA 1951?
#14 What were the implications of Jan Chowkidar case 2013 on RPA 1951?
#15 What are the pros and cons of Abhiram Singh Case 2018 vis-a-vis the conduct of elections in India?
#16 How does the RPA deal with the problem of criminalisation of politics in India?
#17 What legal changes were made to introduce the system of electoral bonds in India?
#18 How does the RPA deal with the problem of appeals to religion in election campaigning?
#19 What are the important changes made to the RPA over the years?
#20 What changes are needed in the Representation of People Act to improve the conduct of elections in India?
#21 What are the grounds of criticism of the RPA 1951?
#22 What do you understand by the term 'election petition'? How does the RPA deal with them?
#23 What are election tribunals? What are constitutional and legal provisions enabling them?
#24What are the electoral offences under the RPA 1951?
WYSK - Topic 7 #25 What is the procedure prescribed by the RPA 1950 and RPA 1951 for conduct of elections in India?

Topic 8 Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies.
#1 How are the Judges and Chief Justices of High Courts in India appointed?
#2 What is the procedure for election of the President of India?
#3 What is the procedure for election of the Vice-President of India?
#4 How arethe issues and challenges with the functioning of the Election Commission of India?
#5 What do understand by the collegiate system for judicial appointments?
#6 How is the Chief Justice of India appointed?
#7 How is the Chief Election Commissioner and other election commissioners appointed in India
#8 How are the members of the National Commission for Backward Classes appointed?
#9 How are the members of the National Commission for Scheduled Castes appointed?
#10 How are the members of the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes appointed?
#11 What are the functions and powers of the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes?
#12 What are the functions and powers of the National Commission for Scheduled Castes?
#13 What are the functions and powers of the National Commission for Backward Classes?
#14 What steps are required for constitutionalization of a Commission?
#15 What are the advantages of the constituitionalization of a Commission?
#16 What are the important constitutional bodies and their functions?
#17 What are the constitutional bodies that strengthen federalism in India? What are their aims and functions?
#18 What is an inter-state Commerce Commission? What are the constitutional provisions that enable it?
#19 How are the members of the Public Service Commission appointed?
#20 How does the constitution ensure independence of the Public Service Commissions?
#21 What are the functions of Public Service Commissions in India?
#22 How does the constitution ensure independence of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India?
#23 What are the responsibilities assigned to the Comptroller and Auditor General of India?
#24 What are the grounds of criticism of the functioning of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India?
WYSK - Topic 8 #25 What are the functions and responsibilities of the Union and State Finance Commissions?

Topic 9 Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies.

1. What is the composition and functions of National Human Rights Commission?
2. What are the limitations for National Commission for Women in providing social justice to women in India?
3. What role does the National Commission for Minorities play in preserving, promoting and protecting the rights of minorities in India?
4. What role does the National Human Rights Commission play in dealing with cases of human rights violations in India?
5. What is the role of NITI aayog in transforming Centre-state relations?
6. What are the grounds on which the NITI Aayog has been criticised?
7. What is the significance of Central Vigilance Commission in India?
8. What is the process of appointing Lokpal?
9. What is the significance of the Lokpal and Lokayukta Act, 2013 which created the institution of anti-corruption ombudsman.
10. What is the nature and significance of the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights?
11. What do you understand by the term 'tribunalisation of Justice'?
12. What are the issues with tribunalisation of justice?
13. What are quasi-judicial bodies?
14. What are the important Supreme Court Judgements regarding functioning of tribunals in India?
15. What are the implications of article 262 on the effectiveness of mechanism dealing with inter-state water disputes?
16. What is the procedure for appointment and removal the members of the Central Information Commission of India?
17. What are the challenges faced by Central Information Commission in implementing the Right to Information Act?
18. What are the issues in the functioning of Lokpal?
19. What do you understand by the term 'alternative dispute resolution'?
20. What are the measures taken by governments in India to operationalise alterative dispute resolution mechanism?
21. What is the constitutional and legal basis for the system of Lok Adalat in India?
22. What are Lok Adalats? How do they help in improving access to justice?
23. What are the issues in functioning of Lok Adalats?
24. What are the important Law Commission recommendations on tribunals?
WYSK - Topic 9 25. What are the powers and functions of the Competition Commission of India?

Topic 10 Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.
#1 What are the important aspects of the National Policy on Voluntary Sector 2007?
#2 What are the aims and objectives of the National Digital Health Mission? How can it help address legacy issues in health sector?
#3 What are the important provisions of Mental Health care Act 2017? What are the issues and challenges associated with the act?
#4 What are the important provisions of National Health Protection Scheme? What are the issues in it?
#5 What are the objectives and important provisions of the DNA Technology Regulation Bill 2018?
#6 What are the objectives and important provisions of the River Basin Management Bill 2018? What are the objections to it?
#7 What are the objectives and important provisions of the Inter-state River Water Dispute (Amendment) Bill 2019
#8 What are the objections to the DNA Technology Regulation Bill 2018?
#9 What are the objectives of the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi (Amendment) Act, 2021? How will it help improve governance?
#10 What is the governance structure for managing water resources in India? What measures the government must take to improve ground water situation?
#11 What is the governance structure for higher education in India? What are the issues that need to be addressed?
#12 What are the objectives of the Pradhan Mantri Bharatiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana? How does it seek to achieve them?
#13 What has been the impact of Electricity Act 2003 on governance and development of power sector in India? What are the issues in the power sector that need to be addressed?
#14 What changes does the Indian Ports Bill, 2020 seek to bring?
#15 What are the four labour codes and their important provisions?
#16 What are the issues that the proposed non-personal data governance framework seek to address?
#17 What is the expected impact of the proposed Data Empowerment and Protection Architecture on various stakeholders?
#18 What lessons can the Indian Data Empowerment and Protection Architecture learn from its global counterparts?
#19 What are the important provisions of India's National Health Policy?
#20 What legislative measures have been taken in recent times to improve the functioning of Tribunals in India?
#21 What are the issues in governance of water resources in India?
#22 What is the importance of apprenticeship in skilling India's working age population? What reforms have been taken to improve the architecture for apprenticeship in India?
#23 What are the important provisions of the draft National Electricity Policy 2021?
WYSK - Topic #24 What are the implications of the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021on intermediary protection and privacy?
10 #25 What are the important provisions of the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act 2021?

Topic 11 Development processes and the development industry —the role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders.
#1 What roles do NGOs play in the development process of the country?
#2 What are the concerns related to the functioning of NGOs in India?
#3 What roles do NGOs play in protecting Human Rights in India?
#4 What characteristics of Non-Governmental Organizations make them more suitable for undertaking developmental and welfare activities in contrast to government agencies?
#5 What is the role of NGOs In social mobilization?
#6 In what ways can NGOs act as an alternative to mainstream development practices?
#7 What are the various legislative regulations on working of NGOs in India?
#8 What role can NGOs play in Disaster Management?
#9 What has been the role of SHGs in dealing with Covid-19 pandemic?
#10 What do you understand by the term Self-Help Groups (SHGs)? What roles do SHGs play in poverty alleviation and women empowerment?
#11 How do Self-Help Groups and Gram Panchayats compliment the functioning of each other?
#12 What are the problems faced by SHGs in India. How can these problems be resolved?
#13 What is the significance of the SHG-Bank Linkage program in poverty alleviation in India?
#14 What do you understand by Civil Society? What role does the Civil Society plays in a democracy?
#15 What are the challenges associated with functioning of Civil Society in India?
#16 What role can civil society in reducing corruption?
#17 What role can the Civil Society and NGOs play in ensuring good governance?
#18 What are the positve and negative implications of the Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Amendment (FCRA) Act 2020 for the voluntary sector in the country?
#19 What is the difference between a non-profit organisation and charitable organization? What are the various laws governing charitable orgainztions in India?
#20 What do you understand by CSR? What are the various governmetn regulations regarding the same?
#21 What are the recommendations of the 2nd ARC on the development Industry in India?
#22 What are the major challenges faced by the microfinance sector in India?
#23 What are the concerns associated with receiving foreign aid for development in India?
WYSK - Topic #24 What role can NGOs play in improving educational outcomes in schools?
11 #25 What role can NGOs play in improving access to basic health services?

Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the
Topic 12 protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections.
#1 What are the important features of the POCSO Act?
#2 What are the constitutional and legal protections against child labour in India?
#3 What are the important provisions of Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act?
#4 What are the various constitutional provisions regarding the protection of women and children's rights?
#5 What changes did the Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Act 2017 bring to women's welfare in India?
#6 What are the important provisions of the Domestic Violence (Prohibition) Act 2018?
#7 What is Gender budgeting?
#8 What is the significance and important provisions of the PM Matru Vandana Yojana?
#9 What is the one-stop centre scheme? How has it helped in women empowerment?
#10 What are the various welfare schemes for the elderly population in India?
#11 What are the various issues and challenges faced by transgender persons in India?
#12 What are the key provisions of the 'Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019'?
#13 What are the various important judicial judgements associated with transgender persons in India?
#14 What are the various constitutional and legal provisions for protection of rights of Persons with physical disabilities?
#15 What are the issues and challenges faced by migrants in India?
#16 What are the various steps taken by the government for the welfare of the migrants in India?
#17 What do you understand by following terms: a) Migrants b) Refugees c) Asylum-seeker d) Illegal immigrant
#18 In what ways does the Citizenship Amendment Act, 2020 aid the persecuted refugees?
#19 What are the issues in functioning of the 5th and 6th schedule of the constitution of India?
#20 What are the reasons for demand from different regions for the inclusion in the sixth schedule?
#21 Who are the particularly vulnerable tribal groups of India? How do they differ from other tribals in India?
#22 What are the special legal and constitutional rights available to tribals in India?
#23 What are the reasons for limited success of various programmes and policies by the government for socio-economic empowerment of Scheduled Tribes in India?
WYSK - Topic #24 What are the vulnerable sections of society in India? What measures does the constitution provide for their welfare?
12 #25 What is TRIFED? How does it help promote tribal welfare?

