10 M'I W÷ U: Iex 'Öbv - I KJKVZV Kvkzi GWR'

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10 mì w÷ªU
iex›`Öbv‡_i KjKvZv
kvKzi gwR`
2
f‚wgKv
KjKvZv‡K Avwg cÖ_g †`wL 1990 mv‡j| Avgvi eqm ZLb cuwPk, ÔKwjKvZvÕi wZb k| wVK wZb k eQi Av‡M,
1690 mvj †_‡K GLv‡b bMivq‡Yi m~Pbv n‡qwQj| wZb k eQi ci †Kv_vq †cuŠ‡Q‡Q GB bMix Ges AvMvgx w`‡b
†Kv_vq hv‡eÑg~jZ G wb‡qB `ywbqv‡Rvov ¯’cwZ‡ì GK mgv‡e‡ki Av‡qvRb K‡iwQj ÔBwÛqvb Bbw÷wUDU Ae
AvwK©‡U±mÕ-Gi I‡q÷ †e½j P¨vÞvi| ÔBbw÷wUDU Ae AvwK©‡U±m, evsjv‡`kÕ Ges evsjv‡`k cÖ‡KŠkj
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi ¯’vcZ¨ Abyl‡ì QvÎ-wk¶K wg‡j Rbv cÂv‡kK ¯’cwZ I ¯’vc‡Zï QvÎQvÎx‡ì †h wUg M‡o †Zvjv
n‡qwQj, Zvi m`m¨ wn‡m‡e AvwgI Zv‡Z Aš—fz©³ n‡qwQjvg| Avwg ZLb ¯’vcZ¨ wefv‡Mi Z…Zxq e‡l©i wk¶v_©x|
1990 †_‡K 2015ÑGB 25 eQ‡i 25 ev‡ii †ewk hvIqv-Avmv n‡q‡Q KjKvZvq| †`‡ki evB‡i GKK †Kv‡bv
kni wn‡m‡e GB KjKvZv‡ZB Avgvi me‡P‡q †ewk hvIqv-Avmv| KjKvZv‡K Avgvi we‡`wk kni g‡b nq bv,
Avevi wb‡Ri kniI bv| Zvi ciI GKai‡bi fv‡jv jvMv †_‡K Avwg my‡hvM †c‡jB KjKvZv Ny‡i Avwm|
1990 mv‡ji 10 b‡f¤î KjKvZv †b‡gB Avwg cÖ_‡g GKUv wNwÄ RvqMvi m‡½ cwiwPZ nB| Avgv‡ì cÖ_g
mÜ¨v‡ZB| eo fvB‡ì AbymiY K‡i K‡i Avwg †h moK w`‡q Avgvi e¨vM Kuv‡a nuvU‡Z _vwK, Zvi bvgUv
Bs‡iwR‡Z †jLv Sudder Street| Avwg fv‡jv K‡i bvgUv co‡Z PvB| myÏvi w÷ªU? LvwbK ci GK RvqMvq †`wL
evsjvq †jLv Ômì w÷ªUÕ| ÔmìÕ‡K †Kb Z‡e Agb we`Ny‡U Bs‡iwR‡Z †jLv n‡e?
RMjyj fvB Avgv‡ì m½x| Avgvi cÖkœ †kvbvi ci wZwb Avgvi w`‡K ZvKvb| Lye †ewk f‚wgKv bv K‡iB e‡jb,
IUv Bs‡iR‡ì wVK Kiv bvg| Iiv hvi bvg †hfv‡e B”Qv wj‡LwQj, evOvwjivI c‡i Zv‡ì G bv‡gB †W‡K‡Q|
Bs‡iRiv P‡j †M‡Q wVK; wKš‘ Zv‡ì fzj evbvb I D”Pvi‡Y †jLv ev WvKv bvg A‡bK evOvwji Kv‡Q d¨vk‡bi
g‡Zv wQj| GL‡bv Av‡Q|
Avwg Pzc _vwK|
1990 mv‡j ÔAvwK©‡UKPvi Ae wmwURÕ wk‡ivbv‡gi GB wek¦ ¯’vcZ¨ m‡¤§jbwUi †mwgbvi ce© cuvP Zviv †nv‡U‡j
n‡jI Zvi D‡Øvab n‡qwQj iex›`ÖmiwY wgjbvqZ‡b| G wgjbvqZbwUI wQj iex›`Ö¯§„wZ-weRwoZ| Zvi mvg‡bB
`ynvZ †cQ‡b †i‡L ùvwo‡q _vKv iex›`Öbv‡_i g~wZ©| iv‡Zi †ejv Avgiv K¨vjKvUv K¬ve, UvwjMÄ K¬ve I wf‡±vwiqv
†g‡gvwiqv‡j wWbvi Drme Kwi| w`‡bi †ejv ZvR †e½‡j e³…Zv ïwb| M½vi ey‡K †bŠKv wb‡q †eovB Avi mì
w÷ªU Gcvi-Icvi K‡i mvZ w`‡bi mdi †k‡l †`‡k wdwi|
Gi ci †_‡K hZeviB KjKvZv hvB, cÖ_gev‡ii †`Lv kniUvi m‡½ eZ©gvb‡K †gjvB|
25 eQ‡ii eëav‡b KjKvZv wegvbe›`‡i †b‡g cÖ_g †h gvbylwUi Qwe eo K‡i †`qv‡j UvOv‡bv †`wL, wZwb
iex›`Öbv_| Bwg‡MÖkb cvi n‡q Ôjv‡MR †K¬BgÕ-G †h‡Z †h‡Z wegvbe›`‡ii †fZiKvi mvDÛ wm‡÷g †_‡K †h
my‡ijv kã †f‡m Av‡m, †mLv‡bI iex›`Öbv‡_i Mvb| wZb k cuwPk eQ‡ii weeZ©‡bi ci KjKvZv Zvn‡j cÖejfv‡e
iex›`Öbv‡_i kn‡i cwiYZ! iex›`Öbv_ †Zv Avgv‡ìI Kwe| Avwg AvcyZ nB|
Gi g‡a¨B Avwg Luy‡R cvB, GUv Avm‡j wmwU Ae c¨v‡jm ev wmwU Ae Rq Avi †bB, KjKvZv Avm‡j GLb
ÔwmwU Ae †U‡MviÕ| GB VvKzi cwievi †e‡o D‡V‡Q KjKvZvi eq‡mi m‡½ cvjv w`‡q| GKmgq Avwg G-I
Avwe®‹vi Kwi, iex›`Öbv_ VvKz‡ii Mfxi m„Rbkxj g‡bi åƒ‡Yi mÂv‡i I Zvi weKv‡k Av‡Q AvgviB wcÖq mì
w÷ª‡Ui 10 b¤î evwo| GLvb †_‡KB 17 eQ‡ii GK wK‡kv‡ii ÔwbS©‡ii ¯^cœf½Õ n‡qwQj Avi †mB †_‡KB M‡o
I‡V GB VvKzi bMi|
3
m~wP
VvKzievUx
eveyi `vjvb
mv‡n‡ei cÖvmv`bMi
dzwZ©i kni
VvKz‡ii bMi
KjKvZvi VvKzi
VvKz‡ii MÖš’bMi
bvUKcvovq VvKzi
M½vcv‡ii Lvevi
VvKzievwoi Mvb
VvKz‡ii wm‡bgv
KjKvZv-`k©b
10 mì w÷ªU: Pvi“jZvi bóbxo
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VvKzievUx
KjKvZvq B‡›`v-evsjv wm‡jU Drme n‡e 2014 mv‡ji 26-28 wW‡m¤î| Avgv‡K †h‡ZB n‡e| KviY, ILv‡b
Avgvi A‡bK `vwqZ¡| G mgq kvwš—wb‡KZ‡b †cŠl †gjv Av‡Q| myZivs, Avgvi ¯¿xI hv‡eb cyÎ‡ì wb‡q|
evsjv‡`k †_‡K cÖvq wZb k †Wwj‡MU hv‡eb ï‡b Avgvi †QvU †evb kebg ejj, ÔfvBqv, Avgiv †Zv we‡`k hvBwb,
Avgv‡ì wb‡q P‡jv|Õ h_vixwZ `j wVK n‡q hvq| kebg Avi byi“wÏ‡bi wZb mš—vb bykivZ, kvwà Avi gvmwd|
Avi GB cy‡iv `jUv‡K MvBW Kivi Rb¨ weqvbxevRvi †_‡K m½x nq myqvBeyi ingvb ¯^cb| ejjvg, ÔwVK Av‡Q,
n‡e| Z‡e †`L, Av¤§v‡K ivwR Kiv‡Z cvwim wK bv!Õ
KjKvZvi K_v ï‡b †`wL Av¤§vi †Vuv‡U wSwjK-gviv nvwm| wZwb wek¦vmB Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb bv| †mŠw` Avie Qvov
wZwbI †`‡ki evB‡i †Kv_vI hvbwb| AvMÖnI †bB| wKš‘ KjKvZvq †h‡Z Pvb| Avwg ejjvg, ÔKjKvZvq Kx
†`Lev, Av¤§v?Õ
wZwb `y‡Uv RvqMvi bvg e‡jb| GKwU wLwìcyi, †hLv‡b Zuvi evev, k¦ïi Avi ¯^vgxi ¯§„wZ Rwo‡q Av‡Q|
Av‡iKUv iex›`Öbv‡_i evwo| Avgvi gv iex›`Öbv‡_i K‡qKUv Mí c‡o‡Qb Avi Zuvi †Q‡j‡ejv wb‡q †jLv eB
c‡o‡Qb| †QvU‡ejv Avgv‡ì †mme Mí †kvbv‡Zb| GLb Avgv‡ì †Q‡j‡ìI †kvbvb| cvov-cÖwZ‡ekx †KD †jLv
wb‡q K_v ej‡Z G‡jI wZwb Zuv‡ì †mme Mí †kvbvb| ejvB, wgwb, KveywjIqvjv, AgjÑI‡ì Mí| wKš‘ †h
evwo‡Z iex›`Öbv‡_i Rš§-g„Zz¨, †m evwoUv GLb †Kgb Av‡Q, †`L‡Z cvi‡j wZwb A‡bK Av‡eMvcyZ n‡eb| Ggb
Avkv wb‡q Drme †kl nIqvi ci Zuv‡K wb‡q †ewi‡q cwo| Avgv‡ì Mš—e¨ †Rvovmuv‡Kv|
MÖv‡gi bvg †Rvovmuv‡Kv

Gi Av‡M Avwg AviI `yevi wM‡qwQjvg ILv‡b| cÖ_gevi 1997 mv‡j ¯¿x Rjx‡K wb‡q| ZLb G evwo‡Z †cuŠQv‡Z
†ek Sv‡gjv n‡qwQj| Ôiwe VvKzi KDb n¨vqÕÑUvB‡ci cÖ‡kœi Reve w`‡Z n‡qwQj K‡qK RvqMvq|
†Rvovmuv‡Kvi GB VvKzievwo †P‡b Ggb U¨vw·Iqvjv cvIqv Lye KóKi| KjKvZvi †Kv‡bv evOvwj‡K †hgb nv‡Z
Uvbv wiKkv Pvjv‡Z †`wLwb, †Zgwb evsjvq K_v ejv U¨vw· WªvBfviI mn‡R cvBwb| hv‡KB ewj †h †Rvovmuv‡Kvq
hve, †m-B gv_v PzjKvq| wnw›ì g‡Zv GKUv fvlvq K_v e‡j| A‡bK †Póvi ci GK U¨vw·Iqvjv Avgv‡ì wVKB
GK RvqMvq bvwg‡q w`‡q ejj, GLvb †_‡K GKUz †nu‡U †M‡jB wek¦fviZx cv‡eb| IUvB †Rvovmuv‡Kv VvKzievwo|
GKmgq G RvqMvUv wbLv` GKUv MÖvgB wQj|
KjKvZvq Bs‡iR‡ì AvwacZ¨ we¯—v‡ii m‡½ m‡½ †h KwU GjvKv evOvwj‡ì `L‡j †e‡o DV‡Z _v‡K, Zvi
GKwU †Rvovmuv‡Kv MÖvg| mveY© †PŠayix‡ì KvQ †_‡K Bs‡iRiv ¶gZvi `Lj wb‡q eZ©gvb †dvU© DBwjqv‡gi Kv‡Q
hLb Bs‡iR emwZ ïi“ K‡iwQj, ZLbB g~jZ wefvR‡bi m~ÎcvZ| KjKvZvi ZLb `yB weL¨vZ cwievi
wQjÑVvKzi cwievi Avi †è cwievi| VvKzi cwievi g~jZ †Rvovmuv‡Kv MÖv‡g P‡j hvq| †è cwievi †kvfvevRv‡i|
GB `y-cwieviB Bs‡i‡Ri Avkxe©v`cyó| myZivs, eëmv-evwYR¨ Avi kvb-kIK‡Zi AvwfRv‡Z¨ Avjv`v|
Avjv`vfv‡e Zviv evOvwj eveyi ivRevwo evwb‡q kvb-kIK‡Zi m‡½ Pj‡Z ïi“ K‡i|
Lye m‡PZbfv‡e †`L‡j †`Lv hvq, KjKvZvq iex›`Öbv‡_i c~e©cyi“l‡ì Awfevmb Avi weªwUk †ewbqv‡ì
Awfevmb cÖvq KvQvKvwQ mg‡qB n‡qwQj| weªwUk‡ì Rvnv‡Ri gvjvgvj IVv‡bv-bvgv‡bvi †ckv w`‡q m~Pbv n‡qwQj
Zuv‡ì c~e©cyi“l‡ì †ckv| †kl nq weªwUk‡ì †Ìqv Rwg`vwi Dc‡fv‡Mi gva¨‡g| weªwUkiv P‡j hvIqvi wZb
eQ‡ii gv_vq Rwg`vwi cÖ_v wejyß nq| †Rvovmuv‡Kvi VvKzievwoI Rwg`vwii RuvK nvivq|
wKš‘ cy‡iv‡bv ivRevwo ev Rwg`vievwo¸‡jv DËiKv‡j Zvi DËicyi“l wKsev ch©UK‡ì g‡a¨ †h cwigvY
weewglvi D‡`ªK K‡i, GB evwoUv †mUv K‡i bv| Zvi KviY, gnwl© †`‡e›`Öbv_ Ges Zuvi wKQy DËim~wi, huv‡ì
Kj¨v‡Y weªwUk‡ì c„ô‡cvlKZvq evbv‡bv GB evwowU AvRI Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q GK Acwi‡gq †KŠZ‚n‡ji welq|
cÂ`k kZvãxi gvSvgvwS mg‡q evsjv‡`‡ki h‡kvi †Rjvi †PwO¸wUqvi Rwg`vi `w¶Yvbv_ ivq‡PŠayixi Pvi
cy‡Îi (Kvg‡è, Rq‡è, iwZ‡è I ïK‡è) cÖ_g `yRb Kvg‡è I Rq‡è Bmjvg a‡g© `xw¶Z nb| Aci `yB
fvBÑiwZ‡è I ïK‡è wn›`y a‡g© †_‡K †M‡jI †m mgqKvi mgvRbxwZ Abymv‡i Zuviv mgvRPz¨Z n‡q cxivwj-
eªvþY cwiP‡q cwiwPZ n‡q I‡Vb| wKš‘ Zv‡Z Lye KvR nq bv| g~javivi eªvþ‡Yiv Zuv‡ì Avo‡Pv‡L †`L‡Z
_v‡Kb| GgbwK Zuv‡ì cwiev‡ii m‡½ we‡q-kvwì m¤^Ü Kiv ch©š— eÜ K‡i †`b| G mgq ïK‡è ivq‡PŠayix
wcVv‡fv‡Mi Rwg`vi RMbœv_ Kzkvix bv‡g GK D”P‡kÖwYi eªvþ‡Yi m‡½ Zuvi Kb¨vi we‡q †`b| Rwg`vi n‡jI
cxivwji †g‡q‡K we‡q Kivi Aciv‡a RMbœv_ Kzkvix mgvRPz¨Z nb| wZwb k¦ïi ïK‡`‡ei mnvqZvq ev‡ivcvov
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MÖv‡g G‡m emwZ ¯’vcb K‡ib| mß`k kZvãxi †kl fv‡M RMbœv‡_iB GK DËicyi“l cÂvbb Kzkvix Ges Zuvi
KvKv ïK‡è Kzkvix fvM¨v‡š^l‡Y eZ©gvb KjKvZv AÂ‡j Av‡mb| †h mgq †Rve Pvb©‡Ki RvnvR G‡m KjKvZvi
e›`‡i †bvOi K‡i Avi m~Pbv nq bZzb Dcwb‡e‡ki, Zvi KvQvKvwQ mg‡qB N‡U GB NUbv| KjKvZv ZLb ïay
GKwU ciMbv| wKš‘ cZ©zwMR NuvwU WvP ewYK‡ì †`Šj‡Z eëmv-evwY‡Rï GKUv eo †K‡›`Ö cwiYZ n‡qwQj|
nvU‡Lvjv-myZvbywU AÂj wQj Zvi Ab¨Zg NuvwU| KvKv-fvB‡cv KjKvZvq G‡m we‡`wk ewYK‡ì Rvnv‡R gvjcÎ
IVv‡bv-bvgv‡bvi KvR Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| GKch©v‡q Zuviv ÔwWwn KwjKvZvÕ MÖv‡gi `w¶‡Y †Mvwe›`cyi AÂ‡j Rwg wK‡b
emZevwo M‡o †Zv‡jb|
Gi cÖvq GK k eQi ci, Zuv‡ìB Av‡iK DËicyi“l bxjgwY VvKzi Iqv‡ib †nw÷sm‡qi kvmbKv‡ji †kl
w`‡K 1784 mv‡j KjKvZvq wPrcyi †iv‡Wi cy‡e †g‡QvevRv‡i Rwg wK‡b evwo evbvb| GB †g‡QvevRviB cieZ©x
mg‡q Ô†Rvovmuv‡KvÕ MÖvg wn‡m‡e cwiwPwZ cvq|
Guiv †Mvwe›`cy‡ii †h MÖv‡g G‡m emZ ïi“ K‡iwQ‡jb, †mwU wQj wbæe‡Y©i wn›`y‡ì GjvKv| Zviv wQj †R‡j
m¤úÖ`vqfz³| Giv h‡kvi †_‡K Avmv Kzkvix eªvþY‡ì †c‡q AZ¨š— fw³mnKv‡i ÔVvKzi gkvBÕ e‡j Zuv‡ì
m‡¤^vab KiZ| Bs‡iR‡ì Rvnv‡Ri gvjvgvj Lvjv‡mi KvR †c‡qwQ‡jb GB VvKzi gkvB| wej †gUv‡bvi Rb¨
iwk` KvU‡Z wM‡q GK Bs‡iR GB ÔVvKziÕ-Gi evbvb wjL‡jb ÔTagore’| mv`v Pvgovi me gvbyl‡KB ZLb
mv‡ne g‡b Kiv n‡Zv| mv‡n‡ei Kiv bv‡gi †klvs‡ki evbvb, Zv †hgbB †nvK, Avb‡›ì m‡½ MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb
Kzkvix eªvþ‡Yiv|
†h mgq G NUbvwU N‡U, Bs‡iwR fvlv ZLb GB KjKvZvq cÖPwjZ wQj bv| Lv›`vwb fvlv wn‡m‡e eënvi n‡Zv
dviwm, D`y,© Aviwe| fviZel©Ry‡o ZLb †gvMj mgªv‡Ui kvmb| Bivb †_‡K e‡q wb‡q Avmv fvlv w`‡qB †gvM‡jiv
kvmbKvR cwiPvjbv Ki‡Qb, ivóªxq digvb w`‡”Qb| gymjgvb kvmK, myZivs dviwmi m‡½ D`y© I Aviwe wgwkÖZ
n‡q GKUv AwfRvZ fvlv ˆZwi n‡qwQj GwjU †kÖwYi Rbmgv‡R| †mLv‡b Bs‡iR‡ì AvMg‡b ax‡i ax‡i Zvi
RvqMv `Lj Ki‡Z _v‡K Bs‡iwR fvlv|
Bs‡iR‡ì m‡½ ZLb Zv‡ì †h m¤úK©, Zv‡Z cÖwZev` K‡i bv‡gi evbvb ms‡kvab Kivi g‡Zv Bs‡iwR wk¶v
wKsev ¯úa©v Zv‡ì wQj bv| GgbwK cieZ©x mg‡q Bs‡iR‡ì eÜz nIqv m‡Ë¡I Ges wKQy Bs‡iR‡K wb‡Ri Aaxb
Kg©Pvix Kiv m‡Ë¡I wcÖÝ ØviKvbv_ VvKziI wb‡Ri bv‡gi †klvsk Ô†U‡MviÕ †_‡K VvKz‡i iƒcvš—wiZ Kivi †Póv Avi
K‡ibwb| d‡j eskci¤úivq GB fzj evbv‡b †jLv Zuv‡ì bvg †klvskUzKz Zuviv fzj evbv‡bB wj‡L P‡j‡Qb|
Avgiv †h †Rvovmuv‡Kvi K_v Rvwb, Zv 5 I 6 b¤î ØviKvbv_ VvKzi †j‡bi Rwg`vievwo, †h evwo‡Z iex›`Öbv_
VvKz‡ii Rxe‡bi me‡P‡q ¸i“Z¡c~Y© wZbwU NUbv N‡UwQj| wZwb R‡š§‡Qb GLv‡b, we‡q K‡i‡Qb GB evwo‡ZB Avi
g„ZzëiYI K‡i‡Qb GLv‡bB|
†mB weL¨vZ evwowU †Kgb Av‡Q, Zv †`Lvi Rb¨ Avgiv h_v¯’v‡b G‡m bvwg|
Ôwek¦fviZxÕi GK †MU w`‡q XzK‡ZB wekvj gvV| †m gvV meyR Nv‡m QvIqv| Zvi cÖvq Pvicv‡k †`vZjv-†ZZjv
jvj B‡Ui `vjvb| `vjvb¸‡jvi d¨vmv‡W Rvbvjvi †h †kwWs wWfvBm ev eviv›`vi †hme Kjvg, Zv A‡bKUv †gvMj
ixwZi| eviv›`v¸‡jv †ek cÖk¯—| wekvj PZ¡iwU‡Z A‡bK¶Y †NvivNywi K‡i cÖvq K¬vš— n‡q wbPZjvi GKUv
eviv›`vi mvg‡b e‡m cwo| QvÎQvÎx‡ì nuvUvPjv †`Lv Qvov Avi †Kv‡bv KvR †bB| ewne©vUxi GB GjvKv †cwi‡q
†fZ‡i †h‡Z nq gvSLv‡bi KwiWi w`‡q| †mLv‡b †jLv, Ôgnwl© febÕ| cv‡k gnwl© †`‡e›`Öbv_ VvKz‡ii GKUv
fv¯‹h©| wZwb ØviKvbv_ VvKz‡ii eo cyÎ|
1997 mv‡ji cÖ_g md‡i VvKzievwo Lye fv‡jvfv‡e Avgvi †`Lv n‡q I‡Vwb| ï‡bwQjvg, †`vZjvi `y‡Uv Ni‡K
Ôiex›`Ö Rv`yNiÕ-G cwiYZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| iex›`Öbv_ †h N‡i _vK‡Zb, †m Ni Avi †h N‡i wZwb gviv †M‡Qb, †mB
NiRy‡o GB Rv`yNi| wKš‘ †mwU eÜ wQj †mw`b| Avgiv evB‡i-†fZ‡i nuvUvnuvwU K‡i, g~wZ©i cv‡k ùvwo‡q wb‡R‡ì
KqUv Qwe Zz‡j †mw`bKvi g‡Zv P‡j Avwm|
†Rvovmuv‡Kvi GB VvKzievwo‡Z Avgvi wØZxqevi hvIqv n‡qwQj 2014 mv‡ji AvM÷ gv‡m| Gevi Avgvi m‡½
eo GKUv `j| †`vnvi I †jvcvgy`ªv †cÖvWvKkbm Av‡qvwRZ ÔmnR cieÕ bv‡gi GKUv Drm‡ei †kl w`b
Ôevsjv‡`k iRbxÕ n‡e| Avgvi †jLv ÔgnvR‡bi bvIÕ wb‡q G‡m‡Q ÔmyePbÕ| ciw`b Avgv‡ì cÖ`k©bx| nv‡Z
GK‡ejv mgq Av‡Q Avgv‡ì| `‡ji mevB‡K wb‡q GK e„wó‡fRv `ycy‡i Avgiv P‡j Avwm †Rvovmuv‡Kvi
VvKzievwo| myeP‡bi ÔgnvR‡bi bvIÕ bvU‡Ki Avgiv mevB K‡qKwU `‡j fvM n‡q cÖvq KvQvKvwQ mg‡q G‡m cwo
VvKzievwoi GB A›ìgn‡j| `‡ji cÖvq Kzwo Rb m`m¨| AvgviB m½x wZbRb| ZvivI myeP‡bi †jvK| wKš‘
Avgvi m‡½B KjKvZv †`L‡e e‡j cY K‡i †d‡j‡Q| Giv n‡jv †mv‡nj, Bgivb Avi MM© Avwgb| MM© GB bvU‡Ki
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Av‡jvKm¤úvZKvix| K¨v‡givI Pvjv‡Z Rv‡b| Zvi nv‡Z aiv UªvBc‡qWmn Avgvi wfwWI K¨v‡giv| Avwg w÷‡jB
mB| Avgvi G‡·mwiR e‡q †eov‡Z †mv‡n‡ji Drmv‡ni Aš— †bB| Avi Bgiv‡bi Mv‡bi Mjv fv‡jv| PvÝ
†c‡jB †m Mvb †M‡q †kvbvq| Avgv‡ì A‡bK dzwZ©|
GB PviR‡bi `j hLb G‡m †cuŠQvq, ZLb evwK‡ì †NvivNywi cÖvq †kl| Zviv AvaNÈvq ÔA‡bK wKQÕz †`‡L
†d‡j‡Q| iex›`Öbv_ I †`‡e›`Öbv‡_i g~wZ©i cv‡k Zv‡ì Qwe †Zvjv †kl| Gevi VvKzi `vjvb †cQ‡b †i‡L GKUv
MÖ“c Qwe †Zvjv n‡j Zv‡ì †Rvovmuv‡Kv ÔKvfviÕ n‡q hvq| Avgiv MÖ“c Qwei Rb¨ R‡ov nB| wMqvm‡K wR‡Ám
Kwi, Ô†Kgb †`Ljv?Õ
Avn‡g` wMqvm GB `‡ji †bZv| mevB Zvi K_vq DV‡Q-em‡Q| Zviv wm×vš— wb‡q‡Q, GLv‡b Avi _vKv hv‡e
bv| evB‡ii mewKQy †`Lv †kl| †fZ‡i XzK‡Z PvB‡Q bv| Zviv Lye wei³| wR‡Ám Kwi, welq Kx?
