La Martiniere College, Lucknow

Class 9
Project and Lab Manual Work
List of Projects and Lab Manual Work
NOTE: ALL PROJECT AND LAB MANUAL WORK MUST BE COMPLETED BY 31 OCTOBER 2024.

S.No. Subject

1. Literature in English

2. Hindi

3. Mathematics

4. History/Civics

5. Geography

6. Physics

7. Chemistry

8. Biology

9. Physical Education

10. Art

11. Urdu

12. Computer Applications

13. Mass Media and Communication

14. Environmental Science

15. Economics

16. Commercial Studies

17. Artificial Intelligence and Robotics

 SUBJECT: LITERATURE IN ENGLISH
CHOOSE ANY (TWO) TOPICS OF YOUR CHOICE

Q.1) How far does the play ‘Julius Caesar’ illustrate the view that politics is a dirty game? Imagine you are a
journalist and you have to write a report about politics being a dirty game after Caesar’s funeral. Include as
many facts from the play as possible and also comment upon the ways in which Shakespeare uses the weather.

Q.2) “And never to speak or protest against any wrong done to you and to tolerate humiliation are qualities
which suite no human being” Do you agree? Write with reference to ‘Bonku Babu’s Friend.’ Summarize the
lesson and also state your views about pranks after analyzing the lesson.
Q.3) Illustrate and elaborate the Role and Characters of Laura Merton, Hughie Erskine, Trevor and Baron
Hausberg with reference to ‘The Model Millionaire.’ Is the Title, ‘The Model Millionaire’ a suitable one for
the story? Justify.
General Instructions:
1) Every student must choose and give their views on ANY TWO of the given topics.

2) An index page is to be written and maintained.

3) After the Index Page an acknowledgement page must be written.

4) There must be pictures supporting your research and analysis on every page.
5) The written matter for each topic must be covered in a minimum of ten pages per topic.

6) The last page will contain your source / sources of information. (Bibliography)
7) One side ruled and one side plain punched paper must be used. The cover page should have the following
written on it:

Name –
Class –
Section –
Roll Number –

Subject –
 SUBJECT: HINDI

Class 9 हिन्दी परियोजना- कायय सत्र २०२४-२०२५

Hindi Project Topics & Instructions

Topics/ शीर्यक

1. हििंदी भार्ा- लगभग 300 से 400 शब्दों में

ननम्नललखित विर्य पि लगभग 300 से 400 शब्दों में लेि / ननबिंध ललखिए-

भाित में व्याप्त भ्रष्टाचाि तमाम प्रयासों के बािज़ूद बिकिाि िै? इस हदशा में प्रधानमिंत्री जी को औि क्या-
क्या सख्त कदम उठाने चाहिए?

2. हििंदी साहित्य (लगभग 300 से 400 शब्दों में )

“अपनी पाठ्य-पुस्तक ‘साहित्य सागि’ की पहठत किानी- ‘बात अठन्नी की’ का सािािंश ललिते िुए बताइये कक
भाित में भ्रष्टाचाि की क्या स्स्िनत िै ?

Instructions for Project Works.

परियोजना कायय िे तु आिश्यक ननदे श

1. ललिने िे तु नीली स्यािी का प्रयोग किें । काली स्यािी का प्रयोग प्रमुि बबन्द ु या उद्धिण ललिने में
किें ।
2. परियोजना-कायय के विर्य के अनुरूप छायाचचत्र/िे िाचचत्र, समाचाि पत्रों/ पबत्रकाओिं अििा अन्तिजाल
(Internet) से सामग्री ग्रिण कि सकते िैं।
3. परियोजना-कायय में कलात्मक ढिं ग से ननम्नललखित जानकारियााँ अिश्य दें –जैसे

प्रथम पष्ृ ठ- विद्यालय का नाम

हिन्दी भार्ा/साहित्य परियोजना-कायय, सत्र २०२४-२०२५

विद्यािी का नाम-

कक्षा ि िगय-

द्वितीय पष्ृ ठ- आभाि/अलभस्िीकृनत (Acknowledgement)

(इसमें परियोजना िे तु अपने प्रयास, प्रमि

ु स्रोतों से सिायता तिा अपने अनभ
ु ि आहद के विर्य में ललिें।)

तत
ृ ीय पष्ृ ठ- विर्य-सूची (Index)
हदये गये विर्यों पि ललखित परियोजना-कायय के पष्ृ ठ

अन्न्तम पष्ृ ठ- सिंदभय-सूची (Bibliography/Webliography)

(उन पुस्तकों, पबत्रकाओिं, िेबसाइट्स का उल्लेि किना, स्जनसे परियोजना-कायय में सिायता ली गई िो।)

4. परियोजना-कायय Interleaf Punch Sheet Paper में ललिकि तिा सम्बिंचधत चचत्र चस्पा कि
एक धागे से नत्िी कि दें औि एक clear bag file में ििकि जमा कि दें |
5. सुलेि एििं स्िच्छता का विशेर् ध्यान ििें।
 SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS
NOTE:

(According to CISCE guidelines a minimum of two assignments are to be done in a year.)

PROJECT- 1

TOPIC - HOME BUDGET

PROJECT- 2

TOPIC - AREA OF A CIRCLE

Planning a Home Budget (Project 1)

Session: 2024-25
Name:

Class:
Roll No.:

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to thank Ms/Mr. ___ for her/his valuable guidance and help. She/he clarified all my queries
about the project without which I would have not been able to complete the project. I would also like to thank
my family for providing all the necessary materials and my friends for helping me with this project.
 INDEX

S. No. TOPIC PAGE

 Introduction (2 pages)
What is budget?

Types of Budgets

1. Master Budget

A master budget is a comprehensive projection of how management expects to conduct all aspects of
business over the budget period, usually a fiscal year.

2. Operational Budget

The operational budget covers revenues and expenses surrounding the day-to-day core business of a company.
Revenues represent sales of products and services; expenses define the costs of goods sold as well as overhead
and administrative costs directly related to producing goods and services.

3. Cash Flow Budget

A cash flow budget examines the inflows and outflows of cash in a business on a day-to-day basis. It predicts
a company's ability to take in more money than it pays out.

4. Financial Budget

A financial budget outlines how a business receives and spends money on a corporate scale, including
revenues from core business plus income and costs from capital expenditures.

5. Static Budget

A static budget contains elements where expenditures remain unchanged with variations to sales levels.
Overhead costs represent one type of static budget.

6. Personal Budget

Individuals and families can have budgets, too. Creating and using a budget is not just for those who need to
closely monitor their cash flows from month to month because "money is tight." Almost everyone—even
people with large paychecks and plenty of money in the bank—can benefit from budgeting.
 Planning a home budget for a family (3-4 pages)

1.Details:
2.Name:
3. No. of members in the family:
4. Children studying:
5. Helping hands at home:
6. Landline and Mobile phones:
7. No. of vehicles:
8. House owned or rented:
9. Occupation of earning members:
Table with information on all the following expenses for a month

Bar Graph comparing all the expenses

[STICK THE GRAPH PAPER ON AN A4 SHEET]

Conclusion
 Total income of the family

Taxes to be paid

Actual Income after paying taxes

Expenditure

Savings

BIBILIOGRAPHY

According to CISCE minimum of two assignments are to be done during the year.