Topic 13 Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.
 #1 What is the significance of AYUSH in building a healthy nation?
#2 What is the role of the private sector in achieving the goal of a healthy India? What are the steps taken by the government in this regard?
#3 What impact does public health expenditure has on demographic destiny?
#4 What are the reasons for severe shortage of medical specialists in India in rural and urban health services?
#5 What are the aims and objectives of the National Medical Commission of India? How can it help help plug critical gaps in health sector in India?
#6 What impact does Ayushman Bharat have on health equity in India? What issues have come to light in the implementation of Ayushman Bharat?
#7 What are the challenges obstructing the realisation of health equity in India?
#8 What are the implications of the ban on fixed- dose combination drugs based on recommendations of the Drug Technical Advisory Board (DTAB) public health.
#9 What are the fundamental flaws in India's healthcare system?
#10 What are challenges in implementing the idea of Universal Health in India? Suggest measures to tackle these challenges.
#11 What impact do unscientific practices, local beliefs, self medication and customary doctors have on health equity in India?
#12 What are various efforts by the government to promote Public health in India?
#13 What are the achievements of Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana? What are the lessons learnt from implementation of Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana?
#14 What role can technology play in transforming health care system in India?
#15 What are the steps taken by the government to improve geriatric health care in India?
#16 What is need and significance of a Public Health Act in India?
#17 What are the reasons for poor learning outcomes in schools in India?
#18 What are the important provisions of New Education Policy, 2020? What are the limitations of the policy?
#19 What are challenges in growth of higher education sector in India? What are the measures taken by government to strengthen tertiary education in India?
#20 What are the major issues plaguing the Rural primary education system? Which of these challenges are shared by their Urban counterparts?
#21 What reasons can be attributed to Indian school-education system's failure in achieving equal opportunities for schooling and equitable learning outcomes?
#22 What role can technology play in transforming Education system in India?
#23 What is the importance of Skill Development for India? What are the major steps taken by government in this regard?
#24 What are the steps taken by the government to promote Vocational training?
#25 What important lessons can India learn from major Asian economies and Latin countries in realizing the true potential of its demographic dividend and not letting it turn into a
demographic disaster?
#26 What are the constitutional provisions that enable right to health?
#27 What role can public-private partnership play in addressing the issues of health sector in India?
#28 What are different healthcare delivery models?
WYSK - Topic #29 What are the advantages of a state-led healthcare delivery model?
13 #30 How does public health expenditure in India compare with the other countries of the world?

Topic 14 Issues relating to poverty and hunger.

#1 What are the challenges in the measurement of poverty in India? What initiatives have been taken in this regard in post-independent India?
#2 What is Multidimensional Poverty Index?
#3 What do you understand by the term 'hidden hunger'?
#4 What are the reasons for continued issues of hunger despite a number of food security schemes and programs?
#5 What role does FCI play in ensuring food security in India? What are the issues in its functioning?
#6 What are the reasons for growing divergence between poverty and hunger in India?
#7 What are the factors contributing to malnutrition in India?
#8 What are the challenges to improving nutrition status in India?
#9 What is the significance of food fortification in fight against malnutrition? Suggest measures to promote food fortification in India.
#10 What is the meaning of ‘food security’? What are the various steps taken by the government for food security in India.
#11 What is Nutrition Security? How can India shift from 'Food Security' to 'Nutrition Security'?
#12 What are M.S.Swaminathan's views on ensuring nutritional security in India?
#13 What is poverty line? How is it calculated?
#14 How have the methods of estimating poverty changed in India?
#15 What is the effect of poverty on gender equity?
#16 What do you understand by the phrase 'the vicious cycle of poverty'?
#17 What is the impact of low public health expenditure on poverty?
#18 What are the various components of Global Hunger Index?
#19 What do you understand by the term 'health-poverty vicious trap'?
#20 What is Human Development Index? What are its components?
#21 What are the historical reasons for poverty in India?
#22 What implications does agricultural policy has on poverty in India?
#23 What are the socio-cultural contributors to poverty?
WYSK - Topic #24 What do you understand by the term 'feminization of poverty'?
14 #25 What impact does climate change have on poverty?

Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability, e-governance applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential; citizens charters, transparency &
Topic 15 accountability and institutional and other measures.
#1 What is the importance of open data policy on transparency and accountability in governance?
#2 What is a Citizen Charter? Why is it important?
#3 What are the lacunaes in existing citizen charters? How can a ‘Public Service Delivery Act’ help overcome these limitations?
#4 What is Sevottam Model? What is the significance of this model?
#5 What are the available tools for upholding transparency in governance?
#6 What are the factors responsible for India’s poor performance in Transparency International’s Global Corruption Index?
#7 What is Social Audit? How is it different from traditional audit?
#8 What is the importance of social audits in improving the delivery of public services to citizens?
#9 What factors are constraining Social Audits from realizing their true potential in reducing corruption? Suggest measures to make them more effective.
#10 What is the importance of news media in ensuing accountability in governance?
#11 What is the role of media in strengthening democracy?
#12 What do you understand by 'Yellow Journalism'? How is it a challenge to functioning of democracy?
#13 What are the constitutional and legal measures that ensure press freedom in India?
#14 What do you understand by the term 'media pluralism'? What implications does it have for having an informed citizenry?
#15 What do you understand by the term infodemic? What kind of challenges it creates for governance?
#16 What do understand by the term 'New Media'? What is the relationship between governance and New Media?
#17 What are the issues and challenges associated with 'Corporatization of the media sector'? Suggest measures to tackle these challenges.
#18 What is paid news? What kind of impact does paid news have?
#19 What are the provisions to protect Whistleblowers in India? How can this protection mechanism be further strengthened?
#20 What is the difference between e-governance and e-government?
#21 What is SMART governance?
#22 What impact does e-governance have on inclusive development?
#23 What is digital divide? What are the steps taken by government to overcome this phenomenon?
WYSK - Topic #24 What is mobile governance? How is it helping in transforming governance scenario in India?
15 #25 What are the components of Digital India Mission?

Topic 16 Role of civil services in a democracy.

#1 What do you understand by 'Civil Services'? What is the constitutional position of Civil Services in India?
#2 What is the role envisaged for civil services in Indian democracy?
#3 What are the protections available for civil servants in India to enable them to pursue their role without fear or favour?
#4 What role can Civil Services play in strengthening grass roots democracy?
#5 What are the pros and cons of allowing lateral entry in civil services?
#6 What do you understand by 'civil services activism'? What implications it has for the functioning of democracy?
#7 What major reforms are required in Indian bureaucracy to enable it to face challenges of the 21st century?
#8 What are the major impediments in the functioning of civil services in India?
#9 What are the major achievements and failures of Civil Services in post-independent India?
#10 What are the consequences of this ‘politicization of bureaucracy'?
#11 What are the reasons for persistence of corruption in bureaucracy?
#12 What do you understand by the term 'committed bureaucracy'? What are the issues and challenges associated with it?
#13 What do you understand by 'neutrality' in civil services? How does the constitution ensure neutrality and independence of Civil Services?
#14 What do you understand by the term' spoils system' in relation to civil services?
#15 What are the constitutional provisions related to civil services in India?
#16 What is generalist approach in relation to civil services? How does it differ from specialist approach?
#17 What is developmental administration? What role do civil services play in developmental administration in India?
#18 What are different committee recommendations on specialisation in civil services?
#19 What are the objections to increasing lateral entry in civil services?
#20 What do you understand by the terms 'bureaucracy' and 'bureaucratic approach'?
#21 What reforms did the 2nd ARC recommend for civil services?
#22 What do you understand by the term 'Steel Frame of India'? What are the structural weaknesses in 'the steel frame'?
#23 What are the essential features of civil services in a democracy?
WYSK - Topic #24 What disciplinary actions can be taken against civil servants in India?
16 #25 What are the major grounds of criticism of civil services in India?

Topic 17 India and its neighbourhood- relations.

