MIMO-Array Antenna With Beamforming For 5G Applications

Assignment 1
Business Research Management
Title: MIMO-Array Antenna with Beamforming for 5G Applications

Name of author: Leevanshi Rao Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Shri G.S.
Institute of Technology and Science Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Name of journal with volume and issue: 10th IEEE International Conference on Communication
Systems and Network Technologies
Main Focus of the paper:

A 5G MIMO-array antenna is designed on a Rogers’ RT/Duroid 5880 substrate (thickness= 0.25 mm)
and proposed to resonate at 28.0 GHz, for the coverage in the intended directions. CST-Microwave
studio is used to design and simulate the antenna. The presented MIMO-array achieved a gain of
7.58 dBi and an overall efficiency of 92.36% at the resonating frequency. Two beams pointing in two
different directions are obtained at ± 200. The bandwidth of 570 MHz and ECC of less than 10-3 are
achieved in the band. Very low value of channel capacity loss is observed in the operating band here.
Variables discussed in the paper:

With the advancement in the wireless technology over the years, the number of users and their
demands increased. High speeds, greater coverage areas, higher spectral efficiencies and huge
capacity of networks are all what is desired for the latest technologies. The high data rates, great
connectivity and high speeds attract more and more devices. To avoid the radiations in the undesired
directions and divert them towards the desired direction, beamforming is introduced. This technique
helped in focusing the beam in the desired direction and nullifying the unwanted signals and
reducing the side lobe levels. The 4G has limited data rates. It is because of the usage of
0.7/0.8/0.9/1.8/ 1.9/2.1/2.2/2.3/2.4/2.5/3.5 GHz frequency spectrum, and has 5 MHz to 20 MHz
scalable bandwidth only. The 4G has spectral efficiencies for uplink and downlink in the range of
6.75-15.0 bits/s/Hz. The 5G spectrum covers 3.3-4.2 GHz, 4.4-4.99 GHz bands, and 24-28 GHz, 37-40
GHz band, and some other bands around 60 GHz frequency respectively. The analog beamforming is
first and foremost classification of beamforming. It is the technique where the phase shifting of the
input signal is done. This technique is cost effective and phase shifters are used while designing the
system. The next classification for the beamforming is the Digital beamforming. In digital
beamforming, the vector weights of the signal that is fed into the input are added and the desirable
output is generated. This network of beamforming comprises of ADC (Analog-to-Digital circuits) and
digital circuits. Also, the analog building blocks are present in the circuit as well. Variety of
beamforming networks and single input single output antennas are available for LTE, WLAN, WiMAX,
and 5G applications under the 1-6 GHz and above 10 GHz frequency bands. But very few multiple
input multiple output (MIMO) antenna designs are available in literature. Beamforming techniques
can also be used as has been proposed in and further to the design aspects suggested in.
Hypothesis tested:
Parameters Values (in

mm)
sw 12
sl 16.245
pw 4.018
pl 3.296
fl1 1.71
fw1 0.284
fl2 1.54
fw2 0.498
fw 0.298
fl 1.546
Research model:
Subordinate variable: PROPOSED 5G MIMO-ARRAY ANTENNA DESIGN
Research methodology adopted:
The proposed MIMO antenna is designed and simulated in the Computer simulation tool microwave
studio (CST MWS). The MIMO is designed on the Rogers’ RT/Duroid 5880 substrate (and loss
tangent=0.0009 with the full copper ground for the 5G application. The dielectric thickness of the
substrate is kept 0.25 mm and the thickness of the copper is 175 µm. It is designed on the substrate
dimension of 12 x 16.245 mm2. The patch for the antenna is designed for 28 GHz. Each port has
three patch elements and the widths and lengths of the patch are calculated for the 50 Ω. The
diagonal edges of each patch are etched. This was done in order to enhance the gain and beam
directions. All the patch elements are connected to the 50 Ω line with a 70 Ω quarter wave line. This
is done in order to achieve the impedance matching. The calculated parameters are listed in the
Table 1 below and the proposed 5G MIMO-array antenna.
Various techniques used for data analysis:

Technique:
Description: A parametric sweep is also performed for the proposed MIMO-array to analyze the effects of
certain critical parameter of the design. It is seen that the patch length (pl) and width of the etching on the
edges (fw2) affects the return loss parameters for the proposed MIMO-array antenna. For the pl=3.2965
mm, minimum return loss is observed and for other values higher return losses are obtained. Similarly, for
the pw2=0.49875 mm minimum return loss is observed and for other values higher return losses are
obtained. In both the cases isolations are higher than 20 dB.
Brief overview of outcome:

A 2-port MIMO-array antenna has been proposed in this work for the 5G beamforming applications.
The antenna was designed for the band of millimetre-wave frequency. The antenna has 2:1 VSWR
and resonated at 28.0 GHz with an isolation of – 57.25 dB. Also, the MIMO-array antenna covered
the band of 27.71 - 28.28 GHz frequency. The antenna has achieved more than 96% of radiation
efficiency and total efficiency around 92% in the band. At 28.0 GHz frequency, the antenna had
achieved a gain of 7.5 dBi, and

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Assignment 1

Business Research Management

Title: MIMO-Array Antenna with Beamforming for 5G Applications

Main Focus of the paper:

Variables discussed in the paper:

Parameters Values (in

Various techniques used for data analysis:

Brief overview of outcome:

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