wMqvm gv‡Sg‡a¨ gyL Lvivc K‡i| GLv‡bI Kij| ejj, ÔAgy‡Kiv jvUmv‡n‡ei g‡Zv wUwKU KvD›Uv‡i e‡m‡Q|
†jvKRb †h †fZ‡i wM‡q wgDwRqvg †`L‡e, Zv‡Z Zv‡ì †Kv‡bv Drmvn †bB|Õ
VvKzievUx GLb iex›`ÖfviZx

iex›`Öbv‡_i ¯§„wZweRwoZ GB VvKzievwowUi GKUv Ask GLb Ôiex›`ÖfviZx Rv`yNiÕ| IciZjvq †mB Rv`yN‡ii
Av‡qvRb| †mLv‡b XzK‡Z 10 UvKv g~‡jï wUwKU jv‡M| wKš‘ Iiv 15 Rb GKm‡½ Av‡Q| I‡ì Kv‡Q fvOwZ
†bB| wUwKUIqvjvivI fvOwZ Qvov wUwKU †`‡e bv| cÖ‡Z¨K‡K 10 UvKv K‡i w`‡q wUwKU wb‡Z n‡e| Iiv cuvP k
UvKv RvgvbZ †i‡L 15 R‡bi wUwKU PvBj| NÈv Lv‡bK ci †diZ G‡m mv‡o wZb k wb‡q hv‡e| wKš‘ Zv‡Z
wUwKUIqvjv ivwR bb| wZwb cwÎKv cv‡V e¨¯—| ZvB Iiv mevB wei³ n‡q P‡j G‡m‡Q| Avi hv‡e bv| Iiv P‡j
hv‡e| wKš‘ Avgvi †Zv P‡j †M‡j n‡e bv| Avgvi KvR Av‡Q GB evwo wb‡q| myZivs, Avwg axi cv‡q G‡MvB|
wMqvmiv P‡j hvIqvi ci Avgv‡ì `‡ji Avgiv gvÎ PviRb †_‡K hvB GB VvKzievwo‡Z| †P‡q †`wL, 1997
mv‡j †hgbUv †`‡LwQjvg, wVK †ZgbwUB Av‡Q| Avm‡j 1961 mv‡ji ci VvKzievwoi evB‡ii Aeq‡e †Zgb eo
ai‡bi †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b Av‡mwb| iex›`Öbv‡_i R‡š§i GK k eQi c~wZ©‡Z hLb GB evwowU ÔD×viÕ K‡i
iex›`ÖfviZx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi KZK¸‡jv Abyl‡ì Rb¨ †Ìqv nq, ZLbB G‡K Rv`yNi wn‡m‡e iƒcvš—‡ii cÖ¯—ve
Av‡m| 1961 mv‡ji 8 †g fvi‡Zi Z`vbxš—b cÖavbgš¿x RInijvj †bni“‡K w`‡q GB Rv`yN‡ii Øvi D‡š§vPb
Kiv‡bv nq| ejv nq †h wZbwU M¨vjvwi‡Z wef³ _vK‡e GwU|
VvKzievwoi `ywU gnj| GKwU evB‡ii gvV‡Niv, AciwU †fZ‡iiÑA›ìgnj| evB‡ii AskwU †ewk my›ì| jvj
Avi mey‡Ri PgrKvi GK mgvnvi| GiB gvSLv‡b meyR Nv‡mi PZ¡i| Zvi wZb cv‡k †gvMj Avi BD‡ivcxq
Nivbvi †`vZjv-†ZZjv `vjvb| `vjvb¸‡jvi Mv‡q jvj is| Pzb-myiwKi c‡j¯—vivi Ici †iW-A·vBW gvLv‡j †h
iswU nq, †`L‡Z wVK Zv AgbB| Avwg cÖvq wbwðZ, Dwbk kZ‡Ki †Mvovi w`‡K hLb G `vjvbwU evbv‡bv nq,
ZLb G isB eënvi Kiv n‡qwQj| †m mgq GiB Pj wQj| w`wj-AvMÖvq †hme cÖvPxb `vjvb‡KvVv evbv‡bv
n‡qwQj, †m¸‡jviI eY© jvj wQj| Bsj¨v‡Ûi `vjvb¸‡jvi Mv‡q †h jvj‡P is †Ìqv n‡Zv, ZviB cybive„wË
GLv‡bI Kiv n‡q‡Q| KviY, AvVv‡iv kZ‡Ki †kl PZz_©vs‡k Bsj¨vÛ †_‡K ivRwgw¯¿ G‡m `vjvb evbv‡bv hLb
ïi“ K‡ib, ZLb Zviv †m †`‡ki ¯’vcZïxwZi GKUv fviZxq ms¯‹i‡Yi Rš§ †`b GLv‡b| GB evwoUvi Aeq‡e
ZviB cÖKvk|
Avgiv cÖ‡ekìRvi gy‡L G‡m ùvovB| ìRvi Ic‡i gv‡e©j cv_‡i †jLv: Ô†Rvovmuv‡Kv VvKzievUx, gnwl© febÕ|
Avgiv K¨v‡giv wb‡q †fZ‡i XzK‡Z PvB| jvwV nv‡Z `v‡ivqvb Avgv‡ì AvUKvq| wfwWI Kiv hv‡e bv| wfwWI
Ki‡Z wek¦fviZxi DcvPv‡h©i AbygwZ cÖ‡qvRb| DcvPvh© g‡nv`q GLv‡b †bB| Avi †fZ‡i †h‡Z wUwKU jvM‡e|
wUwKU †Kv_vq? K_v †kl K‡iB `v‡ivqvb †`wL‡q w`j wUwKU KvD›Uvi, †h KvD›Uvi †_‡K wedj n‡q wd‡i wM‡qwQj
Avgv‡ì `‡ji Aci m`mïv| Avgiv †mLv‡b wM‡q ùvovB| wUwKU KvUvi Rb¨ Avgiv PviUv 10 UvKvi †bvU †ei
K‡i w`B| †Kv‡bv mgm¨v nq bv| Avgv‡ì Rvwb‡q †Ìqv nq, GUvB Rv`yN‡ii wbqg| GLv‡b RyZv cv‡q †XvKv
hv‡e bv| Rwg`vi evwo e‡j K_v| Rwg`vi‡ì evwoi cvk w`‡q Av‡M Ry‡Zv cv‡q, QvZv gv_vq †jvKR‡bi PjvPj
wQj wbwl×| GLb QvZv gv_vq †Ìqv hv‡e, wKš‘ Ry‡Zv ev m¨v‡Ûj c‡i evwoi †fZ‡i hvIqv hv‡e bv| m‡½ ivLv
hv‡e bv †Kv‡bv ai‡bi K¨v‡giv, j¨vcUc, AvBc¨vW| GgbwK †gvevBj †dvb w`‡qI Qwe †Zvjv hv‡e bv| †K¬vRW
mvwK©U K¨v‡giv jvMv‡bv Av‡Q| iex›`Öbv‡_i eënƒZ wRwbmc‡Îi cv‡k ùvwo‡q Qwe Zz‡j †dmey‡K Avc‡jvW Kivi
†Kv‡bv my‡hvMI †bB|
7
G ai‡bi Av‡iKR‡bi evwo‡Z Avwg wM‡qwQjvg †ek Av‡M| wZwb †lvok kZvãxi bvU¨Kvi| DBwjqvg
†kK&mwcqv‡ii Rš§wfUv †`L‡Z wM‡qwQjvg ÷ªvU‡dvW© Avcb A¨vfb kn‡i| GB f`ª‡jv‡Ki Kvi‡Y Bsj¨v‡Ûi GK
gd¯^j kni wekvj GKUv ch©Ub kni GLb| †mLv‡b Gme RwUj wbqgKvbyb †bB| gvbylRb ¯^”Q‡›` me ai‡bi
K¨v‡giv wb‡q wePiY Ki‡Q| †kK&mwcqv‡ii Rš§ n‡qwQj †h N‡i, †mLv‡b GKUv weQvbv cvZv| †mB weQvbvi cv‡k
ùvwo‡q Qwe Zz‡j †dmey‡K Vvm Vvm K‡i Avc‡jvW Ki‡Q mevB| †kK&mwcqvi MwieN‡ii †Q‡j wQ‡jb e‡j Zuvi
Rb¨ AZ evnv`ywi †bB| iex›`Öbv_ †Zv Rwg`vi| myZivs, Rwg`vwii ZwiKv †_‡K miv‡bv hv‡e bv e‡jB nq‡Zv
iex›`ÖfviZx Ggb wbqgKvbyb Pvjy K‡i‡Q| Avgiv me wbqgKvbyb †g‡b, Ry‡Zv-m¨v‡Ûj Ly‡j, K¨v‡giv AvBc¨vW
ev‡·i g‡a¨ f‡i Lvwj cv‡q †`vZjvq wM‡q DwV|
wØZxqev‡ii wZ³ AwfÁZv Avgvi Z…Zxqev‡ii ÔVvKzievUxÕ ågY‡K A‡bK mnR K‡i †`q| VvKzievUxi
`v‡ivqvb‡ì †ewk NuvUv‡Z nq bv| Avgv‡ì wUwKU n‡q hvq fvOwZ UvKvq| Gici jKv‡i K¨v‡giv, AvBc¨vW ivLv
nq| Ry‡Zv-m¨v‡Ûj cv †_‡K mwi‡q wb‡q GK RvqMvq mh‡Zœ †i‡L Avgiv †`vZjvq D‡V ïi“ Kwi VvKzievwo-
`k©‡bi KvR|
wmuwo gvwo‡q †`vZjvq DV‡ZB cÖ_g †h NiwU †Pv‡L c‡o, Zvi bvg ÔmsMxZ NiÕ| Zejv, nvi‡gvwbqvg ivLv
Av‡Q| Av‡Q emvi g‡Zv †ewÂI| cy‡iv N‡ii Avmeve Dwbk kZ‡Ki Ave‡n ˆZwi| †mLv‡b GKUv †bvwUk †evW©I
Av‡Q| Zv‡Z †jLv, GLv‡b Mvb ïb‡Z n‡j 10 UvKv w`‡q wUwKU KvU‡Z n‡e| `ywU Mv‡bi ci AwZwi³ Mvb †kvbv
hv‡e| Z‡e †m †¶‡Î cÖwZ Mv‡bi Rb¨ cuvP UvKv K‡i w`‡Z n‡e|
msMxZ fe‡bi G Av‡qvRbUv K‡e †_‡K? GUv iex›`Öbv‡_i Avg‡ji, bvwK GLbKvi mg‡qi `k©bv_©x‡ì Rb¨?
n‡ZI cv‡i| GB Rv`yN‡ii `k©bv_©x‡ì Rb¨ Ggb wPš—v whwb K‡iwQ‡jb, Zuvi m„RbkxjZv‡K abëv` †Ìqv
†h‡Z cviZ, hw` GLv‡b Av‡`Š Mvb †kvbv‡bvi †Kv‡bv eë¯’v _vKZ|
iex›`ÖfviZxi msMxZ wefv‡Mi QvÎQvÎxiv †Zv cvU©UvBg BbKv‡gi Rb¨ GgbUv Ki‡ZB cviZ| wKš‘ bv Av‡Q
Zvi †Kv‡bv Av‡qvRb, bv Av‡Q †Kv‡bv MvBW, Aš—Z G wel‡q huv‡K wR‡Ám Kiv hvq|
Mv‡bi N‡ii cv‡k GKUv ivbœvNi| wVK †evSvi Dcvq †bB GUv †Kvb Avg‡ji| †Zgb wKQy †jLvI †bB GLv‡b|
G Ni `y‡Uv †`Lv †kl n‡j Avevi GKB c‡_ †ewi‡q G‡m ùvovB iex›`Öbv‡_i †kvevi N‡ii cv‡k|
†Ui †cjvg, gvSLv‡b Ni †i‡L A›ìgn‡ji w`‡K Uvbv eviv›`v Avi ewng©n‡ji w`‡K eviv›`v w`‡q N‡ii
web¨vm| Ni¸‡jv †ek eo| Qv‡ì D”PZv †PŠÏ dz‡Ui g‡Zv| `yÕcv‡k †Lvjv Rvbvjv| Av‡jv-evZv‡mi KgwZi
†Kv‡bv my‡hvM †bB| cici `y‡Uv Kvgiv iex›`Öbv‡_i Rb¨ eivÏ| GKwU Zuvi kqbK¶| Aci K¶wU‡ZB wZwb
g„ZzëiY K‡ibÑGgb K_v †jLv| iex›`Öbv‡_i LvU, †njvb †Ìqv Avivg‡K`viv, Avjgvwi mvwR‡q ivLv| Av‡Q wKQy
Avj‡LjvI| Rxe‡bi †kl fv‡M G‡m wZwb Kv‡jv, mv`v Ges †mvbvwj i‡Oi Avj‡Ljv ci‡Zb| †m¸‡jv GLv‡b
mvwR‡q ivLv n‡q‡Q|
GB N‡i Xz‡KB PgwKZ n‡q c‡ob mevB| we‡kl K‡i Av¤§v Avi kebg| kebg e‡j, fvBqv, iex›`Öbv_ wK GB
Rvbvjv w`‡q †P‡q †P‡q e„wó †`L‡Zb? KweZv wj‡LwQ‡jb, ÔRj c‡o cvZv b‡oÕ?
Avwg Reve w`‡Z cvwi bv| KviY, GB NiwU iex›`Öbv_ †c‡qwQ‡jb Zuvi †kl Rxe‡b| ZZ w`‡b eo fvB‡evb‡ì
mevB †Rvovmuv‡Kv †Q‡o P‡j †M‡Qb| evev gviv †M‡Qb| myZivs, KZ©v ej‡Z wZwbB| †m Kvi‡Y, me‡P‡q
wcÖwf‡jRW N‡i wZwb _vK‡ZB cv‡ib| wKš‘ Lye †QvU‡ejvq wZwb †Kvb Kvgivq _vK‡ZbÑZvi D‡jL GB
Rv`yN‡ii †Kv_vI †jLv †bB|
GLv‡b K_v ejv wb‡laÑ†`qv‡j Ggb wKQy mZK©evK¨B †jLv| myZivs, mevB bxi‡e †`‡L hv‡”Qb iex›`Öbv‡_i
eënvi Kiv wRwbmcÎ| Lye †ewk¶Y †`Lvi wKQy †bB| Lye †ewk ch©UKI ILv‡b Av‡mb bv| GKmgq †fZ‡ii
Kvgiv †`Lv †kl K‡i A›ìgnj-gy‡Lv Uvbv eviv›`vq G‡m ùvovB| †`wL, †fZ‡ii gnjwU mv`v i‡Oi PzbKvg Kiv|
Pvicv‡k mvieuvav me Ni| gvSLv‡b wekvj D‡Vvb|
IciZjvq cÖk¯— KwiWi| ¯‹zj-K‡jR ev wek¦we`¨vj‡q †hgb _v‡K, A‡bKUv †miKgB| †Kv_vI †Zgb †Kv‡bv
w`KwPý †Ìqv †bB| bv Av‡Q †Kv‡bv MvBW, bv Av‡Q ¯úó K‡i wKQy †jLv| KwiW‡i e›`yK nv‡Z e‡m _vKv
`v‡ivqvb‡ì †`‡L fq jv‡M| Zv‡ì KvD‡K wKQy wR‡Ám Ki‡jI wKQy †evSv hvq bv| Avgvi Lye Rvb‡Z B‡”Q
K‡iwQj gnwl© †`‡e›`Öbv_ wVK †Kvb NiwU‡Z _vK‡Zb| †Kv_vq Zuvi GZ¸‡jv ev”PvKv”PvB ev _vKZ? Rvwb, eo
nIqvi ci G‡K G‡K wØ‡R›`Ö-m‡Z¨›`Ö-†R¨vwZwi›`Öbv‡_iv GB VvKzievwo †Q‡o P‡j wM‡qwQ‡jb| Zvi ciI GLb
GLv‡b †Kv_vI Zuv‡ì †Kv‡bv N‡iiB wPýenbKvix †Kv‡bv wKQy †bB|
8
VvKzievwoi wPÎkvjv
VvKzievwoi Aš—g©yLx cÖk¯— KwiWi a‡i Avgiv †nu‡U hvB| nuvU‡Z nuvU‡Z mvg‡b †c‡q hvB `y‡Uv wPÎkvjv|
GKwU‡Z VvKzi cwiev‡ii I Ebwesk kZvãxi beRvMiYKv‡j AuvKv fviZxq I cvðvZ¨ avivi wPÎkvjv| Av‡iKwU
VvKzi cwiev‡ii †cv‡Uª©U M¨vjvwi|
fviZxq avivi Qwe¸‡jvi g‡a¨ MM‡b›`Öbv_, Aebx›`Öbv_, b›`jvj emy, hvwgbx ivqÑGu‡ì AuvKv Qwe Av‡Q|
ivgwK¼i †eBR‡K fv¯‹i wn‡m‡e Rvwb| kvwš—wb‡KZ‡b Zuvi †ek wKQy fv¯‹h© †`‡LwQjvg 2004 mv‡j| wKš‘ GB
wPÎkvjvq †`wL Aebx›`Öbv_ VvKz‡ii GKUv cÖwZK…wZ Gu‡KwQ‡jb wZwb| Avevi GB Aeb VvKz‡ii Av‡iKwU
cÖwZK…wZi †`Lv †g‡j webvqK cvÊyiv‡gi AuvKv wP‡Î| Kv`¤îx †èx Avi cÖwZgv †èxi Qwe Gu‡KwQ‡jb †èxcÖmv`
ivq †PŠayix| †m¸‡jvI LyuwU‡q LyuwU‡h †`wL Avgiv|
Dwbk kZ‡K evOvwj mgv‡Ri beRvMi‡Yi †h Aa¨v‡qi m~Pbv K‡iwQ‡jb ivRv ivg‡gvnb ivq, Zvi weKvk N‡U
ivg‡gvn‡bi `yB hy‡Mi `yB mnPi ØviKvbv_ I †`‡e›`Öbv_ VvKz‡ii Avg‡j| Zvi A‡bK wKQyiB mv¶x GB
†Rvovmuv‡Kvi VvKzievwo| Gi mgvwßI N‡U GB VvKzi cwiev‡ii Kwbô cyÎ kÖxgvb iex›`Öbv_ VvKz‡ii g„Zzï ga¨
w`‡q| evOvwj beRvMiYKv‡ji †hme wPÎKg© wb‡q GB M¨vjvwi mvRv‡bv, Zv †m mgqKviB AuvKv|
GB evwoi `yRb wPÎK‡ii Kv‡Q Zver evOvwj AvaywbK wPÎKi FYx| Zuv‡ì GKRb MM‡b›`Öbv_ I AciRb
ZuviB fvB Aebx›`Öbv_ VvKzi| ms‡¶‡cÑMMb VvKzi Avi Aeb VvKzi| MMb VvKzi iex›`Öbv‡_i PvPv‡Zv fvB‡qi
†Q‡j| wZwb iex›`Öbv‡_i †P‡q eQi Q‡q‡Ki †QvU| GB MMb VvKz‡ii bv‡g KjKvZvi iex›`Öm`‡b GKwU wPÎkvjv
Av‡Q| 2002 mv‡j Ôevsjvi gyLÕ bv‡g KjKvZvi Av‡jvKwPÎx wbgvB †Nv‡li m‡½ Avgvi †hŠ_ Av‡jvKwPÎ cÖ`k©bx
n‡qwQj GLv‡b| ZLbB Avwg fv‡jv K‡i Zuvi bvgwUi m‡½ cwiwPZ nIqvi my‡hvM cvB| Dwbk kZ‡Ki †k‡li
w`‡K GKRb Rvcvwb wPÎK‡ii Aby‡cÖiYvq wZwb wfbœ auv‡Pi Qwe AuvK‡Z ïi“ K‡iwQ‡jb| Gfv‡eB ïi“| Rvcvwb
†mB wPÎK‡ii wKQy QweI Av‡Q GB M¨vjvwi‡Z| Aebx›`Öbv_ wQ‡jb iex›`Öbv‡_i cÖvq mgeqmx| wZwb R‡š§wQ‡jb
iex›`Öbv‡_i R‡š§i 10 eQi ci| g„ZzÏ nq iex›`Öbv‡_i g„Zzï 10 eQi ci| Aeb VvKz‡ii Qwei K_v c‡owQ
A‡bK RvqMvq| jvj‡bi GKUv Qwe bvwK Zuvi AuvKv| †`vZviv nv‡Z bv‡Pi fw½gvq| c‡i †R‡bwQ, IUv jvj‡bi
bq, ¯^qs iex›`Öbv‡_i| QwewU AuvKv nq 1915 mv‡j jvj‡bi g„Zzï cÖvq 25 eQi ci| iex›`Öbv_‡K evDj m¤úÖ`vq
GZUvB AbycÖvwYZ K‡iwQj †h, wZwb GKwU bvUK wj‡L Zv‡Z m„ó GKRb evD‡ji Pwi‡Î AwfbqI K‡iwQ‡jb|
Awfbq n‡qwQj GB VvKzievwoi g‡Â| †mB ¯§„wZ †_‡KB Aeb VvKzi Gu‡KwQ‡jb GB Qwe| 1915 mv‡j iex›`Öbv_
PzqvËi eQi eqmx| j¤^v Pzj, j¤^v `vwo, †hgbwU wVK jvj‡bi| m‡½ Avj‡Ljv| jvjb wK Avj‡Ljv ci‡Zb?
bvwK †Mi“qv aywZ? _vK| jvj‡bi GKgvÎ Qwe Gu‡KwQ‡jb GB VvKzievwoi Av‡iK cyi“l| iex›`Öbv‡_i 12
eQ‡ii eo, Zuvi cÖvYwcÖq bZzb `vÑ†R¨vwZwi›`Öbv_ VvKzi| †m 1889 mv‡ji K_v| jvj‡bi g„Zzï wVK Av‡Mi eQi|
wkjvB`‡ni †ev‡U Zuv‡K G‡b ewm‡q Qwe Auv‡Kb wZwb| jvjb I iex›`Öbv‡_i mv¶vr n‡qwQjÑGgb wKQy cwowb
†Kv_vI| wKš‘ iex›`Öbv_ †h jvjb ev MMb niKivi Mv‡bi AbyivMx wQ‡jb, Zuv‡ì Mv‡bi Av`jUvI MÖnY K‡i‡Qb
wb‡Ri Mv‡bÑGgb K_v GLb Avgiv mevB Rvwb|
Avgiv Aeb VvKzi ev †R¨vwZwi‡›`Öi AuvKv †mB Qwe¸‡jv LuywR †Rvovmuv‡Kvi GB wPÎkvjvq| wKš‘ cvB bv| Beb
e‡j, Ôevev, iex›`Öbv_ †h Qwe¸‡jv Gu‡KwQ‡jb, †m¸‡jv †Kv_vq?Õ
Avwg ewj, ÔRvwb bv| Z‡e GLv‡b †bB|Õ
Ô†Kb? GLv‡b †Zv _vKv DwPZ|Õ
ÔPzc K‡iv| GLv‡b K_v ejv wb‡la|Õ
Xzu gvwi cv‡ki Kvgivq| IUv †cv‡Uª©U M¨vjvwi| †h NiwU‡Z VvKzi cwiev‡ii cÖ wZK…wZ ivLv, Zvi evB‡ii As‡k
GKUv Kv‡Pi ev‡·i g‡a¨ hZœ K‡i ivLv †bv‡ej cyi¯‹v‡ii bKj †g‡Wj Avi 1912 mv‡ji Bs‡iwR ZiRgvi g~j
MxZvÄwjwU| iex›`Öbv‡_i Avmj cyi¯‹viwU Pzwi n‡q hvq 2004 mv‡j kvwš—wb‡KZ‡bi ÔDËivqYÕ evwo †_‡K|
GL‡bv †mB †Pvi‡K †KD ai‡Z cv‡iwb| g~j †bv‡e‡ji †mvbvq †gvov †g‡WjwUI D×vi Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| whwb Pzwi
K‡iwQ‡jb, Zuvi Kv‡Q †bv‡ej cyi¯‹viwU GKUzK‡iv †mvbvi PvKwZ Qvov Avi wKQyB wQj bv| IUv †mvbvi †`vKv‡b
fvOv‡Z wM‡qI wZwb aiv c‡obwb| GLb GB bKj †g‡WjwU cvnviv †Ìqvi Rb¨ wKQy cywjk ùvo Kwi‡q ivLv
Av‡Q| Zv‡ì cÖavb KvR, †KD hv‡Z Qwe Zzj‡Z bv cv‡i|
Ggwb‡Z mevB‡K K¨v‡giv, AvBc¨vW, j¨vcUc Rgv w`‡q Avm‡Z n‡qwQj wi‡mck‡bi Kv‡Q ivLv jKv‡i| m‡½
wQj †Kej †gvevBj †dvb| G wbqgwU hLb Kiv nq, ZLb m¤¢eZ †gvevBj †dvb wQj bv| wKsev †gvevBj †dv‡bI
9
†h Qwe †Zvjv hvq, †mUv Zuviv Rvb‡Zb bv| wKš‘ Qwe Zz‡j GiB g‡a¨ aiv †L‡q e‡m‡Q Avgv‡ì `‡ji GKRb|
†gvevBj †dv‡b Qwe †Zvjvi Kvi‡Y Zvi K¨v‡giv Rã K‡i wb‡q †M‡Q wmwKDwiwUi †jvK| iwk` nv‡Z w`‡q‡Q|
hvIqvi mgq †mUv †`Lv‡jB KvD›Uvi †_‡K †dvbwU †diZ cvIqv hv‡e|
†Rvovmuv‡Kvi GB †`vZjv Rwg`vievwo hLb wQj, ZLb wbðqB G evwo‡Z †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv N‡i eo eo †cv‡Uª©U
†kvfv †cZ| cÂ`k kZK †_‡K BD‡iv‡c ïi“ n‡qwQj ivRv‡ì †cv‡Uª©U AuvKvAuvwKi KvR| d‡UvMÖv‡di Pj
†h‡nZz wQj bv, AvwU©÷ †W‡K G‡b Qwe AuvKv‡Zb ivRv-ev`kv I mgv‡Ri weËkvjxiv| gymjgvb a‡g© Qwe AuvKv
wbwl×, Zvi ciI B¯—v¤^yj ev w`wj--AvMÖvq gymjgvb kvmK‡ì A‡b‡K A‡bK Agymwjg wPÎKi‡K w`‡q wb‡R‡ì
†cv‡Uª©U AuvwK‡q wb‡qwQ‡jb| B¯—v¤^y‡ji †ZvcKvwc cÖvmv‡ì GKUv eo nji“‡g Ô†cv‡Uª©U M¨vjvwiÕ‡Z cuvP k eQi
a‡i kvmb Kiv Imgvwb myjZvb‡ì ˆZjwP‡Îi cÖwZK…wZ †`‡LwQjvg| GLv‡b G‡m AvR †`LwQ Dwbk kZ‡Ki
evsjvi Rwg`vi‡ì Qwe|
VvKzievwoi GB wPÎkvjvwU Lye eo bq| Pvicv‡ki †`qvjRy‡o Vvmv Qwe| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bvwU †ek eoÑQq dzU
PIov, †PŠÏ dzU D”PZvi †d«g| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bvwU †ek †QvU| me‡P‡q †QvUwUI wZb dzU evB Pvi dz‡Ui n‡e|
GLv‡b Av‡Q ØviKvbv_ VvKz‡ii `y‡Uv ˆZjwPÎ| eªvþYmyjf †cvkv‡Ki m‡½ mv‡nwe X‡Oi mvR Zuvi| Zuvi cv‡kB
†ek eo AvKv‡i cÖmbœKzgvi VvKz‡ii Qwe| GLv‡b Kzgvi evbvb †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q COOMARÑBs‡iRiv VvKzi‡K
†hfv‡e TAGORE K‡iwQj, †mfv‡eB Bs‡iwR evbv‡b ÔKzgviÕ †jLv n‡q‡Q| Bs‡i‡Ri c„ô‡cvlKZvab¨ GB
cwiev‡ii cÖvq cÖ‡Z¨‡KB cieZ©xKv‡j Bs‡iwR wk¶vq wkw¶Z n‡jI Zuv‡ì bv‡gi evbv‡bi GB cwieZ©‡b D‡`¨vMx
nbwb| d‡j VvKzi cwiev‡ii AviI hZ Kzgvi wQ‡jb, ZuvivI COOMAR wn‡m‡eB †_‡K hvb| fvwM¨m, Avgiv
Avi †hme Kzgvi‡K wPwb (DËg, wK‡kvi cÖgyL), Zuv‡ì †KDB VvKzievwoi G c_ a‡i nuv‡Ubwb| Avgv‡ì Kzwgjv
COMILLA n‡q‡Q, KvQvo CACHAR n‡q‡Q| wK‡kviKzgvi‡ì AvwKKv Bs‡iR‡ì Kj‡g nqwb e‡j i¶v
†c‡q †M‡Qb| me‡P‡q nvm¨Ki g‡b n‡q‡Q b›`Kzgvi VvKz‡ii bvgwUi Bs‡iRvqb| evbvb †jLv n‡q‡Q NUNDO
COOMAR, KvwjK…ò VvKzi n‡q‡Qb CALLY KISSEN TAGORE. Avwg wbwðZ, Gme †cv‡Uª©‡Ui wb‡Pi
bvg¸‡jv Bs‡iRiv †j‡Lbwb| wj‡L‡Qb GB ÔbeveÕ‡ì †cBW †Kv‡bv wkíx| Ges ZZ w`‡b GB ÔbeveÕiv h‡_ó
Bs‡iwR wk‡LI †d‡jwQ‡jb| Zvn‡j †Kb Zuviv wb‡R‡ì bvgwU ms‡kvab K‡ibwb, fve‡Z wM‡q GKUz LUKvB
jv‡M|
Avgiv Ny‡i Ny‡i Qwe †`wL| Av‡Q †Mvcvj jvj VvKzi, myax›`Ö‡gvnb, KvwjK…lY (bvwK KvwjK…ò?), ivRv m¨vi
my‡i›`Öbv_, evey my‡i›`Ö‡gvnb, gnvivRv evnv`yi m¨vi cÖ‡`¨vrKzgvi VvKzi cÖgy‡Li Qwe| Z‡e me‡P‡q eo †d«gwU
KvwjK…lY VvKz‡ii| Zuvi nq‡Zv A‡bK KuvPv cqmv wQj, A‡bK eo †d«‡g Zuvi †cv‡Uª©U AuvwK‡qwQ‡jb| A‡bK¸‡jv
Qwei wb‡P KviI bvg †bB| G evey‡ì bvg KvUv coj Kx †`v‡l? bvg wK gy‡Q †djv n‡q‡Q? KvD‡K †h wR‡Ám
Kie, †m my‡hvMI †bB| Rv`yN‡i MvBW †bB, Av‡Q e›`yKavix `v‡ivqvb|
Avgiv G Qwe¸‡jv †`L‡Z †`L‡Z `y-wZbUv wRwbm j¶ Kwi| GLv‡b †hme evey ev be¨ mv‡n‡ei Qwe †`LwQ, Zv
`y‡Uv cÖavb fv‡M wef³| mevB ivRv †m‡R‡Qb| †gvMj Avi Bs‡iR ivRv‡ì wgkÖ‡Y ˆZwi n‡q‡Q Zuv‡ì †cvkvK-
AvkvK| e¨wZµg `yRb| GK. gnwl© †`‡e›`Öbv_, Ab¨Rb Zuvi Kwbô cyÎ iex›`Öbv_| G `yR‡bi Mv‡q †Mi“qv
†cvkvK, Avj‡Ljv| evwK‡ì myÜ, †KvZ©v, cvMwoÑGB me| iex›`Öbv‡_i †kvevi N‡i †mvbvwj i‡Oi †h
Avj‡Ljv †`‡L G‡mwQjvg, GLv‡b †mB †cvkv‡Ki GKUv Qwe| wKš‘ A‡bK †Póv K‡iI wPÎKi‡ì bvg D×vi
Ki‡Z cvijvg bv| Avgvi g‡b nq, bM` Kwo wb‡q wPÎK‡iiv ZwoNwo P‡j †M‡Qb| wb‡Ri bvgUzKz †i‡L hvIqvi
cÖ‡qvRbUzKzI Zuviv †eva K‡ibwb| wKsev Cmv Avwdw›ì g‡Zv mvnm K‡ibwb ZvRgn‡ji Qv‡ì Ici M¤^y‡Ri
Zjvq wb‡Ri †Kv‡bv ¯^v¶i †i‡L †h‡Z|
ivRcyÎ ØviKvbv_!