#1 What role can BIMSTEC play in furthering India's interest in its neighbourhood?
#2 What are the major headwinds facing BIMSTEC in realizing its true potential?
#3 What is SAFTA? How can it help transform the India's trade links with its neighbours?
#4 What are the unique economic, political and strategic opportunities present in the Indian Ocean Region? How equipped is India to capitalize on these opportunities?
#5 What are the impediments in India realising its role as 'the Net Security Provider’ in the Indian Ocean region?
#6 What is the strategic significance of the Indian Ocean Region for India? What are the challenges for India in the region?
#7 What is the significance of India's extended neighbourhood in India's strategic vision?
#8 What do you understand by the term 'India's Ocean' in relation to India's policy towards Indian Ocean region?
#9 What are the domestic factors of India that influence India's relations with Bangladesh?
#10 What are the major irritants and areas of co-operation in the India-Bangladesh relationship?
#11What are the issues and challenges of people inhabiting the India-Myanmar border?
#12 What do you understand by the term 'Hot pursuit'? What is its relevance in tackling the problems of infiltration and insurgency in India's border states?
#13 What was the Rajiv-Jayawardhene accord of 1987? What is the importance of the 13th amendment to the Sri Lankan Constitution vis-a-vis the 1987 accord and the Tamil issue in Sri
Lanka?
#14 What do you understand by the term 'debt-trap diplomacy'? How has it affected India's interests in its neighbourhood?
#15 What were the major causes behind the Sino-India war of 1962? How has it impacted the relations between the two countries?
#16 What are the major boundary disputes between India and China? What measures can India and China adopt to resolve their boundary disputes?
#17 What are the major irritants in the relationship between India and China? What are the areas of co-operation?
#18 What are unique aspects of India-Bhutan relationship?
#19 What are the major irritants in India's relationship with Pakistan?
#20 What are the various aspects of India-Bhutan friendship treaty, 1949?
#21 What is India's 'Act East Policy'? What are India's short term and long term interests in the east?
#22 What is Gujral doctrine. What is its relevance in contemporary times?
#23 What are the issues in India's relations with Nepal?
#24 What are India's interests in Afghanistan?
#25 What is India's 'Neighbourhood First Policy'? What impact has it had on India's neighbourhood relations?
#26 What have been the hits and misses of India's soft power approach in conducting its international relations?
#27 What is the difference between idealist and realist foreign policy? Illustrate through examples from India's foreign policy.
WYSK - Topic #28 What is the impact of India's domestic politics on India's foreign policy?
17 #29 What do you understand by Panchsheel? Discuss its role in shaping India's foreign policy.

Topic 18 Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.
#1 What do you understand by the G-4? What are the various challenges being faced by this group in achieving it's intended objectives?
#2 What role has India played in the UN Peacekeeping?
#3 What do you understand by the following terms: a) LEMOA b) COMCASA c) BECA?
#4 What is the significance of India-US Civil nuclear deal for India's long term strategic interests?
#5 What are the major roadblocks for India in becoming a member of the NSG?
#6 What are the major roadblocks for India in becoming a permanent member of the UNSC?
#7 What is the justification for India's candidature for a permanent seat at the UNSC?
#8 What are the reasons for UNSC being seen as an irrelevant relic of the post-world war world order?
#9 What do you understand by 'democratization of global institutions'? Why is it important?
#10 In what ways can the India-US strategic partnership help in protecting India's interests against Chinese ambitions in the Indo-pacific region?
#11 What is the Doha Development Agenda? What is India's stand on it?
#12 What are the various concerns India has with the WTO?
#13 What do you understand by the Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT)? Why has India not signed it so far?
#14 What are the major initiatives undertaken by India to further its interests in the arctic region?
#15 What is the Ashgabat agreement? In what ways can it provide crucial connectivity to further India's strategic and economic interests?
#16 What is the significance of non-aligned movement in present times?
#17 What are the major areas of co-operation and concern in the relationship between India and ASEAN?
#18 What is the significance of ASEAN as a model for regional co-operation in international diplomacy?
#19 What are the issues and challenges in the functioning of SCO?
#20 What are the major initiatives undertaken by India in strengthening its soft power vis-a-vis Africa?
#21 What is the significance of Africa in India's international strategic vision?
#22 What do you understand by Contingency Reserve Agreement? How can it help in furthering India's interest?
#23 What are the challenges to free trade agreement between India and European Union?
WYSK - Topic #24 What is BRICS? What is its relevance in India's foreign policy?
18 #25 What is OPEC+? How does it affect India's interests?

Topic 19 Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora.
#1 What role can the Indian diaspora play in helping India achieve its foreign policy objectives?
#2 What are the challenges of 'diaspora diplomacy'?
#3 What role does Indian diaspora play in the economies and societies of various countries and regions of the world?
#4 What do you understand by the term 'diaspora'? How does India's old diaspora differ from the new diaspora?
#5 What is the government's policy on diaspora engagement? How has this policy changed over years?
#6 What role has diaspora played in India's development?
#7 What role has the Indian diaspora played in strengthening the Indo-US relationship?
#8 What do you understand by the Generalized System of Preferences? How has India's removal from it impacted the Indo-US trade partnership?
#9 What are the major impediments in fulfilment of India's commitment towards the development of Chahbar port? Suggest measures to resolve the same.
#10 What are India's concerns with China's growing presence in Indian Ocean Region? What are the steps taken by India to protect its interests?
#11 What do you understand by 'Rule-based maritime order'? How does it affect India's interests?
#12 What is Russia's strategic significance for India?
#13 What is India's approach in diplomacy towards countries of Africa? How does it differ from the Chinese approach?
#14 What do you understand by the two state solution with respect to the Israel-Palestine issue?
#15 What is Asia-Africa growth corridor? What is it's significance for India's long term interests in Africa?
#16 What do you understand by the term 'strategic autonomy'? How is it different from non-alignment and block politics of the cold war era??
#17 What do you understand by 'vaccine diplomacy'? How is it different from vaccine nationalism?
#18 What is the significance of West Asia in shaping India's foreign policy?
#19 What are the features of India's 'Act Far-east' policy?
#20 What are the reasons for emerging geo-politics in the Arctic region?
#21 What do you understand by the terms 'res-nullius' and 'res-communis'?
#22 What do you understand by the following: a) Thucydides trap b) Kindleberger trap
#23 What are the points of divergence between India and developed countries on the General Agreement on Trade in Services?
#24 What are the issues faced by the Indian diaspora in countries of West Asia?
#25 What is the significance of diaspora in international relations?
#26 What is Quad grouping? What are its security and economic implications?
#27 What is G7 group of countries? How will India benefit from its membership?
WYSK - Topic #28 What do you understand by the following: a) Washington Consensus? b) Copenhagen Consensus?
19 #29 What are trade blocks? How do they affect globalisation?

Topic 20 Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate.
#1 What is the mandate of the AIIB? Why is it relevant for India?
#2 What is FATF? What impact does it have on India's interests?
#3 What is International Court of Justice? How is it structured?
#4 What different roles do the following play: a) Permanent Court of Arbitration b) International Criminal Court c) International Court of Justice?
#5 What are the various roles and responsibilities of the IMF?
#6 What role does World Bank play in the development of LDCs? How does it differ from the role being played by IMF?
#7 What is the mandate and significance of the UNESCO? What are the issues in its functioning?
#8 What has been the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on WHO's credibility and repute?
#9 What are the roles and responsibilities of the World Health Organization?
#10 What are the various issues plaguing the effective functioning of the WTO? How can they be resolved?
#11 What are the objectives and mandate of the Arctic Council? Why is it relevant for India?
#12 What is Eastern Economic Forum? What opportunities does it provide for India?
#13 What is the significance of the World Economic Forum?
#14 What is International Solar Alliance? How does it affect India's short and long term interests?
#15 What are the major achievements of the UN in its 75 years of existence?
#16 What is World Bank Group? What are its constituent institutions?
#17 What are the roles and responsibilities of World Metrological Organization?
#18 What are the important specialised agencies of the UN and their functions?
#19 What are the related organizations of the United Nations system? What roles do they play?
#20 What is the mandate of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations?
#21 What is the mandate of the International Fund for Agricultural Development?
#22 What is the mandate of the WHO? How does it operationalise its roles and functions?
#23 What is the mandate and functions of the International Atomic Energy Agency?
WYSK - Topic #24 What are the goals of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development? How is it structured? What are the major achievements and successes of the UNCTAD?
20 #25 What are the important principles of the UN Charter?
 AWFG What You Should Know [Pronounced as Y-Sec]
Things to Know:
#1 In each Topics of the syllabus, we have provided a pool of questions/themes which a candidate should be familiar with. These are minimum basic questions which a candidate must/should know or
prepare and come to give the test.
#2 The actual questions asked in the AWFG will be based on the below pool of questions. They may have similar theme.
GS - 3 [What You Should Know] [Pronounced as (Y-Sec)
Topic 1 Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment.
#1 What are the salient features of Indian economy?
#2 What structural changes have taken place in the Indian economy since the 1960s?
#3 What are the reasons for the increasing share of service sector in India's economy?
#4 What is economic planning? What is the significance of economic planning for India?
#5 What are the reasons and objectives for establishing the NITI Ayog? Mention few achievements of NITI Ayog along with its limitations.
#6 What do you understand by top-down and bottom-up models of planning?
#7 What are the arguments for and against the concept of fixed term employment?
#8 How is NITI Ayog different from Planning Commission?
#9 What are the major issues pertaining to resource mobilisation in India?
#10 What are the various ways in which the Union government and State government mobilise resources?
#11 What are the areas of friction between the Union government and the State governments in mobilisation of resources?
#12 What do you understand by the term 'Strategic Disinvestment'? What are the challenges to strategic disinvestment in India?
#13 What are the components of 'the National strategy for Financial Inclusion 2019-2024'?
#14 What is bank consolidation? What are the pros and cons of the merger of public sector banks?
#15 What are government securities? What is their significance in mobilising financial resources?
#16 What do you understand by the term 'bad bank'? Provide arguments for and against creation of 'bad bank' in India.
#17 What are the limitations of using GDP as a measure of well-being in society?
#18 How is GDP calculated in India?
#19 What is the difference between economic growth and development?
#20 What do you understand by the term 'Green GDP'?
#21 What are the factors for assessing the growth potential of an economy?
#22 What is the impact of inflation on economic growth?
#23 What do you understand by the term 'potential GDP'? What are the factors that have been inhibiting India from realizing its potential GDP?
#24 What do you understand by the term 'jobless growth'? What are the reasons for 'jobless growth'?
WYSK - Topic 1 #25 What is Gig economy? What are the concerns and challenges with respect to Gig economy in India?

