B.E. (Information Technology) Seventh Semester (C.B.S.

)
Artificial Intelligence

P. Pages : 2 NRT/KS/19/3584
Time : Three Hours *0301* Max. Marks : 80
_____________________________________________________________________
Notes : 1. All questions carry marks as indicated.
2. Assume suitable data whenever necessary.
3. Illustrate your answers whenever necessary with the help of neat sketches.

1. a) Define A.I and applications of A.I. 6

b) Analyze the different problem characteristics for the following problems:- 7

i) 8 - puzzle problem
ii) Traveling salesman problem
iii) Chess playing

OR

2. a) Give the state space representation of the water jug problem & give one solution to it. 6

b) What are production systems? Write the difference between monotonic and non- 7
monotonic production system. Give one example of each.

3. a) Explain Hill climbing techniques and problems associated with it. 7

b) Write and explain A* algorithm with suitable example. 7

OR

4. a) Explain means-ends analysis for robot navigation, mention the robot operators and also 6
write the difference table.

b) Explain constraint satisfaction problem with respect to the cryptarithmetic problem given 8
SEND
below:- + MORE
MONEY

5. a) Write about the issues in knowledge representation in solving AI problems. Explain tham. 7

b) What do you mean by ontology? State the purpose of ontology. Discuss the types of 6
ontology with example.

OR

6. a) What is resolution principle? Write an algorithm for resolution in propositional logic. 6

b) Explain the way of knowledge representation and also the properties of knowledge 7
representation system.

NRT/KS/19/3584 1 P.T.O
7. a) Represent the following statements in predicate logic:- 8
i) The owner of a bike also own a car.
ii) Everyone is loyal to someone.
iii) All the courses in Information Technology are easy.
iv) Joe eats orange and Still alive

b) What is script? Write a script for "Visiting to a cinema hall'. 6

OR
8. a) Write a short note on RTN with suitable diagram. 7

b) Develop a parse tree for the sentence "Rosy met a boy in the coffee house" using the 7
rules given below:-
S → NP / VP
NP → N | DET N.PP | DET N
VP → V NP
PP → PREP NP
N → Roma | boy | theater
V → Met
DET → a | the
PREP → in | with

9. a) State various types of learning methods and explain with example. 6

b) Explain the following in detail any one: 7

i) Architecture of Rule Based Export system
ii) Knowledge Engineering Process.
OR
10. a) Differentiate the following pairs 6
i) Database versus knowledge Base
ii) Conventional system versus Expert system.

b) List and explain the characteristics of Expert system. 7

11. a) What do you mean by posterior probability prior probability? Explain the need of Bayes 6
theorem in AI.

b) Explain the following any two. 7

i) Membership function ii) Crisp set
iii) Applications of fuzzy logic iv) Certainty factor (CF)
OR
12. a) What do you mean by certainty factor? How we can find the CF for proving certainty of 7
any hypothesis?

b) Explain Bayesian network with suitable example. 6

******

NRT/KS/19/3584 2
 B.E. (Information Technology) Seventh Semester (C.B.S.)
Artificial Intelligence
P. Pages : 2 NJR/KS/18/4639
Time : Three Hours *0282* Max. Marks : 80
_____________________________________________________________________
Notes : 1. All questions carry marks as indicated.
2. Solve Question 1 OR Questions No. 2.
3. Solve Question 3 OR Questions No. 4.
4. Solve Question 5 OR Questions No. 6.
5. Solve Question 7 OR Questions No. 8.
6. Solve Question 9 OR Questions No. 10.
7. Solve Question 11 OR Questions No. 12.
8. Illustrate your answers whenever necessary with the help of neat sketches.