PROJECT 2

AREA OF A CIRCLE

Topic: Cutting a circle into equal sections of a small central angle to find the area of a circle.
Aim: Deriving the formula for finding the area of a circle.
We will work individually to derive the formula for circle.
Prerequisite concept: We will form a parallelogram by partitioning a circle and relate A = l × b
to A = π r2 .
Material required: A cardboard circle of 3.5 cm radius, scissors rulers coloured markers.
Procedure:
1. Place the centre of protractor of the protractor at the centre of the circle and zero line along the
Radius OA. Then mark every 30° around the circle.

2. Use a ruler and pencil, draw lines joining each 30° mark to the centre of the circle to form 6 diameters. The
diagram thus obtained will have 12 parts as shown in the figure given below.
3. Cut along the diameters so that all parts (i.e. sectors) are separated.
4. Arrange all of the sectors to make a shape that approximate a parallelogram as shown above.
5. Using a ruler, measure the base and the height of the approximate parallelogram obtained.
6. The circumference of the circle is the perimeter of circle which is C = 2πr and half this length goes on the
top of the parallelogram and the other half of the circle goes on the bottom. This is known as the base of the
parallelogram.
1
b = 2 (2πr)

b=πr
The height of parallelogram is just the radius of the original circle.
h=r
7. Now let us substitute these values in the area formula for the parallelogram.
A=bh
A = (π r) × r
A = π r2
As the parallelogram is obtained from the circle.
So
Area of parallelogram = Area of circle = π 𝐫 𝟐
Conclusion: We can get a better result if we divide the circle into 25 sectors (23 with an angle of 15° and 2
with an angle of 7.5°)

NOTE: Cover page should contain the following information:

MATHEMATICS PROJECT

SESSION 2024-2025

NAME

ROLL NUMBER CLASS & SECTION

1. HOME BUDGET

2. AREA OF A CIRCLE
 SUBJECT: HISTORY
Topic - The Harappan Civilization- Sources & its Features

Title Page [Name of the topic, Students Name, Class and Section and Roll Number]
Index

Acknowledgement
Introduction

1- Sources
Great Bath [1Page]
A. Citadel [1Page]
B. Seals [1Page]
C. Bearded man [1Page]
D. Dancing Girl [1Page]
E. Script [1Page]

2 – Features

A. Origin [2Pages]
B. Urban planning [2Pages]
C. Decline of the Civilization [2Pages]
3 - Conclusion
4 – Bibliography

General Instructions/ Guidelines to the students-

The project must maintain the order as specified-The order of the project is -

• Title page
• Index
• Acknowledgement
• Introduction
• All the sub- topics under Sources and Features
• Bibliography/ Webliography
➢ The project must be handwritten, within 15-18 pages. Only Blue and Black pens and colour
pencils are to be used.
➢ It should be well-researched and supported by relevant well -labelled pictures.
➢ The content must be presented in your own words.
➢ In the Introduction, an outline or overview of the topic is to be given.
➢ Bibliography/ Webliography to include all reference material, internet sites, and books, referred
for the project.
➢ Marks are to be awarded for the content and originality and not for decorative elements
and embellishments.
➢ The project shall be presented in the Project File covered with a blue cover and a cellophane.
 SUBJECT: GEOGRAPHY
Topic: Natural Regions of the World

The project must include:

▪ Cover page: Name, Class and Section, Roll No. and Topic.
▪ Index
▪ Acknowledgement
▪ Introduction
▪ Content
▪ Bibliography

SUB-TOPICS:

• Equatorial Region
• Tropical Grasslands
• Tropical Deserts
• Tropical Monsoon Type Climate
• Mediterranean Region
• Temperate Grasslands
• Taiga Region
• Tundra Region

❖ Use interleaved punch papers for your project.

❖ Each student is expected to choose any 4 sub-topics from the above-mentioned list and give a detailed
description of each sub-topic under the following heads:
• Location
• Area
• Climate
• Natural vegetation
• Human adaptation

❖ Relevant maps and pictures must be used to illustrate the reference material and content.
❖ Matter must be arranged well, organized and presented in a logical sequence.
 SUBJECT: PHYSICS
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

INSTRUCTIONS TO BE FOLLOWED:

• All written work to be done in the prescribed Physics Practical File/Lab Manual.

• Write your Name, Class- section and Roll no. clearly.

• Index to be written on the first page.

• Acknowledgement not needed in science experiments.

• The complete experiment beginning with the aim and ending with conclusion has to be written with neat,
clearly labelled diagrams.

• All practicals to be written from the prescribed Physics Practical File/Lab Manual itself.

• The observation column is most important. (Observation table is to be filled only after the experiment has
been conducted in the laboratory)

• The order of the experiments is as given below:

Experiment 1: Aim: To find the diameter of a metal sphere using Vernier Callipers.
Experiment 2: Aim: To calculate the least count and pitch of a screw gauge and hence find the diameter of a
thin metallic wire using the same.

Experiment 3: Aim: Using a simple pendulum, plot L∞ T2 graph and use it to find the value of acceleration
due to gravity.
Experiment 4: Aim: To verify Archimedes principle using a spring balance.

Experiment 5: Aim: Experimental verification of the laws of reflection.

Experiment 6: Aim: To determine the approximate focal length of a concave mirror by distant object method.

Experiment 7: Aim: To plot the magnetic field lines of a bar magnet.

 SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY
In Class 9, there is no project work for Chemistry as per CISCE guidelines. Instead of project work, practical
work is done. The record of practical work is maintained in a Lab Manual.

According to the syllabus, the following experiments are to be written in the Chemistry Lab Manual. Each
experiment has to be done on a new page. Write the date and heading on top. Draw a finishing line. Be neat
in your work. The Lab Manual work is to be submitted before the deadline.

EXPERIMENT – 1

Aim – To heat the given substance and record your observation, identify the products and make deductions

Apparatus – Borosilicate test tubes, test tube holder, Bunsen burner.

Process – Take a small amount of the given substance in a dry test tube and heat it, first gently and then
strongly. Note any change in colour, evolution of gas or sublimation.

Sr. Test Observation Deduction and

No. Equation

1. Green powder is taken in (i) Amorphous green powder changes to (i) Gaseous product is
a test tube and heated black colour on strong heating. carbon dioxide (CO2).
gently and then strongly.
(ii) Colourless, odourless gas evolved (ii) Residue is Copper
which turns lime water milky. (II) oxide and compound
is Copper (II) carbonate.

(iii) CuCO3 → CuO +

CO2

EXPERIMENT – 2

Aim – To heat the given substance and record your observation, identify the products and make deductions

Apparatus – Borosilicate test tubes, test tube holder, Bunsen burner.

Process – Take a small amount of the given substance in a dry test tube and heat it, first gently and then
strongly. Note any change in colour, evolution of gas or sublimation.

Sr. Test Observation Deduction and

No. Equation

1. White powder is taken in a (i) White amorphous solid changes to (i) Gaseous product is
test tube and heated yellow colour on strong heating and turns carbon dioxide (CO2).
strongly. white on cooling.
(ii) Residue is Zinc (II)
(ii) Colourless, odourless gas evolved oxide and compound is
which turns lime water milky. Zinc (II) carbonate.

(iii) ZnCO3 → ZnO +

CO2
 EXPERIMENT – 3

Aim – To heat the given substance and record your observation, identify the products and make deductions

Apparatus – Borosilicate test tubes, test tube holder, Bunsen burner.

Process – Take a small amount of the given substance in a dry test tube and heat it, first gently and then
strongly. Note any change in colour, evolution of gas or sublimation.

Sr. Test Observation Deduction and

No. Equation

1. Bluish green powder is (i) Bluish green crystalline solid on strong (i) Gaseous products are
taken in a test tube and heating gives off vapours which condense water (steam), Nitrogen
heated strongly. on cooler parts of the test tube. dioxide, oxygen.