Topic 2 Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.

#1 What are the salient features of ‘inclusive growth’?
#2 What is the importance of agriculture sector for inclusive growth in India?
#3 What are the reasons for lack of inclusive growth in India?
#4 What do you understand by Universal Basic Income? What are the arguments for and against it?
#5 What major steps have been taken by the governments since independence to promote inclusive growth?
#6 What do you understand by the term ‘inclusive’ in ‘inclusive growth’ ? Why is growth not always inclusive?
#7 What are the reasons for regional economic disparities in India?
#8 What is the relevance of tourism in inclusive growth? What are the major constraints for development of tourism industry in India?
#9 What are the issues of inclusion in Smart Cities Mission? How can they be overcome?
#10 What are the structural challenges to inclusive growth in India?
#11 What is the effect of inflation on inclusive growth?
#12 What are the ecological demands on inclusive growth?
#13 What are the different dimensions of inclusive growth?
#14 What are the political enablers of inclusive growth?
#15 What are the social prerequisites for inclusive growth?
#16 In what ways can inclusive growth be environmentally sensitive as well?
#17 What are the reasons for rising income and wealth inequalities alongside expansion of global economy and its national sub-components?
#18 What are the negative externalities of economic growth?
#19 What do you understand by the term 'shared prosperity'? What changes does it entail in existing approaches to economic growth?
#20 What effect is Atmanirbhar Bharat expected to have on inclusive growth in India?
#21 What effect can digital economy have on making economic growth more inclusive?
#22 What is India Stack? How can it help making the economy and governance more inclusive?
#23 What effect does CSR have on social and economic inclusion? What changes are needed in CSR to make it more effective?
#24 What effect can taxation policy have on inclusive growth?
WYSK - Topic 2 #25 What is the role of health and education policy in enabling inclusive growth?

Topic 3 Government Budgeting.

#1 What are the objectives of government budgeting? What are the various types of budgeting techniques?
#2 What are the challenges posed by Covid-19 pandemic to government budgeting?
#3 What is the role of government's budgetary policy in reducing income inequalities?
#4 What are the budget reforms undertaken by the government in the past decade?
#5 What do you understand by the following terms: (a) Line item budget (b) performance budget (c) outcome budget (d) zero based budget (e) gender budgeting?
#6 What is equalisation levy? Why is it important?
#7 What are the key features and expected benefits of the Direct tax Vivad Se Vishwas Act?
#8 What is meaning of the term tax-expenditure? How does it influence budgetary policies of the government?
#9 What is the difference between ‘revenue receipt’ and ‘capital receipt’?
#10 What do you understand by 'tax of regressive nature'? How is it different from regressive tax?
#11 What is progressive and regressive taxation? Explain with examples.
#12 What is the purpose of taxation? What are the pros and cons of abolishing taxes?
#13 What is tax policy? What is its macro-economic and micro-economic impact?
#14 What is taxation? What are direct and indirect taxes?
#15 What are the key recommendations of the NK Singh Committee on the FRBM Act?
#16 What were the reasons for introduction of Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act 2003? What are its salient features? How effective have they been?
#17 What are the challenges to public expenditure management in the context of budget-making in post-liberalization period?
#18 What are the issues with state governments' financial management? How can they be overcome?
#19 What is public debt? How is the qualitative and quantitative situation of India's public debt?
#20 What is 'monetization of deficit'? What are the arguments for and against it?
#21 What is deficit financing? What are its implications?
#22 What is the meaning of fiscal policy? What are its objectives and importance in India?
#23 What are the major components of government budget in India?
#24 What are the arguments for and against an independent Fiscal Council which has been recommended by the 15th Finance Commission?
WYSK - Topic 3 #25 What are the weaknesses in the public budgeting system in India?

Major crops-cropping patterns in various parts of the country, – different types of irrigation and irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and
Topic 4 issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers.
#1 What do you understand by food crops and cash crops?
#2 What are the major regions of sugarcane production in India? Why has there been a shift of sugar industry from northern region to peninsular India in recent times?
#3 What is the difference between the cropping pattern and cropping system? What are the key factors that affect cropping pattern?
#4 What is Zero Budget Natural Farming? What are the benefits and concerns associated with it?
#5 What are the major cropping patterns? What are the important crops belonging to Kharif, Rabi and Zaid period?
#6 What are the major problems faced by sugarcane mill owners?
#7 What are the major reasons for declining rice and wheat yield in the cropping system? How is crop diversification helpful in stabilizing the crop yield?
#8 What is integrated farming system? How does it enable sustainable agriculture?
#9 What are various sources of irrigation in India?
#10 What is micro-irrigation? What are its benefits over conventional irrigation systems?
#11 What is the importance of water-use efficiency in agriculture? What are the various ways to improve water-use efficiency for agriculture in India?
#12 What are the objectives of Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana? What is its importance for Indian agriculture?
#13 Write short notes on the following: a) Surface irrigation c) Canal Irrigation c) Tank irrigation d) Micro irrigation e) Sprinkler irrigation f) Drip irrigation
#14 What are different government schemes for promoting irrigation systems in India?
#15 What are the different challenges faced by irrigation sector in India?
#16 What is agricultural marketing? What are the major methods of agricultural marketing in India?
#17 What are the major issues concerning the APMCs?
#18 What are the challenges to adopting e-technology for the aid of farmers?
#19 What are the main constraints in transportation and marketing of agricultural produce in India?
#20 What are the constraints and challenges to financial institutions supplying agricultural finance?
#21 What are the advantages of using e-technology in Agriculture?
#22 List application of e-Technology in: a) Crop Management b) Agrometeorology Advisory Services c) Precision farming d) Pest and Disease Management e) Agricultural extension
services
#23 What steps has the government taken in extending ‘Digital India’ to agriculture?
#24 What are the major benefits and issues associated with e-NAM?
WYSK - Topic 4 #25 What are the characteristics of agricultural practices in different regions of India?

Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public Distribution System- objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks
Topic 5 and food security; Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing.
#1 What is subsidy? What are the various ways of classifying subsidies?
#2 What are the pros and cons of providing subsidies in India?
#3 Differentiate between Price Subsidy, Direct Benefit Transfer and Income Support.
#4 What do you understand by the term 'regressive subsidies'? Which subsidies are considered regressive?
#5 What are various issues related to Indian agricultural subsidies and WTO?
#6 What is Bali Ministerial Package and Peace Clause?
#7 What changes have been brought in through 'the New Urea Policy'? What are the benefits associated with the new policy?
#8 What are the implications of replacing price subsidies with Direct Benefit Transfers?
#9 What is the impact of subsidies on cropping pattern, crop diversity and farm economy?
#10 What is the significance of crop insurance and minimum support price for small and marginal farmers?
#11 What is Minimum support price (MSP)? What is the need of MSP? Which factors are taken into consideration in deciding MSP?
#12 What are the issues associated with MSP?
#13 What are the recommendations of Swaminathan Committee and Naresh Chandra Committee on MSP?
#14 What are the salient features of Pradhan Mantri Annadata Aay Sanrakshan Abhiyan? What are the various issues related to the scheme?
#15 What are the possible alternatives to MSP?
#16 What are the objectives of PDS in India? How has it evolved over time?
#17 What are the possible alternatives to PDS?
#18 What is 'one nation, one ration card'? What are its advantages?
#19 What is food security? What are the dimensions of food security?
#20 What do you understand by the term 'Buffer Stock' in relation to food security? Why is there need to maintain Buffer Stock? What are the challenges to maintaining buffer stock in
food commodities?
#21 What are the challenges to food security of India?
#22 What are the important aspects of the National Food Security Act 2013? What are its implications on food security in India?
#23 What is Public distribution system? What are the issues associated with Public distribution system in India?
#24 What is the role of Food Corporation of India? What is its relevance present times?
#25 What are the various agriculture revolution that took place in India after independence? What has been the impact of these agricultural revolutions on poverty alleviation and food
WYSK - Topic 5 security in India?