VvKzievUxi cÖvq cy‡iv PZ¡i Ny‡i GB cÖ_g †cjvg ØviKvbv‡_i †`Lv| febwUi bvg Ôgnwl© febÕ| Zuvi cyÎ
†`‡e›`Öbv‡_i bv‡g| ØviKvbv_ wb‡Ri UvKvq G Rwg`vievwo evbv‡jI †Kb wZwb D‡cw¶Z? Zuvi bv‡g †Kb bq G
evwoi bvg? evwowU wVK K‡e cÖwZwôZ n‡qwQj, †m ZvwiL †Kv_vI cvB bv| Z‡e 1823 mv‡ji 11 wW‡m¤î
ØviKvbv_ G evwo‡Z Bs‡iR‡ì wb‡q ÔnvDm Iqvwg©sÕ cvwU© w`‡qwQ‡jb| 20 wW‡m¤^‡ii msev`c‡Î hLb Zv Qvcv
nq, ZLb †_‡KB Zuvi evwomsjMœ MwjwU‡K wcÖÝ ØviKvbv_ VvKzi †jb wn‡m‡e D‡jL Kiv n‡Z _v‡K| Zuvi bv‡gi
Av‡M ÔwcÖÝÕ kãwU hy³ n‡jI wZwb †Kv‡bv ivRcyÎ wQ‡jb bv| Zey weªwUk‡ì m‡½ IVvemv, ivRcy‡Îi g‡Zv
PvjPjb †`‡L Bsj¨v‡Û _vKvi mgq Zuv‡K ¯^‡`wk‡ì †KD †KD ÔwcÖÝÕ bv‡g WvK‡Zb| KjKvZvq Avmvi ciI Zuvi
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bv‡gi cy‡ivfv‡M ÔwcÖÝÕ kãUv Awe‡”Q`¨ n‡q hvq| gvby‡li gy‡L gy‡L wdi‡Z _v‡K| ØviKvbv_ m¤ú‡K© ivRbvivqY
emy wj‡LwQ‡jb, ÔØviKvbv_ VvKzi wejv‡Z ivRKxq Vv‡U _vwK‡Zb| †mLvbKvi †jv‡Kiv Zuvnv‡K Prince
Dwarkanath Tagore ewjqv WvwKZ| gnvivYx wf‡±vwiqvi wbKU Zuvnvi AmvaviY cÖwZcwË nBqvwQj| wZwb
G‡Kev‡i ØviKvbv_ VvKz‡i †gvwnZ nBqvwQ‡jb ewj‡j AZz¨w³ nq bv| wZwb gnvivYx‡K beiZœ Aj¼vi I A‡bK
eûg~j¨ Dcnvi w`qvwQ‡jb|Õ
e¯‘Z GB VvKzievwoi c~e©cyi“‡liv KjKvZvi BwZnv‡mi m‡½ bvbvfv‡eB hy³| †h mg‡q Zuv‡ì KjKvZvq
Avmv, Bs‡iR‡ìI AvMgb cÖvq GKB mg‡q Av¸wcQy K‡i| Avevi KjKvZvi Rš§ hLb fvi‡Zi ivRavbx wn‡m‡e,
Zvi Lye KvQvKvwQ mg‡q G cwiev‡ii me‡P‡q Hk¦h©gq cyi“lwUiI Rš§| †h mg‡q ØviKvbv‡_i (1794) Rš§,
ej‡Z †M‡j †m mgq †_‡KB fviZe‡l© Bs‡iR-nvIqv wfbœ iK‡g eB‡Z ïi“ K‡iwQj| †mÖd eëmv Ki‡Z Avmv
Bs‡iR †ewbqvi `j Aa©kZvãxi gv_vq beve‡K nwU‡q wb‡Riv kvmb¶gZv `Lj K‡i e‡m| ZviI Aa©kZvãxi
gv_vq, G‡K G‡K Ruv`‡ij Bs‡iR kvm‡Kiv GB KjKvZvq G‡m B÷-BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi n‡q fviZ kvmb Ki‡Z
_v‡K| †h mgqUv‡K Bs‡iR‡ì ivR¨ weKvk I cÖmv‡ii m~PbvKvj e‡j AwfwnZ, †miKg GKUv mg‡qB Rš§ †bb
ØviKvbv_ VvKzi| †Rvovmuv‡Kvq †h bxjgwY VvKzi evwo evwb‡q emevm ïi“ K‡iwQ‡jb, Zuvi cyÎ ivg‡jvP‡bi `ËK
wn‡m‡eB wZwb †e‡o I‡Vb| ivg‡jvPb ØviKvbv‡_i Avcb PvPv| wb‡R wbtmš—vb wQ‡jb e‡j fvB‡qi †Q‡j‡K
`ËK wb‡q Zuv‡KB m¤úwËi DËivwaKvix K‡i hvb wZwb|
ØviKvbv_ †QvU‡ejv †_‡KB AZ¨š— weP¶Y wQ‡jb| wZwb Rvb‡Zb †h Zuvi c~e©cyi“‡liv D”Pe‡Y©i eªvþY‡ì
m‡½ wVKg‡Zv †gjv‡gkv I AvÍxqZv Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb bv| ¯^‡`wk VvKz‡iiv hLb Zuv‡K wVKg‡Zv cvËv w`w”Qj bv, ZLb
wZwb we‡`wk VvKz‡ii kiYvcbœ nb|
ievU© ¸Ujvi dv¸©mb bv‡gi GKRb weªwUk AvBbRxexi Aax‡b wk¶vbwek wn‡m‡e ØviKvbv_ wPi¯’vqx e‡›`ve¯—-
m¤úwK©Z AvBb, KjKvZv mywcÖg †KvU©, mì I †Rjv Av`vj‡Zi hveZxq AvBb Ges Kvh©cÖYvwj wel‡q cov‡kvbv
K‡ib| 1815 mv‡j wZwb AvBbeëmv ïi“ K‡ib| AwP‡iB wZwb cvjK wcZv ivg‡jvP‡bi KvQ †_‡K
DËivwaKvim~‡Î cvIqv Rwg`vwii mxgvbv evov‡bvi Kv‡R nvZ †`b| 1830 mv‡j ØviKvbv_ ivRkvnx †Rjvi
KvjxMÖv‡gi Rwg`vwi Ges 1834 mv‡j cvebvi kvnRv`cy‡ii Rwg`vwi wbjv‡g wK‡b †bb|
Bs‡iR‡ì m‡½ mym¤úK©, g¨vwKbUk A¨vÛ †Kv¤úvwbi m‡½ †hŠ_ evwYR¨ I BDwbqb e¨vs‡Ki Askx`vwi
ØviKvbv_‡K Zuv‡ì Kv‡Q GwjU evOvwj wn‡m‡e MY¨ K‡i †Zv‡j| 1835 mv‡j Bs‡iR miKv‡ii c¶ †_‡K
ØviKvbv_‡K m¤§vbm~PK ÔRvw÷m Ae wcmÕ Dcvwa †Ìqv nq| weªwUk miKv‡ii KvQ †_‡K GUvB wQj †Kv‡bv
fviZx‡qi cvIqv cÖ_g Dcvwa| 1840 mv‡ji g‡a¨ ØviKvbv_ Zuvi g~jabx Kviev‡i mvd‡jï wkL‡i I‡Vb| wZwb
RvnvR eëmv, ißvwb-evwYR¨, wegv, e¨vswKs, KqjvLwb, bxj Pvl, kn‡ii M„nvqY cÖKí Ges Rwg`vwi Zvjy‡K A_©
wewb‡qvM K‡ib| Zuvi eëmvi Z`viK Kivi Rb¨ wZwb K‡qKRb BD‡ivcxq g¨v‡bRviI wbhy³ K‡ib|
BD‡ivcxq I ¯^‡`wk eÜz‡ì Drmv‡n cÖvwYZ n‡q ØviKvbv_ VvKzi Zuvi eÜz I `vk©wbK ivRv ivg‡gvnb iv‡qi
g‡Zv weª‡Ub hvIqvi wm×vš— MÖnY K‡ib| 1842 mv‡ji 9 Rvbyqvwi wZwb wbR¯^ w÷gvi Ôw` BwÛqvÕ-†hv‡M my‡q‡Ri
c‡_ hvÎv K‡ib|
weªwUk‡ì ms¯ú‡k© G‡m ØviKvbv_ wfbœ ai‡bi AwfRvZ Rxebhvc‡b Af¨¯— n‡q c‡ob| Bs‡iR‡ì g‡Zv
ÔcvwU© KvjPviÕ-Gi m~Pbv K‡ib †Rvovmuv‡Kvi evwo‡Z| GLv‡bB Zuvi A‡bK¸‡jv evwo wQj| GKwU evMvbevwo wQj
ïay †gŠR-gvw¯—i Rb¨| GLb †hwU wcÖÝ ØviKvbv_ VvKzi †jb, †mLv‡bB 40wUi g‡Zv Ni wQj Zuvi, †hLv‡b
evBwRiv fvov _vKZ| †mme evwo‡Z bvP-Mvb n‡Zv| n‡Zv †ek¨ve„wËI|
wKš‘ nVvr K‡i dz‡j‡du‡c IVv †h DVwZ Rwg`vwi, ØviKvbv_ Lye †ewk w`b Zv RuvKRg‡Ki m‡½ a‡i ivL‡Z
cv‡ibwb| Zuvi †h Qwe †`Lv hvq, †mw`‡K †PvL eywj‡q Zuv‡K h‡_ó DobPwÊ Rwg`vi e‡jB g‡b nq| G ai‡bi
†fvMwejvmx‡ì m¤ú` †ewk w`b _v‡K bv| Dwbk kZ‡Ki Pwj‡ki `k‡Ki †Mvovi w`K †_‡K Zuvi AatcZb
ïi“ n‡q hvq| 1846 mv‡j jÛ‡b wKQyKvj †ivM‡fv‡Mi ci Zuvi Rxebvemvb N‡U| Zuv‡K mgvwnZ Kiv nq
jÛ‡bi †KbmvB wMÖb wm‡gwUª‡Z| †m mgq A‡bK †ewk fviZxq Bsj¨v‡Û wQ‡jb bv| g„Zzï Pvi w`b ci 1846
mv‡ji 5 AvM÷ †Kv‡bv ag©xq AvbyôvwbKZv QvovB Zuv‡K mgvwnZ Kiv nq| Zuvi Av‡M Zuvi A‡¯¿vcPvi K‡i g„Z‡`n
†_‡K nƒrwcÊwU †ei K‡i G‡b ei‡di cv‡Î Rvnv‡R Zz‡j †Ìqv nq, hv‡Z KjKvZvq eªvþag©vPvi g‡Z Zuvi
†klK…Z¨ m¤úbœ Kiv hvq| G wb‡q A‡bK weZK©I n‡qwQj †m mgq| ivRbvivqY emy wj‡LwQ‡jb, ÔZuvnvi hLb g„Zz¨
nq, ZLb cÖvq GK †µvo UvKv †`bv Avi cÖvq 40 j¶ UvKvi gvÎ welq ivwLqv hvb| Zuvnvi g„Zzï AeëwnZ c‡i
Carr, Tagore and Co. bvgK Zuvnvi weL¨vZ †nŠm †`Dwjqv nBj| †`‡e›`Öevey mKj gnvRb‡K WvKvBqv mg¯—
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Ae¯’v Lywjqv ewj‡jb| Zuvnvi AmvaviY mijZv‡Z mK‡jB gy» nBj| wZwb †`bv †kv‡ai †hiƒc e‡›`ve¯— cÖ¯—ve
Kwi‡jb Zvnv‡ZB Zvnviv m¤§Z nBj| m¤ú‡K© LyjZvZ cÖmbœKzgvi VvKzi KZevi Zuvnvi AwaKvsk welq m¤^‡Ü
Insolvent Av`vj‡Z AvkÖq jB‡Z civgk© w`qvwQ‡jb| KZevi wZwb Zuvnvi wbKU nB‡Z Avwmqv Avgvw`M‡K
ewj‡Zb †h, ÒLyov gnvkq Avgv‡K welq †ebvgx Kwiqv insolvence jB‡Z ewj‡Z‡Qb wKš‘ Avwg Zvnv KLb jBe
bv|Ó Zuvnvi wcZvi g„Zzï ci †`‡e›`Öevey GKev‡i nVvr AZ¨š— cwiwgZvPvix nB‡jb| cÖwZw`b Pe© †Pvl¨ †jn¨
†cq c„w_exi hveZxq Dcv‡`q Lv`¨`ªe¨ c~wiZ †Uwe‡ji cwie‡Z© div‡mi Dci ewmqv †Kej i“wU Wvj f¶Y
awi‡jb| †`‡e›`Öevey †Uwe‡j Lvev‡ii mgq GKUz GKUz myivcvb Kwi‡Zb| GB mgq nB‡Z Zvnv wPiKv‡ji gZb
cwiZ¨vM K‡ib|Õ
†`‡e›`Öbv_-iex›`Öbv‡_i m‡½ AvPvi-AvPi‡Yi †Kv‡bv wKQy‡ZB ØviKvbv‡_i wgj cvB bv| †m bv nq bv-B
†cjvg, wKš‘ iex›`Öbv_ Zuvi †Kv‡bv †jLv‡ZI †h VvKzi`vi Lye cÖksmv K‡i‡Qb, Ggb wKQyI Avgvi cov nqwb| eis
ï‡bwQ, wcZvg‡ni g„Zzï eQi wZwi‡kK ci we‡jZ wM‡qI wZwb wcZvg‡ni mgvwawU †`Lvi B”Qv cÖKvk K‡ibwb|
we‡j‡Z wZwb †gvU AvUevi wM‡q‡Qb, wKš‘ ØviKvbv‡_i Kei †`L‡Z hvbwb KL‡bvB|
iex›`Öbv_ weªwUk‡ì Avkxe©v`cyó †_‡K Rxe‡bi †ewki fvM mgq KvUv‡jI GKmgq weªwUkwe‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡b
†hvM †`b, cÖZ¨vnvi K‡ib weªwUk‡ì †Ìqv ÔbvBUÕ Dcvwa| Bs‡iR‡ì †cvkvK aviY Kiv wb‡qI wZi¯‹vi
K‡i‡Qb|
wcÖÝ ØviKvbv‡_i g„Zzï ci Rwg`vwi Av‡m cyÎ †`‡e›`Öbv‡_i Kv‡Q, huvi bv‡g GLb †Rvovmuv‡Kvi GB Ôgnwl©
febÕ|
VvKzievUxi gnwl©
iex›`Öbv‡_i wcZv Ges wcZvgnÑG `yR‡bi †cv‡Uª©U †`L‡jB Zuv‡ì PvwiwÎK ¸Yvewji GKUv Zzjbvg~jK wPÎ cvIqv
hvq| bv‡gi wePv‡iI `yRb †ek Avjv`v| wcZvg‡ni bv‡gi Av‡M eënƒZ nq ÔwcÖÝÕ Avi wcZvi bv‡gi Av‡M
Ôgnwl©Õ (gnv+Fwl)| GB gnwl© †`‡e›`Öbv‡_i Rš§I †Rvovmuv‡Kvi evwo‡Z| 1817 mv‡j| 1823 mv‡j hw` VvKzi
`vjv‡bi Øv‡iv`&NvUb n‡q _v‡K, Z‡e wbðqB GB `vjvbNiwU evbv‡bvi Av‡Mi evwo‡Z Zuvi Rš§ n‡qwQj| wcZvi
g„Zzï †ek Av‡M †_‡KB Rwg`vwi Zuvi Kv‡Q P‡j Av‡m| wKš‘ wZwb hZ bv Zuvi Rwg`vwi wb‡q wQ‡jb, Zvi †P‡q
A‡bK †ewk e¨vc„Z wQ‡jb ag©ZË¡ wb‡q M‡elYvq| Fwl gvbwmKZvi GB gvbylwU eªvþag© cÖPvi Ki‡Zb, `vk©wbKI
wQ‡jb wZwb| †QvU‡ejvq GB VvKzievwo‡ZB Zuvi cov‡kvbvi nv‡ZLwo| 10 eQi eq‡m wcZvi eÜz ivRv ivg‡gvnb
ivq cÖwZwôZ A¨vs‡jv wn›`y K‡j‡R fwZ© nb| †mLv‡b wKQyKvj cov‡kvbvi ci wZwb wcZvi welqm¤úwË I eëmv
†`Lv‡kvbvi cvkvcvwk `k©b I ag©PP©v ïi“ K‡ib| 1838 mv‡j wcZvg‡ni g„Zz¨Kv‡j Zuvi gvbwmK cwieZ©b N‡U|
wZwb ag© wel‡q AvMÖnx n‡q gnvfviZ, Dcwbl`, cÖvP¨-cvðvZ¨ `k©bmn wewfbœ wel‡q Aa¨qb ïi“ K‡ib| d‡j
cvw_©e wel‡qi cÖwZ wZwb AvMÖn nvwi‡q †d‡jb|
†`‡e›`Öbv_ c~Rv-cve©Yvw` eÜ K‡i gvN Drme, beel©, `x¶v w`b BZ¨vw` Drme cÖeZ©b K‡ib| 1867 mv‡j
wZwb exif‚‡g fzebWv½v bv‡g GKwU wekvj f‚LÊ wK‡b AvkÖg ¯’vcb K‡ib| bvg †`b Ôkvwš—wb‡KZbÕ| wKQyw`b
wZwb ivRbxwZi m‡½ mwµqfv‡e hy³ wQ‡jb| 1851 mv‡ji 31 A‡±vei weªwUk BwÛqvb A¨v‡mvwm‡qkb ¯’vwcZ n‡j
wZwb Zvi m¤úv`K wbhy³ nb| wZwb `wi`ª MÖvgevmx‡ì †PŠwK`vwi Ki gIKz‡di Rb¨ AvcÖvY †Póv K‡ib Ges
fvi‡Zi ¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vwemsewjZ GKwU cÎ weªwUk cvj©v‡g‡›U †cÖiY K‡ib| wZwb weaevweevn cÖPj‡b Drmvnx
wQ‡jb, Z‡e evj¨ I eûweev‡ni we‡ivax wQ‡jb| †Rvovmuv‡Kvi GB evwo‡ZB g„ZzëiY K‡ib wZwb, 1905 mv‡j|
Avgiv VvKzievwoi wPÎkvjvi Ni †_‡K †ewi‡q eviv›`vq Avwm| c‡ii N‡i XzK‡ZB †Pv‡L c‡o GKUv
mvBb‡evW©| †jLv, Ô¯§iYxq eiYxqÕ| G N‡i Ávb`vbw›`bxi GKUv d‡Uv †`‡LwQjvg K‡qK gvm Av‡M, 2014
mv‡ji AvM‡÷| ÔmyePbÕ-Gi †mv‡nj Avgv‡K wR‡Ám K‡iwQj, Ávb`vbw›`bxi Ni wK GUv? Zvn‡j Kv`¤îxi Ni
†KvbUv wQj? iex›`Öbv_ ZLb †Kvb N‡i _vK‡Zb? iÄb e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi ÔKv`¤îx †èxi myBmvBW †bvUÕ-G †h
Qv‡ì K_v K‡qKevi †jLv n‡q‡Q, †Kv_vq †mB †ZZjvi Qv`wUÑPjyb, †mwU GKUzLvwb †`‡L Avwm| †hLv‡b evMvb
Kiv n‡Zv, †SvcSvo wQj, Avovj wQjÑRvqMvUvi eY©bv Ggb| Avwg ewj, IUv †Zv Dcb¨v‡mi K_v| †mv‡nj
Avgvi K_vq fimv cvq bv| Avwg Zv‡ì wb‡q eviv›`vq G‡m ùvovB|
VvKzievwoi wekvj `vjvb| eo eo K¬vmi“‡gi g‡Zv mvwi mvwi Ni| G ai‡bi N‡ii web¨vm gvbyl‡K GKN‡i
K‡i iv‡L| Avgv‡ì MÖvgxY ms¯‹…wZ‡Z Ni¸‡jv Ggb K‡i evbv‡bv †h, `yqvi †V‡j Ni †_‡K †ei n‡jB Ab¨ N‡ii
evwm›`vi gy‡LvgywL n‡Z nq| gyL-†`Lv‡`wL ev `„wówewbg‡qi gva¨‡g m¤úK© cÖMvp nq| ivRv-ev`kvi G ai‡bi
12
KzwV¸‡jv LyeB AvÍ‡Kw›`ÖK| GLv‡b †h hvi g‡Zv _vK‡e| Ni †_‡K †ewi‡qB Uvbv eviv›`v| †mB eviv›`vq ùvwo‡q ev
†iwjs‡q †njvb w`‡q hLb hZUzKz m¤¢e, wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ Avjvc-Av‡jvPbv Kiv, UzKUvK K_vevZ©v ejvÑGB hv|
Gevi Avgiv eviv›`vq G‡m ùvovB| GLvb †_‡K ¯úó †`Lv hvq VvKzievUxi A›ìgn‡ji ìRv| †mv‡nj e‡j,
ÔAv”Qv kvKzi fvB, Kv`¤îxi evev †Zv wQ‡jb GB evwoi evRvi miKvi| wZwb bvwK †fZievwo‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z
cvi‡Zb bv? evRvi-mI`v IB †M‡Ui Kv‡Q `v‡ivqv‡bi Kv‡Q †i‡L †h‡Zb, ZvB bv?Õ †mv‡nj †`vZjv †_‡K AvOzj
Zz‡j †`Lvq| Ii AvOz‡ji wb‡`©k AbymiY K‡i †`wL, wbPZjvq mi“ cÖ‡ekc‡_i gy‡L jvwV nv‡Z GKRb `v‡ivqvb
cywjwk †cvkvK c‡i wSgy‡”Q|
wPÎv †`‡ei VvKzievwoi A›ì gnj eBwU‡Z GB evwoi KZ igYxi KZ MíB bv c‡owQ! GB VvKzievwoi
me‡P‡q KZ…©Z¡gqx igYx wQ‡jb Ávb`vbw›`bx| GB gnxqmx bvixi Kv‡Q AvR‡Ki KjKvZvi AvaywbK evOvwj
jjbv‡ì F‡Yi †kl †bB| ejv n‡q _v‡K, GB Ávb`vbw›`bxB evOvwj bvix‡ì AvaywbK Kvq`vq kvwo civ‡Z
wkwL‡qwQ‡jb| VvKzievwoi eD‡ì kvwo civi aibwU d¨vkb n‡q I‡V Ebwesk kZvãxi †kl w`‡K Ges †mUv
Ávb`vbw›`bx †èxiB Kj¨v‡Y| ¯^vgxi Kg©¯’j †ev¤^vB _vKvKv‡j wZwb bvbv iKg cix¶v-wbix¶vi ci kvwo I
evD‡Ri bgybvi bvbv iKg cwieZ©b K‡ib| ¸RivwU †g‡qiv †hfv‡e kvwo c‡i, Zvi wKQy cwieZ©b NwU‡q Wvb
Kuv‡ai e`‡j evg Kuv‡a AuvPj †Ìqv Ges kvwo civi cÖPwjZ †h aibwU Avgiv AvR‡Ki w`‡b evOvwj wn›`y-
gymjgvb †g‡q‡ì g‡a¨ †`wL, Zv Ávb`vbw›`bxiB Avwe®‹vi| kvwoi wb‡P mvqv, †mwgR, evDR civi PjwUI
Ávb`vbw›`bxB Awef³ evsjvq cÖeZ©b K‡iwQ‡jb| Ávb`vbw›`bx GKvB wM‡qwQ‡jb Zuvi wkïmš—vb‡ì wb‡q
we‡j‡Z| †m hy‡M GB KvRwU Lye mnR wQj bv| wZwb we‡jZ †_‡K wd‡i wb‡Ri †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì Rš§w`b cvj‡bi
ga¨ w`‡q BD‡ivcxq cÖ_vwU wb‡Ri cwiev‡i cÖ_g cÖPjb K‡ib| †mLvb †_‡K evsjvq Qwo‡q c‡o Rš§w`b cvjb
Kivi AvbyôvwbK cÖ_vwU| Ávb`vbw›`bxi Drmv‡nB cÖ_g iex›`Öbv‡_i Rš§w`b cvwjZ nq m‡Z¨›`Öbv_ VvKz‡ii 49
b¤î cvK© w÷ª‡Ui evwo‡Z| cwÎKv cÖKvk, cÖeÜ iPbv, iƒcK_v‡K bvUïƒc †Ìqv, Awfbq KivÑGme Kv‡RI
Ávb`vbw›`bx cvi`wk©Zv †`wL‡qwQ‡jb| †R¨vwZwi›`Öbv_ †h A‡bK †ewk Abyi³ wQ‡jb eo fvB m‡Z¨›`Öbv‡_i ¯¿x
GB Ávb`vbw›`bxi cÖwZÑGgb A‡bK K_v Rvbv hvq bvbv iK‡gi †jLv †_‡K| GKmgq wZwb MÖ vgxY GjvKv e‡j
DËi KjKvZvi GB †Rvovmuv‡Kv MÖvg †Q‡o ga¨-KjKvZvi AwfRvZ GjvKv cvK© w÷ª‡U evwo K‡i P‡j hvb| cvK©
w÷ª‡Ui G evwo‡Z †R¨vwZwi›`Ö hLb Ávb`vi m‡½ mgq KvUv‡Zb, ZLb Zuvi ¯¿x Kv`¤îxi mgq KvUZ cÖwZfvevb
wK‡kvi Kwe iex›`Öbv‡_i m‡½| VvKzievwoi eD‡ì wb‡q KZ iK‡gi K_vB bv Pvjy Av‡Q!