(ii) Bluish green solid changes to a black (ii) Residue is Copper

reside. (II) oxide and compound
is Copper (II) nitrate.
(iii) Gives off reddish brown gas which
turns moist blue litmus paper red and (iii) Cu(NO3)2.3H2O →
hence gas is acidic. Cu(NO3)2 + 3H2O

(iv) When glowing splint is brought near 2Cu(NO3)2 → CuO +

the mouth of test tube, it relights. 4NO2 + O2

EXPERIMENT – 4

Aim – To heat the given substance and record your observation, identify the products and make deductions

Apparatus – Borosilicate test tubes, test tube holder, Bunsen burner.

Process – Take a small amount of the given substance in a dry test tube and heat it, first gently and then
strongly. Note any change in colour, evolution of gas or sublimation.

Sr. Test Observation Deduction and

No. Equation

1. White crystalline powder (i) White crystalline solid on strong (i) Gaseous product is
is taken in a test tube and heating gives off vapours which condense steam.
heated gently and then on cooler parts of the test tube.
strongly. (ii) Residue is Na2CO3
(ii) The colourless liquid turns cobalt powder and compound is
chloride paper pink. Thus, the salt is Sodium carbonate
hydrated. decahydrate.

(iii) A white amorphous residue is left. (iii) Na2CO3.10H2O →

Na2CO3 + 10H2O
 EXPERIMENT – 5

Aim – To heat the given substance and record your observation, identify the products and make deductions

Apparatus – Borosilicate test tubes, test tube holder, Bunsen burner.

Process – Take a small amount of the given substance in a dry test tube and heat it, first gently and then
strongly. Note any change in colour, evolution of gas or sublimation.

Sr. Test Observation Deduction and

No. Equation

1. White crystalline solid is (i) A white crystalline solid on strong (i) Gaseous products are
taken in a test tube and heating sublimes to form dense white ammonia and HCl which
heated strongly. fumes. condense to a white mass
on cooler parts of test
(ii) Dense white fumes condense to form tube.
a powdery mass on cooler parts of the test
tube. (ii) No residue is left and
compound is
Ammonium chloride.

(iii) NH4Cl ↔ NH3 +

HCl

EXPERIMENT – 6

Aim – To heat the given substance and record your observation, identify the products and make deductions

Apparatus – Borosilicate test tubes, test tube holder, Bunsen burner.

Process – Take a small amount of the given substance in a dry test tube and heat it, first gently and then
strongly. Note any change in colour, evolution of gas or sublimation.

Sr. Test Observation Deduction and

No. Equation

1. Orange powder is taken in (i) Orange crystalline solid swells up and (i) Gaseous products are
a test tube and heated gives off steamy vapours which condense nitrogen and water
strongly. on cooler parts of the test tube to form tiny vapours.
droplets of colourless liquid.
(ii) Residue is Chromium
(ii) The colourless liquid turns cobalt oxide and compound is
chloride paper pink. Ammonium dichromate.

(iii) The residue in the test tube is green. (iii) (NH4)2Cr2O7 → N2 +

Cr2O3 + 4H2O
 EXPERIMENT – 7

Aim – To heat the given substance and record your observation, identify the products and make deductions

Apparatus – Borosilicate test tubes, test tube holder, Bunsen burner.

Process – Take a small amount of the given substance in a dry test tube and heat it, first gently and then
strongly. Note any change in colour, evolution of gas or sublimation.

Sr. Test Observation Deduction and

No. Equation

1. Blue crystalline solid is (i) Blue crystalline solid on heating forms (i) Gaseous products are
taken in a test tube and a white powder. water vapours, sulphur
heated strongly. dioxide and oxygen.
(ii) Gives off steamy vapours which form
tiny droplets on cooler parts of test tube (ii) Residue is Copper
and turns cobalt chloride paper pink. (II) oxide and compound
is Copper (II) sulphate
(iii) A black residue is obtained on strong pentahydrate.
heating.
(iii) CuSO4.5H2O →
(iv) Colourless gas with smell of burning CuSO4 + 5H2O
sulphur is evolved which turns acidified
potassium dichromate paper green. CuSO4 → 2CuO + 2SO2
+ O2
 EXPERIMENT – 8

Aim – To heat the given substance and record your observation, identify the products and make deductions.

Apparatus – Borosilicate test tubes, test tube holder, Bunsen burner.

Process – Take a small amount of the given substance in a dry test tube and heat it, first gently and then
strongly. Note any change in colour, evolution of gas or sublimation.

Sr. Test Observation Deduction and

No. Equation

1. White powder is taken in a (i) On strong heating it gives off steamy (i) Steamy vapours are
test tube and heated. vapours which condense on the cooler water vapours.
parts of test tube. It turns cobalt chloride
paper pink. (ii) The acidic gas is
nitrogen dioxide.
(ii) On further heating it gives off a
reddish-brown gas which is acidic in (ii) Residue is Zinc oxide
nature. and compound is Zinc
nitrate hexahydrate.
(iii) The residue is yellow when hot and
white when cold. (iii) Zn(NO3)2.6H2O →
Zn(NO3)2 + 6H2O

2Zn(NO3)2 → 2ZnO +
4NO2 + O2

EXPERIMENT – 9

Aim – To heat the given substance and record your observation, identify the products and make deductions

Apparatus – Borosilicate test tubes, test tube holder, Bunsen burner.

Process – Take a small amount of the given substance in a dry test tube and heat it, first gently and then
strongly. Note any change in colour, evolution of gas or sublimation.

Sr. Test Observation Deduction and

No. Equation

1. White crystalline solid is (i) The white crystalline solid precipitates (i) Gaseous products are
taken in a test tube and on heating. nitrogen dioxide and
heated strongly. oxygen.
(ii) Gives off a reddish-brown gas which
is acidic in nature. (ii) Residue is Lead (II)
oxide and compound is
(iii) Residue is reddish brown but changes Lead (II) nitrate.
to yellow on cooling.
(iii) 2Pb(NO3)2 →
2PbO + 4NO2 + O2
 EXPERIMENT – 10

Aim – To identify the given substance by adding dilute sulphuric acid and record your observation, identify
the gas evolved and make deductions

Apparatus – Borosilicate test tubes, test tube holder, Bunsen burner.

Sr. Experiment Observation Deduction and

No. Equation

1. Take the given substance in (i) A colourless, odourless gas is evolved. (i) Gas evolved is
a test tube, add a little of hydrogen (H2).
dilute sulphuric acid and (ii) The gas burns with a pop sound and a
warm it. pale blue flame. (ii) The given substance
is a metal above
hydrogen in the activity
series.

(iii) Example: Mg +
H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2

Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4
+ H2

EXPERIMENT – 11

Aim – To identify the given substance by adding dilute sulphuric acid and record your observation, identify
the gas evolved and make deductions

Apparatus – Borosilicate test tubes, test tube holder, Bunsen burner.

Sr. Experiment Observation Deduction and

No. Equation

1. Take a pinch of unknown (i) A colourless gas is evolved with (i) Gas evolved is carbon
substance in a dry test tube. effervescence. dioxide (CO2).
Add a few ml of dilute
sulphuric acid to the solid. (ii) Gas turns moist blue litmus paper red (ii) The given substance
and turns lime water milky. is a carbonate.