Topic 6 Food processing and related industries in India- scope’ and significance, location, upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management.
#1 What do you mean by Food Processing? What is the scope and current status of food processing Industry in India?
#2 What is the relevance of food processing industry for small and marginal farmers?
#3 What are the major policy initiates taken by the government to support food processing sector in India?
#4 What are the challenges faced by the food processing industry in India?
#5 What are the upstream and downstream requirements of food processing industry?
#6 What are the supply chain issues for food processing industry in India?
#7 What are the important aspects of the Agro-Marine Processing and Development of Agro-processing clusters scheme?
#8 What are the important aspects of PM Matsya Sampada Yojna?
#9 What are the features of the Formalization of Micro Food Processing Enterprises Scheme?
#10 What are the enabling factors for growth of food processing industry in India?
#11 What is an Agro-processing cluster? What unique benefits do they provide?
#12 What is Operation Greens? What are its operational components?
#13 What are the impediments in developing value chains in agricultural commodities?
#14 What are the infrastructural needs of the food processing industry in India?
#15 What are the challenges of meat and poultry sector in India? What interventions are needed to overcome these challenges?
#16 What are the challenges of dairy processing industry in India? What interventions are needed to overcome these challenges?
#17 What are Mega Food Parks? What competitive advantages do they provide?
#18 What are the reasons for large price differentials between dairy products of India and New Zealand?
#19 What are Farmer Producer Organizations? What is their relevance in developing supply chains in agricultural products?
#20 What are the implications of 2020's agricultural reforms for food processing industry in India?
#21 What are the challenges to the success of FPOs in India? What kind of interventions are needed to address these challenges?
#22 What are the benefits of organized retail chains for the stakeholders in the food processing market in India?
#23 What are the location factors for food processing industry in India?
#24 How has the food processing industry evolved over time in India? What are the opportunities for the sector in India?
WYSK - Topic 6 #25 What institutional and policy reforms have been taken over the years for incentivising the growth of food processing industry?

Topic 7 Land reforms in India.

#1 What do you mean by Land reforms in context of India agrarian structure? What major steps have governments taken over the years for land reforms?
#2 What is the role of land reforms in agricultural development in India?
#3 What were the factors responsible for the success of land reforms in India?
#4 What is the relationship between land reforms, agriculture productivity and elimination of poverty in India?
#5 What kind of land reforms are needed in present times?
#6 What are the issues plaguing land record management in India? What reforms have been introduced over the years improve the system of land records in India?
#7 What are the main features of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act 2013? What are the associated issues?
#8 What are the important features of the Model Agricultural Land Leasing Act 2016?
#9 What are the features of the Digital India Land Record Modernisation Programme? What other initiatives have been taken up for digitalisation of land records?
#10 What are the important aspects and benefits of the National Generic Document Registration System?
#11 What are the benefits associated with Unique Land Parcel Identification Number?
#12 What is the meaning of Land Leasing? What are its pros and cons?
#13 What are the reasons that led to starting of land reforms in India?
#14 What were the challenges associated with land reforms carried out in the early decades after independence of India?
#15 What are the important components of tenancy reforms? How have tenancy rights and freedoms evolved in India since independence?
#16 What are the challenges to land leasing in India?
#17 What benefits does land leasing provide for rural economy?
#18 What were the weaknesses in India's tenancy reforms?
#19 What were the characteristics of land holdings in India in 1947? To what extent did the land reforms change these characteristics?
#20 What are the issues associated with agricultural land holdings in India? How can they be resolved?
#21 What are the challenges to addressing issues of small agricultural land holdings?
#22 What steps have governments taken in recent years to address land issues in India?
#23 What role can technology play in overhauling the land related issues of Indian economy and society?
#24 What impact can land reforms have on unshackling the potential of Indian economy?
WYSK - Topic 7 #25 What are the solutions to the issue of long delays in land acquisitions in infrastructure projects?

Topic 8 Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth.
#1 What were the main features and shifts associated with the New Economic Policy of 1991?
#2 What has been the impact of the 'L-P-G reforms' on different sectors of the economy?
#3 What has been the impact of globalization on the nature of employment in the Indian economy?
#4 What is the impact of increased informalization of employment on the development of the country?
#5 What do you understand by the troika of liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation?
#6 What were the circumstances that necessitated liberalisation of the Indian economy?
#7 What has been the impact of 'the L-P-G reforms' on the welfare state in India?
#8 What has been the downside of liberalisation of Indian economy after 1991?
#9 What are the reasons and implications of the Industrial growth rate lagging behind the overall growth of the GDP in the post-reform period in India?
#10 What are the issues that have plagued the SEZs in India?
#11 What is 'the phenomena of missing-middle' in manufacturing sector in India?
#12 What are the key recommendations of Baba Kalyani Committee on the SEZ policy of the Indian Government?
#13 What are the main targets under the Make in India scheme? What challenges have been faced by the Make in India Initiative since its conception?
#14 What are the challenges faced by MSMEs in India? What major steps have been taken by the government to address them?
#15 What are the recommendations of the UK Sinha committee on improving the functioning of the MSME sector in India?
#16 What are the prospects of e-commerce in India? What are the challenges associated with this sector?
#17 What are the constraints and challenges in boosting defence manufacturing in India?
#18 What do you understand by Industrial Policy? Why do we need it ?
#19 How has the Industrial Policy evolved in India over time? What have been its achievements and failures?
#20 What are the major constraints in the Industrial development in India? What are the reasons for the share of manufacturing sector in GDP remaining stagnant since 1990s?
#21 What do you understand by the following terms (a) the missing middle (b) dwarf companies
#22 What are the criteria for differentiation of MSMEs as defined by the government? Why are they given special focus in government policies?
#23 What is sufficiency economy? How does it compare with the Atmanirbhar Bharat campaign?
#24 What changes has Amanirbhar Bharat brought in the Industrial policy in India?
WYSK - Topic 8 #25 What structural changes does the Indian economy need?

Topic 9 Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.

#1 What do you understand by infrastructure development? What is the importance of infrastructure development for a country like India?
#2 What is National Infrastructure Pipeline? What is its importance in light of India’s aim to become a $5 trillion economy?
#3 What is National Investment and Infrastructure Fund? What objectives does it seek to achieve?
#4 What are the problems faced by the power sector in India? How can these be tackled?
#5 What major initiatives have been taken up by the government to improve the condition of Electricity distribution companies?
#6 What is the status and plan of India's Nuclear Energy Program?
#7 What are the expected benefits and challenges associated with Unified Gas Price System?
#8 What are the objectives and challenges of National Gas Grid?
#9 What are the power purchase agreements? What is their significance for the states and the power sector?
#10 What is Bio-Energy? How can it help in meeting India’s energy demands?
#11 What are the salient features of the National Biofuel Policy?
#12 What is the contribution of renewable energy in India’s energy production? What are the various steps taken by government to promote renewable energy in India?
#13 What are the major challenges that constrain the development of solar energy in India?
#14 What are various types of Solar Power Plants? What are their features?
#15 What are the concerns with hydro power? What is its significance in ensuring energy security for India?
#16 What are the various major ports and minor ports in India? What are the challenges faced by the Port Sector In India?
#17 What do you understand by Inland Waterways? What are the challenges in utilising Inland Waterways as a major medium of transportation?
#18 What are the major issues pertaining to port led growth in India?
#19 What are the major features of the Major Port Authorities Bill 2020? What are its implications in improving the efficiency and competitiveness of Indian ports?
#20 What are the challenges of road transport in India with respect to (a) public transport (b) goods transport?
#21 What are the advantages and challenges associated with Multi-modal logistics Parks?
#22 What are the arguments for and against privatisation of railways? What key reforms are needed in Railways?
#23 What the key provisions and implications of the National Civil Aviation Policy?
#24 What is the significance and benefits of Dedicated Freight Corridors? Where are these corridors proposed in India?
WYSK - Topic 9 #25 What are the advantages and criticism of high speed rail in India?

Topic 10 Investment models.

#1 What do you understand by PPP? Trace its evolution. Why do we need PPP?
#2 What are the challenges to the PPP model in India?
#3 What major initiatives have been taken by government to boost PPP in India?
#4 What are the recommendations of Kelkar committee on PPPs in India?
#5 What is Hybrid Annuity Model? How does it compare with other modes of PPP?
#6 What are the implications of using PPP in healthcare?
#7 What do you understand by the following in relation to investment models: a) BOT b) BOO c) BOLT d) LDO e) DBFO?
#8 Compare and contrast BOT Annuity model vs EPC model.
#9 Compare and contrast EPC model vs Hybrid Annuity Model.
#10 What do you mean by 'Swiss challenge'? What is its relevance for India?
#11 What is the advantage of Hybrid Annuity Model over other models of investment and infrastructure development?
#12 What do you understand by the term 'Take-out financing' in infrastructure investments? What specific benefits does it offer over other models of investment?
#13 What do you understand by the following in relation to investment models: a) Viability-Gap Funding b) V-BOT c) TOT?
#14 What are the benefits and issues in using Viability-gap funding model for investment in infrastructure projects?
#15 What do you understand by 'asset-monetisation' in relation to public infrastructure? What are the benefits and challenges of asset-monetisation in India?
#16 What do you understand by 'plug-and-play model' in infrastructure and industrial investments? What benefits does 'plug-and-play model' provide?
#17 What are the implications of using PPP in education sector?
#18 What role can PPP play in helping achieve the goals of Atmanirbhar Bharat?
WYSK - Topic #19 What is the significance of PPP for a) Railways b) Urban development c) Industrial growth
10 #20 What is the significance of public investment in health and education?