1. a) Define A.I and application of A.I? 6

b) Explain the problem characteristics for solving following A.I. Problems. 8

i) Water- jug problem

ii) Chess playing
iii) 8- puzzle problem
OR

2. a) Give the difference between monotonic and non- monotonic production system with 7
example.

b) Give the state space representation of the water-jug problem and give one solution to it. 7

3. a) Differentiate between uninformed search techniques and informed search techniques with 7
one example.

b) Write and explain with suitable example of AO* algorithm? 6

OR

4. a) What do you mean by constraint satisfaction problem? Solve the following 6

cryptarithmetic problem given below: (Make suitable assumption)?
CROSS
 ROADS
DANGER

b) Show how means ends analysis could be used to solve a problem of getting from one 7
place to another. Operators are walk, drive, take a bus, take a cab, fly.

5. a) Represent the following statements in predicate logic: 5

i) Every fisher man likes the river.

ii) Every member of the Everest club who is not a skier is a mountain climber.
iii) Steve only likes easy courses.
iv) All the courses in the basket weaving department are easy.
v) John like all kinds of food.

NJR/KS/18/4639 1 P.T.O
 b) Explain Resolution principle with example. 8

OR

6. a) Explain the way of knowledge representation and also the properties of knowledge 7
representation systems.

b) Explain the steps used by propositional logic. 6

7. a) Define scripts. Design the scripts for ROBBERY. 8

b) Explain frames with example. 5

OR

8. a) Construct semantic Net representation of the following. 7

i) Dave is welsh, Dave is a lecturer.

ii) Paul learnt his new Frank Zappa CD to his best friend.

b) Write short notes on R.T.N. 6

9. a) What do you mean by expert system? Draw the architecture of expert system and explain 8
the purpose of each component involved in it.

b) What is expert system shell? Why it is preferred to keep knowledge separate from 5
inference logic?
OR

10. a) Explain the features of expert system? 7

b) Write the short note on any one. 6

i) DENDRAL
ii) MYCIN

11. a) State and explain Bayes theorem. Also, write the significance of Bayes theorem. 7

b) Explain Dempster- Shafer theory with example. 7

OR

12. a) What do you mean by certainty factor? How we can find the CF for proving certainty of 7
any hypothesis?

b) Explain Bayesian network with suitable example. 7

************

NJR/KS/18/4639 2
 B.E. Seventh Semester (Information Technology) (C.B.S.)
Artificial Intelligence
P. Pages : 2 NKT/KS/17/7500
Time : Three Hours *0157* Max. Marks : 80
_____________________________________________________________________
Notes : 1. All questions carry marks as indicated.
2. Solve Question 1 OR Questions No. 2.
3. Solve Question 3 OR Questions No. 4.
4. Solve Question 5 OR Questions No. 6.
5. Solve Question 7 OR Questions No. 8.
6. Solve Question 9 OR Questions No. 10.
7. Solve Question 11 OR Questions No. 12.
8. Due credit will be given to neatness.
9. Illustrate your answers whenever necessary with the help of neat sketches.

1. a) Explain the following : 6

i) Turing test
ii) AI Techniques

b) Define AI. Explain the 7 problem characteristics with example. 7

OR
2. a) Suppose, you are given two jugs 4 gallon and 3 gallon capacity. Neither has any measuring 6
mark on it. There is a pump that can be used to fill jug with water. How can you get exactly
2 gallon of water in 3 gallon jug & you cannot throw water on ground. Determine final state
and give the state space representation for this problem. Assume, initial state of both the
jugs are empty.

b) What are the characteristics of a production system? Write one example of monotonic and 7
nonmonotonic production system.

3. a) Write the algorithm for Depth first search. 6

b) Write and explain with suitable example AO* algorithm. 7

OR
4. a) What do you mean by constraint satisfaction problem? Solve the following 6
cryptoarithmetic problem given below : (Make suitable assumptions)
SE ND
 MORE
MONEY

b) Discuss the problems of Hill climbing and solution of the problems. 7

5. a) Write and explain the issues in knowledge representation in solving AI problems. 6

b) Write the purpose of using ontology. Discuss the term ontology and types of ontology. 7
Give any example of ontology.
OR