(iii) Gas does not have any effect on (iii) Example: Na2CO3 +
orange potassium dichromate. H2SO4 → Na2SO4 +
H2O + CO2
 EXPERIMENT – 12

Aim – To identify the given substance by adding dilute sulphuric acid and record your observation, identify
the gas evolved and make deductions

Apparatus – Borosilicate test tubes, test tube holder, Bunsen burner.

Sr. Experiment Observation Deduction and

No. Equation

1. Take a pinch of unknown (i) A colourless gas with a foul smell, as (i) Gas evolved is
substance in a dry test tube. of rotten eggs, is evolved. hydrogen sulphide
Add a few ml of dilute (H2S).
sulphuric acid and heat it (ii) Gas turns moist lead acetate paper
gently. black. (ii) The given substance
is a sulphide.

(iii) Example: FeS +

H2SO4 → FeSO4 + H2S

ZnS + H2SO4 → ZnSO4

+ H2 S

EXPERIMENT – 13

Aim – To identify the given substance by adding dilute sulphuric acid and record your observation, identify
the gas evolved and make deductions

Apparatus – Borosilicate test tubes, test tube holder, Bunsen burner.

Sr. Experiment Observation Deduction and

No. Equation

1. Take a pinch of unknown (i) A colourless gas with a suffocating (i) Gas evolved is
substance in a dry test tube. smell of burning sulphur is evolved. sulphur dioxide (SO2).
Add a few ml of dilute
sulphuric acid and heat it (ii) Gas turns lime water milky. (ii) The given substance
gently. is a sulphite.
(iii) Gas turns acidified potassium
dichromate paper green. (iii) Example: Na2SO3 +
H2SO4 → Na2SO4 +
H2O + SO2

K2SO3 + H2SO4 →
K2SO4 + H2O + SO2
 EXPERIMENT – 14

Aim – To identify the given metallic ion using flame test

Apparatus – Platinum loop, watch glass, glass rod, Bunsen burner.

Procedure – Take the platinum loop and dip it in conc. HCl. Hold the loop in non-luminous flame till the
platinum wire does not impart any colour to the flame. Make a paste of the compound with two to three drops
of conc. HCl on the watch glass. Take a little of the paste on the platinum loop and introduce it into the non-
luminous flame. Observe the colour imparted to the flame with naked eye and then through cobalt blue glass.

Observation table –

Substance Colour observed with naked eye Colour observed through cobalt blue
glass

A potassium salt Violet Violet or pink

A sodium salt Golden yellow Yellow colour vanishes

A calcium salt Brick red Light green

Experiment – 15

Aim – To differentiate between temporary and permanent hard water

Apparatus – Borosilicate test tubes, test tube holder, Bunsen burner.

Procedure – Two unknown samples ‘A’ and ‘B’ containing temporary and permanent hard water are taken
separately in a test tube. The water is boiled slowly, gases allowed to escape out, and then the water is filtered.
Ordinary soap is rubbed by the hands inside each filtered sample.

Observation – The sample of water ‘A’ lathers with soap. The sample of water ‘B’ does not lather with soap.

Result – The boiled and filtered sample ‘A’ which lathers is temporary hard water whose hardness is removed
by boiling. Sample ‘B’ is permanent hard water whose hardness cannot be removed by boiling.
 SUBJECT: BIOLOGY

In class 9, there is no project work for biology as per CISCE guidelines. Instead of project work, practical
work is carried out which is to be recorded in the Lab Manual.

• Each experiment will start from a fresh page.

• The Biology Lab Manual is interleaved i.e. the right-hand side is ruled whereas the left-hand side is
plain.
• You are required to write the text related to experiment on the ruled side while the diagrams will be
drawn on the plain side.
• For the ruled side use black pen for headings, sub-headings and blue pen for the content under each.
• Diagrams need not to be artistic, simple line diagrams are sufficient, however, light shading can be
done where needed.
• Use HB pencil to draw diagrams.
• Diagrams drawn using pen, sketch pens will not be evaluated.
• Do not colour the diagrams.
• Write the date and heading on top.
• Draw a finishing line. Be neat in your work.
• The Lab Manual work is to be submitted before the deadline.
According to the scope of syllabus, the following experiments need to be written in Biology.
 Experiment No. 1

Aim: To observe and study the microscopic structure of various parts of a plant cell using an
onion peel.

Requirements: Onion bulb, glass slide, coverslip, safranin stain, long handled needle, fine brush,
blotting paper and compound microscope.

Theory: All the organisms whether plants or animals are made up of cells. Cells are considered
to be the building blocks of all the organisms. On the basis of presence or absence of a
well-defined nucleus and membrane bound cell organelles, cells can be classified into
two major types: Prokaryotic Cells and the Eukaryotic Cells. Prokaryotic cells are
represented by bacteria and blue-green algae which belong to Kingdom Monera while
the Eukaryotic cells are present in rest of the Kingdoms, viz., Protista, Fungi, Plantae
and Animalia.
Plants and animals are made up of plant and animal cells, respectively. The major
differences between them are as under:
Animal cells possess centrosome which is absent in the plant cells.
Plant cells possess chloroplasts and cell wall which are absent in the animal cells.

Procedure: 1. The under-surface of a fleshy leaf of the onion bulb is carefully peeled for a thin layer
of cells.
2. This thin film being tender is carefully washed and stained using safranin stain which
imparts pink colour to the cells.
3. Take a small square section of the tissue in a drop of glycerine and carefully put it
over the glass slide and cover it carefully with a coverslip with the long-handled needle
so that air bubbles are avoided.
4. Observe the slide first under lower magnification (10X) and later under higher
magnification (45X).

Observation:

1. A large number of polygonal cells are seen.

2. These cells are provided with a distinct cell wall and a prominent nucleus.
3. Each cell is filled with a viscous cytoplasm.

Precautions:
• Avoid overstaining of the tissue sample. In case of overstaining, wash it again
with plain water.
• Special care should be taken while lowering the coverslip as air bubbles may
enter in it and spoil the whole of the microscopic field. To remove any stray air
bubble, warm the slide in hot air.
• Avoid over usage of glycerine, in case of spillage of glycerine from the margins
of the coverslip, use blotting paper to absorb excess of glycerine.
 • Avoid touching the surface of the glass slide and coverslip with fingers to avoid
finger marks.
Experiment No. 2

Aim: To observe and study the structure of an animal cell using a human cheek cell.

Requirements: Toothpick or spatula, methylene blue or eosin stain, handled needles, fine brush, watch
glass, glass slide, coverslip, water, glycerine, petri dish and compound microscope.

Theory: Cells are the building blocks of all the organisms. Animal cells are different from the
plant cells as they lack cell wall and chloroplast but they bear centrosome which is
absent in a plant cell.

Procedure: 1. The oral lining is gently scrapped with the spatula or the toothpick to collect some
cheek cells.
2. These epithelial cells are carefully placed on a glass slide that has water on it.
3. Mix the water and the cheek cells evenly using a needle and spread them.
4. Add two drops of methylene blue stain to the cells on the glass slide.
5. After sometime, remove the extra water mixed with methylene blue by slightly tilting
the slide.
6. Put a drop of glycerine over the stained scrapings and cover it gently with a coverslip.
7. Remove the excess glycerine using a filter paper.
8. Observe the stained cells under the microscope, first under lower magnification
(10X) and then under higher magnification (45X).

Observation:

1. A large number of flat cells with less intercellular spaces is observed.

2. The close arrangement of the cells is known as the mosaic arrangement.
3. Each cell is covered with a thin delicate membrane known as the cell membrane or plasma
membrane.
4. Each cell contains a large prominent nucleus which is surrounded with a dense granular
cytoplasm.
 Experiment 3

Aim: To observe and study structure of various parts of a typical flower.