Topic 11 Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
#1 What is the difference between science and technology?
#2 What is the role of science and technology in socio-economic development of a nation?
#3 What is space based internet? What are the benefits of space based internet over currently used technology?
#4 What is blockchain technology? What are its potential applications?
#5 What is cryptocurrency? What are its advantages and challenges?
#6 What is 5G technology? What is its significance?
#7 What is Internet of Things? What are its features and associated concerns?
#8 What are biosensors? What are their various uses?
#9 What is DNA fingerprinting? What is its utility?
#10 Write a short note on Quantum Computing.
#11 What is therapeutic cloning? What are its applications?
#12 What is stem-cell therapy? What are its implications on health and human life?
#13 What do you understand by the term 'in vitro meat'? What is their significance?
#14 What are the major applications and expected areas of disruption of 3D printing technology?
#15 What is 3D bioprinting? What are its implications?
#16 What are nano-medicines? What are its implications?
#17 What are the emerging applications of robotics?
#18 What are major applications of Augmented-reality and Virtual reality technologies? What disruptive effect can they have?
#19 What are lethal autonomous weapons? What are their security and ethical implications?
WYSK - Topic #20 What do you understand by the term 'artificial intelligence arms race'? What are its implications for India?
11 #21 What is 'Intelligent Automation'? What are its constituents?

Topic 12 Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology.
#1 What role did Charak and Shushruta play in the development of India's traditional system of medicine?
#2 What are the major Indian achievements in science and technology from the medieval period in India's history?
#3 How has a rich scientific heritage been an asset in the progress of modern Indian science?
#4 What have been the achievements of Indians in field of astronomy and mathematics since ancient period?
#5 What is the contribution of Srinivasa Ramanujan in the field of mathematics?
#6 What is ‘Bose-Einstein Statistics’? What role did Prof. Satyendra Nath Bose play in revolutionizing the field of Physics?
#7 What role did Dr. Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar play in the development of science and technology in India?
#8 What is Dr Vikram Sarabhai's contribution in development of science and technology in India?
#9 How has India benefitted from the contributions of Sir M.Visvesvaraya and Dr. M. S. Swaminathan in their respective fields of work?
#10 What are the achievements of CV Raman and S Chandrasekar in science and technology?
#11 What is the contribution of diaspora in indigenisation of technology in India?
#12 What are India's achievements in indigenisation of health care technology?
#13 What is the impact of Dr. Homi Jahangir Bhabha on India's nuclear program?
#14 What are the major successes in indigenisation of technology in India?
#15 What do you mean by indigenisation of technology? Why indigenisation of technology is important for country like India?
#16 What is India's 3-stage nuclear programme?
#17 Provide an account of Indian Space programme along with the future challenges.
#18 What is the significance of GSLV in India's Space Programme?
#19 What are the objectives and importance of ISRO’S Aditya-L1 mission?
#20 What is India’s plan to have its own space station and how will it benefit our space programme?
#21 What are the reasons for cost escalations and repeated breach of time-limit in indigenous efforts in technological advancement?
#22 What are the reasons for limited success in indigenisation of defence technology?
#23 How has India's national science and technology policy changed over the years?
#24 What are the factors responsible for under-representation of women in science, technology and engineering field in India?
WYSK - Topic #25 What are the important aspects of the draft National Science, Technology and Innovation Policy 2020?
12 #26 What is a fast-breeder reactor? What are its advantages, particularly for India?
 Topic 13 Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, biotechnology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.
#1 What is biotechnology? What are its important applications?
#2 What are the different branches of biotechnology?
#3 What is genetic engineering? What are the reasons for its increasing importance?
#4 What do you mean by the term 'Recombinant DNA'? What are the tools and steps involved in the 'Recombinant DNA technology?
#5 What are transgenic organisms? Why are they useful?
#6 What is the difference between genetically modified (GM) plants and hybrid plants? What is the relevance of GM plants in modern agriculture?
#7 What is CRISPR-Cas9? What are the issues associated with it?
#8 What are novel viruses? What are the threats associated with these?
#9 What is a vaccine? What are the challenges associated with vaccine-development?
#10 What is the difference between Rapid Antibody Detection Test and Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) tests used for diagnosis of viral diseases?
#11 What are conjugate vaccines and RNA vaccines?
#12 What is Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave observatory (LIGO)? What is its significance?
#13 What are the major areas of space research? Why is space research important?
#14 What are gravitational waves? What is the significance of the detection of Gravitational waves?
#15 What is the difference between dark matter and dark energy?
#16 What is the significance of geostationary orbit? What are the implications of it becoming too crowded?
#17 What is space debris? What is its impact?
#18 What is the difference between communication and earth observation satellites?
#19 What are the various applications of Remote-sensing satellites?
#20 What is uranium enrichment. Explain its various methods.
#21 What is the International Thermo Nuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) project. What is its significance?
#22 What are the benefits and concerns related to use of Nanotechnology in agriculture?
#23 What is cyber physical system? What are the objectives and components of the National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber Physical System?
#24 What is Big Data? What are its applications in various fields?
#25 What is Artificial Intelligence(AI)? What are the key technologies involved in AI?
#26 What is intellectual property? What are different types of intellectual property rights?
#27 What do you meant by GI tag? What is its importance?
#28 What do you understand by 'Compulsory Licensing'? What is its relevance?
WYSK - Topic #29 What do you understand by the term 'evergreening' in context of intellectual property rights? What are the arguments for and against it?
13 #30 What is the institutional framework for IPR protection in India? What are the issues plaguing India's intellectual property regime?

Topic 14 Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.

#1 What is biodiversity? Why should it be preserved?
#2 What is biodiversity conservation? What are the problems involved in conservation of biodiversity?
#3 What is climate change? What are the observed and projected changes in various climatic dimensions over the Indian region?
#4 What are the reasons for climate change?
#5 What are the causes of rising sea level? How will the sea level rise affect the world?
#6 What are hypoxic zones? What are the causes and impact of their formation in oceans?
#7 What are the factors responsible for ozone layer depletion? What are the consequences of ozone layer depletion?
#8 What is carbon sequestration? What is its significance? What are the various methods for carbon sequestration?
#9 What is carbon pricing? What is its significance in carbon financing?
#10 What do you understand by the term 'Common but Differentiated responsibility’?
#11 What do you understand by 'urban heat Island'? What impact do urban heat islands have?
#12 What is GIAHS? What is its significance in context of India?
#13 What is the impact of climate change on: a) Agriculture, b) Health c) Development?
#14 What is smog? What are the different types of smog and their impact on health?
#15 What is the difference between Black Carbon and Brown Carbon? What effect do they have?
#16 What are the causes and effects of sound pollution?
#17 What is eutrophication? What is its impact on environment?
#18 What is virtual water trade? What is its significance in context of current problems?
#19 What are Microplastics? What are the concerns associated with them?
#20 What is bioremediation? What are the in-situ and ex-situ bioremediation strategies?
#21 What are the salient features of the E-waste (Management) Amendment Rules, 2018?
#22 What are the legal provisions for management and handling of hazardous wastes in India?
#23 What are the causes of acid rain? How does acid rain affect biotic and abiotic things?
WYSK - Topic #24 What is ecological niche? What are the various types of ecological niches?
14 #25 What is Environmental impact assessment? Why is it desirable to conduct EIA for various development project? What are the limitations of EIA?

Topic 15 Disaster and disaster management.

#1 What is a disaster? What are the different types of disasters?
#2 What is a hazard? How is it different from disaster?
#3 What is vulnerability in context of disaster management? How is India's vulnerability profile to various disasters?
#4 What is the social and psychological impact of disasters in the Indian context?
#5 What are the anthropological reasons for the so-called 'natural' disasters?
#6 What are flash floods? What is the vulnerability of Himalayan regions to this disaster?
#7 What is a biological disaster? What are its various types?
#8 What do you understand by the term 'disaster risk reduction'? What are the different stages in disaster risk reduction?
#9 What is a disaster management cycle? What are its various phases?
#10 What is mitigation? What is the significance of mitigation activities in disaster management?
#11 What are the major provisions and drawbacks of the Disaster Management Act, 2005?
#12 What are the roles and responsibilities of NDMA in disaster risk reduction in India?
#13 What are the major objectives of National Disaster Management Policy, 2009?
#14 What are major highlights of National Disaster Management Plan 2019 and its improvements over the National Disaster Management Plan 2016?
#15 What do you understand by pandemic? What kind of challenges have been posed by COVID pandemic to the Indian disaster management strategy?
#16 What is the importance of social media in disaster risk reduction?
#17 What measures have been taken in India for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) before and after signing ‘the Sendai Framework for DRR (2015-2030)’? How is this framework different
from ‘Hyogo Framework for Action, 2005?
#18 What are the reasons for urban floods? What are the suitable mechanisms to reduce risks related to such events?
#19 What is a suitable mechanism to deal with the El Nino and La Nina fallouts in India, as per the National Disaster Management Authority's guidelines?
#20 In which ways can vulnerability to disasters be characterized? What are the different types of vulnerabilities to disasters?
#21 What measures can be adopted to mitigate the impact of cloudbursts?
#22 What measures can be adopted to mitigate the impact of GLOFs?
#23 In what ways does technology help in managing pandemics?
WYSK - Topic #24 What are the limitations to use of technology in managing a pandemic?
15 #25 What could be the reasons for Industrial disasters in India? What measures are needed to curb such disasters?