iex›`Öbv_ Zuvi R‡š§i ci †_‡K c‡b‡iv-†lv‡jv eQi eqm ch©š— GB VvKzievwo‡Z wQ‡jb| Zuvi †Q‡j‡ejvi †h
eY©bv c‡owQ, Zv‡Z GKUv cyKzi wQj evwoi cv‡k, Nb ebR½j wQj, MvQMvQvwj wQj| gvby‡li emwZ Lye †ewk wQj
bv| WvKNi-Gi Ag‡ji g‡Zv GKUv wbtm½ ˆkke nq‡Zv Zuvi wQj †Rvovmuv‡Kvi GB evwo‡Z, hZ w`b ch©š — bv
Zuvi †_‡K `yeQ‡ii eo bZzb eDVvb G evwoi eD n‡q Av‡mb| Gici bZzb`vi m‡½ cvjv K‡i †Rvovmuv‡Kvi
evB‡i †ek Kq eQi KvUvb| m‡Z‡iv eQi eq‡m we‡jZ P‡j hvb| Dwbk eQi eq‡m †diZ G‡m †Rvovmuv‡Kv bq,
bZzb`vi fvov evwo‡Z G‡m I‡Vb| Z‡e Zuvi 22 eQi eq‡m hLb wZwb we‡q K‡ib, ZLb †Rvovmuv‡Kvi GB
VvKzievwo‡ZB wQ‡jb| Zuvi we‡qi 4 gv‡mi gv_vq Zuvi bZzb eDVvb AvÍnZ¨v K‡ib| VvKzievwoi me‡P‡q Av‡jvob
m„wóKvix GB NUbvwU N‡U GB evwo‡ZB|
iex›`Öbv‡_i bZzb eDVv‡bi NiwU †Kv_vq wQj, Avgiv Luy‡R †ei Ki‡Z cvwi bv| iÄb e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi Dcb¨v‡m
c‡owQ, †ZZjvi N‡i wZwb Avwdg †L‡qwQ‡jb| †m Ni †KvbwU wQj? Rv`yN‡i †hme `v‡ivqvb ùvov‡bv, Zv‡ì
wR‡Ám Kiv †evKvwg| Avgiv †h N‡i wUwKU †K‡U D‡VwQjvg, †m N‡ii cv‡k cye -cwðggy‡Lv †h `vjvb, ZviB
†`vZjvi †cQb w`‡K GKUv †QvÆ Ni †`‡LwQjvg| †mLv‡b †jLv wQj, IB NiwU wQj iex›`Öbv‡_i ¯¿x g„Yvwjbxi|
wKš‘ iex›`Öbv‡_i Ni †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q `y‡Uv| †h N‡i wZwb _vK‡Zb Avi †hwU‡Z wZwb g„ZzëiY K‡ib, †m `ywU Ni|
Avgiv Kv`¤îxi Ni †LuvRvi †Póv Kwi| wKš‘ Luy‡R cvB bv|
GB wekvj cwiev‡ii ivbœvNi KqwU wQj? iex›`Öbv_ Zuvi †Q‡j‡ejvq wj‡L‡Qb, GKUv N‡iB ivbœv n‡Zv mevi|
wKš‘ Ávb`v, Kv`¤îx, g„Yvwjbx wZb eD-B wK GK N‡i iuva‡Zb? nIqvi K_v bq| G wZbR‡bi g‡a¨ wgj wQj bv|
Avgiv g„Yvwjbxi ivbœvNi Luy‡R cvB, evwK‡ìUv cvB bv|
Kv`¤îx †èx †R¨vwZwi›`Öbv‡_i ¯¿x, iex›`Öbv‡_i bZzb eDVvb| iex›`Ögvbm MV‡b GB Amvgvb¨ bvixi Ae`vb
¯§iYxq| A‡b‡K g‡b K‡ib, iex›`Öbv‡_i Kwe n‡q IVvi Avš—wiK †Póvi g~‡j wQ‡jb Kv`¤îx| Kv`¤îxi cÖavb
cwiPq wZwb AmvaviY mvwnZ¨‡cÖgx wQ‡jb| fviZx cwÎKv wb‡qI Zuvi fvebv wQj| fviZx cwÎKvq Qvcvi ni‡d
Zuvi bvg †bB mZ¨; wKš‘ wZwbB wQ‡jb IB cwÎKvi cÖvY| Zuvi †g‡Rv eDVv‡bi g‡Zv ¯§vU© evbv‡ZI †P‡qwQ‡jb
13
wb‡Ri ¯¿x‡K| wZwb Kv`¤îx‡K †Nvovq Pov wkwL‡qwQ‡jb| Kv`¤îx ¯^vgxi m‡½ †Nvovq P‡o M‡oi gv‡V †h‡Zb| G
Qvov wZwb msmvix KvRÑ†hgb mycywi KvUv, ZiKvwi KvUv, evwoi †QvU †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì †`Lv‡kvbv Kivi cvkvcvwk
wZbZjvi Qv‡` b›`bKvbbI M‡o †Zv‡jb, †hLv‡b emZ wbqwgZ mvwnZ¨ AvÇv| †Rvovmuv‡Kvi evwo‡Z wbqwgZ †h
bvUK gÂvwqZ n‡Zv, Zv‡ZI cÖavb f‚wgKvq Awfbq K‡i Kv`¤îx L¨vwZ jvf K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb Awfb‡qi cvkvcvwk
Mvb PP©viI Abykxjb K‡iwQ‡jb| wKš‘ †Kv_vq †mB †ZZjvi b›`bKvbb? IUv wK Zvjv †g‡i AvUKv‡bv? Avgv‡ì
my‡hvM †bB †mme wKQy †`Lvi|
Kv`¤îxi AvÍnZ¨v wb‡q †jLv Dcb¨vm h‡_ó evRvi-KvUwZ n‡q‡Q| Z‡e GUvI Avgvi †kvbv K_v †h, Kv`¤îx
g„Zzï Av‡M mwZ¨ mwZ¨B GKUv †bvU wj‡LwQ‡jb| g„Zzï ciciB gnwl©i wb‡`©‡k Zuvi mg¯— AvjvgZ bó K‡i
†djv nq| Avmj †bvUUv nq‡Zv †`‡e›`Öbv_ VvKziB c‡owQ‡jb| wZwbB †Kej ej‡Z cvi‡eb, bKj myBmvBW †bvU
GLb KZUv iwÄZ|
VvKzievwoi eD‡ì g‡a¨ Av‡jvwPZ gwnjv GB wZbRbBÑÁvb`vbw›`bx, Kv`¤îx Avi g„Yvwjbx| g„Yvwjbx †èx
iex›`Öbv‡_i ¯¿x| †`‡e›`Öbv‡_i wb‡`©‡k evwoi †QvU †QvU †g‡qi m‡½ g„Yvwjbx‡KI fwZ© Kiv n‡qwQj j‡i‡Uv
nvD‡m| Bs‡iwR †kLv, wcqv‡bv evRv‡bv, VvKzievwoi Avè-Kvq`v, evPbfw½ †kLv‡bvi fvi c‡owQj †m‡Rv Rv
bxcgqxi nv‡Z| evwo‡Z ms¯‹…Z †kLv‡bvi Rb¨ M„nwk¶K wbhy³ n‡qwQ‡jb Avw` eªvþmgv‡Ri AvPvh© cwÊZ
†ngP›`Ö we`¨viZœ| cieZ©xKv‡j g„Yvwjbx ivgvqY Abyev` K‡i‡Qb, iex›`Öbv‡_i wb‡`©‡k msMÖn K‡i‡Qb iƒcK_v,
evwoi Ab¨ †g‡q-eD‡ì m‡½ AwfbqI K‡i‡Qb|
Gu‡ì QvovI †Rvovmuv‡Kvi GB VvKzievwoi Ab¨‡ì Ae`vb‡K †Kv‡bv A‡_©B †QvU K‡i †`Lv hvq bv|
iex›`Öbv‡_i w`w` ¯^Y©Kzgvix †èx evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g mv_©K Jcb¨vwmK| wZwb Kwe, Jcb¨vwmK, MxwZKvi, cwÎKv
m¤úv`K, mgvR‡mex I cÖLi e¨w³‡Z¡i AwaKvwiYx e‡j L¨vwZ I cÖwZôv jvf K‡iwQ‡jb|
iex›`Öbv‡_i Aci eo fvB m‡Z¨›`Öbv_ VvKzi wQ‡jb cÖ_g fviZxq AvBwmGm Awdmvi Ges evsjvi ¯¿x-
¯^vaxbZvi cw_K…r| m‡Z¨›`Öbv‡_i m‡½ hLb we‡q nq, Ávb`vbw›`bxi eqm ZLb 7| GB Ávb`vbw›`bx cieZ©x
mg‡q VvKzievwoi A›ìgn‡ji wbqš¿K nb| Gu‡ì evB‡iI we`¨vwk¶v I wkí-mvwn‡Z¨ GB VvKzievwoi wS‡ì
A‡b‡KB wQ‡jb GwM‡q| Dwbk kZ‡Ki gvSvgvwS mgq †_‡K evOvwj beRvMi‡Yi †h †Rvqvi G‡mwQj, Zv‡Z
gwnjv A½‡b G evwoi †g‡q‡ì A‡b‡KB Zuvi cw_K…r wQ‡jb|
iex›`Öbv‡_i fvMwb mijv †èx n‡jb †`‡e›`Öbv_ VvKz‡ii Kb¨v ¯^Y©Kzgvix †èx| wZwb fvi‡Zi RvZxq Ks‡MÖ‡mi
Ab¨Zg cÖwZôvZv RvbKxbv_ †Nvlv‡ji Kb¨v| †e_yb K‡jR †_‡K wZwb Bs‡iwR‡Z Abvm©mn weG cvm K‡ib 17
eQi eq‡m| †g‡q‡ì g‡a¨ m‡e©v”P b¤î †c‡q mijv wek¦we`¨vj‡q ÔcÙveZx ¯^Y©c`KÕ jvf K‡ib| iex›`Öbv‡_i
†jLv A‡bK Mv‡bi evYx‡Z wZwb †Kej myiB †`bwb, ¯§iwjwcI K‡i‡Qb|
m‡Z¨›`Öbv_ I Ávb`vbw›`bx †èxi Kb¨v Bw›ìv †èx| iex›`Öbv‡_i AwZ Av`‡ii fvBwS| KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq
†_‡K †g‡q‡ì g‡a¨ wZwbI cÖ_g ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡i ÔcÙveZx ¯^Y©c`KÕ cvb| Bs‡iwR fvlv I mvwn‡Z¨
QvÎQvÎx‡ì g‡a¨ wZwb cÖ_g ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡ib| msMxZcÖwZfv wb‡q R‡š§wQ‡jb wZwb| KÉ Ges hš¿ÑDfq avivi
msMx‡ZB wQj Zuvi `¶Zv| iex›`Öbv‡_i Mv‡bi ¯îwjwc Kivi Rb¨ wZwb we‡klfv‡e L¨vwZ jvf K‡ib| Bw›ìv
†èx `yB kZvwaK iex›`ÖmsMx‡Zi ¯îwjwc K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi KvQ †_‡K ï‡b iex›`Öbv_ A‡bK wn›`y¯’vwb I `w¶Y
fviZxq Mvb †f‡O myi iPbv K‡i‡Qb| 1956 mv‡j Bw›ìv †èx wek¦fviZxi A¯’vqx DcvPvh© nb| Zuvi iwPZ,
cÖKvwkZ I AcÖKvwkZ ¯§„wZK_v¸‡jv iex›`Öbv‡_i Rxebm¤úwK©Z Z‡_ï Ab¨Zg AvKi| evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ eyw×`xß
†jLK cÖg_ †PŠayixi m‡½ Bw›ìv †èx weevneÜ‡b Ave× nb 26 eQi eq‡m| Zuviv wQ‡jb wbtmš—vb|
Gevi †mB Ô¯§iYxq eiYxqÕ N‡ii mvg‡b G‡m †`wL `yB gvm Av‡M (2014 mv‡ji 3 AvM÷) †`Lv
Ávb`vbw›`bxi QwewU mwi‡q †mLv‡b ivLv n‡q‡Q iex›`Ö-cyÎ kgx›`Öbv‡_i GKUv Qwe| wb‡P †jLv, ÔAvR (31
wW‡m¤î 2014) kgx›`Öbv_ VvKz‡ii 119Zg Rš§w`bÕ| evn! wPš—v Ki‡ZB fv‡jv jv‡M| †h †Q‡j 11 eQi eq‡m
gviv wM‡qwQj, iex›`Öbv‡_i †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi cvIqvi eQi cuv‡PK Av‡M, Zv‡K wb‡q iex›`Öbv‡_i †kvKMv_vi cwigvY
Kg wQj bv| Zvi bv‡g kvwš—wb‡KZ‡b GKUv ¯‹zjI ˆZwi K‡iwQ‡jb iex›`Öbv_, wQj GKUv PZ¡iI| Zuvi g„Zzï
`yw`b ciB m¤¢eZ wZwb wj‡LwQ‡jb †mB weL¨vZ Mvb, ÔAvR †R¨vrøv iv‡Z mevB †M‡Q e‡bÕ|
evjK kgx›`Öbv_ GKUv BwR-†Pqv‡i e‡m Av‡Q, Ggb GKUv Qwe †Zvjv n‡qwQj †mB mgq| †m QweUv‡KB
†`LwQ GLv‡b| Avgiv QweUv †`Lv †k‡l Uvbv KwiWi w`‡q nuvU‡Z nuvU‡Z †Kvbvi N‡ii w`‡K hve, Ggb mgq
bykivZ Kv‡bi Kv‡Q G‡m wdmwdwm‡q e‡j, Ôgvgv, Avwg wKš‘ kgx›`Öbv‡_i G QwewU Zz‡j †d‡jwQ †gvevB‡j| cywjk
14
†`‡L bvB| †Zvgv‡K †è| †dmey‡K IUv AvR‡KB w`‡q `vI| QweUvi wb‡P hv †jLv Av‡Q, †mB †jLvi wb‡P wj‡L
w`‡qv Ôn¨vwc ev_© †W Uz kgx›`Öbv_ÕÑiex›`Öbv‡_i AvÍv Lywk n‡e|
mvg‡b AviI `y‡Uv Ni| GKwU‡Z VvKzi cwiev‡ii eskjwZKv| AciwU‡Z iex›`Öbv‡_i Auv Kv K‡qKUv †cv‡Uª©U|
Ges GB me †cv‡Uª©UB evsjv‡`‡ki wkíx‡ì AuvKv| Gme wkíxi g‡a¨ Av‡Qb KvBqyg †PŠayix, gyZ©Rv ekxi, nv‡kg
Lvb cÖgyL|
VvKzievwoi AuvZzoNi
Avgiv nuvU‡Z nuvU‡Z GKUv N‡ii mvg‡b wM‡q ùvovB| ILv‡b mvBb‡ev‡W© †jLv, VvKzievwoi AuvZzoNi| †evSv hvq,
†cvqvwZ gwnjv‡ì G N‡i G‡b `vB‡ì nv‡Z mš—vb Rš§v‡bvi KvRwU Kiv n‡Zv| †QvÆ GKwU Ni| ìRv eÜ K‡i
w`‡j AÜKvi n‡q hvq| Avwg we¯§‡qi m‡½ Abyfe Kwi, iex›`Ö-gvZv GB N‡iB G‡K G‡K †PŠÏwU mš—v‡bi Rš§
w`‡q‡Qb!
gnwl© †`‡e›`Öbv_ wbðqB Rš§wbqš¿‡Yi c‡¶ wQ‡jb bv| Zuvi cÖ_g mš—vb wØ‡R›`Öbv‡_i Rš§ n‡qwQj 1840
mv‡j, mvi`v my›ìx †èxi eqm ZLb 14| 1961 mv‡j iex›`Öbv‡_i Rš§ ch©š — GB 21 eQi mg‡q mvi`v my›ìxi
Mf© †_‡K Rš§ wb‡q‡Q 14wU mš—vb| M‡o cÖwZ †ò eQ‡i GKRb| mvi`v my›ìx †eu‡P wQ‡jb 1875 mvj ch©š —,
wKš‘ Rxe‡bi †kl 14 eQi wZwb Avi †Kv‡bv mš—vb M‡f© aviY K‡ibwb| GB VvKzievwoi eûcÖR GB gnxqmx
bvixi †KvjRy‡o †hme mš—v‡bi Rš§, Zuv‡ì A‡b‡KB A‡bK †¶‡Î KjKvZvi evOvwj‡ì cw_K…r wQ‡jb| Zuv‡ì
†Q‡jcy‡j‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki bv‡gi m‡½ Ôbv_Õ kãwU Ry‡o †Ìqvi PjwU ïi“ n‡qwQj †Lv` ØviKvbv_ †_‡K|
wØ‡R›`Öbv_, m‡Z¨›`Öbv_, †n‡g›`Öbv_, ax‡i›`Öbv_, †R¨vwZwi›`Öbv_, †mv‡g›`Öbv_ †_‡K †kl ch©š — iex›`Öbv_I|
†g‡q‡ì bv‡gi †¶‡Î GKgvÎ eo †g‡q Ô†mŠ`vwgbxÕ Qvov evwK mevi †¶‡Î Kzgvix hy³ wQj| †hgb, myKzgvix,
kirKzgvix, ¯^Y©Kzgvix I eY©Kzgvix| ÔKzgvixÕi c‡i GKUv Ô†èxÕ kãI _v‡K m¤§vbm~PK m‡¤^vab wn‡m‡e| GB
ÔKzgvixÕ bvgwU VvKzi cwiev‡ii Av‡Mi cÖR‡š§i †Kv‡bv bv‡g †`Lv hvqwb| hwÌ wØ‡R›`Öbv_ †_‡K ïi“ K‡i
iex›`Öbv_I Zuv‡ì cieZ©x cÖR‡š§i †Q‡j‡ì bv‡gi m‡½ Ôbv_Õ eënvi Ki‡jI †g‡Rv fvB m‡Z¨›`Öbv_ †_‡K
ïi“ K‡i me‡P‡q †QvU fvB iex›`Öbv_I Zuv‡ì †g‡q‡ì bvg ivLvi mgq Avi ÔKzgvixÕ eënvi K‡ibwb| Zuv‡ì
†g‡q‡ì bvg n‡q‡Q Bw›ìv, cÖwZfv, gbxlv, †kvfbv, mylgv, myb„Zv, my`w¶Yv, c~wY©gv ev gvayixjZv, †iYyKv, gxiv
BZ¨vw`| Gu‡ì bv‡gi †k‡l m¤§vbm~PK Ô†èxÕ kãwUI eënƒZ n‡q‡Q|
bq fvB‡qi g‡a¨ ZviKv ch©v‡qi A‡b‡KB wQ‡jb| wØ‡R›`Öbv_, m‡Z¨›`Öbv_, ax‡i›`Öbv_, †R¨vwZwi›`Öbv_ÑGuiv
†KDB KviI †P‡q Kg bb| wkí-mvwn‡Zï bvbv kvLvq Zuv‡ì wePiY wQj| wKš‘ iex›`Öbv‡_i Ggb AvKvk‡Quvqv
AR©b, VvKzi cwiev‡ii evèvwK ZviKv‡ì D¾¡jZv A‡bKLvwbB ¤vb K‡i w`‡q‡Q| †h hv-B ejyK, †Rvovmuv‡Kvi
VvKzievwo GLb Avi ØviKvbv_-†`‡e›`Ö-wØ‡R›`Öi bq, GUv iex›`Öbv‡_iB|
VvKzievwoi cÖ‡Z¨K mš—v‡bi Rš§ hLb GB N‡i, a‡iB wb‡Z cvwi 1268 e½v‡ãi 25 êkvL, †ivR †mvgevi
†fvi ivZ 2Uv 30wgwbU †_‡K wZbUvi g‡a¨ GB NiwU‡ZB iex›`Öbv_ Rš§MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb| Ab¨w`‡K e„n¯úwZevi
Bs‡iwR 1941 mv‡ji AvM÷ 7, 1348 e½v‡ãi evB‡k kÖveY `ycyi 12Uvi wKQy c‡i KjKvZvi GB evwo‡ZB wZwb
80 eQi 3 gvm eq‡m †klwbk¦vm Z¨vM K‡ib| g„ZzëiY K‡i‡Qb †h N‡i, †mwU †`Lv n‡q‡Q †`vZjvq IVvi
ciciB| R‡š§‡Qb †hLv‡b, †m RvqMvwU †`Lv n‡jv GLb|
iex›`Öbv_ 22 eQi 7 gvm eq‡m 10 eQ‡ii feZvwiYx †èxi m‡½ weevneÜ‡b Ave× nb| cÖ_vMZfv‡e we‡qi
GKUv eo Ask K‡bi evwo‡Z nIqvi K_v _vK‡jI we‡q n‡q‡Q e‡ii evwo‡Z| †m we‡q‡Z Zuvi wcZv, †g‡Rv fvB
m‡Z¨›`Öbv_ VvKzi I eo †evb †mŠ`vwgbx †èx Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb bv| Zuvi we‡qi w`bB Zuvi eo †evb †mŠ`vwgbxi ei
mvi`vcÖmv` M‡½vcva¨v‡qi g„Zz¨ nq|
feZvwiYx †èx 1873 mv‡j h‡kvi †Rjvi dzjZjv MÖv‡g Rš§MÖnY K‡ib| VvKzi G‡÷‡Ui GKRb mvgvb¨
†eZ‡bi Kg©Pvix †eYxgvae iv‡qi Kb¨v feZvwiYx| GB bvg VvKzi cwiev‡ii Kv‡Q †ek cy‡iv‡bv au v‡Pi g‡b
n‡qwQj| ZvB we‡qi ciciB Zuvi bvg cv‡ë ivLv nq g„Yvwjbx †èx| iex›`Öbv‡_i eo`v wØ‡R›`Öbv_ VvKzi G bvg
iv‡Lb|
1902 mv‡j kvwš—wb‡KZ‡b _vKvKvjxb g„Yvwjbx †èx Amy¯’ n‡q co‡j Zuv‡K KjKvZvq wb‡q Avmv nq
wPwKrmvi Rb¨| wKš‘ Wv³vi wKQy‡ZB Zuvi Amy¯’Zv ai‡Z cviwQ‡jb bv| wZb gvm †ivM‡fv‡Mi ci 1902 mv‡ji
23 b‡f¤î gvÎ 29 eQi eq‡m g„Yvwjbx †èx g„ZzëiY K‡ib| ¯¿xi g„Zzï ci iex›`Öbv_ Avi we‡q K‡ibwb|
15
VvKzievwoi DËivwaKvi
iex›`Öbv‡_i Rš§ I g„Zzï w`bwU cwðge‡½i †Uwjwfk‡b Kxfv‡e cvwjZ nq, Rvwb bv| Z‡e evsjv‡`‡ki †Uwjwfkb
P¨v‡bj¸‡jv‡Z †h g‡nvrme nq, Zv‡Z Avwg GKUv wel‡qi k~b¨Zv Lye †ewk Abyfe Kwi| bvUK ev Mvb Qvov UK
†kv¸‡jv‡Z iex›`Öbv‡_i †Kv‡bv DËim~wi cvB bv ev †`wL bv, †hgbwU bRi“‡ji †¶‡Î cvB| fvebvi welq, Aš—