NKT/KS/17/7500 1 P.T.O
6. a) Consider the following statements 7
i) Mark is calico ii) Herb is tuna
iii) Charlie is tuna iv) All tunas are fishes
v) All calico's are cats vi) All cats like to eat all kinds of fishes.
Prove that Mark like to eat Charlie using resolution principle.

b) Explain the steps used by propositional logic. 6

7. a) Explain the frames and write a frame to represent a bag. 7

b) Write a script for "going to examination hall". 7

OR

8. a) What do you mean by semantic network? Discuss the symbols used to represent knowledge 7
using semantic network and draw a semantic network for a statement "John is a brother of
Mary".

b) Explain the following any one. 7

i) Recursive Transition Network with diagram.
ii) NLP applications and techniques of NLP.

9. a) Explain the knowledge engineering process in detail. 6

b) Draw with diagram the basic architecture of expert system. Explain the function of each 7
block.

OR

10. a) Write the difference between 8

i) Problem domain and knowledge domain.
ii) Conventional system and expert system.

b) Explain the following any one. 5

i) PROSPECTOR expert system.
ii) MYCIN expert system.

11. a) State and explain Bayes theorem with example. 7

b) Explain the Dempster - Shafer theory with example. 7

OR
12. a) What do you mean by fuzzy logic? Differentiate between fuzzy logic & predicate logic. 7

b) Explain the following any two. 7

i) Certainty factor (C.F.) ii) Crisp set
iii) Membership function iv) Applications of fuzzy logic.

***********

NKT/KS/17/7500 2
 B.E. (Information Technology) Seventh Semester (C.B.S.)
Artificial Intelligence
P. Pages : 2 TKN/KS/16/7586
Time : Three Hours *0961* Max. Marks : 80
_____________________________________________________________________
Notes : 1. All questions carry marks as indicated.
2. Solve Questions 1 OR Questions No. 2.
3. Solve Questions 3 OR Questions No. 4.
4. Solve Questions 5 OR Questions No. 6.
5. Solve Questions 7 OR Questions No. 8.
6. Solve Questions 9 OR Questions No. 10.
7. Solve Questions 11 OR Questions No. 12.
8. Due credit will be given to neatness.
9. Illustrate your answers whenever necessary with the help of neat sketches.

1. a) What is Turing Test? Explain the purpose of turing test. 5

b) Explain the problem characteristics for solving following AI-problems :- 8

i) Water – jug problem. ii) Chess Playing.
iii) 8-puzzle problem.
OR
2. a) Explain the working of production system. Differentiate between monotonic and non- 7
monotonic production system. Give one example of monotonic and non-monotonic
production system.

b) Explain the state-space representation used for water jug problem. 6

3. a) Write the significance of A* algorithm used in solving AI problems. Write the steps used 6
by A* algorithm.

b) Explain constraint satisfaction problem with respect to the cryptarithmetic problem given 7
below : -
SEND
 MORE
MONEY
OR
4. a) Write algorithm mean-ends Analysis MEAN (CURRENT, GOAL) for robot navigation 7
for same, mention the robot operators and difference table.

b) Explain Hill Climbing Algorithm in detail. What are the hurdles in it. What are its 6
advantages?

5. a) List the various approaches to knowledge representation in AI. Discuss the issues related to 6
it.

b) What do you mean by ontology? Explain the ontology concept with reference to diagnosis 7
of any human disease.
OR
6. a) What do you mean by CNF? Explain the process to convert the following proposition into 7
CNF: -
D  Y    R  Z
TKN/KS/16/7586 1 P.T.O
 b) Give resolution principle, also write resolution algorithm in predicate logic. 6

7. a) What is semantic network? Draw the components involved in it. for the sentence given 7
below, construct an semantic network: -
"Every thief was bitten by a police".

b) Write a script to represent the scenario created for following: - 7

"Online shopping of book from www.amazon.com."
OR
8. a) Writer short note on any two. 6
i) Truth Maintenance system and its types.
ii) Transition Networks – RTN and ATN.
iii) Techniques of NLP.