Topic 16 Linkages between development and spread of extremism.

#1 What strategies are needed to win the Left Wing Extremism doctrine affected citizens back into the mainstream of social and economic growth?
#2 What are the implications of implementing the provisions of the 5th schedule of the constitution on the growth of Left Wing Extremism?
#3 What role can rural development play in tackling left wing extremism in India?
#4 What are the recommendations of Virginius Xaxa Committee on combating left wing extremism in tribal belts of India?
#5 What is the scale and gravity of the issue of left wing extremism in India?
#6 What is the link between underdevelopment in rise and sustenance of left-wing extremism in India?
#7 What do you understand by extremism? What are the factors responsible for spread of extremism in India?
#8 What are the differences and convergences between extremism and separatism?
#9 What are the components of the Government of India's strategy to counter left wing extremism?
#10 What improvements did the SAMADHAN doctrine provide over earlier measures like Integrated Action Plan in countering left-wing extremism in India?
#11 What is PESA? What are its implications in combating Left-wing Extremism in tribal dominated areas?
#12 What is 'pathalgadi movement'? What challenges has it posed in addressing left-wing extremism?
#13 What are the determinants of left-wing extremism in Eastern parts of India? What strategies are needed to counter the threat in the affected areas?
#14 What role do cultural factors play in containing the appeal of left-wing extremist ideology in the poor regions of India?
#15 What impact did land reforms have in evolution of left-wing extremism in India?
#16 What is the role of poor infrastructure in sustaining left-wing extremism in India?
#17 What is the basis of support for left-wing extremism in India?
#18 What are the critical challenges in addressing left-wing extremism?
#19 What do you understand by the terms: a) mal-development b) exclusive development c) under-development?
#20 How does extremism lead to underdevelopment?
#21 How does underdevelopment breed extremism?
#22 What is Naxalism? What are its features and aims?
#23 What do you understand by the slogan 'Jal-Jangal-Jameen'? What is its relevance in addressing the challenges of left-wing extremism in India?
WYSK - Topic #24 What governance measures are required to tackle the challenge of Naxalism?
16 #25 What is the role of perception management in reducing the appeal of left-wing extremism in affected areas?

Topic 17 Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security.
#1 What do you mean by Internal security? How is it different from external security?
#2 What are the different attributes of Internal Security?
#3 What roles do state actors play in undermining internal security of India?
#4 What is the impact of political stability in neighbouring countries on internal security of India?
#5 What is the difference between terrorism and extremism?
#6 What impact do non-state actors have on internal security of India?
#7 What are the linkages between drug trafficking and internal security issues for India?
#8 What are the threats to peace and stability in North eastern states of India due to the issue of illegal migrants?
#9 What are the various ways in which cross-border terrorism threatens India's national security? What measures should be adopted to tackle this issue?
#10 What do you understand by the terms: a) hot pursuit b) surgical strike c) strategic deterrence?
#11 What are the challenges to India's security from state actors in India's neighbourhood?
#12 What are the challenges to India's coastal security?
#13 What state and non-state threats to India exist on India's eastern borders?
#14 What state and non-state threats to India exist through Myanmar?
#15 What state and non-state threats to India exist through Nepal?
#16 What is the role of 'neighbourhood first' policy in reducing threats to India's internal security?
#17 What role does connectivity and infrastructure play in containing the threat of non-state actors on India's internal security?
#18 What steps have been taken in recent years for containing the influence of Pakistan-based state and non-state actors in J&K? What are the remaining challenges?
WYSK - Topic #19 What do you understand by the term 'sub-conventional warfare'? What challenges does it create for India's internal security?
17 #20 What do you understand by the term 'proxy war'? How does it challenge India's internal security?

Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role of media and social networking sites in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security;
Topic 18 money-laundering and its prevention.
#1 What are the challenges to prevention of money laundering in India?
#2 What is the role of Financial Action Task Force in combating the menace of money laundering?
#3 What is the legal and institutional framework to prevent money laundering in India?
#4 What are the socio-economic and political implications of money laundering in India?
#5 What are the money laundering implications of crypto-currencies?
#6 What is money laundering? What are the various techniques used in money laundering?
#7 What is the role of media in managing internal security challenges?
#8 What are the security implications of cloud hosting of server vis-a-vis in-house machine-based hosting for governments and businesses?
#9 What do you understand by Cyber-warfare? What are the cyber threats India is vulnerable to?
#10 What is the state of preparedness in India for tackling cyber security challenges including cyber-warfare?
#11 What is NATGRID? What is its role in India's Internal security architecture?
#12 What are the major provisions of the Information Technology Act 2000? What are its limitations in thwarting cyber crimes?
#13 What are the major provisions of National Cyber Security Policy 2013?
#14 What are the national security threats in deploying the 5G technology?
#15 What is cyberspace? What is its importance in modern times?
#16 What are the threats to peace and stability of India from 'paid news'?
#17 What is dark web? How is it used to create instability in India?
#18 What are social networking site and what are their internal-security implications for India?
#19 What are the issues, challenges and need to monitor content on social media platforms?
#20 What is data localisation? What are its implications on tackling crimes and threats to security in India?
#21 What is a malware? What are the various types of malware?
#22 What are the challenges to securing the cyber-space in India?
#23 What is Crime and Criminal Tracking Network System? What are its benefits?
#24 What do you understand by the term Hawala? What are its implications and effects?
WYSK - Topic #25 What are the linkages between drug trafficking and other illicit activities such as gunrunning, money laundering and human trafficking? What counter-measures are needed to
18 tackle such activities?

Topic 19 Security challenges and their management in border areas – linkages of organized crime with terrorism.
#1 What are the challenges to and strategies for effective border management?
#2 What are the threats to India's national security through Indo-China border?
#3 What are the linkages of India’s internal security challenges with the porous borders with neighbouring countries?
#4 What is the Sir Creek issue. What is India's approach to deal with this issue?
#5 What are the major internal security threats related to the Indo-Nepal border?
#6 What is border management? What are the major problems afflicting the management of our borders including maritime boundaries?
#7 What are the linkages between organised crime and terrorism in India?
#8 What is the meaning of terrorism and organised crime? What are the points of convergence and divergence between terrorism and organised crimes?
#9 What is organised crime? What are its various characteristics?
#10 What are the linkages between globalisation and terrorism?
#11 What are the various mechanisms of terror-financing?
#12 What are the different types of terrorism? How has it changed over time?
#13 What are the challenges to managing India's eastern border?
#14 What are the challenges to managing India's border with China?
#15 What are the advantages and challenges of having open border with neighbouring countries?
#16 What are the implications of ethnic ties across borders in managing border security?
#17 What is Comprehensive Border Management System? What benefits does it provide?
#18 What is the need and challenges of adopting Comprehensive Border Management System along India's borders?
#19 What are the implications of strong economic linkages with neighbouring countries on border management?
#20 What is the advantages and challenges of co-ordinated border management in handling security challenges along the border?
WYSK - Topic #21 What are the reasons for growth of organised crimes?
19 #22 What are the challenges to controlling organised crimes?

Topic 20 Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate.

#1 What are the different components of India's Coastal Security architecture?
#2 What are the limitations of India's coastal security architecture?
#3 What are the roles and limitations of civil defence in tackling India's internal security issues?
#4 What role do the Central Reserve Police Force have in India's internal security architecture?
#5 What role has the Assam rifles played in counter insurgency operations in the northeast region?
#6 What role do the Border Security Force have in overcoming security challenges along India's border with Pakistan and Bangladesh?
#7 What are the different types of Central Armed Forces (CAPFs)? What are the issues and challenges related to the working of the CAPFs?
#8 What are the shortcomings in the working of police in India? What kind of reforms are needed in police forces?
#9 What have been the implications of the Prakash Singh Judgement on police reforms in India?
#10 What are the challenges to police reforms in India?
#11 What do you understand by the term ' joint theatre command'? What benefits does it provide over traditional structures in management of armed force?
#12 What are the roles and responsibilities of the Chief of Defence Staff? What is mandate of the Department of Military Affairs?
#13 What are the roles and responsibilities of Assam Rifles in managing India's borders?
#14 What are the roles and responsibilities of Sashatra Seema Bal in managing India's borders?
#15 What is the mandate and role envisaged for National Disaster Response Force?
#16 What are the roles, responsibilities and structure of the National Securities Guards?
#17 What are the roles and responsibilities of ITBP in managing India's borders?
#18 What reforms have been taken in recent years to promote jointmanship in Indian Armed Forces? What advantages does jointmanship provide?
WYSK - Topic #19 What is National Investigative Agency? What are its roles and responsibilities?
20 #20 What is the mandate and role oof Central Bureau of Investigation? What issues have been highlighted in its functioning?
 AWFG What You Should Know [Pronounced as Y-Sec]
Things to Know:
#1 In each Topics of the syllabus, we have provided a pool of questions/themes which a candidate should be familiar with. These are minimum basic questions which a candidate must/should know or
prepare and come to give the test.
#2 The actual questions asked in the AWFG will be based on the below pool of questions. They may have similar theme.
GS - 4 [What You Should Know] [Pronounced as (Y-Sec)]
Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in-human actions; dimensions of ethics; ethics – in private and public relationships. Human Values –
Topic 1 lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators; role of family society and educational institutions in inculcating values.
#1 What do you mean by ethics?
#2 Why should we be moral?
#3What is the difference between ethics and morality?
#4How can ethics be distinguished from other natural sciences?
#5What is descriptive ethics?
#6What is normative ethics?
#7What is meta-ethics?
#8What are the various sources of ethical standards?
#9 What are the determinants of ethical behaviour?
#10 What do you mean by situations ethics?
#11 What is social ethics?
#12What is public ethics?
#13What is private ethics?
#14What are values?
#15What are intrinsic values?
#16What are extrinsic values?
#17 What are the various aspects of ethics in public administration?
#18 What is the role of ethics in public relations?
#19 What are the seven principles of public life as given by Nepal?
#20What is the difference between a leader and an administrator?
#21 What are the human values to be learned from the lives of great leaders?
#22What are the human values to be learned from the lives of great administrators?
#23 What do you mean by absolutism?
#24What do you mean by relativism?
WYSK - Topic 1 #25How personal ethics produce effective leaders?