Z Avgvi Kv‡Q|
mvg‡b G‡m ùvovq AviI `yB gnv †KŠZ‚njx wK‡kvi-wK‡kvixÑBeb Avi bykivZ| `yRbB K¬vm GB‡Ui QvÎQvÎx|
GKRb Avgvi †Q‡j, Ab¨Rb fvMwb| iex›`Öbv_ Zviv c‡o‡Q cvVëB‡Z| ILv‡b hv †R‡b‡Q, gvÎ †mUzKz‡ZB
mxwgZ Zv‡ì Ávb| Z‡e Zv‡ì †KŠZ‚n‡ji mxgv †bB| Avgv‡K bvbv iK‡gi cÖkœev‡Y RR©wiZ K‡i P‡j‡Q Zviv
cÖwZwbqZ|
iex›`Öbv‡_iv 14 fvB‡evb, evwKiv †Kv_vq? KviI wK mš—vbmš—wZ †bB? kwg©jv VvKzi †Zv Zuvi bvwZb, †mvnv
ev mvBd Avjx Lvbiv wK G evwo‡Z Av‡mb? G ai‡bi KZ cÖkœ Zv‡ì|
Avwg ewj, Ôiex›`Öbv‡_i †Kv‡bv DËivwaKviB †bB| d‡j cy‡iv KjKvZvB Zuvi DËivwaKvi|Õ
Iiv nuv K‡i ZvKvq|
NUbv n‡”Q, iex›`Öbv‡_i wZb †g‡q I `yB †Q‡j wQj| eo †g‡q gvayixjZv †èx (†ejv)| GB bv‡g iex›`Öbv_
GKUv dz‡ji bvg w`‡qwQ‡jb| gvayixjZvi hLb Rš§, ZLb g„Yvwjbxi eqm 13| gvayixjZvi eqm hLb 15, ZLb
iex›`Öbv‡_i wcÖq Kwe wenvixjvj PµeZ©xi Z…Zxq cyÎ AvBbÁ kirP›`Ö PµeZ©xi m‡½ Zuvi we‡q nq| gvayixjZv
†èx wbtmš—vb wQ‡jb| 31 eQi 6 gvm eq‡m 1918 mv‡j h²v‡iv‡M Avµvš— n‡q k¦ïivj‡q wZwb g„ZzëiY
K‡ib|
iex›`Öbv‡_i wØZxq mš—vb Ges †R¨ô cyÎ i_x›`Öbv_ VvKzi Rš§MÖnY K‡ib 1888 mv‡ji 27 wW‡m¤î| 21 eQi
2 gvm eq‡m GK weaev cÖwZgv †èx‡K we‡q K‡ib| weevnKv‡j cÖwZgv †èxi eqm wQj 17 eQi| i_x›`Öbv_
VvKz‡ii m‡½ cÖwZgv †èxi GB we‡q weaevcÖ_vi wei“‡× VvKzi cwiev‡i cÖ_g weaevweevn| hwÌ iex›`Öbv‡_i
g„Zzï ci i_x›`Öbv_ VvKzi (i_x) I cÖwZgv †èx Avjv`v n‡q hvb| Zuviv wbtmš—vb wQ‡jb; wKš‘ GKwU Kb¨vmš—vb
`ËK wb‡qwQ‡jb| Zuv‡K bw›`bx e‡jB WvK‡Zb| i_x›`Öbv_ VvKzi 1951 †_‡K 1953 ch©š — wek¦fviZx
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi DcvPvh© wQ‡jb| 1961 mv‡ji 13 Ryb 72 eQi 6 gvm eq‡m †ìv`y‡b wZwb g„ZzëiY K‡ib|
iex›`Öbv_ VvKz‡ii Z…Zxq mš—vb Ges wØZxq Kb¨v, †iYyKv †èx Rš§MÖnY K‡ib 23 Rvbyqvwi 1891 mv‡ji|
Zuvi WvK bvg wQj ÔivYxÕ| gvayixjZv †èxi we‡qi GK gv‡mi gv_vq 1901 mv‡ji AvM÷ gv‡m gvÎ 10 eQi 6
gvm eq‡m m‡Z¨›`Öbv_ fÆvPv‡h©i m‡½ †iYyKv †èxi we‡q nq| wbtmš—vb †iYyKv †èx 1903 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤î gv‡m
2 eQ‡ii weevwnZ Rxeb †k‡l gvÎ 12 eQi 7 gvm eq‡m h²v‡iv‡M Avµvš— n‡q gviv hvb|
gxiv †èx iex›`Öbv‡_i me‡P‡q †QvU †g‡q| Rš§ 1894 mv‡ji 12 Rvbyqvwi| WvKbvg AZmxjZv| AZmx
bv‡gB WvKv n‡Zv| 13 eQi 4 gvm eq‡m b‡M›`Öbv_ M‡½vcva¨v‡qi m‡½ Zuvi we‡q nq| Zuv‡ì bxZx›`Öbv_ (wbZz)
bv‡g GKwU cyÎmš—vb I bw›`Zv (eywo) bv‡g GKwU Kb¨vmš—vb wQj| gxiv †èxi m‡½ Zuvi ¯^vgxi QvovQvwo n‡q
hvq we‡qi 13 eQ‡ii gv_vqÑ1920 mv‡j| Gici wZwb kvwš—wb‡KZ‡bB _vK‡Zb| 75 eQi eq‡m 1969 mv‡j
kvwš—wb‡KZ‡b wZwb g„ZzëiY K‡ib|
iex›`Öbv_ VvKz‡ii me‡P‡q †QvU †Q‡j kgx›`Öbv_ VvKzi Rš§MÖnY K‡ib 12 wW‡m¤î 1896 mv‡j| gvÎ 10 eQi
11 gvm eq‡m K‡jivq Avµvš— n‡q kgx›`Öbv_ VvKzi gviv hvb|
iex›`Öbv‡_i bvwZ-bvZwb †Kej wZbRb| bxZx›`Öbv_ VvKzi M‡½vcva¨vq gxiv †èxi GKgvÎ mš—vb I
iex›`Öbv‡_i GKgvÎ †`ŠwnÎ| wZwb 1911 mv‡j Rš§MÖnY K‡ib Ges Rvg©vwb‡Z D”Pwk¶v †bIqvi mgq h²vq
Avµvš— n‡q 1932 mv‡j gvÎ 20 eQi eq‡m wZwb gviv hvb|
bw›`Zv K…cvjbx (eywo) gxiv †èxi GKgvÎ Kb¨v 1916 mv‡j Rš§MÖnY K‡ib| wewkó mvsevw`K I †jLK K…ò
K…cvjbxi m‡½ Zuvi we‡q nq| GB `¤úwZ wbtmš—vb wQ‡jb| GKvbœ eQi eq‡m 1967 mv‡j wZwb g„ZzëiY K‡ib|
GB VvKzi cwiev‡ii GKRb gvÎ GL‡bv ch©š— Ô†U‡Mvi d¨vwgwjÕi bvgWvK a‡i †i‡L‡Qb| hwÌ GB ¸Yx
Awf‡bÎxi bv‡gi m‡½ Zuvi GB Ô†U‡MviÕ c`weUv GLb eoB A_©nxb| kwg©jv VvKzi iex›`Öbv‡_i PvPv‡Zv fvB‡qi
†Q‡j MM‡b›`Öbv_ VvKz‡ii bvZwb|
wKš‘ kwg©jv VvKz‡ii m‡½ †Rvovmuv‡Kvi VvKzievwoi †Kv‡bvB †hvMm~Î wQj bv| iex›`Öbv‡_i g„Zzï wZb eQi ci
Zuvi Rš§ nvqìvev‡`| Zuvi evev MxZx›`Öbv_ VvKzi wQ‡jb B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi Aaxb GKwU KviLvbvi wWwRGg|
Zuvi gv wQ‡jb Avmvg AÂ‡ji †g‡q| kwg©jv we‡q K‡i‡Qb c‡ZŠwì Rwg`vi I GKmgqKvi fvi‡Zi RvZxq `‡ji
16
AwabvqK gbmyi Avjx Luv‡K| we‡qi mgq wZwb ag©vš—wiZ n‡q gymjgvb bvg aviY K‡i nb †eMg Av‡qkv
myjZvbv| e¨w³Rxe‡b wZwb Kx ag© cvjb K‡ib Rvwb bv, Z‡e Zuv‡ì cyÎ -Kb¨viv †ev‡¤î wdj¥ BÛvw÷ªi wnU bvqK-
bvwqKv| Zuv‡ì bvgI gymjgvb bvg///|
VvKzievwoi A›ìgn‡ji gvSLv‡bi DVvb wN‡i Pvicv‡k †`vZjv Ni| Zvi wbPZjv¸‡jv GLb †Kgb Av‡Q,
Rvwb bv| ILv‡b cÖ‡ek wb‡la| †`vZjvi KwiWi gvwo‡q c~e© -DËi †Kv‡Yi Ni †_‡K Avevi wmuwo w`‡q wb‡P †b‡g
†`Lv †Mj AviI KZK¸‡jv mvwi mvwi Ni| Zvi GKwU Rvcvwb I AciwU Pxbv wPÎkvjv| †jLvB Av‡Q, I¸‡jv
Rvcvb I Pxb miKv‡ii Aby`v‡b ˆZwi|
iex›`Öbv‡_i m‡½ Rvcvb-Px‡bi m¤úK© wQj| wZwb †ewo‡q‡QbI G `ywU †`‡k| kvwš—wb‡KZ‡b Pxbv‡ì A_©vq‡b
GKUv Pxbv febI evbv‡bv n‡qwQj Zuvi RxeÏkvq| GLv‡b G `y‡Uv cÖ`k©bkvjvi A›ìm¾vI wfbœ iKg| A‡bK
†ewk wWwRUvj| AvmevecÎ, mvRv‡bvi miÄvg, Kv‡c©U, Qwei †d«g, Av‡jvKwPÎ ev wPÎÑmeB Rvcvwb ev ˆPwbK|
†Rvovmuv‡Kv ev KjKvZvi wKQyB ILv‡b †bB|
†e‡ivevi mgq Sv‡gjvq c‡o hvB| Avwg GB cÖ_g GKUv Rv`yNi †`Ljvg, hv‡Z cÖ¯’v‡bi Avjv`v †Kv‡bv c_
†bB| Pviw`‡Ki mvwi mvwi Ni †_‡K Abvqv‡mB Ggb GKwU †e‡iv‡bvi c_ ˆZwi Kiv m¤¢e wQj, †hUv w`‡q
†ewi‡qB cvIqv †hZ cÖ‡ekc_| GLv‡b Zv †bB| myZivs Avevi A¨vevDU Uvb©|
†h c_ w`‡q †nu‡U †nu‡U G‡mwQjvg, †mB c_ †`‡L †`‡LB Avevi †e‡iv‡Z n‡”Q|
†e‡ivevi mgq Av‡iKevi †`Lvi my‡hvM n‡q hvq †h N‡i iex›`Öbv‡_i g„Zz¨ n‡qwQj, †mB NiwU| iex›`Öbv‡_i
g„Zzï nßv Lv‡bK Av‡M GB NiwU‡ZB Zuvi A‡¯¿vcPvi n‡qwQj| Gici cÖvq AvU w`b K‡ó-wK¬‡ó †eu‡P wQ‡jbÑGB
N‡iB| GLvbKvi †`qv‡j GKwU KweZv †jLv, †hwU wZwb wb‡Ri nv‡Z wjL‡Z cv‡ibwb| gy‡L gy‡L e‡jwQ‡jb, †KD
GKRb wj‡L wb‡qwQj| GUvB wQj iex›`Öbv‡_i Awš—g KweZv|
81 eQ‡ii Rxe‡b GB c„w_ex, wb‡Ri wek¦vm, mskq, RxebwRÁvmv, cÖvZ¨wnK c_cwiµgv, myL -`ytL, nvwm-
KvbœvÑGm‡eiB cÖwZdjb GB KweZvq, †hLv‡b wZwb e‡jb:
Ô†Zvgvi m„wói c_ †i‡LQ AvKxY© Kwi
wewPÎ QjbvRv‡j, †n Qjbvgqx|...Õ
(†Rvovmuv‡Kv| KjKvZv 30 RyjvB 1941, mKvj mv‡o bqUv)
Gevi †ZZjvq D‡V cvIqv †Mj †mB HwZnvwmK †ivgvÂKi Qv`| Kv`¤îx †èxi myBmvBW †bvU-G GB Qv`wUi
K_vB Zvn‡j ejv n‡q‡Q? GB †d¬v‡iB gnwl©i GKUv mv`vgvUv †eWi“g| Rwg`vwii †RŠjy‡ki wKQyB GLv‡b †bB|
Avgiv †b‡g hvB| hve cv‡ki e‡K|
wewPÎvq iex›`Öbv_
VvKzievUxi ewng©n‡ji m‡½ jvMv‡bv GKUv †ZZjv eK Av‡Q| bvg ÔwewPÎvÕ| GUvi wZbZjv eivei Avjv`v
wmuwo| †`vZjv †_‡K †ZZjviUv cu¨vPv‡bv| Lye mi“| mgq †c‡q Gi wZbwU †d¬viB Ny‡i †eovjvg|
†ZZjvi N‡i iex›`Öbv‡_i eënvi Kiv GKUv BwR-†Pqvi †c‡Z ivLv| Kv‡Q †h‡ZB †`wL eviYevK¨ †jLv:
¯úk©B Kiv hv‡e bv|
_vK| ¯úk© bvB ev Kijvg, `~i †_‡K †`L‡Z †Zv mgm¨v †bB| Avwg GKUv †PŠwKi g‡Zv RvqMv †c‡q e‡m
_vwK| j¶ Kwi, Avgvi gv Rbbx Lye g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q mewKQyB †`Lvi †Póv Ki‡Qb Ges Z‡ZvwaK g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q
wZwb mvBb‡evW© ev U¨v‡Mi †jLv¸‡jv co‡Qb| Zuvi m½x Ges MvBW Avgvi cÂ`k el©xq cyÎ Beb Be‡Zkvg|
gv‡K ILv‡b ùvo Kwi‡q †i‡L Beb G‡m Avgv‡K wb‡q hvq| GKUv f‚gvbwPÎ-UvB‡ci wWm‡ci mvg‡b Avgv‡K
ùvo Kwi‡q w`‡q e‡j, †Zvgvi Rb¨ IiKg GKUv wKQy evwb‡q evmvq iv‡Lv| ZvwK‡q †`wL iex›`Öbv‡_i ågY-
ZvwjKv| cy‡iv c„w_exi gvbwPÎwUi Ici `vM w`‡q ivLv| wZwb †Kvb †Kvb †`k I kni ågY K‡i‡Qb, wb‡P
†m¸‡jvi GKUv ZvwjKv|
Beb e‡j, Ôevev, Zzwg †Zv iex›`Öbv‡_i †P‡q †ewk †`k ågY K‡i †d‡jQ!Õ
Ô†Kgb K‡i?Õ
ÔGB †h! iex›`Öbv_ gvÎ 29wU †`‡k ågY K‡i‡Qb, Zzwg †Zv 30wUi †ewk|Õ
Be‡bi Avb›` a‡i bv| AvwgI cy‡Îi Avb‡›ì m‡½ hy³ nB| iex›`Öbv‡_i ågYe„Ëvš— †`‡L cyjwKZ nB|
Zuvi åg‡Yi eo AskRy‡o Av‡Q Bsj¨vÛ| 1878 †_‡K 1930 ch©š — AvUevi wM‡q‡Qb †mLv‡b| Beb G Z_¨
†R‡bI cyjwKZ| e‡j, ÔZzwgI AvUevi wM‡qQ|Õ
17
Be‡bi gRv cvIqv †`‡L Avwg AviI DrmvwnZ n‡q cwo| Avgvi ågY Kiv †Kvb †Kvb †`k iex›`Öbv_ ågY
K‡i‡QbÑGUvB Zvi †`Lvi welq| Ges mwZ¨ mwZ¨ †m Av‡iKUv wgj Avwe®‹vi K‡i †d‡j| †mUv n‡jv, 2011
mv‡j GKm‡½ myB‡Wb, Rvg©vwb, †cvj¨vÛ, †P‡Kv‡¯vfvwKqv I Aw÷ªqv mdi K‡iwQjvg Avwg GKB Uz¨ ‡i| 1926
mv‡j iex›`Öbv_I GKB Uz¨‡i GB †`k¸‡jv Ny‡i †ewo‡q‡Qb| m‡½ wQj biI‡q, nv‡½wi, eyj‡Mwiqv,
†P‡Kv‡¯vfvwKqv| 1921 I 1926ÑGB `yB eQi wZwb BD‡ivc P‡l †ewo‡qwQ‡jb| †ejwRqvg, nj¨vÛ,
myBRvij¨vÛ †ewo‡q‡Qb †mB GKB mg‡q| Ges GKch©v‡q BebB Avwe®‹vi K‡i †h, 1926 mv‡j m¤¢eZ mviv
eQiB wZwb md‡i KvwU‡qwQ‡jb| KviY, me‡P‡q †ewk mdi n‡q‡Q †mB eQiB| †h †`‡kB wM‡q‡Qb, †c‡q‡Qb
m¤§vwbZ AwZw_i gh©v`v| RvgvB Av`‡i bvbv †jv‡Ki evwo‡Z AwZw_ n‡q‡Qb| c‡i †diZ G‡m‡Qb kvwš—
wb‡KZ‡b|
iex›`Öbv‡_i wek¦åg‡Yi ZvwjKvq Ab¨ †`k¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Av‡Q Av‡gwiKv cuvPevi, Rvcvb Pvievi, wgmi,
†ivgvwbqv, nv‡½wi, biI‡q, d«vÝ, †ejwRqvg, nj¨vÛ I myBRvij¨vÛ wZbevi| GgbB Z_¨|
Aek¨ GB gvbwP‡Î evsjv‡`‡ki wPý †bB| e¨vcviUv j¶ Kivi ci Beb wb‡RB Zvi Reve w`j, †m mgq †Zv
evsjv‡`k Avi fviZ GKB †`k wQj| ZvB evsjv‡`‡ki D‡jL †bB|
hLb Zuvi cv‡qi wPý †bB GB ev‡U

VvKzievUxi ewng©njwUI ch©UK‡ì A‡bK cQ‡›ì RvqMv| meyR PZ¡i, Zuvi gvSLv‡b bvbv i‡Oi dz‡ji MvQ|
GKcv‡ki M¨viv‡R ivLv Av‡Q iex›`Öbv‡_i eënvi Kiv Mvwo| Avgvi mnch©U‡Kiv Qwe †Zvjvi Kv‡R e¨¯— n‡q
c‡o| Avwg my¨‡fwbi weµq‡K›`Ö †_‡K VvKzievwo wb‡q †jLv GKUv eB wK‡b co‡Z e‡m hvB|
iex›`Öbv_ VvKz‡ii g„Zzï ci †Rvovmuv‡Kvi DËi-cwðg cv‡ki MM‡b›`Öbv_ I Aebx›`Öbv_ VvKz‡ii AskwU wewµ
n‡q hvq| Gici my‡ikP›`Ö gRyg`vi Puv`vi gva¨‡g 15 jvL UvKv msMÖn K‡ib Ges G UvKvi GKUv eo Ask IB
†µZv‡K wdwi‡q w`‡q cy‡iv PZ¡iwU iex›`ÖfviZx †mvmvBwUi nv‡Z Zz‡j †`b| welqwU Av`vjZ ch©š — Movq| IB
†µZvi Av‡e`‡bi †cÖw¶‡Z AviI 3 jvL UvKv Zuv‡K †Ìqv nq| Gi g‡a¨ cwðge½ miKviI Rwo‡q hvq
e¨vcviwUi m‡½| Zviv GUv‡K bvP-Mvb I bvU‡Ki GKUv cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e M‡o †Zv‡j 1955 mv‡j| bvg ÔI‡q÷
†e½j †÷U GKv‡Wwg Ae WvÝ, Wªvgv, wgDwRK A¨vÛ wfRy¨qvj AvU©mÕ| 1961 mv‡j Kwei Rš§kZZgevwl©Kx‡Z
wm×vš— nq †h G RvqMvwU‡K iex›`ÖfviZx wek¦we`¨vj‡q cwiYZ Kiv n‡e| c‡ii eQi 8 †g, iex›`Öbv‡_i
Rš§w`‡bB iex›`ÖfviZx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi AvbyôvwbK D‡Øvab Kiv nq|
iex›`ÖfviZx‡Z wZbUv d¨vKvwë| dvBb AvU© Ges wfRy¨qvj Av‡U©i ci 1976 mv‡j hLb Ôd¨vKvwë Ae AvU©Õ
hy³ Kiv n‡jv, ZLb bZzb d¨vKvwëwU P‡j †Mj VvKzi cwiev‡ii Av‡iK kvLvqÑniKzgvi VvKz‡ii Bgvivì evIqvi-
G|
†Mvwe›`cy‡ii cÂvbb-ïK‡è Kzkvix (VvKzi)-†ì wb‡q h‡kvi †_‡K Avmv iex›`Öbv‡_i c~e©cyi“‡li GK Ask
`c©bvivq‡Yi †bZ…‡Z¡ Avevm M‡owQj cv_ywiqvNvUvq| Aci Ask bxjgwY VvKz‡ii †bZ…‡Z¡ G‡mwQj †Rvovmuv‡Kvq|
†Rvovmuv‡Kv Avi cv_ywiqvNvUvÑ`yB RvqMv‡ZB weªwUk‡ì Avkxe©v`cyó n‡q GB `yB VvKzi cwievi †e‡o DV‡Z
_v‡K| iex›`Öbv‡_i Kvi‡Y †Rvovmuv‡Kvi bvgWvK A‡bK †ewk n‡q hvq e‡j cv_ywiqvNvUvi K_v ZZUv Rvbv hvq
bv| wKš‘ Ebwesk kZvãxi evOvwji BwZnv‡mi A‡bK RvqMv‡ZB IB cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡ì bvg D¾¡j n‡q Av‡Q|
GK k eQi Av‡M `ywU cwievi `yB RvqMvq Avevm M‡o c„_K n‡q †M‡jI iex›`Öbv‡_i bv‡g evbv‡bv
wek¦we`¨vjqwU Avevi GB `yB cwievi‡KB g~jZ GK K‡i w`j| cÂvbb Kzkvixi DËi-cyi“‡liv AvR †K †Kv_vq
Av‡Qb, Rvwb bv| Avgiv ïay Rvwb iex›`Öbv_ Av‡Qb|
GB evUx‡Z iex›`Öbv‡_i cv‡qi wPý GKmgq co‡e bv g‡b K‡iB wZwb wj‡LwQ‡jb †mB Mvb: ÔhLb co‡e bv
†gvi cv‡qi wPý GB ev‡UÕ| †m K_v g‡b K‡i Avgvi wØZxq md‡ii m½x‡ì wb‡q mviv w`b †nu‡U †ewo‡qwQjvg
†Rvovmuv‡Kv MÖvg| nuvU‡Z nuvU‡ZB wKQy¶Y cici m½x‡ì †KD †KD e‡j DVZ, G c_ w`‡qB iex›`Öbv_ †nu‡U
†M‡Qb| GB imgvjvB‡qi †`vKvb †_‡K wgwó †L‡q‡Qb!