Requirements: Flower of China Rose (Hibiscus rosa sinensis), watch glass and dissecting microscope.

Inflorescence : Racemose
Flower : Complete, actinomorphic, hermaphrodite, pentamerous, ebracteate, solitary axillary,
red coloured, large and showy
Epicalyx : 6-8 green coloured, small and free.
Calyx : Sepals 5, fused (gamosepalous) with valvate aestivation.
Corolla: Petals 5, polypetalous, united at the base (gamopetalous)
twisted aestivation.
Androecium : Stamen many, monadelphous forming a stamina tube around the style, anthers
dorsifixed, reniform (kidney shaped)
Gynoecium : Pentacarpellary, pentalocular, syncarpous superior ovary, ovules many with axile
placentation.
 Experiment 4
Aim: To observe and study the structure of a monocot seed and a dicot seed.

Requirements: Maize seed, bean seed, petri dish, cotton wool, filter paper discs, safety razor, hand lens
/ dissecting microscope and water.

Theory: A seed can be simply described as a resting embryo. Seeds on the basis of number of
cotyledons can be classified into two major types viz.
1. The Monocotyledonous seeds and
2. The Dicotyledonous seeds.
On the basis of accumulation and storage of food seeds can be of two major types-
1. Ex-albuminous seeds in which the endosperm is either very limited or
altogether absent. In such seeds food is stored in the cotyledons and
2. Albuminous seeds in which the food is stored in the endosperm.

Observation:
Monocotyledonous seed:
1. This is the grain of Maize plant.
2. A maize seed is called a grain because the seed coat is fused with the pericarp.
3. The inner part of the seed when seen in a longitudinal section consists of two parts endosperm and
the embryo.
4. The endosperm and the embryo are demarcated by a thin layer of epithelium.
5. The larger endospermic part contains starch as the storage product.
6. The embryo contains a single cotyledon called as the scutellum.
7. The embryonic axis in the upper part is known as the plumule which is covered with a protective layer
known as the coleoptile while the lower part of the embryonic axis is known as the radicle which is
covered with a protective layer known as the coleorhiza.
8. The plumule and the radicle give rise to the shoot and root respectively.

Dicotyledonous seed:
1. This is the seed of bean.
2. The seed is kidney shaped which is covered with a hard, red and brown seed coat.
3. The seed coat further consists of two layers the outer layer is called the testa and the inner layer is
known as tegmen.
4. The testa layer is mechanically strong and thick while the tegmen is papery and thin.
5. Towards the concave face of the seed there is a light coloured ridge which is known as the raphe and
at the base of the ridge there is a scar like structure known as the hilum.
6. Towards the convex surface there is a minute pore known as the micropyle.
7. The open seed consists of a fleshy and leafy embryo and two cotyledons.
8. The embryonal axis contains two major portions epicotyl, mesocotyl and the hypocotyl.
9. The epicotyls and the mesocotyl form the plumule while the hypocotyl elongates to form the radicle.
 Experiment 5

Aim: To observe and study characteristics of specimens of organisms belonging to different

phyla.

Requirements: Preserved specimens, hand lens, microscope.

Theory: The entire living world has been classified into five kingdoms as proposed by R. H.
Whittaker. The five-kingdom classification includes
• Kingdom Monera
• Kingdom Protista
• Kingdom Fungi
• Kingdom Plantae and
• Kingdom Animalia

Observation: The present dissertation deals with the study of the structural details of major phyla of
the animal kingdom which include the multicellular organisms-
Cellular level Phylum Porifera

Phylum Coelentrata
Radial
Animalia Phylum Ctenophora
Acoelomate (without
Tissue/ Organ coelome) Phylum Platyhelminthes
grade/ Organ
system Pseudocoelomate
(with false coelome) Phylum Aschelminthes

Phylum Annelida
Bilateral

Phylum Arthropoda

Phylum Mollusca
Coelomate (with
true coelome)
Phylum Echinodermata

Phylum Chordata

Flowchart showing distribution of living organisms on the basis of their organization.

Phylum Porifera
1. Individuals are multicellular with cellular grade of organisms.
2. Usually colonial in habit and marine but some of the forms are fresh water forms.
3. Body consists of two major layers which are separated by a layer known as mesohyle.
4. Skeletal system consists of triradiate calcareous spicules.
5. Body consists of a distinct cavity known as spongocoel which is lined by specialized flagellated cells
which help in trapping of food.
6. Nutrition, respiration and excretion are carried out by this canal system. The complexity of canal
system depends upon the habitat of the sponge.
7. Reproduction in all the sponges is by budding, fragmentation and by archaeocytes which assist in
sexual reproduction.
Examples: Sycon, Leucosolenia, Euplectella

Euplectella Leucosolenia

Phylum Coelentrata
1. Mostly marine but some are fresh water forms.
2. Individuals may be solitary or colonial. Colonial forms are mostly marine and are further represented
by polyp and medusoid forms
3. Fresh water forms are solitary present mostly in slow moving water bodies or lakes.
4. The body is diploblastic with tissue grade of organization and radial symmetry.
5. The body cavity is known as Coelentron and ends blindly, i.e. body cavity is tubular - closed at the
proximal while open at the distal end.
Examples: Aurelia, Obelia, Metridium, Hydra. etc.

Polyp and Medusoid forms of Aurelia Metridium Hydra

Phylum Platyhelminthes
1. This phylum includes organisms which are commonly known as flat worms.
2. They are mostly parasitic, acoelomate and bilaterally symmetrical.
3. The body organization is organ grade.
4. Reproduction is sexual and each segment of the organism is hermaphrodite. Reproductive cycle
consists of different stages which are completed in different hosts. Liver fluke has a complex life
history which shown retrogressive metamorphosis to adapt to the parasitic mode of life.
 5. Excretion is with the help of specialized cells known as the flame cells.
Examples: Parasitic forms: Tape worm (Taenia solium) and Liver Fluke (Fasciola hepatica)
Non parasitic : Planaria (Dugesia tigrina)

Fasciola hepatica Taenia solium Dugesia tigrina

Phylum Aschelminthes
1. The animals belonging to the phylum Aschelminthes bear cylindrical body hence they are commonly
known as round worms.
2. Animals of this phylum occur in a wide variety of habitat some are free living while some are parasites.
3. The body cavity known as pseudocoelome is present which is formed by the disintegration of
mesodermal cells.
4. Body organization is organ grade with adaptations to the parasitic habitat. The circular and longitudinal
muscular layer in Ascaris creates counter wave like anti-peristaltic motions which prevent the parasite
from being egested out due to gastric reflex. These muscular layers also help in motion.
5. Digestive system is developed and is marked by two openings the one present at the anterior end serves
as the mouth while the one present at the posterior end acts like the anus.
6. Body is unsegmented and lacks appendages.
Examples: Ascaris lumbricoides, Enterobius vermicularis, Wuchereria bancroftii.