b) Construct a parse tree for the sentence given below. 8

"Gita saw a dog in the market".
Use the following rules or add some rules is required.
S  NP V P N  Gita / dog | market
NP  N V  saw/ run
VP  V NP PREP  in /with.
NP  DET N PP
PP  PREP NP
NP  DET N
DET  a | am | the

9. a) What do you mean by expert system? Draw the architecture of expert system and explain 8
the purpose of each component involved in it.

b) Explain the following :- 6

i) Knowledge engineering process. ii) Expert system shell.
OR
10. a) Explain in detail about the development phases of expert system life cycle. 6

b) Differentiate the following pairs 8

i) Data base versus knowledge base.
ii) Conventional system versus Expert system.

11. a) State and explain bayes theorem. Also, write the Significance of bayes theorem. 6

b) Explain the Dumpster- Shafer theory with suitable example. 7

OR
12. a) Explain the Bayesian network with suitable example. 6

b) What do you mean by certainty factor? How we can find the CF for proving certainty of 4
any hypothesis?

c) How fuzzy set is different from crisp set? 3

********

TKN/KS/16/7586 2
7. (a) Explain Minimax search procedure. Write the NTK/KW/15/2743
algorithm for Minimax search procedure :
MINIMAX (Position, Depth, Player). 8 Faculty of Engineering & Technology
(b) What do you mean by planning ? Give STRIPS Seventh Semester B.E. (Information Tech.)
operators for Blocks World. 5 Examination
8. Write short notes on the following : ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
(a) Natural language generation Elective—I

(b) Chomsky hierarchy Sections—A & B

Time—Three Hours] [Maximum Marks—80
(c) Transition Networks. 13
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
9. What is learning ? Explain in brief different types of
(1) All questions carry marks as indicated.
learning with example. 13
(2) Answer THREE questions from Section A and
10. (a) With t he help of block diagram, explain THREE questions from Section B.
components of typical expert system. 8 (3) Due credit will be given to neatness and adequate
(b) What is knowledge acquisition ? Explain different dimensions.
techniques of knowledge acquisition. 5 (4) Assume suitable data wherever necessary.
(5) Illustrate your answers wherever necessary with
the help of neat sketches.
SECTION—A
1. (a) What is Production System ? Explain production
system characteristics. 6
(b) What is the difference between simple hill
climbing, steepest ascent hill climbing and
simulated annealing ? Explain with example of
each. 7

MVM—46063 4 375 MVM—46063 1 (Contd.)

2. (a) Explain all the problem characteristics with 4. (a) Represent the following sentences into a sematic
example. 7 n/w :
(b) Write a short note on A* Algorithm. 7 Birds are animals
Birds have feathers, fly and lay eggs
3. (a) Convert following sentences into first order
Albatross is a bird
logic :
Donald is a bird
(i) Every gardener likes the sun.
Tracy is an albatross. 5
(ii) You can fool some of the people all of the (b) Write short notes on Conceptual Dependency.
time. Represent “John gave Mary a book” in CD form.
(iii) Everyone is younger than his father. 4
(c) Write short note on Truth Maintenance System.
(iv) All purple mushrooms are poisonous.
4
(v) Every dog owner is an animal lover.
5. (a) Explain with example forward and backward
(vi) If an animal has feathers then it flies. 6
reasoning techniques. 7
(b) Consider the following statements : (b) Explain non-monotonic reasoning system in brief
Puss is a calico with suitable example. 6
Herb is a tuna SECTION—B
Charlie is a tuna 6. (a) What is Dependency Directed Backtracking and
All tunas are fishes how does it differ from chronological back-
tracking ? Give example. 5
All calicos are cats
(b) Write short notes on :
All cats like to eat all kind of fishes.
(i) Fuzzy logic
Prove that puss likes to eat Charlie using resolution (ii) Certainty factors
technique. 6 (iii) Bayesian networks. 9

MVM—46063 2 (Contd.) MVM—46063 3 (Contd.)