Topic 2 Attitude: content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and behaviour; moral and political attitudes; social influence and persuasion.
#1 What is attitude?
#2 What are the components of attitude?
#3 What are the functions of attitude?
#4 what is the difference between attitude, beliefs and opinion ?
#5 What is the relation between attitude and behaviour?
#6 Does attitude effect behaviour?
#7 What is political attitude?
#8 What is bureaucratic attitude? Difference between bureaucratic attitude and democratic attitude?
#9 Social attitudes towards women, SC, transgender and other vulnerable sections?
#10 difference between persuasion and propaganda?
#11 what is persuasion?
#12 what is social influence?
#13 what is the attitude of administration towards people/ citizens?
#14 what is the attitude of people/ citizens towards administration?
#15 what is moral attitude?
#16 what is the difference between attitude and aptitude?
#17 How to bring about attitude change in people?
#18 Is it possible to change core beliefs of people?
#19 What are core and peripheral beliefs?
WYSK - Topic 2 #20 What do you understand by liberalism? How is it different from radicalism?

Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service, integrity, impartiality and non-partisanship, objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and compassion towards
Topic 3 the weaker-sections.
#1 What are foundational values of civil services?
#2 What is aptitude?
#3 What is integrity?
#4 What is the difference between impartiality and non partisanship?
#5 What is objectivity? What is empathy? why is it important to balance the two in public service?
#6 What is meant by dedication to public service? Why is it important?
#7 What is tolerance? Why is it important in current times?
#8 What is the difference between sympathy, empathy and compassion?
#9 What are public values? How are they different from private values?
#10 What is political neutrality? What is its relevance?
#11 What are the values important for a public servant?
#12 What are the Nolan principles of Standards in Public Life?
#13 What is the difference between integrity and honesty?
#14 What are different types of public service values?
#15 What do you mean by empathy? Why is it important for civil servants?
#16 what are values?
#17 What is honesty?
#18 What is leadership? What are the qualities of a leader?
#19 What is the importance of tolerance for individual, society and the nation?
#20 How can values be inculcated in public servants?
#21 What in impartiality? Why is it an important virtue especially for a civil servant?
#22 What is fairness/justice? Why is it important for public servants?
#23 What are public service values? What are the 3 most important public service values as per you?
#24 what is the importance of courage of conviction?
WYSK - Topic 3 #25 What is meant by spirit of service?

Topic 4 Emotional intelligence-concepts, and their utilities and application in administration and governance.
#1 What do you mean by emotional intelligence?
#2How emotional intelligence became a key leadership skill?
#3What are the key elements of EI?
#4What can you do to improve EI?
#5 What is the ability model by Mayor and Salovery?
#6 What are the attributes of an Emotionally intelligent administrator?
#7What is the relevance of EI in the current civil services?
#8 Can EI be learned?
#9 What is emotional quotient?
#10What is the importance of EQ?
WYSK - Topic 4 #11 What is the need of EI at workplace?

Topic 5 Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world.
#1 What is golden mean of Aristotle?
#2 What is meant by John Rawls concept of justice?
#3 What are the seven sins of Gandhiji?
#4 What is Aristotle's concept of virtues?
#5 What are the cardinal virtues of Plato?
#6 What is utilitarianism? Difference between rule and act utilitarianism.
#7 What is deontology?
#8 What is the contribution of Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill to the field of ethics?
#9 What are the four Purusharthas in Indian Philosophy?
#10 What is Nishkama Karma ?
#11 What are the core values of Buddhist ethics?
#12 What are the core values of Hindu ethics/ Gita?
#13 What are the primary teachings of Jaina ethics?
#14 What are the primary teachings of Gandhian ethics?
#15 Charvaka school of ethics
#16 What is categorical imperative of Kant?
#17 What the basic ethical ideas of Swami Vivekananda? How are they relevant in the current times?
#18 What are the basic ethical ideas of Raja Ram Mohan Roy?
#19 What are the basic ideas of Rabindranath Tagore? How are they relevant in the current times?
#20 What are the basic ideas of Kautilya? How far can they be considered ethical in the present times?
#21 What are the basic ideas of Thiruvalluvar?
WYSK - Topic 5 #22 How are Epicureanism and Stoicism different?

Public/Civil service values and Ethics in Public administration: Status and problems; ethical concerns and dilemmas in government and private institutions; laws, rules, regulations
and conscience as sources of ethical guidance; accountability and ethical governance; strengthening of ethical and moral values in governance; ethical issues in international
Topic 6 relations and funding; corporate governance.
#1 What do you understand by civil / public service values ?
#2 What are the various civil/public services values in the public administration ?
#3 What is the role of ethics in public administration ?
#4 What are various challenges for adhering to ethical values in public administration?
#5What are ethical concerns in government organization ?
#6What are ethical concerns in private organization ?
#7What are different types of ethical dilemmas in public administration?
#8 What are different types of ethical dilemmas in private institution ?
#9 Differentiate between ethical dilemmas in government and private institutions
#10 What are the sources of ethical guidance.
#11What are laws , rules and regulations ? #12What is conscience?
#13What is the difference between laws and conscience as source of ethical guidance?
#14 What is accountability ?
#15Differentiate between accountability and responsibility ?
#16 What is relation between accountability and ethical governance ?
#17 What is the need of strengthening ethical and moral values in the governance ?
#18 What are the various ways to strengthen ethical and moral values in the governance ?
#19What are various ethical dimensions in international relations ?
#20What are challenges to ethical international relations ?
#21What are various principles or ways to make international relations ethical ?
#22What do you understand by ethical funding
#23 What is corporate governance ?
#24What are major pillars on which corporate government rests ?
WYSK - Topic 6 #25 What are ethical issues involved in corporate governance ?

Probity in Governance: Concept of public service; Philosophical basis of governance and probity; Information sharing and transparency in government, Right to Information, Codes of
Topic 7 Ethics, Codes of Conduct, Citizen’s Charters, Work culture, Quality of service delivery, Utilization of public funds, challenges of corruption.
#1 What do you understand by public service ?
#2 What is philosophical basis of governance ?
#3 What is probity ?
#4 What is importance of probity in governance ?
#5 What are the factors necessary for strengthening probity in the governance?
#6 What are the ways through the value of probity can be inculcated ?
#7 What is the utility of information sharing in government?
#8 What are basic tenets of RTI act ?
#9 What is whistle blowing?
#10 What do you understand by transparency in the government ?
#11 What is the utility of transparency in the government ?
#12What is code of ethics and code of conduct ?
#13 Differentiate between code of ethics and code of conduct.
#14 What are the various aspects of citizen charter ?
#15 What is the utility of citizen charter in the governance?
#16What is the reason that citizen charters are not effective ?
#17 What do you understand by work culture of an organization ?
#18 What are various issues associated within work culture of government organization?
#19What can be done to improve the work culture of government organization ?
#20 What is effective quality service delivery ?
#21 What do you understand by public resources ?
#22What is effective utilization of public resource?
#23 What are challenges to the effective utilization of public resources ?
#24 What is corruption ?
#25 What are harms caused by corruption the government ?
#26 What are multiple dimensions of corruptions ?
WYSK - Topic 7 #27 What are various challenges posed by corruption in the public administration?

Topic 8 Case Studies on above issues.

Few examples of the themes that can be asked:

#1 Siphoning off of funds allocated for PMGKY

#2 black marketing of medicines and oxygen cylinders by employees of government hospitals
#3 harassment of orphan children
#4 DM misbehaving with his/her staff due to work pressure
#5 vaccine hesitancy
#6 Tragedy of oxygen gas leakage at a covid care centre
#7 Rescue operation during Cyclones
#8 Role of an individual during various disasters
#9 Cheating in examinations
WYSK - Topic 8 #10 Distribution of vaccines , drugs - centre states relations