Phylum Annelida:
 1. Animals of this phylum are found in a wide variety of habitat including the marine habitat (E.g. Nereis)
2. Body is long, cylindrical and segmented with musculature covered with cuticle.
3. Body cavity is a true coelom, lined by epithelium.
4. Digestive system is complete.
5. Respiration is either through skin or gills.
6. Excretion takes place through characteristic twisted structures present between the septa termed as
septal nephridia.
7. Circulatory system is closed type i.e. blood flows in closed vessels. Haemoglobin is dissolved directly
in the plasma which imparts red colour to the blood.
8. Nervous system consists of a nerve ring and a double ventral nerve cord with segmental ganglia.
9. Locomotion takes place with the help of setae (Earthworm) or parapodia (Nereis: The Clamworm)
10. Reproduction is by sexual methods. In some cases, the sexual reproduction may or may not involve
two partners as few organisms are hermaphrodite.
Examples: Earthworm (Pheretima posthuma), Leech (Hirudinaria sp.), Clamworm (Nereis)
Earthworm:

(a)

Earthworm (Pheretima posthuma) and Nereis

Phylum Mollusca

This phylum includes diverse organisms which are soft bodied. Slow moving slugs, snails and cephalopods
(Cephalopods: Includes the organisms in which the process of cephalization i.e. appearance of a proper head,
is observed for the first time). The common features of this phylum are as follows:

1. Body bilaterally symmetrical, unsegmented, triploblastic, eucoelomate without any appendage.

2. The body is characterized by the presence of a calcareous shell known as mantle which encloses hump.
The entire body is covered with slimy skin.
3. Circulatory system consists of sinuses i.e. blood flows in open circulatory system.
4. Excretion is by paired structures known as metanephridia which are analogous to kidneys.
5. Nervous system is ventral consisting of cerebral and pleural ganglia.
6. Sexes are separate with internal fertilization.
 Pila –Snail or Apple Snail Octopus vulgaris- Octopus

Phylum Arthropoda:

1. This is the largest phylum of the animal kingdom owing to their occurrence in wide variety of habitats.
2. These organisms show enormous power of adaptation which enables them to be the most successful
among the animal kingdom.
3. Body is triploblastic, coelomate, bilaterally symmetrical and metamerically segmented.
4. Body cavity is represented by haemocoelomic cavity which is filled with haemocoelomic fluid.
5. The body consists of three major regions the head (which is formed by fusion of first few segments
called the cepahlothorax, thorax and abdomen.

.
Prawn (Palaemon sp.) Cockroach (Periplanata americana) whole and dissected view

6. The chief characteristic feature of the organisms includes the presence of jointed appendages and
characteristic mouth parts. E.g. Biting and cutting type mouth parts in Cockroach.
Examples: Cockroach: Periplanata americana, Prawn: Palaemon sp. Spider: Achaearanea
tepidariorum, Centipede: Scolopendra cingulata and Millipede: Eurymerodesmus spp.

Phylum: Echinodermata

This phylum includes exclusively marine invertebrates displaying pentamerous radial symmetry and an
endoskeleton of calcareous plates and spines. They constitute some of the most beautiful members of the sea
and ocean fauna such as starfishes, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars and sea lilies. The characteristics of
this phylum are-

1. They are free living marine animals which dwell at the muddy or sandy bottom of seas and oceans.
2. Triploblastic, coelomate and radially symmetrical with pentamerous body plan.
3. Body unsegmented, globular, stellate, spherical or elongated shape,
4. Head absent, body marked by five radiating areas known as ambulacra and five alternating inter-
ambulacra.
5. Endoskeleton consists of dermal calcareous spicules which are covered with epidermis. In Asterias
(Star fish) the body is covered with a hard integument which contains a large number of calcareous
plates like structures.
6. Body consists of a water vascular system which is coelomic in origin.
7. Locomotion is with the help of tube feet.
8. Alimentary canal is straight or coiled.
9. Respiration is with the help of dermal branchia, tube feet and bursae.
10. Nervous system is without a brain and sense organs are poorly developed.
11. Members are usually dioecious; gonads are large single or multiple.
12. Fertilization is internal.
 Experiment 6

Aim: To test the presence of starch in the given food sample.

Requirements: Test-tube, test-tube holder, test tube stand, dropper, iodine solution, food sample
(cooked rice, wheat flour, thin potato slice), filter paper, spirit lamp/ Bunsen burner.

Procedure:
1. Take 5g of food sample (cooked rice, wheat flour, thin potato slice) in a clean test
tube.
2. Add 10mL of distilled water in the test tube.
3. Boil the contents of the test tube for 3 to 5 minutes on spirit lamp or Bunsen burner.
4. Now put the test tube in the test tube stand and allow it to cool for 5 minutes at least.
5. Filter the contents of the test tube into another and to the filtrate add 2-3 drops of
Iodine solution dropwise manner using a dropper.

Observation: A blue black colour develops.

Inference: The presence of blue- black colour indicates the presence of starch in the food.

Precautions:
• Keep the mouth of the test-tube away from yourself while heating.
• Hold the test-tube using a test-tube holder.
• Do not use excess of reagents (iodine solution).
 Experiment 7

Aim: To test the presence of reducing sugar in the given food sample.

Requirements: Test-tube, test-tube stand, test tube holder, water bath, spirit lamp, wire gauze, tripod
and stand, Fehling’s solution A and B and food sample containing reducing sugar (e.g.
fruit juices like grape juice, orange juice apple juice etc., glucose solution made by
adding 10g glucose to 100mL of water).

Procedure:
1. Take 2mL of clarified food sample in a test tube.
2. To the test – tube add 5mL each of Fehling’s Solution A and B.
3. Place the test- tube in a water bath maintained at 60oC for 5 minutes.
4. When the change in colour of the contents in the test tube is observed carefully
remove the test –tube from the water bath and place it in a test –tube stand.

Observation: Brick red precipitate of Cuprous oxide is observed.

Inference: The appearance of brick red precipitate indicated presence of reducing sugar in the food
sample.

Precautions:
• Keep the mouth of the test-tube away from yourself while heating.
• Hold the test-tube using a test-tube holder.
• Do not heat the mixture directly i.e. without water bath or else bumping will occur.
 Experiment 8

Aim: To test the presence of non-reducing sugar in the given food sample.

Requirements: Test tube, a test tube stand, test tube holder, water bath, spirit lamp, wire gauze, tripod
and stand, Fehling’s solution A and B or Benedict’s solution, food sample containing
non- reducing sugar (table sugar, cane juice, soft drinks), filter paper, dilute HCl,
Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) spirit lamp/ Bunsen burner.
Procedure:
1. Take 2mL of aqueous solution of food sample containing non-reducing sugar in a
test tube.
2. Add 1mL of dil HCl, mix it thoroughly and boil for 2 to 3 minutes.
3. The mixture is allowed to cool and neutralized with sodium bicarbonate
4. If the test is carried out using Fehling’s solution, the neutralized solution is added
with 5mL each of Fehling’s solution A and B.
5. For Benedict’s test the mixture is added with 5mL of Benedict’s solution only.
6. In either of the reagents heating of test tube in water bath maintained at 60 oC is
carried out.

Observation:
a) Fehling’s Solution: Brick red precipitate of Cuprous Oxide (Cu2O) is obtained.
b) Benedict’s test: Benedict’s test shows variation in colour of the precipitate.

Inference: The appearance of brick red precipitate indicated presence of non-reducing sugar in the
food sample.
For Benedict’s test there is no fixed colour as it is a quantitative test. The variation in
colour of the precipitate or the mixture in test tube post heating can be used as a
reference for inferring the amount of reducing sugar present in the food sample.
Precautions:
• Keep the mouth of the test-tube away from yourself while heating.
• Hold the test-tube using a test-tube holder.
• Never heat the mixture directly i.e. without water bath or else bumping will occur.
 Experiment No 9

Aim: To test the presence of protein in the given food sample using Xanthoproteic test.

