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1.4 Computer Peripherals and
Components

LEARNING OUTCOME/S:
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to do
the following:

 familiarize with computer hardware, software

component and other peripherals in accordance
with established procedures on correct operation
and safety policies;
 observe Occupational Health and Safety policies
and procedures in planning for installation
activity in accordance with requirements;

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Definition of Terms

PERIPHERALS – a piece of equipment (such as a printer, speaker, etc.) that is

connected to a computer but is not an essential part of it

COMPONENTS – one part of a whole thing. A piece of hardware that is connected to a

Computer’s System Unit that is essential.

ACRONYMS

ALU – Arithmetic Logic Unit

CU – Control Unit
ISA – Industry Standard Architecture

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PERFORMANCE
STANDARDS

1. Task to be undertaken are properly identified.

2. Identify the different Computer Peripherals and Components.

3. Determine the functions of each Computer Peripherals and Components

4. Apply the Occupational Health and Safety procedure.

MATERIALS

1. Workplace/Workshop

2. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

3. Input Devices

4. Output Devices

5. Communication Devices

6. HDD, ODD, FDD,CPU, RAM, MOTHERBOARD, PSU and ADAPTERS

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What do you already know?

Pre – Diagnostic/Assessment 1.4

Self-Assessment Guide
SKILLS TEST Direction: Listed below are some of the most important skills that you
must gain in order to render quality service when you enter the real world of
Computer Hardware Servicing. Read the skills carefully. Write “YES” if you are familiar
with the skill and “NO” if not. Feel free to answer each skill. Write your answers in
your notebook.

Skills in Computer Systems Servicing NO YES

I can open a computer case.
I can connect the mouse.
I can connect the keyboard.
I can connect the monitor.
I can apply occupational health and safety
precautions while working.

I can remove the system fan.

I can detach the power supply from the
system unit.

I know how to remove the RAM from the

motherboard.

I can remove the hard drive from the

system unit.

I can install the power supply.

I know how to install the motherboard.
I can install the internal drives in a
system unit.

I know how to attach RAM in the memory

socket.

I can install CD / DVD drives.

I know how to install an operating system
I know how to configure a hardware
components and its related software

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Read and understand INFORMATION SHEET 1.4 very well then find out how much
you can remember and how much you learned by doing SELF-CHECK 1.4

Information Sheet
1.4

UNDERSTANDING COMPUTER
A computer is one of the most brilliant inventions of mankind. Thanks to the
computer technology, we were able to achieve storage and processing of huge amounts
of data; we could rest our brains by employing computer memory capacities for storing
information. Due to computers, we have been able to speed up daily work, carry out
critical transactions and achieve accuracy and precision in work. Computers of the
earlier years were of the size of a large room and were required to consume huge
amounts of electric power. However, with the advancing technology, computers have
shrunk to the size of a small watch. Depending on the processing power and size of
computers, they have been classified under various types. Let us look at the
classification of computers.
Different Types of Computers
Based on the operational principle of computers, they are categorized as analog,
digital and hybrid computers.
Analog Computers
These are almost extinct today. These are different from a digital computer because
an analog computer can perform several mathematical operations simultaneously. It
uses continuous variables for mathematical operations and utilizes mechanical or
electrical energy.

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Digital Computers

They use digital circuits and are designed to operate on two states, namely bits 0 and
1. They are analogous to states ON and OFF. Data on these computers is represented
as a series of 0s and 1s. Digital computers are suitable for complex computation and
have higher processing speeds. They are programmable. Digital computers are either
general purpose computers or special purpose ones. Special purpose computers, as
their name suggests, are designed for specific types of data processing while general
purpose computers are meant for general use.

Hybrid Computers

These computers are a combination of both digital and analog computers. In this type
of computers, the digital segments perform process control by conversion of analog
signals to digital ones.

Classification of Computers

The following are the classification of the different types of computers based on their
sizes and functionalities:

Mainframe Computers: Large organizations use mainframes for highly critical

applications such as bulk data processing and ERP. Most of the mainframe computers
have the capacities to host multiple operating systems and operate as a number of
virtual machines and can substitute for several small servers.