1941 mv‡ji ci †_‡K KZUzKzB ev e`‡j‡Q †Rvovmuv‡Kv? Lye †ewk g‡b nq bv| †mB UªvgjvBb, †mB Uvbv
wiKkv †Zv GL‡bv Av‡Q| ïay †hvM n‡q‡Q njy` i‡Oi U¨vw· K¨ve Avi we`vq n‡q‡Q cvjwK| eB‡Z c‡owQ,
†enviviv gv‡Smv‡S GB VvKzievwoi eD‡ì cvjwK‡Z K‡i wb‡q †hZ M½vq †Mvmj Kiv‡bvi Rb¨| cvjwKmy×
Zuv‡ì b`x‡Z Pzwe‡q Avevi †mB †fRv Kvc‡o wb‡q AvmZ VvKzievwo‡Z| GLv‡b G‡m Zuviv Kvco e`jv‡Zb|
18
†Rvovmuv‡Kv VvKzievUx †`Lv †kl K‡i †mw`b Avgiv P‡j hvB M½vi Zx‡i| ILvbKvi wø» mgxi Avgiv Dc‡fvM
Kwi GKUv QBIqvjv cvbwm †bŠKvq P‡o| †mB M½vi ZxieZ©x GK evwo‡Z iex›`Öb v‡_i †QvU‡ejv †K‡UwQj| †mB
Nv‡Ui K_v Zvi †jLvq c‡owQ| M½vRj wb‡q gvby‡li bvbv iK‡gi wek¦v‡mi K_vI c‡owQ iex›`Öbv‡_i A‡bK
†QvUM‡í|
M½vi ey‡K Avgv‡ì †bŠKv fv‡m Avi g„`yg›` nvIqvq Avgiv †`wL mvg‡bi we`¨vmvMi †mZz| g‡b c‡o hvq
1990 mv‡ji K_v| †m mgqI Avgiv 30 UvKvi wewbg‡q GK NÈvi Rb¨ GKUv †bŠKv fvov K‡i M½vi eyKRy‡o
Ny‡i †ewo‡qwQjvg| †mevi hvÎv ïi“ n‡qwQj nvIov weª‡Ri wb‡Pi NvU †_‡K| GLb †`wL †dvU© DBwjqv‡gi cwðg
cv‡kI M½vZxi‡K A‡bK ggZv gvwL‡q mvwR‡q‡Q cwðge½ miKvi| M½vi Zxi †Nu‡l P‡j †M‡Q †ijjvBb|
KjKvZv †`L‡Z †`L‡Z wcÖ‡Ýc Nv‡Ui †ij‡÷k‡b G‡b bvwg‡q †`q gvwS| Zvici ïi“ nq M½vi Zxi †`Lvi
cvjv|
M½vZxi‡K †`L‡j Avgvi †Ug‡mi cv‡oi K_v g‡b c‡o hvq| Bs‡iRiv GZ w`b GLv‡b _vK‡j GUv‡K wVKB
†mB cv‡oi g‡Zv K‡iB †djZ| Zviv †bB, Zv‡Z Kx n‡q‡Q! Av`jUv i‡qB †M‡Q| iU Avqi‡bi †Pqvi †c‡Z
ivLv Av‡Q b`xi cvoRy‡o| j¨v¤ú‡cv‡÷i m‡½ mshy³ w¯úKvi| †mB w¯úKvi †_‡K GKRbgvÎ MxwZKv‡ii †jLv
I myi Kiv Mvb †f‡m Avm‡Q| Avi wZwb Ab¨ †KD bb, GB kn‡ii VvKziÑiex›`Öbv_|
mÜ¨v †b‡g Avm‡Q| m~h© Wz‡e †M‡Q Icv‡ii nvIovi †Kv‡j| Avgv‡ì †Q‡o †h‡Z nq M½vi Zxi| Avgiv
wcÖ‡Ýc NvU ch©š— †h‡Z †h‡Z ïwb VvKz‡ii Mvb|
wcÖ‡Ýc Nv‡U GKUv myig¨ `vjvb Av‡Q| wMÖ‡mi cv‡_©b‡bi g‡Zv KZ¸‡jv Kwiwš’qvb Kjv‡gi Ici wfwË K‡i
evbv‡bv cÖvq GKB ai‡bi AviI GKUv ¯’vcbv †hb GB `vjvb| GwU cÖ_g evbv‡bv n‡qwQj iex›`ÖR‡š§i 20 eQi
Av‡M| Bsj¨vÛ †_‡K Avmv ivRcwiev‡ii †jvKRb Rvnv‡R IVvbvgv Kivi Rb¨ eënvi Ki‡Zb GB QvDwbwU|
wcÖ‡Ýc mv‡n‡ei Avg‡j evbv‡bv e‡j Zvi bvg n‡qwQj wcÖ‡Ýc NvU| Bs‡iRiv P‡j hvIqvi ci `xN©w`b Ah‡Zœ
c‡owQj GwU| 2001 mv‡j ïi“ nq bZzb K‡i ms¯‹viKvR| Gi ci †_‡K GwU me‡P‡q †ewk eënƒZ n‡q‡Q
Pjw”P‡Îi Mv‡bi ïwUs‡q, PZ¡iwU KjKvZvi evwm›`v‡ì êKvwjK we‡bv`‡bi GKUv cQ‡›ì RvqMvI|
2014 mv‡ji 31 wW‡m¤î, KjKvZvi cvK© w÷ªU hLb cÖ¯‘Z n‡”Q wbD Bqvm© †mwj‡eªk‡bi Rb¨, wcÖ‡Ýc Nv‡U
ZLb Pj‡Q ˆPÎmsµvwš—i Abyôvb| Avgiv †`wL, iex›`Öbv‡_iB Mv‡bi m‡½ wek¦fviZxi GK`j wk¶v_©x cwi‡ekb
Ki‡Qb bv‡Pi Abyôvb| GLv‡bI iex›`Öbv_|
GK duv‡K Ny‡i Ny‡i 1841 mv‡ji evbv‡bv cÖvmv`wU †`wL| KjKvZv †Zv cÖvmv‡ì bMixI wQj GKKv‡j| Zvi
wKQy cÖvmv` evwb‡qwQ‡jb Bs‡iR mv‡n‡eiv, wKQy evwb‡qwQ‡jb evOvwj eveyiv| weMZ 25 eQ‡i G¸‡jvi cÖvq me
KwUB Avgvi †`Lv n‡q‡Q| mv‡ne‡ì cÖvmv` wbg©vY w`‡q G kn‡ii bMivqY ïi“ n‡jI, †jvKvj eveyivI Kg
hvbwb Zuv‡ì `vjvb wbg©v‡Y| Zuv‡ì K_vB ewj|
19
evey‡ì ì`vjvb
K¬vB‡fi AbyMÖn, beK…‡òi ivRgnj

cjvkxi hy‡× Bs‡iR‡ì w`‡q evsjvi beve‡K gvi LvIqv‡bvi d‡j KjKvZvq m~Pbv nq bZzb BwZnv‡mi| Bs‡iR
†ewbqviv †M‡o e‡mb kvmbh‡š¿ Avi Zuv‡ì ZwíevnK wn‡m‡e D™¢e nq be¨ GK ewYK I Rwg`vi‡kÖwYi| ZuvivI
†ek wKQy myig¨ `vjvb‡KvVv evbvb| †kvfvevRv‡ii ivRevwo Zvi GKwU bgybv| GB ivRevwoi gvwjK ivRv beK…ò
†è Avi wZwb huvi †øn I Ki“Yvab¨, wZwb Avi †KD bbÑievU© K¬vBf|
1757 mvj ch©š— fvi‡Z †Zgb †Kv‡bv AwfRvZ Bs‡iR Av‡mbwb| Bsj¨v‡Ûi wbæ‡kÖwYi Kg©Pvix-Kg©KZ©vivB
GLv‡b Avm‡Zb| Zuv‡ì g~j D‡Ïk¨B wQj eëmv Kiv| GLv‡b G‡m ¯’vbxq AwfRvZ evOvwj‡ì Av`‡j `vm-`vmx,
PvKi-†bvKi cwi‡ewóZ n‡q Rxebhvc‡b Zuviv GZUvB Avivg †c‡q hvb †h, Zv‡ì †KD †KD `xN©w`b G †`‡k
†_‡KI hvb| Z‡e ayiÜi Pwi‡Î ievU© K¬vBf hw` KjKvZvq bv Avm‡Zb, Zvn‡j AvR‡Ki KjKvZv nq‡Zv
ÔAvwjcyiÕ wn‡m‡eB †_‡K †hZ| Zvi ¯’vcZ¨ wb‡q †jLv n‡Zv wfbœ BwZnvm|
1725 mv‡ji 29 †m‡Þ¤î Bsj¨v‡Ûi †QvÆ kni mc©kvqv‡i ievU© K¬vB‡fi Rš§| evev wQ‡jb AvBbRxex| 13
fvB‡ev‡bi g‡a¨ K¬vBf mevi eo| †Q‡j‡ejv †_‡KB wZwb wQ‡jb `yó cÖK…wZi| cÖvqB Pv‡P©i Ici D‡V cvwb gy‡L
wb‡q MvM©j K‡i wb‡Pi gvbylR‡bi Ici †d‡j †Ìqvi fq †`Lv‡Zb| gv‡K©U †Wª‡Uvb MÖvgvi ¯‹zj, gv‡P©›U
†UBjimn wewfbœ ¯‹zj †_‡K wZb-wZbevi Zuv‡K †ei K‡i †Ìqv nq| QvÎ wn‡m‡e fv‡jv bv n‡jI Ab¨ wKQy ¸Y
wQj K¬vB‡fi| wZwb wjL‡Zb fv‡jv| e³…ZvI Ki‡Zb PgrKvi|
K¬vBf hLb cÖ_g fvi‡Zi gv`ªvR Av‡mb, ZLb Zuvi eqm gvÎ 18| B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb‡Z ZLb Zuvi f‚wgKv
wQj GKRb †Kivwbi| Gi g‡a¨ GKUv hy× eva‡j K¬vBf A‡bK mvnmx f‚wgKv cvjb K‡ib| †gRi j‡i‡Ýi bR‡i
co‡j Zuv‡K †mbvevwnbxi Kwgkbvi c‡` wb‡qvM †`b| †m mgq PZzi K¬vBf gvivwV‡ì mn‡hvwMZv wb‡q gv`ªvR‡K
divwm I †gvMj‡ì Kejgy³ K‡i weªwUk kvm‡bi AvIZvfz³ K‡ib|
GB NUbvi ci K¬vB‡fi cwiwPwZ mviv BD‡iv‡c Qwo‡q c‡o| cÖavbgš¿x wcU Gìvi Zuvi f‚qmx cÖksmv K‡i
700 cvDÛ g~‡jï Z‡jvqvi cÖ`vb K‡i m¤§vb Rvbvb|
1755 mv‡ji RyjvB gv‡m K¬vBf †WcywU Mfb©i wn‡m‡e Avevi wd‡i Av‡mb gv`ªv‡R| wdiwZ c‡_ Zuvi RvnvR
weaŸ¯— nq| `yN©Ubvq K¬vBf 33 nvRvi cvDÛ g~‡jï †Mvì K‡q‡bi ev· nvwi‡q †d‡jb e‡j Rvbvb| hv-B †nvK,
wKQyw`‡bi g‡a¨B ievU© K¬vBf †jd‡Ub¨v›U K‡b©j c‡` cÖ‡gvkb cvb|
gv‡S `ywU `ytmsev` K¬vBf‡K wPwš—Z K‡i †Zv‡j| 1756 mv‡ji cÖ_g w`‡Ki NUbv| wmivR‡ÏŠjv m`¨B Zuvi
bvbv Avwjew`© Lv‡bi DËivwaKvix wn‡m‡e bevwe ïi“ K‡i‡Qb| Ryb gv‡m Lei Av‡m, bZzb beve Bs‡iR‡ì
wei“‡× KvwkgevRvi AvµgY K‡i Bs‡iR‡ì `yM© `Lj K‡i wb‡q‡Qb| weªwUk‡ì GB ¶wZi cwigvY wQj 20
wgwjqb cvDÛ| weªwUk ˆmb¨‡ì g‡a¨ hviv aiv c‡o, kvw¯—¯îƒc Zv‡ì Ôe¨vK †nvjÕ bv‡gi GK AL¨vZ
†RjLvbvq AvUK Kiv nq| Bs‡iRiv K‚U‰bwZK mgvav‡bi cÖ¯—ve w`‡q wPwV cvVvq bev‡ei Kv‡Q| 1756 mv‡j
wµmgvm P‡j G‡jI bev‡ei KvQ †_‡K weªwUkiv †mB wPwVi †Kv‡bv DËi bv †c‡q ¶zä nq| ZLb K¬vBf‡K `yM©
D×v‡ii `vwqZ¡ †Ìqv nq| 1757 mv‡ji 2 Rvbyqvwii g‡a¨ K¬vBf `ywU `yM©B D×vi K‡ib| cÖvq gvmKvj ci 5
†deª“qvwi gvÎ 1940 R‡bi GKwU †mbv`j wb‡q wZwb bev‡ei wekvj †mbvevwnbxi Ici AZwK©Z AvµgY Pvjvb|
Gi c‡ii NUbv Avgiv mevB Rvwb| beve †mB hy‡× civwRZ nb| wgi Rvdi‡K nvZ K‡i †bb K¬vBf, IqvUmb I
Mfb©i †WªK| cjvkxi hy‡×i 10 eQi ci 1767 mv‡j K¬vBf Bsj¨vÛ wd‡i hvb| wKš‘ fvi‡Z †i‡L hvb Nyl,
`yb©xwZ, m¤ú` AvÍmvr, cÖvmv`-lohš¿, `ye©„Ëvqb Avi AcivRbxwZi GK RNb¨ BwZnvm| Zuvi `yb©xwZ Ggb GK
ch©v‡q †cuŠQvq †h 1772 mv‡j Bsj¨v‡Ûi cvj©v‡g›U Zuvi `yb©xwZi Z`š— ïi“ Ki‡Z eva¨ nq| G‡Z G‡K G‡K
Zuvi `yb©xwZm¤úwK©Z Z_¨ †ei n‡Z _v‡K| AvÍm¤§v‡bi K_v we‡ePbv K‡i wZwb me m¤ú‡ì wewbg‡q Z`š— eÜ
Kiv Z_v Zuvi m¤§vb i¶vi e¨vcv‡i Ki“Y Av‡e`b Rvbvb| Zey Pj‡Z _v‡K Z`š—| d‡j Acgv‡bi R¡vjv mn¨
Ki‡Z bv †c‡i 1774 mv‡ji 22 b‡f¤î BwZnv‡mi AvRš§ GB LjbvqK Mjvq ¶zi Pvwj‡q AvÍnZ¨v K‡ib|
Bsj¨v‡Ûi jÛb kn‡i Zuv‡K mgvwnZ Kiv nq| Z‡e Zuvi m¤§vb i¶vq †KD †KD cÖPvi K‡i _v‡Kb †h, AwZwi³
Avwds ev gv`K MÖnY Kivq A_ev nƒ`&‡iv‡M K¬vB‡fi g„Zz¨ nq|
jW© K¬vBf nq‡Zv Rxe‡bi †kl cÖv‡š— G‡m g‡b K‡iwQ‡jb, 1757 mv‡j wZwb hv K‡iwQ‡jb, Zv wVK nqwb|
†jvK¸‡jv‡K A‡_©i †jvf †`wL‡q Ges hy×R‡qi ci KvwkgevRvi KzwV jyU K‡i hv †c‡qwQ‡jb, Zv-I A_©nxb|
20
hv‡ì Rb¨ WvKvwZ K‡iwQ‡jb wZwb, Zv‡ì `ß‡i KZ Rgv w`‡qwQ‡jb ev wb‡Ri Rb¨ Kx cwigvY †i‡LwQ‡jb,
ZviI wnmve Zuvi Kv‡Q wVKfv‡e wQj bv| fviZ †_‡K ZvwoZ n‡q wbRf‚‡g wd‡i AvÍMvwb‡Z wZwb hLb AvÍnZ¨vi
wm×vš— wb‡”Qb, ZLb ZuviB Kj¨v‡Y m„ó GK Kzj evOvwj ZZ w`‡b KjKvZvq wejvmx I Av‡qwk Rxeb ïi“ K‡i
w`‡q‡Q| Lye `ª“ZB dz‡j‡du‡c DV‡Z _v‡K Zv‡ì Hk¦h©| ZviB dj wn‡m‡e wKQy evOvwjI wekvjvK…wZi
`vjvb‡KvVv evbv‡Z ïi“ K‡i †`b| Gu‡ìB GKRb wQ‡jb beK…ò †è| wgi Rvdi, RMr‡kVÑGu‡ì m‡½ cvjv
w`‡q GB beK…ò †è evey µgkB weªwUk‡ì Av¯’vfvRb n‡q I‡Vb, ivRv Dcvwa jvf K‡ib Ges Bs‡iR‡ì m‡½
wg‡jwg‡k Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| 1757 mv‡jB wZwb ïi“ K‡ib †kvfvevRv‡i Zuvi wekvj `vjvb evbv‡bvi
KvR|
2014 mv‡ji AvM÷ gv‡m †kvfvevRvi †cuŠ‡QB †Ui †cjvg, 1757 mv‡ji †mB myZvbywU MÖvgwU GLb Avi †bB|
wKš‘ cvwL D‡o †M‡jI Zvi QvqvwU †hfv‡e †_‡K hvq, myZvbywUi QvqvwU GL‡bv Av‡Q| GKUv mvBb‡evW© †Pv‡L
coj| Zv‡Z †jLv: Ô†kvfvevRvi †ewbqv‡UvjvÑme©Rbxb `y‡M©vrme mwgwZÑ70 el©Õ| Zvi gv‡b GB mwgwZB GLv‡b
Drme Ki‡Q 70 eQi a‡i! `yM©vc~Rvi g‡nvrme †h GLv‡b n‡e, ZviI GKUv eo e¨vbvi †Svjv‡bv Av‡Q iv¯—vq|
wKš‘ beK…ò eveyi ivRgnjwU †Kv_vq?
eo mo‡Ki Ici jvj i‡Oi GKUv gw›ì| GKmgq †hLv‡b gw›ì wQj, †mLv‡b hvZvqv‡Zi Rb¨ wbðqB wQj
†QvÆ GKUv Mwjc_| mv‡neiv †Nvovq P‡o †h‡Z cvi‡Zb| Zvici Av‡¯— Av‡¯— mo‡Ki iƒc wb‡q‡Q †mUv| c‡i
n‡q‡Q gnvmoK| cÖvq †ò k dzU cÖ‡¯’i GB gnvmoKwU evbv‡Z wM‡q gw›ì‡K †Zv Avi fvOv hvq bv! ZvB
gw›ìwU i‡q †M‡Q iv¯—vi IciB| Zvi `ycv‡k `y‡Uv c„_K c_ n‡q‡Q| GB gw›ì cvi n‡q iv¯—vi Icv‡i †h‡ZB
†QvÆ GKUv mvBb‡evW© †Pv‡L c‡o| †jLv: ÔivRv beK…ò ÷ªxUÕ| eyS‡Z evwK _v‡K bv †h, Bs‡iR Avg‡ji †`v`©Ê
cÖZvcx †mB eveyi evwoi Kv‡QB G‡m c‡owQ|
Avgiv nuvU‡Z _vwK GB moK a‡i| k `y‡qK MR †nu‡UB Avgiv Avwe®‹vi K‡i †dwj †mB HwZnvwmK gn‡ji|
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bv| GKUv AwdmNi Av‡Q, wKš‘ †jvK †bB| †mv‡nj GKmgq e‡j, cv‡ki GKUv †MU w`‡q GKRb †ewi‡q
G‡m‡Q, †mB c‡_ hvIqv hvq|
GiB g‡a¨ ïi“ n‡q hvq e„wó| e„wó Av‡M †_‡KB wQj| gvSLv‡b weiwZ w`‡q Avevi el©‡Yi ïi“| †h cwigvY
e„wó n‡q‡Q KjKvZvq, Zv cÖvq XvKvi g‡ZvB GKUv cwi‡ek ˆZwi K‡i †d‡j‡Q| iv¯—vi Ici †Mvovwj Awã cvwb|
Avgiv Ry‡Zv-m¨v‡Ûj Lywj| c¨v›U ¸wU‡q nuvUzi Kv‡Q wb‡q Avwm| Lye mZK©Zvi m‡½ wKwÂr fq, wKwÂr mvnm ey‡K
wb‡q Avgiv GKUv KwiWi cvi n‡q cy‡iv‡bv GKUv ivRevwoi A›ìgn‡j G‡m XzwK|
†h A›ìgn‡j Avgiv G‡m cwo, GiKg PZ¡i Avgv‡ì AviI †`Lv n‡q‡Q KjKvZvq, wKsev we‡`‡kI|
gvSLv‡b wekvj D‡Vvb, Zvi Pvicv‡k †`vZjv evwo, mvwi mvwi NiÑGKwUi m‡½ Ab¨wU jvMv‡bv| wbPZjvi N‡ii
mvg‡b j¤^v Uvbv eviv›`v| eviv›`v¸‡jv‡Z wLjvbhy³ wcjvi| †gvMj Nivbvi †hme cÖvmv` wbwg©Z n‡qwQj, GiI kZ
eQi Av‡M AvMÖv-w`wj‡Z, †miKgB GB mvwie× Kjv‡gi Aeqe|
Avgiv nuvUvnuvwU K‡i †ek K¬vš—| wSwiwSwi e„wóI n‡”Q evB‡i| myZivs, GLv‡b cwðg cv‡ki GKUv cÖk¯—
eviv›`vgq N‡ii †`qvj I LuywUi m‡½ wcV †VwK‡q Avivg K‡i e‡m _vwK| g‡b g‡b cÖv_©bv Kwi, hw` GB ivRevwoi
†Kv‡bv gvbyl‡K †c‡qB hvB, Zvn‡j Zvi gyL †_‡K wKQy ïbe| wKš‘ †Kv_vI KvD‡K cvB bv|
ivRv beK…ò wK Av‡Qb GLv‡b? Av‡Qb nq‡Zv †Kv‡bvfv‡e| wKš‘ Avgvi c‡¶ Zuv‡K †`Lv m¤¢e n‡”Q bv| wZwb
wK †`L‡Qb Avgv‡K? †m-I Rvwb bv|
Z‡e GB ivRv beK…ò †è me‡P‡q †ewk weL¨vZ KjKvZvq `yM©vc~Rvi Drme cÖeZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y| GB gnvbM‡i
me‡P‡q eo Drme †`‡LwQ GB `yM©vc~Rv‡K †K›`Ö K‡iB| knigq mvR-mvR ie c‡o hvq| gw›`‡i bvP-Mv‡bi
Av‡qvRb nq| Avb›`-dzwZ© P‡j euvafvOv| Gi m~Pbv K‡iwQ‡jb beK…ò †èÑ1957 mv‡jB|
cjvkx hy‡× weR‡qi ciciB jW© K¬vBf †P‡qwQ‡jb wMR©vq wM‡q gnv mgv‡iv‡n Ô_¨vsKm wMwfsÕ Abyôv‡bi
Av‡qvRb Ki‡Z| wKš‘ †`Lv †Mj, wmivR‡ÏŠjv Zvi Av‡MB KjKvZvi GKgvÎ wMR©vwU ¸uwo‡q w`‡qwQ‡jb| GLb Kx
Kiv?
G K_v beK…ò evey Rvb‡Z †c‡i wZwb K¬vB‡fi Kv‡Q wM‡q nvwRi nb| e‡jb, Ôm¨vi, Avcbvi M‡Wi Kv‡Q †h
abëv` †`‡eb, Zv Avgv‡ì `yM©v‡èxi Pi‡YB w`‡Z cv‡ib|Õ
K¬vBf AevK n‡q e‡jb, ÔG Kx K‡i m¤¢e? Avwg †Zv wLªóvb!Õ
Ô†m Avwg †`Le, m¨vi| Avcwb Avcbvi †jvKRb wb‡q Avmyb| Avwg me eë¯’v KiwQ|Õ
21
beK…ò eveyi Ggb K_v ï‡b jW© K¬vBf m`je‡j wM‡q nvwRi n‡jb †kvfvevRv‡i| †mLv‡b bvP-Mv‡bi eë¯’v
n‡jv| g`¨cv‡bi Av‡qvRb _vKj| _vKj Mi“ I k~K‡ii gvs‡mi eë¯’vI| K¬vBf mv‡ne †m mgq KjKvZvq
_vKv GwjU †kÖwYi mg¯— Bs‡iR‡K mcwievi wb‡q G‡jb †mB Avm‡i| †Nvovi Mvwoi wekvj en‡i K‡i wb‡q Avmv
nq Zuv‡ì| mviv ivZ a‡i Pjv G Av‡qvRbwU Zuviv LyeB Dc‡fvM K‡ib| mdj GB AbyôvbwU Kivi ci †_‡K
cÖwZeQi GLv‡b `yM©vc~Rvi Av‡qvRb Kiv GKUv evrmwiK Drm‡ei Ask n‡q ùvovq| G Drm‡e AskMÖnY Ki‡Z
cviv ev `vIqvZ cvIqvi welqwUI †cÖw÷‡Ri welq n‡q hvq KjKvZvi wn›`y‡ì Kv‡Q| †mB †_‡K `y‡M©vrme‡K
wN‡i RuvKRgKc~Y© †h Av‡qvRb, Zv evOvwj wn›`y m¤úÖ`v‡qi GKUv HwZ‡n¨ cwiYZ n‡q‡Q|
beK…ò †`‡ei hLb Rš§, ZLb B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb nuvwU-nuvwU cv-cv Ki‡Q| Lye †QvU‡ejvq Zuvi evev gviv
†M‡j gv Zuv‡K ¯‹z‡j fwZ© Kwi‡q †`b| †mLvb †_‡K wZwb D`y©, dviwm, Aviwe, †k‡l Bs‡iwRI †k‡Lb| 1750
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my‡hvM nq Zuvi| weªwUk‡ì wek¦vmfvRb e‡jB A‡bK †Mvcbxq `wjj-`¯—v‡e‡Ri KvR Zuv‡K Ki‡Z n‡Zv| Gi
cyi¯‹vi wn‡m‡e 1757 mv‡ji cjvkx hy‡×i ci wgi Rvdi, Avwgi †eM, ivgP›`Ö Avi beK…ò ivq weªwUk‡ì KvQ
†_‡K 8 †KvwU UvKv Dr‡KvP MÖnY K‡ib| 1772 mv‡j KjKvZv‡K B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi ivRavbx †NvlYv Ki‡j
Iqv‡ib †nw÷sm nb fvi‡Zi Mfb©i †Rbv‡ij| G mgq A_©, weË I ¶gZvq dz‡j‡du‡c I‡Vb beK…ò †è|
`yM©vc~Rvi Av‡qvRb w`‡q ïi“ n‡qwQj jW© K¬vB‡fi m‡½ beK…ò †`‡ei m¤úK©| Zv Movq A‡bK `~i ch©š —|
1766 mv‡j wZwb ÔgnvivRv evnv`yiÕ Dcvwa AR©b K‡ib| Zvi 10 eQi ci cy‡iv myZvbywUi ZvjyK`vwi Zuvi Kv‡Q
P‡j hvq|
myZvbywU MÖvgwU GLb Avi MÖvg †bB| beK…ò eveyi DËivwaKvixi †KDB Avi GB evwo‡Z _v‡Kb bv| Z‡e Zuviv
Avkcv‡kB _v‡Kb| Rwg`vwicÖ_v wejxb nIqv ch©š— Zuvi DËivwaKvixivB Rwg`vwi cwiPvjbv K‡i‡Qb| GLb GB
wekvj `vjvbwU ag©K‡g©i Kv‡R eënvi Kiv nq|
ivRevwoi DËi cv‡ki As‡ki wbPZjvq GKwU †ew` Av‡Q| †mLv‡b cÖwZw`b †fvR †`b GK gwnjv| Pvi
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†mB gw›ìwU †f‡O GLb bZzb K‡i evbv‡bv n‡”Q|
Avgiv ivRevwoi eviv›`vq A‡bK¶YB e‡m _vwK| gvSLv‡b GKevi †nu‡U Gjvg †fZi ch©š —| †`wL, KZ¸‡jv
†jvK cÖvqvÜKv‡i e‡m e‡m Zvm †Lj‡Q| KwiW‡i ùvo Kwi‡q ivLv Av‡Q KZ¸‡jv †è-†èxi g~wZ©| AvovB k
eQ‡ii RxY© GB cÖvmv`wUi Ni¸‡jv cÖvq LvwjB| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bvwU‡Z wbæ †eZ‡bi wKQy †jvK wb‡Ri `vwq‡Z¡ fvov
_v‡Kb| fvov‡U‡ì msKUI Av‡Q LvwbKUv| K‡qKUv N‡i ÔUz †jUÕ mvBb‡evW©I †`Lv †Mj|
ivRevwoi gvSLv‡bi wekvj PZ¡iwU meyR Nv‡m QvIqv| Nvm¸‡jv wb‡R‡ì g‡Zv K‡i G‡jv‡g‡jvfv‡e †e‡o
D‡V‡Q| ivRv †bB, †K-B ev Z`viK Ki‡e! Zvi GK cv‡k †QvÆ GKUv cwim‡i iU Avqi‡bi wMÖj w`‡q GKUv
PZ¡i‡K †eóbx w`‡q Avjv`v K‡i ivLv n‡q‡Q| †mLv‡b †jLv: Ô¯^vgx we‡eKvb›`‡K GLv‡b bvMwiK msea©bv †Ìqv
n‡qwQj 1897 mv‡ji 28 †deª“qvwi|Õ
GKmgq jW© K¬vBf G evwo‡Z †h `y‡M©vrme K‡iwQ‡jb, Zvi Aw¼Z wPÎ wQj beK…ò eveyi cÖPviYvi cÖavb
nvwZqvi| wKš‘ †kl ch©š— mg‡qi weeZ©‡b cv‡ë †M‡Q me| Bs‡iR‡ì we`vq n‡q hvIqvi ci Ges K¬vB‡fi
`y®‹g©¸‡jv evOvwj‡ì Kv‡Q cÖKvk n‡q hvIqvi ci †mB Ô†MŠi‡eiÕ Kvwnwb GLb Kj‡¼ cwiYZ| Avi †m Kvi‡YB
nq‡Zv K¬vBf DcvL¨v‡bi †ò k eQi ci GLv‡b ¯^vgx we‡eKvb‡›ì c`Pvi‡Yi welqwU DcRxe¨ K‡i beK…ò eveyi
DËivwaKvixiv cÖvqwðË Kivi c_ LyuR‡Qb|
Z‡e GB beK…ò eveyi mgmvgwqK Kv‡j KjKvZvq Avgv‡ì VvKzi cwiev‡ii Av‡iK evey A‡bK eo mv‡ne
n‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb Zuvi ivRcÖvmv` evbv‡bvi Rb¨ beK…ò eveyi g‡Zv †`kxq Kvq`v AbymiY bv K‡i †Lv` ¯‹Uj¨vÛ
†_‡K wWRvBb G‡b AcÖ‡qvRbxq my›ì cÖvmv` evwb‡qwQ‡jb| †kvfvevRv‡ii ivRevwo †`Lv †k‡l Avgiv ÔVvKzi
`vjvbÕ bq, Ô†U‡Mvi K¨v‡mjÕwU †`‡L Avwm|
nvq †U‡Mvi K¨v‡mj!