Requirements: Test-tube, test-tube stand, test tube holder, protein sample (egg white or daal), Nitric
Acid (HNO3conc.), ammonia solution (aq.NH3), Bunsen burner or spirit lamp.

Procedure:
1. Take 2mL of food sample containing protein (egg white or daal) in a test tube.
2. To it is added 1mL of concentrated nitric acid (HNO3).
3. After mixing the contents in the test tube the mixture is heated gently over the
Bunsen burner for 5 minutes.
4. Cool the test tube under running water.
5. Add few drops of ammonia solution (aq.NH3)

Observation: A yellow precipitate is formed which upon addition of ammonia solution(aq.NH3) turns
orange.

Inference: Yellow xanthoproteic acid precipitate and its change to orange colour confirms the
presence of protein in the food sample.
Precautions:
• Keep the mouth of the test-tube away from yourself while heating.
• Always hold the test-tube using a test-tube holder.
• Conc. Nitric Acid (HNO3) is extremely oxidising and corrosive therefore it should
be handled with utmost care.
• Do not inhale ammonia solution (aq. NH3) as its vapours are highly pungent in
nature.
 Experiment 10

Aim: To study about integumentary system in human beings with the help of model or a chart.

Requirements: A model or chart showing structure of human skin.

Observations: The structure of human skin shows the following characteristic features-

1. Human skin consists of two major parts known as epidermis and dermis.
2. The dermis is composed of connective tissue comprising of collagen and elastin fibres which provide
mechanical and tensile strength to the skin.
3. The dermal layer is supported over hypodermis which consists of areolar and adipose tissue. This layer
account for thermal insulation and contouring of the human body.
4. Blood vessels, nerve endings, sebaceous glands and sweat gland are embedded in the dermal layer.
5. Some cells like adipocytes, macrophages and fibroblast cells which account for fat accumulation,
immunity and synthesis of collagen and elastin fibres respectively are present in the lowest part of the
dermis, also referred to as hypodermis.
6. Dermal layer supports the epidermal layer which is further made up of –
a. Stratum corneum – the Cornified layer
b. Stratum granulosum – the granular layer and
c. Stratum malpighi – the germinative layer
7. The germinative layer consists of constantly dividing cells which keep on proliferating and new cells are
constantly pushed up to form granular layer.
8. In granular layer the cells consist of dense granules.
9. The outermost layer or the cornified layer consists of dead cells.
 Experiment 11

Aim: To study about the respiratory system in human beings with the help of model or a chart.

Requirements: A model or chart showing structure of human respiratory system

Observations: Human respiratory system consists of the following parts which are detailed as under-

i. External nares: External nares are represented by nostrils which lead into the nasal
cavity.
ii. Nasal cavity: (a) The nasal cavity is further divided into two chambers by nasal
septum.
(b) The nasal cavity is also lined with hair follicles and mucous glands
which help to filter the inhaled air and also moisten it.
iii. Pharynx: It is present behind the oral cavity. Internal nares open in the pharynx.
iv. Larynx: It is present in the cervical region (neck region). In males larynx is more
developed and is commonly termed as Adam’s apple and is also responsible
for production of sound by the vibration of cartilaginous flaps or the hyoid. It
has a narrow slit which is covered with a cartilaginous flap known as epiglottis.
v. Trachea: It is commonly known as the windpipe which lies adhered to the ventral surface
of the oesophagus. It is supported by C-shaped cartilaginous rings which
prevent it from sticking or collapsing under the air pressure. It is also lined by
ciliated epithelium and mucous secreting cells.
vi. Bronchi: The trachea divides in an inverted Y shaped fork into two bronchi. Like
trachea bronchi are also supported by C-shaped cartilaginous rings.
Inside the lungs the bronchi ramify into a large number of bronchioles
which ultimately terminate into alveolar duct.
vii. Lungs: Human lungs are elastic and spongy in nature owing to presence of large
number of alveoli. Each lung is covered by two layers of membrane
known as the pleural membranes. The one which is adhered to the
surface of the lung is known as the visceral layer while the one which is
away from the lung is known as the parietal layer. The space between
these membranes is filled with a fluid known as the pleural Fluid. Pleural
membranes and the pleural fluid prevent the lungs from any mechanical
shock and also maintain its temperature. The smallest unit of each of the
lung is known as the alveolus where the gaseous exchange takes place.
 Experiment 12

Aim: To study about working of respiratory system in human beings with the help of a
working model,

Requirements: Bell jar, rubber sheet, balloons, Y shaped rubber / plastic tube and cork

Procedure:
1. To the bifid end of the rubber tube rubber balloons are attached.
2. This setup is then suspended firmly to the open end of the bell jar with a cork
while the lower broad end of the bell jar is covered with a flexible rubber sheet.
3. The rubber sheet is then pulled upward and downward to emulate the motion of
diaphragm.

Observations:

1. When the rubber sheet is pulled down the pressure inside the bell jar increases as a
result of which air rushes inside the balloons and inflates them.
2. When the rubber sheet is released the pressure inside the bell jar increases. As a
result, the pressure over the balloons increases which forces the air out of them and
hence the balloons deflate.
 SUBJECT: PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Football or Cricket (Rules and Regulations of the game)

Instructions for the students:

1. The project work may be submitted in any convenient mode, i.e. handwritten or typed
format.

2. The project must not be less than 20 interleaved sheets.

3. The diagrams, pictures or sketches must be relevant to the written matter.

4. Since, typing is permitted, every care must be taken to ensure and check against plagiarism
of information. Anti-plagiarism applications will be used to recheck the same.

Note: The projects are to be submitted in a Project File.

The project should contain the following headings:

1. Content
2. Introduction
3. Project Work
4. Conclusion
5. Bibliography
 SUBJECT: ART (Paper 2)

Project Topic- Drawing or Painting From nature

Theme A

Make a detailed study of hibiscus flower. An attempt should be made to show the characteristics of the stem
flowers, leaves and buds. In case this plant is not available, a similar plant of the variegated kind can be used.

Theme B

Make a detailed study of 2 tomatoes (one cut, another uncut) and 2 whole bananas (unpeeled). Special attention
should be paid to its form, structure and character.

Theme C

Make a detailed study of one full and a half-cut Papaya. Candidates may then make an interesting arrangement.

Special attention should be paid to details in the study of shape, light and texture.
 SUBJECT: ART (PAPER 4)

1. Make a repeated pattern for a table mat of size 20 cm x 25 cm. Special attention should be given to
simple and creative design with good colour scheme, tone and execution.

2. Design a cover page of a book titled ‘MY FANTASY WORLD’. Make it attractive with colours
and writing. The cover page must be 20 cm x 25 cm.

3. Design a poster creating awareness of ‘Global Warming’. The slogan ‘Are you doing all you can?’
should be incorporated in your design. The poster must be 15 cm x 25 cm in size.

Note:

• Cutting and pasting of extra material is strictly prohibited.

• Sequence, thread or magazine images must not be used.
• Candidates should not use acrylic colours for making the poster.
 SUBJECT: URDU
Topic: Meer Taqi Meer

Sub Topics:

1. Biography of Meer Taqi Meer

2. Images of Meer Taqi Meer

3. Five Ghazals of Meer Taqi Meer

4. Contribution of Meer Taqi Meer in Urdu

5. Works done by Urdu Scholars on Meer Taqi Meer

6. Bibliography

Note: The projects are to be submitted in a Project File.