Minicomputers: In terms of size and processing capacity, minicomputers lie in

between mainframes and microcomputers. Minicomputers are also called mid-range
39 systems or workstations. The term began to be popularly used in the 1960s to refer
to relatively smaller third generation computers.

Servers: They are computers designed to provide services to client machines in a

computer network. They have larger storage capacities and powerful processors.
Running on them are programs that serve client requests and allocate resources like
memory and time to client machines. Usually they are very large in size, as they have
large processors and many hard drives. They are designed to be fail-safe and resistant
to crash.

Supercomputers: The highly calculation-intensive tasks can be effectively performed

by means of supercomputers. Quantum physics, mechanics, weather forecasting,
molecular theory are best studied by means of supercomputers. Their ability of
parallel processing and their well-designed memory hierarchy give the
supercomputers, large transaction processing powers.

Microcomputers: A computer with a microprocessor and its central processing unit it

is known as a microcomputer. They do not occupy space as much as mainframes do.
When supplemented with a keyboard and a mouse, microcomputers can be called
personal computers. A monitor, a keyboard and other similar input output devices,

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computer memory in the form of RAM and a power supply unit come packaged in a
microcomputer. These computers can fit on desks or tables and prove to be the best
choice for single-user tasks.

Personal computers come in different forms such as desktops, laptops and

personal digital assistants.

Desktops: A desktop is intended to be used on a single location. The spare parts of a

desktop computer are readily available at relatively lower costs. Power consumption is
not as critical as that in laptops. Desktops are widely popular for daily use in the
workplace and households.

Laptops: Similar in operation to desktops, laptop computers are miniaturized and

optimized for mobile use. Laptops run on a single battery or an external adapter that
charges the computer batteries.

Netbooks: They fall in the category of laptops, but are inexpensive and relatively
smaller in size. They had a smaller feature set and lesser capacities in comparison to
regular laptops, at the time they came into the market.

Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs): It is a handheld computer and popularly known

as a palmtop. It has a touch screen and a memory card for storage of data. PDAs can
also be used as portable audio players, web browsers and smart phones. Most of them
can access the Internet by means of Bluetooth or Wi-Fi communication.

Tablet Computers: Tablets are mobile computers that are very handy to use. They use
the touch screen technology. Tablets come with an onscreen keyboard or use a stylus
or a digital pen. Apple's iPod redefined the class of tablet computers.

Wearable Computers: A record-setting step in the evolution of computers was the

creation of wearable computers. These computers can be worn on the body and are
often used in the study of behavior modeling and human health. Military and health
professionals have incorporated wearable computers into their daily routine, as a part
of such studies. When the users' hands and sensory organs are engaged in other
activities, wearable computers are of great help in tracking human actions. Wearable
computers do not have to be turned on and off and remain in operation without user
intervention.

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COMPUTER SYSTEM, DEVICES AND PERIPHERALS

As an aspiring computer technician, it is very important to know the system that runs
your computer and different devices attached to it. Each device plays an important
role, without each other computer system will not work properly.

What are the Components of a Computer?

The physical, touchable, electronic and mechanical parts of a computer are called the
hardware which is composed of different devices attached to the computer.

The following list represents a basic set of devices found in most Personal
Computers.

1. System Unit- The main part of a microcomputer, sometimes called the chassis. It
includes the following parts: Motherboard, Microprocessor, Memory Chips, Buses,
Ports, Expansion Slots and Cards.

Motherboard

Motherboard is also called the "System Board," it is the main printed circuit board in
an electronic device, which contains sockets or slots that accept additional boards.

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Power Supply Unit

POWER SUPPLY UNIT is also called as power supply or PSU. This is the device that
supplies power to your personal computer. The power supply then pulls the required
amount of electricity and converts the AC current to DC current and it also regulates
the voltage to eliminate spikes and surges common in most electrical systems.