evsjv‡`‡ki h‡kvi †_‡K hvIqv cÂvbb Kzkvixi (VvKzi) eska‡iiv †Rvovmuv‡Kv I cv_ywiqvNvUvq wef³ n‡q hvb|
Rqivg Kzkvixi `yB cyÎ bxjgwY Avi `c©bvivqY weªwUk‡ì m‡½ KvR Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| 1765 mv‡j B÷ BwÛqv
†Kv¤úvwb hLb LvRbv MÖn‡Yi GLwZqvi †cj, ZLb bxjgwY VvKzi‡K Zviv PvKwi w`j Dwol¨vi ivR¯^ Awd‡m|
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G‡Z Zuvi Avq-†ivRMvi evo‡Z _v‡K| `c©bvivqY VvKz‡ii wQj my‡ì eëmv| G wb‡q bxjgwY †gQyqv evRv‡i Rwg
wK‡b emevm ïi“ K‡ib| IB †gQyqv evRviB n‡q †Mj †Rvovmuv‡Kv MÖvg|
Aci fvB `c©bvivqY cv_ywiqvNvUvq Rwg wb‡q †mLv‡bB M‡o †Zv‡jb Zuv‡ì Avevm| †Rvovmuv‡Kv Avi
cv_ywiqvNvUv `yB RvqMv‡ZB ïi“ nq weªwUk‡ì AbyMÖn| `ywU RvqMvB `yfv‡e †e‡o I‡V| `c©bvivq‡Yi cyÎ
†Mvcx‡gvnb A‡bK m¤ú‡ì AwaKvix n‡q hvb| KvjxNvU gw›`‡i wZwb me‡P‡q eo ¯^Y©wbwg©Z Dcnvi cÖ`vb K‡ib|
evOvwj‡ì wk¶vi Dbœq‡bI A‡bK KvR K‡ib| wn›`y K‡j‡Ri cÖwZôvZv wZwb| wb‡R Rvb‡Zb Bs‡iwR, divwm,
cZz©wMR, ms¯‹…Z, dviwm Avi D`©~ fvlv| Zuvi cyÎ cÖmbœKzgvi VvKzi n‡”Qb iex›`Öbv‡_i wcZvgn ØviKvbv_ VvKz‡ii
cÖvq mgmvgwqK|
cÖmbœKzgv‡ii m‡½ weªwUk‡ì `nig-gnig A‡bK †ewk wQj| wZwb weªwUk BwÛqvb A¨v‡mvwm‡qk‡bi †cÖwm‡W›U
wQ‡jb| bvUKcvMj †jvK wQ‡jb wZwb| KjKvZvq wZwbB cÖ_g wn›`y w_‡qUv‡ii cÖwZôvZv| Zuvi GB bvUKcÖxwZi
cÖeYZvwU †c‡qwQ‡jb fvB‡cv †R¨vwZ›`Ö‡gvnb VvKzi| Zuvi fvB niKzgvi VvKziI wQ‡jb cwÊZ e¨w³| wZwb
A‡bK¸‡jv fvlv Rvb‡Zb| Mv‡bi myi Ki‡Zb| eB wjL‡Zb| Ebwesk kZvãxi evsjv bvU‡Ki BwZnv‡mi m‡½ GB
†R¨vwZ›`Ö‡gvnb VvKz‡ii bvgwU Lye †ewk RwoZ| cv_ywiqvNvUvi cÖkvš—Kzgvi VvKzi w÷ª‡U ÔVvKzi K¨v‡mjÕ bv‡gi †h
cÖvmv‡`vcg evwowU Av‡Q, Zvi cÖ_g `vjvbwU ZuviB evbv‡bv|
KjKvZvi Ab¨Zg †kÖô IB K¨v‡mj wKš‘ nVvrB ˆZwi nqwb| IB Rwg‡Z KvjxKzgvi VvKzi GKwU eo evwo
evwb‡qwQ‡jb Dwbk kZ‡Ki wØZxqv‡a©| †mB evwo DËivwaKvim~‡Î hZx›`Ö‡gvn‡bi nv‡Z Av‡m| wZwb †mwU‡K
cÖvmv‡` iƒcvš—wiZ K‡ib| iƒcvš—‡ii GB KvR Ki‡Z wM‡q GB wn›`y evOvwj Rwg`vi AvkÖq †bb ¯‹wUk ms¯‹…wZi|
1895 mv‡j g¨vwKbUk evb© †Kv¤úvwb‡K w`‡q Bsj¨vÛ †_‡K `y‡M©i g‡Zv †`L‡Z GK cÖvmv‡ì bKkv Kwi‡q
Av‡bb| ¯‹Uj¨v‡Ûi nvBj¨vÛ K¨v‡m‡ji AbyKi‡Y cybwb©wg©Z GB cÖvmv‡ì gvSLv‡b DBÛmi K¨v‡m‡ji Av`‡j
GKwU GK k dzU DuPz †m›Uvi-UvIqvi ewm‡q †Ìqv nq| evwoi cÖ‡ekc‡_ K¬K-UvIqvi wbg©vY K‡i †mLv‡b emv‡bv
nq we‡jZ †_‡K Avbv Nwo| I‡q÷ wgb÷v‡ii weM †eb Nwoi Zv‡jB bvwK Zvj †gjvZ UvIqv‡ii Nwo|
weªwUkivRf³ hZx›`Ö‡gvn‡bi †mB cÖvmv‡ì kx‡l© DoZ BDwbqb R¨vK| G Rb¨ miKv‡ii KvQ †_‡K Avjv`v
AbygwZI wZwb wb‡qwQ‡jb| wZbZjv‡Z wQj AwWUwiqvg| bvUK‡cÖgx hZx›`Ö‡gvnb †mLv‡b Av‡qvRb Ki‡Zb bvUK-
cvjvi|
hZx›`Ö‡gvn‡bi †mB cÖvmv` AvR ¯’vbxq †jv‡Ki Kv‡Q Ôgy›`Öv K¨v‡mjÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ| 1954 mv‡j ÔGmwe nvDm
A¨vÛ j¨vÛ cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UWÕ-Gi c¶ †_‡K R‰bK †Mvcvj gy›`Öv 91 eQ‡ii Rb¨ wjR wb‡q av‡c av‡c cwieZ©b
NUvb evwowUi| evwoi eo eo Ni¸‡jv iƒcvš—wiZ n‡q‡Q †QvU †QvU d¬¨v‡U| cÖvmv‡ì evB‡ii Av`jI cwiewZ©Z
n‡q‡Q bvbv w`K †_‡K| cy‡iv evwowU‡Z Av‡Q 850wUi g‡Zv d¬¨vU, †hLv‡b evm K‡ib cÖvq 10 nvRvi evwm›`v|
i‡q‡Q `ywU ¯‹zjI| wbwe©Pv‡i cwieZ©b NUv‡bvi d‡j evwoi Avmj †PnvivUv GLb Avi Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq bv|
Avgiv GB †U‡Mvi K¨v‡m‡ji Kv‡Q G‡m weåvš— nB| KjKvZvi wNwÄ GK Rbc`, cvKv N‡ii GK ew¯—
GjvKv| IB RxY©-kxY© wNwÄ ew¯—i DuPz `vjvbwUB wK GKmg‡qi Ô†U‡Mvi K¨v‡mjÕ? K_vUv GKRb c_Pvixi Kv‡Q
Rvb‡Z PvB‡j wZwb GB `vjvb †`wL‡q nbnb K‡i P‡j hvb Avi Avgiv Mv‡j nvZ w`‡q cÖvmv` †`wL| †`wL Zvi
fvOv UvIqvi Avi †mB APj NwowU|
cv_ywiqvNvUvq hLb evOvwj Rwg`v‡iiv bvbv iKg cÖvmv` wbg©v‡Y e¨¯—, †m mgq DËi KjKvZvi Av‡iK AÂj
†Rvovmuv‡Kv MÖv‡gi VvKzi cwievi QvovI Ab¨ be¨ Rwg`v‡iiv †ek K‡qKwU cÖvmv` evwb‡qwQ‡jb| Zvi K‡qKwU
Avgiv Ny‡i †`wL †m mgq|
†Rvovmuv‡Kvi ivRevwo: ivRv †bB, dwKi Av‡Q

†Rvovmuv‡Kv MÖvgwU‡Z ØviKvbv_ VvKz‡ii K‡qK evwo ciB GKUv evwoi mvg‡b mvBb‡ev‡W© Bs‡iwR‡Z †jLv
JORASANKO RAJBATI. †Kv‡bv GK Avg‡j †k¦Zgg©‡ii Ici †jLv n‡qwQj GB evwoi bvg| GLb
Avcbv-Avcwb Lm‡Z Lm‡Z Zvi RxY©-kxY© iƒc| RxY©, Acwi”Qbœ †MU| AhZœ-Ae‡njv m‡q Kv‡ji mv¶¨ enb Kiv
jvj B‡Ui GK cÖvmv‡`vcg evwo| ivRevwo †h‡nZz bvg, Gi m‡½ ivRv I cÖRvi m¤ú„w³ wbðqB _vK‡e| Avgiv
GKUz †fZ‡i XzK‡ZB †`wL cÖavb dU‡Ki Kv‡Q evwoi GKUv †bg‡cU| Zv‡Z †jLv: ÔwgbwZ ivq, 286 iex›`Ö
miwYÕ|
23
†mv‡nj, MM© Avi Bgivb‡K wb‡q Xz‡K cwo evwoi †fZ‡i| j¶ Kwi, wKQy¶Y Av‡M gnwl© fe‡b †hiKg mi“
GKUv †M‡Ui †fZi w`‡q cÖ‡ek K‡iwQjvg, GKB wWRvB‡bi †mB †MU w`‡q Xz‡K Avgiv †fZ‡ii †h cwimi †`wL,
Zvi m‡½ ÔVvKzievUxÕi †Kv‡bv Awgj †bB| †mB Uvbv eviv›`v, †ZZjv Ni, cÖ‡ek-†Zvi‡Yi wecixZ cv‡k GKUv
gÂ, †hLv‡b m¤¢eZ c~Rv-cve©Y ev Abyôvbvwì Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
wKš‘ VvKzievwoi m‡½ cÖavb dvivK GB †h, GB evwowU‡Z GLb †`wL wKQy ev¯‘nviv, AwZ`wi`ª gvby‡li AvcvZ-
AvkÖ‡qi GKUv RvqMv| jyw½ civ wKQy †jvK fi`ycy‡i †d¬v‡ii Ici MvgQv †c‡Z ï‡q Av‡Q| Avkcv‡k ZvwK‡q
†Zgb †Kv‡bv Rbgvbe †`wL bv, †h wK bv Avgv‡ì cÖ‡ek i“× Ki‡e, wKsev Avgv‡ì †Kv‡bv cÖ‡kœi Reve †`‡e|
†h KwU gvbemš—vb‡K †fZ‡ii Uvbv eviv›`vq †`L‡Z cvB, ZvivI PvUvB wewQ‡q gnvb‡›` wèvwb`ªvq gË|
Ni¸‡jvi mvg‡b †QvU †QvU mvBb‡evW© †`‡L ey‡S †dwj, Gi †Kv‡bvUv †Kv‡bv DwK‡ji †P¤^vi, †Kv‡bvUv †Kv‡bv
gyûwii †gm|
wKQy¶Y Av‡M e„wó n‡qwQj| gvSLv‡bi DVvbUvq e„wói cvwb R‡g‡Q| GKai‡bi kxZj nvIqv eB‡Q DVvbgq|
DuPz eviv›`vq GKmgq Avgiv e‡m Avivg K‡i †Kv‡bv GK Avg‡ji †Kv‡bv GK ÔivRvÕi cÖvmv` †`wL|
GK cv‡k DuwK w`‡ZB GK gwnjv‡K †`Lv †Mj| GK i“‡g Mv`vMvw` K‡i wZb-PviRb wb‡q Av‡Qb| Zuvi m‡½
K_v ej‡Z †M‡j GB ivRevwo wb‡q †Kv‡bv ReveB w`‡Z cv‡ib bv| e‡jb, Avgiv fvov _vwK, Z‡e GB evwoi
gvwj‡Ki GK AvÍxq _v‡Kb †ZZjvq| Zuv‡K WvK‡j wZwb G‡m K_v ej‡Z cv‡ib| †g‡qwUi wKQy Qwe †Zvjv n‡q‡Q
Gi g‡a¨| †m Avgv‡ì cÖwZ †gvUvgywU cÖxZ| GKmgq †m Ic‡i P‡j hvq Ô†jvKÕ WvK‡Z| Avgiv e‡m e‡m cÖvPxb
ivRevwo †`wL|
G ai‡bi cÖvq me Rwg`vievwoi †Pnviv GKB| gvSLv‡b GKUv †Lvjv RvqMv| Zvi Pvicv‡k Ni| GLv‡bI
ZvB| †`vZjv evwowUi Pvicv‡kB cÖk¯— Uvbv eviv›`v| KZK¸‡jv †Rvov Kwiwš’qvb Kjvg D‡V †M‡Q eviv›`v
†_‡K| Zv‡ì Ic‡ii AskUzKz bKkv Kiv Ges Aa©e„ËvKvi wLjvb w`‡q Kjvg †_‡K Kjv‡g mshy³| †fZ‡i mv`v
is| evB‡i †iW A·vBW gvLv‡bv jvj is, wVK †hgbwU †Rvovmuv‡Kvi VvKzievwo‡ZI wQj|
GKmgq dzj-nvZv †KvZ©v (KjviwU kv‡U©i g‡Zv, wb‡Pi Ask cvÄvwei g‡Zv| wb‡P `ycv‡k mvBW-c‡KU,
eyKc‡KU) Avi aywZ civ AkxwZci GK e„× Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q Av‡mb| Avgv‡ì cwiPq cvIqvi ci †fZ‡i GKUv
i“‡g wb‡q emvb| Zuvi bvg AZx›`Ö bvivqY ivq| GKmgq BbKvg U¨v· IKvjwZi KvR Ki‡Zb| GLb Aem‡i|
†Q‡j †bB, `yB †g‡q| Zuviv ¯^vgxi msmv‡i _v‡K| wZwb GKv c~e©cyi“‡li GB wfUvq Av‡Qb|
Zuvi wcZvg‡ni wcZvgn Øx‡b›`Ö bvivqY ivq wQ‡jb GB evwoi gvwjK, 60 eQi Av‡M GB ÔivRevUxÕ wZwb
evwb‡qwQ‡jb| Zuvi K_v ï‡b Avwg GUzKz Abygvb Ki‡Z cvwi †h, cjvkx hy‡×i ciciB wKQy †jvK †h weªwU‡ki
Avkxe©v`cyó n‡q ivZvivwZ Rwg`vi e‡b wM‡qwQ‡jb, GB Øx‡b›`Ö ivq †PŠayixI wQ‡jb Zuv‡ì `‡j| †Rvovmuv‡Kv‡Z
GB `yB abvX¨ cwiev‡iiB cÖ_g w`‡K emwZ wQj| GKwU VvKzi cwievi, AciwU ivq cwievi| GB `yB cwiev‡ii
g~j e¨w³ivI cvkvcvwk Av‡Qb| ivq cwiev‡ii GB ivRevUxwU ØviKvbv‡_i Aš—Z 30 eQi Av‡M evbv‡bv|
wmsn eveyi cÖvmv` GLb gvZ…‡mev m`b

Avgiv G evwo †_‡K †ewi‡q cv‡k Av‡iKUv †MÖ‡Kv-†ivgvb ixwZi `vjvb †`L‡Z cvB| mvg‡b KZK¸‡jv Kwiwš’qvb
Kjvg wÎfzRvK…wZi GKUv ev‡Uª‡mi Ici jvMv‡bv, †hgb wQj wMÖ‡mi cv‡_©b‡b|
fv‡jv K‡i ZvwK‡q †`wL, GUv Avm‡j GKUv nvmcvZvj, wKsev ¯^v¯’¨‡mev †K›`Ö| Bs‡iwR‡Z †jLv LOHIA
MATRI SEWA SADAN| Avwg eySjvg, GUv Ô†jvwnqv gvZ…‡mev m`bÕ| †jvwnqv nq‡Zv KviI bvg|
bvgwU †h mg‡qi, `vjvbwU †m mg‡qi nIqvi K_v bq| IUv wK Av‡iK Rwg`vi m`b? wbðqB †miKg wKQy
n‡e|
cÖvPxbKv‡ji ivRviv avwg©K wQ‡jb| Zuviv ivRKxq evmfeb bv evwb‡q Dcvmbvjq evbv‡Zb| G Pj ga¨hyM
ch©š— P‡j| wKš‘ GB fviZ AÂ‡j †gvMj‡ì AvwacZëv‡ì ci †_‡KB g~jZ †fvMev`x evmfeb evbv‡bv ïi“
K‡ib mvgš— cÖfziv| DËi KjKvZvi GB †Rvovmuv‡Kv MÖv‡g Zvi bwRi LyeB ¯úó| wn›`y -Aay¨wlZ AÂj n‡jI
cy‡iv‡bv Lvb`vwb gw›`‡ii †P‡q GLv‡b ivRevwoB †ewk|
GB gvZ…‡mev m`bwU Zvn‡j Kvi wQj?
†LuvR wb‡q Rvbv †Mj, GKmgq cÖZvckvjx wmsn cwievi GLv‡b emevm KiZ| GUv Zv‡ìB ivRevwo wQj|
GLb gvZ…m`‡bi Kv‡Q wewj‡q w`‡q Zv‡ì DËim~wiiv nq‡Zv kvwš— cv‡”Qb|
24
gg©i cÖvmv‡ì wbg©g iƒc

Avgiv GKmg‡qi wPrcyi †ivW Avi GB mg‡qi iex›`Ö miwY a‡i nuvU‡Z _vwK, g~jZ Avw` †gQyqvevRvi ev
†Rvovmuv‡Kv †jvKvjq a‡iB| Avgv‡ì g~j D‡Ïk¨, iex›`Öbv‡_i ¯§„wZweRwoZ RvqMvwU fv‡jv K‡i †`Lv|
GB †Rvovmuv‡Kv MÖv‡gi Av‡iKwU aŸsmcÖvq `vjvb †`‡L Lye Kó †c‡qwQjvg| gv‡e©j c¨v‡jm bv‡gi GB evwowU
GKmgq SbSb KiZ mv‡nwe AvwfRv‡Z¨| GLb KZK¸‡jv RxY©-kxY©, †kIjv”Qvw`Z bcysmK wcjvi‡K Lvov n‡q
_vK‡ZB ïay †`wL| Giv ùvwo‡q Av‡Q †Kej BwZnvm‡K g‡b Kwi‡q †Ìqvi Rb¨|
gv‡e©j c¨v‡jm †Rvovmuv‡Kvi VvKzievwo †_‡K wZb-Pvi wgwb‡Ui Uvbv wiKkvi c_| wKš‘ †cuŠ‡Q gb Lvivc nq
`yB Kvi‡Y| GK. mßv‡n †h wZb w`b IUv eÜ _v‡K, AvR †mB w`b| Avi `yB . GLv‡b Kov K‡i †jLv, Ô†bv
d‡UvMÖvwdÕ| Avgvi ivM mvgjv‡Z cvwi bv| fvi‡Zi ivwbi gyKzU jÛ‡bi †h Rv`yN‡i ivLv Av‡Q, Zuvi wfwWI K‡i
G‡mwQ Abvqv‡m, †gvbvwjmvi Qwe Zz‡jwQ d«v‡Ýi jyf wgDwRqv‡g, wKš‘ evey iv‡R›`Öbv_ gwjK evnv`y‡ii k‡Li
wRwbmcÎ, GgbwK im‡Mvjv †h Zvi QweI †Zvjv hv‡e bv? †kvbv hvq, ivRv iv‡R›`Öjvj gvÎ 16 eQi eq‡m
1835 mv‡j GK divwm ¯’cwZ‡K w`‡q GB gv‡e©j c¨v‡j‡mi wbg©vYKvR ïi“ Kivb| wVK G Kvi‡YB GB cÖvmv‡ì
Aeqe Ab¨ VvKzi ev ivq ev †è‡ì ivRevwoi g‡Zv nqwb| n‡q‡Q divwm auv‡PiB| Avi †m Kvi‡YB ejv n‡q
_v‡K †h, DËi KjKvZvi Ebwesk kZ‡Ki cÖvmv`¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †mŠ›`‡h©i w`K †_‡K GwU GKmgq m‡e©vËgB wQj|
wZbZjv febwUi mvg‡b Kwiwš’qvb ixwZ‡Z ˆZwi ¯—¤¢ Ges Kvi“Kvh© Kiv eo eviv›`v| ï‡bwQ, febwUi †fZ‡i
i‡q‡Q AmsL¨ fv¯‹h©| we‡kl K‡i wMÖK I †ivgvb cyiv‡Yi †è-†èx wRDm, wgbvf©v, gvK©vwi, A¨v‡cv‡jv, †niv,
†fbvm, wKDwcW †hb Rxeš— n‡q D‡V‡Q †k¦Zcv_‡ii g~wZ©‡Z| fv¯‹h© QvovI i‡q‡Q AmsL¨ †cBw›Us ev wPÎKg©|
Avwg gv‡e©j c¨v‡j‡mi Rv`yNi Ask ev` w`‡q cv‡ki `vjv‡b cÖ‡ek Kwi Uvbv wiKkv wb‡q| †`wL, wKQy Lvov
wcjvi AKvi‡Y ùvwo‡q Av‡Q| †h‡nZz ÔivRvÕi cwiev‡ii m`mïv GL‡bv G evwo‡Z evm K‡ib, ZvB `k©bv_©xiv ïay
febwUi GKwU As‡kB XzK‡Z cv‡ib| cÖvmv‡ì A›ìgn‡j Ges cÖmv‡ì †fZ‡i Aew¯’Z RMbœv_‡`‡ei gw›`‡i
†XvKvi AwaKvi Zv‡ì †bB| `v‡ivqvb †Z‡o Avmvi Av‡MB Avgv‡K wb‡q †ewi‡q Av‡m wiKkvIqvjv|
DËi KjKvZvi GB gv‡e©j c¨v‡jm GL‡bv Aóv`k I Ebwesk kZvãxi evey-ms¯‹…wZ I wejvm-êf‡ei K_v g‡b
Kwi‡q †`q| iex›`Öbv‡_i me‡P‡q wbKUcÖwZ‡ekx wQ‡jb GB eveyiv| gwjK evey hwÌ Zuvi wcZvi †P‡q eq‡m eo
wQ‡jb, wbðq Zuvi wcZvgn ØviKvbv‡_i m‡½ gwjK eveyi mym¤úK© wQj| Bs‡iR‡ì wb‡q g”Qe Kivi Av‡qvR‡b
Zuv‡ì Rywo wQj bv| mÜ¨v n‡j wbðqB b~cyiwbK¡Y cÖwZaŸwbZ n‡Zv gv‡e©jLwPZ A›ìgnj †_‡K|
DËi KjKvZvi wPrcy‡ii †gQyqvevRvi bvgwU A‡bK Av‡MB Avovj n‡q‡Q †Rvovmuv‡Kvi Kv‡Q| GLvbKvi
AwfRvZ †kÖwYi g‡a¨ emevm K‡iI iex›`Öbv_ eo Avjv`v| cÖvmv‡ì Rwg`vwi‡K AeÁv K‡i Gi †P‡qI eo
cwim‡i e¨vß nIqvi K_vB †Zv wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb ÔRM‡Zi Rwg`vwiÕ cÖe‡Ü| e‡jwQ‡jb, ÔZzwg Rwg wKwb‡ZB e¨¯—,
RM‡Zi Rwg`vix evovB‡Z gb `vI bv †Kb? Zzwg †Zv g¯— abx, †Zvgvi A‡c¶v GKRb Kwe abx †Kb? †Zvgvi
RM‡Zi A‡c¶v Zuvnvi RMr e„nr| AZ e‡ov Rwg Kvnvi Av‡Q? wZwb †h P›`Ö m~h© MÖn b¶Î `Lj Kwiqv ewmqv
Av‡Qb| †Zvgvi RM‡Zi gvbwP‡Î DË‡i Avwd‡mi †`qvj, `w¶‡Y Avwd‡mi †`qvj, c~‡e©I ZvnvB, cwð‡gI
ZvnvB| Kwew`‡Mi Kv‡Q, Ávbxw`‡Mi Kv‡Q welqKg© †kL| †Zvgvi RMr-Rwg`vixi mxgv evovB‡Z Avi¤¢ Ki|
Avwd‡mi †`qvj AwZµg Kwiqv w`Mš— ch©š— jBqv hvI, w`Mš— AwZµg Kwiqv mg¯— c„w_ex ch©š— †eób Ki,
c„w_ex AwZµg Kwiqv †R¨vwZ®‹gÊ‡j hvI Ges mg¯— RMr AwZµg Kwiqv Amx‡gi w`‡K mxgv AMÖmi Kwi‡Z
_vK| Avwg †Zv †`wL‡ZwQ †Zvgvi hZB Rwg evwo‡Z‡Q ZZB RMr Kwg‡Z‡Q| G †hb fqvbK †jvKmv‡bi jvf|Õ
iex›`Öbv_ GB fqvbK †jvKmv‡bi jvf-¶wZi LvZvq wb‡Ri bvg †jLvbwb e‡jB wPrcy‡ii †gQyqvevRvi GLb
Avi †Kv‡bv †è-ivq-gwj-K-wmsnevey‡ì wKQy bv, DËi KjKvZv GLb †Kej VvKz‡ii|
25
mv‡n‡ei cÖvmv`bMi
KjKvZvi bZzb ms¯‹vi Kiv †bZvwR myfvlP›`Ö emy Avš—R©vwZK wegvbe›`‡i KjKvZv‡K †Pbv‡bvi Rb¨ `y‡Uv
†gvwUd eënvi Kiv nq| Zvi GKwU GKRb gvby‡li, wZwb iex›`Öbv_ VvKzi| Av‡iKwU GKwU cÖvmv‡`vcg `vjvb|
bvgÑwf‡±vwiqv †g‡gvwiqvj| Rvwb, KjKvZv GKmgq myL¨vZ n‡qwQj wmwU Ae c¨v‡jm wn‡m‡e| †mUv g‡b Kwi‡q
†Ìqvi Rb¨B wegvbe›`‡i †mB `vjv‡bi Qwe|
KjKvZvi cÖvmv` †`Lvi cÖ_g my‡hvM n‡qwQj 1990 mv‡j, Avgvi cÖ_g KjKvZv md‡ii mg‡qB| KjKvZvi
wZb k eQi c~wZ©i Av‡qvR‡bi w`b mÜ¨vq Avgv‡ì wZb iK‡g Avc¨vqb Kiv n‡qwQj| UvwjMÄ K¬ve, KjKvZv K¬ve
Avi wf‡±vwiqv †g‡gvwiqvj wQj †mB wZb †fby¨| Z…Zxq mÜ¨vq †fvRevwRi (wKQy bvP, Mvb I c‡i Avnvi) Rb¨
wb‡q hvIqv n‡qwQj Ôwf‡±vwiqv †g‡gvwiqvjÕ-G|
GB cÖ_g KjKvZvi †Kv‡bv eo `vjvb Avgvi †`Lvi my‡hvM n‡qwQj| Avgv‡ì GB Avm‡i †ek KRb cwðgv
¯’cwZI wQ‡jb| Lvbvwcbvi gnv Av‡qvRb wQj wf‡±vwiqvi j‡b| wKš‘ nVvr K‡i †`wL GK KvbvwWqvb Zi“Y
¯’cwZ-hyMj wf‡±vwiqv †g‡gvwiqvj n‡ji GKUv wcjv‡i nvZ †i‡L ùvwo‡q Av‡Q| Avgvi nv‡Z K¨v‡giv †`‡L
Zv‡ì GKRb Zv‡ì K¨v‡givUv Avgvi Kv‡Q w`‡q Qwe Zzj‡Z PvBj|
Avwg Qwe Zzj‡Z Zzj‡Z Zv‡ì m‡½ K_v ewj| Avgv‡K e‡j, GB MZ `yw`b a‡i †m KjKvZvi `vjvb‡KvVv
hZB †`L‡Q, ZZB gy» n‡”Q| †m eyS‡Z cv‡i bv, Zv‡ì ILv‡b †h mgq †Kv‡bv k³ gvwUi NiB wQj bv, †m mgq
GLv‡b Gme AÆvwjKv n‡q‡Q| Avi AvR? Av‡gwiKv-KvbvWv †Kv_vq P‡j †M‡Q, A_P KjKvZv †hLv‡b wQj,
†mLv‡bB i‡q †M‡Q|
†mB KvbvWxq Zi“Y ¯’cwZ-hyM‡ji K_v Avwg GL‡bv fvwe| AvgviI evievi g‡b nq, KjKvZv †Kgb K‡i
GKmgq ÔcÖvmv` bMixÕi gh©v`v †c‡qwQj| Avevi †KbB ev GLb Zvi Ggb Ki“Y `kv!