The project should contain the following headings:

1. Content
2. Introduction

3. Project Work
4. Conclusion

5. Bibliography
 SUBJECT: COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

Learning Objectives:

(a) To inculcate in the students a manner in which they can manage their time and utilize vital technology
skills.
(b) To encourage independent learning.

Guidelines for the project:

1. The first page of the project must begin with the Name, Class / Section, Roll Number, Year - 2024-
2025 of the student followed by the Acknowledgement.
2. The students are advised to prepare their project digitally using either Microsoft Word or direct print
out of the program coding from Java language and then mail it using the email-id provided to them in
their respective class group.
3. Font: Times New Roman and Font Size: 12 must be used.
4. Comment lines are to be written for each program.
5. Variable Description Table is to be written describing the various variables used in the Java program.
6. Each Java program must be documented as per the requirement of the Objective.
7. The variable names used in the program must be meaningful and related to the objective of a particular
program.
8. Scanner class statement may be used to input the values in a Java program.

The coding of each program must be precise and object oriented.

Assignment programs:

Program 1 Write a program using Java language to generate the sum of three different numbers.

Program 2 Write a program using Java language to generate the cube of first ten even numbers using
while loop.

Program 3 Write a program using Java language to generate the square of a given number.

Program 4 Write a program using Java language to generate the cube of a given number.

Program 5 Write a program using Java language to check whether a given number is even or odd.
Program 6 Write a program using Java language to check whether a given number is positive,

negative or zero.
Program 7 Write a program using Java language to generate the table of a given number up to count
ten.

Program 8 Write a program using Java language to generate first twenty even numbers.
Program 9 Write a program using Java language to generate first ten odd numbers.
 Program 10 Write a program using Java language to generate the square of first ten natural numbers.

Program 11 Write a program using Java language to print the days of the week using switch case statement.

Note: If input is 2 then output should be Monday.

Program 12 Write a program using Java language to input twenty numbers and print those
numbers that are divisible by 7.

Program 13 Write a program using Java language to input a year in four digit and test whether it is a leap
year or not.

Program 14 Write a program using Java language to display any given word in the vertical manner. e.g.
“GOD”

Program 15 Write a program using Java language to display any given message five times.
 SUBJECT: MASS MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION

1st Term
Project 1:
College Canteen Menu [Canva]

• Pages may be broken up into Veg/Non-veg items, cooked/non-cooked items, packages/fresh, etc.
• Images will be used for favoured items.
• Costings to be included on the right side of the page after the specified item.
• Must include name of canteen in stylized font.
• A minimum of four pages.
• Submitted in soft or hard copy.

Project 2:
Poster for College Canteen [Canva]

• One page.
• Must be in colour.
• Large, stylized font for heading.
• Artistic image of college canteen,
• Location and contact details.
• Student reviews and favourites.
• Timings.
• Submitted in soft or hard copy.
• Optional QR code for added information or google maps.
 SUBJECT: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

Prepare an original study/essay (2000 words) of any one threat to the local environment with suggestions as
to how the impact of the threat could be gradually reduced.
Choose any one topic:

1. Greenhouse earth.
2. Marine ecosystem.
3. World poverty.
4. Water pollution.
5. Agriculture and Green revolution.
6. Sustainable World.
7. India: Biogeographic zones.
8. Climate change.
9. Urbanization and the environmental problems.
10. Ecosystems and the energy flow.

Important instructions for the students:

1. All projects to be submitted to the respective subject teacher by 31st July, 2024
2. The project assignment should be of 2000 words.
3. Fluorescent green paper and a cellophane sheet are to be used to cover the project file.
4. Each project should be of about 20 pages.
5. Your project should be well decorated and appropriately labelled and images should be suitably
inserted.
6. Only black or blue inked pens are to be used to write the matter. Coloured ink may be used for
headings or decorating purposes if so desired.
7. ALL projects must have the topic names clearly written/ printed along with your name, class, section
and roll number also clearly written/ typed on the first page.
8. All project files will contain the following:
a) An index page – as the second page.
b) An acknowledgement page – as the third page.
c) A bibliography – at the end of the file.
 SUBJECT: ECONOMICS
INTERNAL ASSESSMENT - General Instructions/guidelines

• One assignment has to be done as prescribed by the teacher from the syllabus.
• The assignment topic is given below. Each child has to do this assignment.
• Points to be covered in this assignment are given under the assignment topic.
• Along with the written content you may also place pictures relevant to the topic/sub-topics to make
your assignment more attractive and explanatory.
• Assignment to be compiled in one file only.
• Cover page should contain the following information-
➢ Name of the Subject - Economics
➢ Name of the Student – _________________
➢ Personal Number - _________________
➢ Class & Section – _________________
➢ Year – 2024 – 25

Sequence to be followed while compiling the assignment -

➢ Acknowledgement
➢ Assignment topic - Digital India, Skill India & Smart city concept
➢ Index
➢ Content of the assignment
➢ Bibliography/ References.

Assignment Topic

1. Digital India, Skill India & Smart city concept

• Introduction about the Digital India & Skill India programme
• Nine pillars of Digital India
• Concept of smart city (One example of smart city with reference to infrastructure development,
reduction of unemployment and poverty, human resource development and industrial
development.)
 SUBJECT: COMMERCIAL STUDIES
INTERNAL ASSESSMENT - General Instructions/guidelines

• A minimum of three assignments are to be done during the year, as assigned by the teacher.
• These three assignments are given below under the heading assignment topics as 1, 2, and 3. Each
child has to do these three assignments.
• Points to be covered in these assignments are given under the topic heading.
• Along with the written content you may also place pictures relevant to the topic/sub-topics to make
your assignments more attractive and explanatory.
• All the three assignments are to be compiled in one file only.
• File Cover page should contain the following information-
➢ Name of the Subject - Commercial Studies
➢ Name of the Student – _________________
➢ Personal Number - _________________
➢ Class & Section – _________________
➢ Year – 2024 – 25

Sequence to be followed while compiling the assignments –

➢ Acknowledgement
➢ First assignment topic - Departments of a commercial organization
➢ Index
➢ Content of first assignment
➢ Second assignment topic - Different methods of communication
➢ Index
➢ Content of second assignment
➢ Third assignment topic - Social responsibility of commercial organization towards the
environment
➢ Index
➢ Content of third assignment
➢ Bibliography/ References.

Assignment Topics

1. Departments of a commercial organization

• Human resource department (Meaning and functions)
• General administration and legal department (Meaning and Functions)
2. Different methods of communication
• Meaning of communication
• Role of communication in commercial organization
• Different methods of communication (letter, e-mail, conference calling, telephonic conversation,
social media)

3. Social responsibility of commercial organization towards the environment

• Concept of social responsibility
• Social responsibility towards the environment
• E-waste management
• Eco friendly products
• CSR initiative of any one company
 SUBJECT: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ROBOTICS

Project Topic: Detailed Comparative Survey and Study of various types of Robots in Diverse Fields

❖ Make a 50 Interleaved pages report based on findings on net.

❖ Handwritten on ruled side as well as supported by pictures pasted on plain side.

❖ All of this in form of a file with a well decorated cover.

Other Assignments to be completed during vacation time

❖ Arrange for 4 Science kits available on Amazon of Brand Smartivity of your choice.

❖ Assemble and disassemble each two to three times, at the rate of dealing with one kit per fortnight.

❖ Review at least a dozen popular Hollywood science fiction movies specially related to A.I and Robotics
with your parents (to name a few like Terminator, Matrix, Star Wars, Star Trek, etc.) and make a single
summary report describing the overall impact about the future of A.I and Robotics upon you.