Hard Disk Drive

Hard Disk Drive (HDD) is also known as hard drive. This is the computer's main
storage device used to store all data on the computer permanently. Commonly, hard
drives are permanently place in an internal drive bay at the front of the system case
and are connected with either ATA, SCSI, or a SATA cable and power cable.

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Optical Disk Drive

The Optical Disc Drive is used to read or write data on a disc.

Floppy Disk Drive

A floppy disk drive (FDD), or floppy drive, is a hardware device that reads data
storage information. It was invented in 1967 by a team at IBM and was one of the first
types of hardware storage that could read/write a portable device. FDDs are used for
reading and writing on removable floppy discs or Diskette.

Memory

The personal computer memory module also known as Random Access Memory (RAM)
is a piece of hardware that allows stored data to be accessed randomly. Its main
function is to store the data temporarily.

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Microprocessor

The CPU, or the Central Processing Unit, is the brain of the computer and one of the
most important chip in the computer. New CPUs are small and square and contain
multiple metallic connectors or pins on the underside. The CPU is inserted directly
into a CPU socket, pin side down, on the motherboard.

Video Card

VIDEO CARD is commonly known as graphics accelerator card, display adapter, or

graphics card. This is a hardware component whose main function is to generate and
display the output images to a computer monitor.

LAN Card

Network Interface Card (NIC) is used to connect computers to a computer network.

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Sound Card

SOUND CARD is also called as audio card adapter. This is a computer expansion card
used for the input and output of audio signals from a computer using a specific
computer programs. New motherboard comes with built in audio adapter.

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How much have you Learned?

SELF – CHECK 1.4

A. Direction. Select the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. It is consider the Tangible parts of the computer.

A. Software C. Hardware
B. People ware D. Dataware
2. It is considered the most common input device of the computer.
A. Mouse C. Monitor
B. Keyboard D. Printer
3. It is considered the most common output device of the computer.
A. Mouse C. Monitor
B. Keyboard D. Printer
4. It is considered as an Input/output device of the computer.
A. Mouse C. Monitor
B. Keyboard D. Printer
5. Acts as step down transformer that converts alternating current to direct current.
A. UPS C. AVR
B. CSU D. PSU
6. The primary Storage device of the computer.
A. FDD C. RAM
B. HDD D. ODD
7. The permanent storage device of the computer.
A. FDD C. RAM
B. HDD D. ODD
8. What device is used to read or write data on a disc?
A. FDD C. RAM
B. HDD D. ODD
9. What device is used for reading and writing data from a Diskette?
A. FDD C. RAM
B. HDD D. ODD
10. The main circuit board of the computer.
A. Sound Card C. MoBo
B. LAN Card D. Video Card

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11. A computer adapter that is used to connect computers to a computer network

A. Sound Card C. MoBo
B. LAN Card D. Video Card
12. A computer adapter whose main function is to generate and display the output
images to a computer monitor.
A. Sound Card C. MoBo
B. LAN Card D. Video Card

Check your work and determine your score

by referring to the Answer Key 1.4

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Apply what you have learned

ACTIVITY
SHEET 1.4

Direction: Identify and write the name of the given computer components/peripherals
on the boxes.

Components/Peripherals Name

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

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Check your Performance

Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Rubrics honestly and sincerely.

Remember it is your learning at stake!

Score Rubrics: Activity Sheet 1.4

Criteria POINTS
Number of Tools Classified

9 - 10 10
7-8 8
5-6 6

3-4 4
1-2 2

REFERENCES
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 Ramillo,R. (2007). K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum Technology and

Livelihood Education Learning Module.
 Computer System Servicing Curriculum Guide
 https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/
1_1W3MQ6OtYV2_oHDMFsYKEWoUekPDkwrVkagi15eQbs/edit#slide=id.p14

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Module 1.4
Pre – Test

Self-Assessment Guide

Self – Check 1.4

1. C
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. D
6. C
7. B
8. D
9. A
10.C
11.B
12.D

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