KjKvZv‡K MZ 25 eQi a‡i Avwg †`LwQ| GB mgqcwim‡i KjKvZv e`‡j‡Q A‡bKUzKzB| Z‡e †mUv Zvi
bZzb M‡o IVv AÂ‡j| wKš‘ Gi Av‡M, ¯’vqx KjKvZvi †h cÖvmv‡`vcg AÂjwU Avgv‡K evievi cwð‡gi †Kv‡bv
kni‡K g‡b Kwi‡q †`q, †mUzKz‡K Avwg KL‡bvB fzj‡Z cvwi bv|
1990 mv‡ji ci KjKvZvq eo ai‡bi md‡i Avwm Avwg 1997 mv‡j| miKvwi Uz¨wi÷ evm wb‡q Avwg Ny‡i
†`wL Zvi ¯’vcwZ¨K iƒc| nvZ‡o wdwi Zvi weKvk I weeZ©‡bi BwZnvmI|
KjKvZvq †mevi Avgiv w_‡qUvi †ivW †_‡K Uz¨wi÷ ev‡m K‡i mviv w`b KjKvZv Ny‡iwQjvg| GKmgq wekvj
Avo¤îc~Y© cÖvmv‡`vcg KZ¸‡jv fe‡bi mvg‡b Mvwo G‡m _v‡g| wekvj AvK…wZi GB cÖvmv`¸‡jvi Qwe †Zvjvi
Rb¨ †b‡g Avwm evm †_‡K| Uz¨‡ii evwK As‡k Avi evm w`‡q hvIqv n‡jv bv| KjKvZvq †hme ¯’vcbv Zvi ÔcÖvmv`
bMixÕi †LZvecÖvwß‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡iwQj, Zvi wmsnfvMB wQj GLv‡b| ejv n‡jv, Gi bvg ÔWvjnvDwm †¯‹vqviÕ| GB
PZ¡‡ii †Kivwbcvovi `vjvb‡KvVv w`‡qB ïi“ n‡qwQj KjKvZvi cÖvmv`xKiY|
KjKvZvi GB m¤£vš— Awdmcvov ˆZwii †cQ‡b wQj GK ivR‰bwZK BwZnvm|

1690 wLªóv‡ãi 24 AvM÷ †Rve Pvb©K bv‡gi GK ewYK AviI 37 Rb Bs‡iR wb‡q Zvi evwYR¨Zwi fvMxi_x
b`xi Zx‡i myZvbywU bv‡gi GK MÖv‡g †bvOi †d‡j| evwYR¨ZwiwU gv`ªvR †_‡K G‡mwQj| †Rve Pvb©K GB `jwUi
cÖavb| †lvok kZ‡Ki ga¨fvM †_‡KB BD‡ivcxq ewY‡Kiv G †`‡k evwYR¨NuvwU Mvo‡Z ïi“ K‡iwQj| 1600
mv‡j B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb cÖwZwôZ nq| evsjvq evwYR¨KzwV Kivi B‡”Q Zv‡ì wQj, wKš‘ cZ©zwMR I Ij›`vR‡ì
m‡½ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq Gu‡U DV‡Z cviwQj bv| 1679 mv‡j Bs‡iRiv cÖ_g G‡mwQj ûMjx b`xi Zx‡i GLbKvi
Mv‡W©bwi‡P, wKš‘ myweav Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| †Rve Pvb©K wQ‡jb †Kv¤úvwbi GKRb mvaviY wbæc`¯’ Kg©Pvix| wZwb
Av‡MI AviI `yevi GB AÂjUv Ny‡i wM‡qwQ‡jb| GB AÂ‡ji b`xc‡_ hvZvqv‡Zi m~‡Î Zuvi wKQy AwfÁZv wQj|
Pvb©K gv`ªvR KzwVi Bs‡iR‡ì †evSv‡Z m¶g nb †h, myZvbywU Zv‡ì evwYR¨KzwV ¯’vc‡bi Dchy³ ¯’vb n‡Z cv‡i|
1690-Gi RyjvB gv‡m gv`ªvR †_‡K AviI 37 Rb‡K wb‡q †Rve Pvb©‡Ki evwYR¨Zwi myZvbywU‡Z †bvOi †d‡j
GKB eQ‡ii 24 AvM÷|
GB †Rve Pvb©‡Ki gva¨‡gB KjKvZvq Bs‡iR‡ì LuywU Mvovi m~Pbv n‡jI †Lv` KjKvZv bMixi cÖwZôvZv
wn‡m‡e A‡b‡KB Zuv‡K gvb‡Z bvivR| Zv‡ì fvl¨, †Rve Pvb©‡Ki Av‡M †_‡KB KjKvZv evwYR¨ bMix wn‡m‡e
cÖwZwôZ wQj| 1694 mv‡j Pvb©‡Ki g„Zzï ci †Kv¤úvwbi G‡R›U n‡q Av‡mb Zuvi RvgvZv Pvj©m Avqvi| Zv‡K
26
†Kv¤úvwb civgk© †`q †h K‡iB †nvK, A_©vr K‚U‡KŠk‡ji AvkÖq wb‡q n‡jI myZvbywU Ges jv‡Mvqv `ywU MÖ vg wWwn
KwjKvZv I †Mvwe›`cy‡ii Rwg`vwi ¯^Z¡ Av`vq Ki‡Z n‡e †gvMj ev`kvi KvQ †_‡K| MÖvg wZbwU wQj †envjvi
mveY© †PŠayix‡ì Rwg`vwii Aš—M©Z| Zuviv MÖvg wZbwUi Rwg`vwi-¯^Z¡ Bs‡iR ewYK‡ì Kv‡Q wewµ Kivi e¨vcv‡i
m¤§Z wQ‡jb bv| d‡j Ab¨ c_ aij a~Z© Bs‡iR ewY‡Kiv| e„× †gvMj ev`kvn AvIi½‡R‡ei kvmb ZLb wkL I
gvivVv we‡`ªvn `g‡b RR©wiZ, `ye©j| AvIi½‡R‡ei bvwZ AvwRgywÏb‡K cÖPzi bRivbv †Ìqvi wewbg‡q Zviv GB
wZbwU MÖv‡gi `Lj`vwii m¤§wZ Av`vq K‡i wbj| 1 nvRvi 300 UvKv ¶wZc~i‡Yi wewbg‡q mveY© †PŠayix‡ì KvQ
†_‡K wWwn KjKvZv, †Mvwe›`cyi I myZvbywUi Rwg`vwi ¯^Z¡ wK‡b wbj Bs‡iR ewY‡Kiv| GB `wjjwU GLb Av‡Q
weªwUk wgDwRqv‡g| †m `wjj ¯^v¶wiZ n‡qwQj 1698 mv‡ji 10 b‡f¤î| Avi †mUv n‡qwQj †Rve Pvb©‡Ki g„Zzï
cuvP eQi ci| Bs‡iRiv bZzb KjKvZvi †SvcR½j cwi®‹vi K‡i Zv‡ì emev‡mi Rb¨ bvbvb eë¯’v K‡i, evB‡ii
bvbv wKQyi Dc`ª‡ei f‡q `yM© evbvj, bvbv cÖv‡š—i ewYK-eëmvqxiv Bs‡iR‡ì Rwg`vwi GjvKvq G‡m evmv
euva‡jb| evsjvi Z`vbxš—b beve Avwjew`©i kvmbKv‡j ewM©i wbiew”Qbœ nvgjvi nvZ †_‡K euvP‡Z A‡b‡KB
wbivc` AvkÖq wb‡jb KjKvZvq G‡m| KjKvZvi †jvKmsL¨v evo‡Z jvMj|
†m mgq gvby‡li PjvPj ev †hvMv‡hv‡Mi GKgvÎ gva¨g wQj b`xc_| we‡`wk KviI Zv‡ì AvµgY Ki‡Z Avm‡Z
n‡j GB b`xc_ w`‡qB Avm‡Z n‡Zv| myZivs cÖwZ‡iva Mov Ges kÎ“‡K aŸsm Kivi j¶ †_‡K b`x †_‡K
kÎ“c‡¶i Zx‡i bvgvi Av‡MB Kvgvb evwM‡q wb‡R‡ì myi¶vi me‡P‡q kw³kvjx `yM© wn‡m‡eB G‡K M‡o †Zvjv
n‡qwQj| 1706 mv‡j hLb Gi KvR †kl nq, ZLb Bsj¨v‡Ûi ivRv Z…Zxq DBwjqvg ¶gZvq| myZivs Zuvi bvg‡K
fviZ f‚L‡Ê cÖwZwôZ Kivi Rb¨ GB †Kjvi bvg ivLv nq Ô†dvU© DBwjqvgÕ|
1707 mv‡ji Rwic Abyhvqx ZLbKvi KjKvZvi mxgvbv wQj eDevRvi †_‡K cwð‡g jvjw`wN eo evRvi
ch©š—| †gvU Rwgi AvU fv‡Mi GK fvM wQj emwZ| UvDb KjKvZvi Pvi fv‡Mi GK fvM Rwg‡Z avb Pvl Kiv
n‡Zv| webq †Nv‡li GKwU eB‡Z †m mgqKvi KjKvZvi GKUv †fŠ‡MvwjK Qwe cvIqv hvq| †mUv wQj Ggb †h,
GLbKvi †PŠi½x AÂjUv wQj †Mvwe›`cyi MÖv‡gi g‡a¨ Avi wPrcyimn DËi KjKvZv wQj myZvbywU MÖvgRy‡o|
myZvbywUi 1 nvRvi 700 weNv Rwgi g‡a¨ 150 weNviI Kg Rwg‡Z wQj †jvKemwZ| †ewki fvM Rwg‡ZB avb Pvl
Kiv n‡Zv| GB wQj Avw` KjKvZvi †Pnviv|
KjKvZvi †m›Uªvj Kgvwk©qvj wWw÷ª± ev cwðgv †`‡k †hUv‡K WvDb UvDb wn‡m‡e WvKv nq, †dvU© DBwjqvg
RvqMvwU GLb A‡bKUv †miK‡giB wKQy| eZ©gv‡b †hLv‡b †Rbv‡ij †cv÷ Awdm, B÷vb© †ijI‡q Awdm, Kv÷g
nvDm Ges miKvwi Awdm¸‡jv M‡o D‡V‡Q, †mLv‡bB wQj `y‡M©i cÖK…Z Ae¯’vb|
†Kv¤úvwbi wbivcËv weav‡bi Rb¨ `yM©wU ˆZwi n‡jI ïi“ †_‡KB Gi KvVv‡gvwU wQj Î“wUc~Y©| 1756 mv‡j
†dvU© DBwjqv‡gi Mfb©i iRvi †WªK hLb beve wmivR‡ÏŠjv‡K KjKvZv Avµg‡Y cÖ‡ivwPZ K‡ib, ZLbB `y‡M©i
Kvh©KvwiZvi cix¶v n‡q hvq| wmivR Lye mn‡RB KjKvZv `Lj K‡i `y‡M© cÖ‡ek K‡ib Ges 1756 mv‡ji 19 Ryb
Mfb©i †WªK I Zuvi ˆmb¨mvgš—‡K `yM© Qvo‡Z eva¨ K‡ib| GLvb †_‡KB cy‡iv‡bv †dv‡U©i aŸs‡mi ïi“|
wKš‘ cieZ©x djvdj wmiv‡Ri AbyK‚‡j wQj bv| GKmgq Zuv‡K civRq eiY Ki‡Z nq| †dv‡U©i `Lj P‡j hvq
B÷ BwÛqviB nv‡Z|
1707 mv‡j AvIi½‡R‡ei g„Zzï ci †_‡K †gvMj kvm‡bi cZ‡bi w`b †Mvbv ïi“ n‡q hvq| evsjv‡Z †Kv‡bv
†K›`Öxq kvmb wQj bv| evsjvi ¯^vaxb beve wbtmš—vb Avwjew`© Lvb Zuvi bevwe, cvwievwiK Kjn Avi gywk©`vev`
wb‡q e¨¯—| Bs‡iR ewY‡Kiv eëmv Kivi AbygwZ †c‡q KjKvZv‡K Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì mvgªvR¨ M‡o Zzj‡Z evsjvi
bevweI `Lj Kivi lohš¿ ïi“ K‡iwQj| BwZg‡a¨ Zviv †dvU© DBwjqvg `yM© evwb‡q †mbv †gvZv‡qb K‡i‡Q|
Avwjew`©i †`ŠwnÎ Zi“Y wmivR Bs‡iR‡ì GB J×‡Zï wKQyUv AuvP †c‡qwQ‡jb| 1756 mv‡ji 9 GwcÖj
Avwjew`©i g„Zzï ci bev‡ei Avm‡b emvi wZb gvm ciB Bs‡iR‡ì wk¶v w`‡Z wmivR KjKvZv AvµgY K‡ib|
Bs‡iRiv civ¯— nq| KjKvZvi bvg cwiewZ©Z n‡q nq ÔAvwjbMiÕ| KjKvZvq †Ru‡K emv Bs‡iRiv wVK GK eQi
ciB wmiv‡Ri cÖgyL gš¿x Ges wgi Rvd‡ii wek¦vmNvZKZv, cvkvcvwk Zv‡ì wek¦¯ — evOvwj †ewbqv‡ì
mn‡hvwMZvi e‡j ejxqvb n‡q cÖwZ‡kva †bq 1757 mv‡ji 23 Ryb cjvkx‡Z| wgi Rvd‡ii wek¦vmNvZKZvq
wmivR civwRZ nb| AvÍ‡Mvcb Ki‡Z wM‡q aiv c‡ob| AwP‡iB Zuv‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq| †m BwZnvm meviB Rvbv|
cjvkx-DËi hy‡M weªwUk B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb evsjvi ivRbxwZ‡Z fvM¨wbqš¿K wn‡m‡e Avwef©‚Z nq| gnv
Avb‡›` B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb Zv‡ì ¶gZv ¯’vqx Kivi Rb¨ wbiew”Qbœ ZrciZv Pvwj‡q hvq| Zviv Zv‡ì `yM©‡K
AviI gReyZ K‡i †Zv‡j| 1780 mvj bvMv` `y‡M©i AwaKvsk KvR †kl n‡q hvq| Iqv‡ib †nw÷s‡mi mgq `yM©wU
27
eënv‡ivc‡hvMx n‡q I‡V| 80 eQi ci hLb bZzb K‡i `yM© wbg©v‡Yi KvR ïi“ nq, ZLb †_‡KB KvKZvjxqfv‡e
ïi“ nq iex›`Ö hyM| 1860-Gi `k‡K `y‡M©i wØZxq ch©v‡qi wbg©vYKv‡R nvZ †Ìqv nq Ges Zv Ebwesk kZvãxi
†kl Aewa P‡j|
b`xi Zxi‡Nulv GB `yM©wUi AvK…wZ AófzRvK…wZi| Gi cuvP w`K ¯’jfv‡Mi w`‡K| wZb w`K b`xi w`‡K
cÖmvwiZ| `y‡M© cÖ‡e‡ki Rb¨ mvZwU cÖ‡ekc_ wQj| †Mvovi w`‡K wbwg©Z e¨vivK¸‡jv wQj GKZjv| †m›U wcUvi‡K
DrmM© Kiv GKwU wMR©v wQj `y‡M©i †fZ‡i| Ebwesk kZvãxi †klv‡a© bZzb e¨vivK wbg©vY Kiv nq| Zvi m‡½ _v‡K
ch©vß cvbxq R‡ji mieivn Ges wPwKrmvMZ eë¯’v| `y‡M©i wbg©vYKvR hLb m¤ú~Y© nq, ZLb c~e© fvi‡Z B÷
BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb m‡e©v”P ivR‰bwZK kw³ wn‡m‡e Avwef©‚Z| gRvi e¨vcvi, †dvU© DBwjqvg KL‡bv Ae‡iv‡ai
gy‡LvgywL nqwb| Zvi cÖvPxikxl© †_‡K †Kv‡bv Kvgvb ev e›`yK kÎ“i D‡Ï‡k¨ †Mvjv ev ¸wjel©Y K‡iwb| fviZe‡l©
Bs‡iR kvm‡bi fveM¤¢xi `k©bxq wb`k©b wn‡m‡eB †dvU© DBwjqv‡gi Ae¯’vb|
XvKvi m‡½ KjKvZv‡K Avwg Zzjbv Ki‡Z ïi“ Kwi †mB 1990 mvj †_‡KB| †`‡ki evB‡i †`Lv Ab¨ kni
e‡jB nq‡Zv, GKmgq g‡b n‡Zv, XvKvq hv Av‡Q, KjKvZvq Zv †bB| Avevi KjKvZvq GZ wKQy, XvKvq †Zv Zv
†bB| gvbylR‡bi †ekf‚lv Avi †`vKvbcv‡Ui †PnvivmyiZ †`‡L Avgvi g‡b n‡Zv, XvKv †Zv A‡bK fv‡jv, A‡bK
DbœZ| ivRavbxZ¡ nviv‡bvi ciI †MŠi‡ei m‡½ Zvi BwZnvm HwZn¨ wb‡q wU‡K _vKv Aš—Z `y‡Uv eo kni Avgvi
†`Lv Av‡Q| GKwU Zzi‡¯‹i B¯—v¤^yj, Ab¨wU †cvj¨v‡Ûi µv‡Kvf| wKš‘ GB KjKvZv‡K †Kb †hb Avwg IB
kni¸‡jvi g‡Zv K‡i †`L‡Z cvB bv| Zvi ciI KjKvZv, we‡kl K‡i Zvi DËivs‡ki w`‡K Avwg hLbB hvB,
Avgv‡K evievi GB bMixi cÖvmv‡`vcg `vjvb¸‡jv Zvi AZx‡Zi K_v ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q| KjKvZv ÔWvjnvDwmÕi
`vjvb¸‡jv‡K Avwg AeÁv Ki‡Z cvwi bv|
†Kivwbcvov †_‡K weev`xevM

1757 mv‡j cjvkxi hy‡× jW© K¬vB‡fi Rq, Avi evsjvi beve wmiv‡Ri civRq Bs‡iR‡ì bZzb mgxKi‡Yi m½x
K‡i| Zviv eyS‡Z cv‡i, ¯’vbxq evOvwj‡ì Lye mn‡RB Zv‡ì ÔeveyÕ evwb‡q Kvey K‡i ivLv m¤¢e| GKw`‡K
Bs‡iR‡ì ek¨Zv¯^xKviKvix wKQy evey‡kÖwYi Rš§ n‡Z _v‡K Avi Bs‡iRivI KjKvZv‡K Zv‡ì ivRavbx evwb‡q
evwYR¨ I cÖkvmb Pvwj‡q †h‡Z _v‡K| 1773 mv‡j KjKvZv‡K ivRavbx‡Z iƒcvš—‡ii ci †_‡KB ïi“ nq ¯’vqx
KvVv‡gv wbg©v‡Yi cvjv| ivRavbx iƒcvš—‡ii 2-3 eQi Av‡MB Zviv ïi“ K‡iwQj †Kivwb‡ì Rb¨ GKUv feb|
evbvq ÔivBUvm© wewìsÕ| Zvi ˆkjxwU wQj G‡Kev‡iB Bs‡iR Nivbvi|
KviY, 1770 mv‡j ¯’vwcZ GB ivBUvm© wewìs‡mi bKkv cÖ¯‘Z K‡iwQ‡jb Ugvm jvqb| 1747 mv‡j Bsj¨v‡Û
Rš§MÖnYKvix GB ¯’cwZ‡K wb‡q Avmv n‡jv KjKvZvi g‡Zv GKUv RvqMvq wKQy †Kivwbi emevm Kivi †KvqvU©vi
evbv‡bvi Rb¨| wZwb ZLb Zuvi wb‡Ri Rvbv BD‡ivcxq ixwZ‡Z KZ¸‡jv `vjv‡bi bKkv K‡ib| 1771 mv‡j Ugvm
jvqb weªwUk B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi BD‡ivcxq †Kivwb‡ì emev‡mi Rb¨ DwbkwU c„_K A¨vcvU©‡g›U ˆZwi K‡ib|
G¸‡jv †`L‡Z wQj mvwie× †`vKv‡bi g‡Zv| GB †Kivwb‡ì ejv n‡Zv ivBUvi| G‡ì bvg †_‡KB fe‡bi bvg
nq ÔivBUvm© wewìsmÕ| 1776 mv‡j Iqv‡ib †nw÷s‡mi Avg‡j †kl n‡jv KZ¸‡jv †ZZjv wewìs‡qi KvR| †m
mgq ch©š— GUvB wQj KjKvZvq cÖ_g †Kv‡bv †ZZjv `vjvb| Gici AviI KZ¸‡jv ch©vq AwZµg K‡iwQj GB
Kg‡c·| †m mgq GB feb¸‡jv‡Z _vK‡Zb wbæ‡kÖwYi Bs‡iR †Kivwbiv| 1800 mv‡j ˆZwi Kiv n‡jv †dvU©
DBwjqvg K‡jR| †mLv‡b GB Bs‡iR †Kivwb‡ì wb‡q wM‡q ms¯‹…Z, Aviwe, dviwm, evsjv, wnw›` I D`y© fvlv
†kLv‡bv n‡Z _v‡K| cÖvP¨‡`kxq GB fvlv¸‡jv †kLvi GKUv eo †K›`Ö n‡q I‡V †dvU© DBwjqvg †Kjvi †fZ‡i
M‡o IVv GB †dvU© DBwjqvg K‡jR| GB K‡jR †_‡KB B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb‡Z eëmv Ki‡Z Avmv Bs‡iR
ewYKKzj fviZxq fvlv wkL‡Z ïi“ K‡i| KviY, GLv‡b eëmvevwYR¨ Ki‡Z G‡m Bs‡iRiv †Ui cvq †h `xN©w`b
Zv‡ì GLv‡b _vK‡Z n‡e| G AÂ‡ji gvby‡li fvlv eyS‡Z bv cvi‡j Zv‡ì fv‡jvfv‡e kvmbI Kiv hv‡e bv| †m
Kvi‡Y cÖvP¨‡`kxq fvlv Zviv wb‡RivI wkL‡Z ïi“ K‡i| cvkvcvwk eo eo Bs‡iR cwÊZ‡ì wb‡q G‡m
DwjwLZ fviZxq fvlv¸‡jv †kLv‡bv n‡Z _v‡K|
†m mgq fviZ †_‡K Bsj¨v‡Û cvPvi n‡Zv Avwdg, wméÑGme wRwbm| Avi Bsj¨vÛ †_‡K Rvnv‡R K‡i Avm‡Z
_v‡K Bs‡iR Kg©Pvix-Kg©KZ©v| Zv‡ì eënvwiK wRwbmc‡Îi m‡½I Avm‡Z ïi“ K‡i †nvgvi, †kK&mwcqvi,
`v‡š—i iPbv| Bs‡iwR †_‡KI †m¸‡jv evsjvq Ab~w`Z n‡Z _v‡K| evsjvi cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q cwðgv mvwn‡Zï ìRv
28
Ly‡j hvq| GLv‡bB M‡o I‡V A‡bK¸‡jv `vjvb| GB `vjvb¸‡jv‡KB c‡i ÔWvjnvDwm †¯‹vqviÕ bv‡g WvKv n‡Z
_v‡K|
GL‡bv ch©š— KjKvZvq me‡P‡q Avo¤îc~Y© ¯’vcwZ¨K GjvKv wn‡m‡e †Kv‡bv wKQyi bvg ej‡jB ÔWvjnvDwmÕi
K_v ej‡Z n‡e| hwÌ GLb Avi `vjvb‡KvVv ev mvBb‡ev‡W© †Kv_vI ÔWvjnvDwm †¯‹vqviÕ †jLvwU cvIqv hv‡e bv,
Z‡e U¨vw·Iqvjv, GgbwK mvaviY cw_KI G RvqMvwU‡K G bv‡gB †W‡K _v‡Kb| 1990 Ges Zvi wKQy ciI Uªvg
ev ev‡mi Ici ÔWvjnvDwmÕ †jLv Avwg †`‡LwQ| wKš‘ †ek KÕeQi a‡i †`LwQ GB bvgwU cv‡ë‡Q| cv‡ë Zvi bvg
n‡q‡Q Ôweev`xevMÕ A_©vr Ôwebq ev`j `x‡bk evMÕ| wKš‘ gvby‡li gyL †_‡K G bvg cy‡ivUv cvëvqwb| GUv ûMjx
b`xi Kv‡QB ga¨ KjKvZvi cwðgvs‡k Aew¯’Z| jvjw`wN bv‡gi GKwU cÖvPxb w`wN‡K †K›`Ö K‡i GB PZ¡iwU M‡o
I‡V| AvR‡Ki GB KjKvZv †h wZbwU MÖvg wb‡q MwVZ n‡qwQj, Zv‡ì GKwU MÖv‡gi bvg wQj ÔwWwn KwjKvZvÕ|
†mB ÔwWwn KwjKvZvÕ †_‡KB AvR‡Ki KjKvZv bv‡gi Avwef©ve e‡j †ewki fvM HwZnvwm‡Ki gZ| †mB ÔwWwn
KwjKvZvÕ MÖvgwU Bs‡iR Avg‡j Ô†nvqvBU UvDbÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ wQj| mv`v Pvgovi †jvKR‡bi Av¯—vbv wQj e‡jB
GB bvg|
WvjnvDwmi bvgUv GLb gy‡Q †Ìqv n‡jI KjKvZvi BwZnvm †_‡K Zvi bvg miv‡bv AZ mnR bq| †Rgm GÛª –
eªvDb-ivgwmB n‡”Qb WvjnvDwmi cÖ_g gv‡K©R| ivgwmi g~j bvg XvKv c‡o †M‡Q| GLb WvjnvDwm bv‡gB Zuvi
cwiwPwZ| GjvKvi bv‡g bvgKiY Kiv| †evLvwi ev kwiqZcywi bv‡g †hgb Avgiv KviI bvg †W‡K ev wj‡L _vwK,
¯‹wUk GB †hv×vi †ejv‡ZI †ZgbUvB N‡U‡Q| ¯‹Uj¨v‡Ûi ivRcwiev‡i Zuvi Rš§ n‡qwQj 1812 wLªóv‡ã| 1848
mv‡j fvi‡Z G‡m ÔMfb©i †Rbv‡ij Ae BwÛqvÕi `vwqZ¡ †bb| AZ¨š— cwikÖgx, †gavex GB weªwUk kvmbKZ©v
KjKvZvi mvs¯‹…wZK Rxe‡b ixwZg‡Zv wece G‡bwQ‡jb| Zuvi Avgj †_‡KB g~jZ ïi“ nq cwðgv eyw×Rxex‡ì
KjKvZvq Awfevmb| fv‡jv †hv×vI wQ‡jb wZwb| wkL I evwg©R‡ì wei“‡× Zuvi evwnbx hy‡× RqjvfI K‡iwQj|
cÖkvm‡b A‡bK ¯^”QZv Av‡bb wZwb| iv¯—vNvU, †ijjvBb ¯’vcb, cÖ‡KŠkj wk¶vi eë¯’v, WvKNi ¯’vcb, gd¯^j
AÂ‡jI BD‡ivcxq wk¶veë¯’vi cÖPjb, AcÖ‡qvRbxq Rwg`vwicÖ_v evwZj, Mwie Pvwl‡ì Rwg e‡›`vew¯— †Ìqvi
g‡Zv eû KvR wZwb K‡iwQ‡jb| mvZ eQi fviZ kvmb Kivi ci 1856 mv‡j Zuv‡K wdwi‡q †bIqv nq ¯‹Uj¨v‡Û|
AviI Pvi eQi †eu‡P wQ‡jb wZwb| 1860 mv‡j Rš§wfUv WvjnvDwm cÖvmv‡`B g„Zz¨ nq Zuvi| WvjnvDwmi bv‡g
fvi‡Z A‡bK wKQyB Av‡Q| wngvPj cÖ‡`‡k GKUv wnj‡÷kb Av‡Q, KjKvZvq wQj GB bv‡gi GKUv PZ¡i|
KjKvZvi GB PZ¡‡ii bvg WvjnvDwmi bv‡g n‡q‡Q Zuvi GLvb †_‡K P‡j hvIqvi †ek c‡i, Zuvi g„ZzëiY Kivi
ci| Dwbk kZ‡Ki wØZxq fv‡M †Rvovmuv‡Kvi VvKzievwo‡K †K›`Ö K‡i †h mgq evOvwj‡ì beRvMi‡Yi PP©v n‡”Q,
iex›`Öbv_ hLb ax‡i ax‡i †e‡o DV‡Qb, †m mgq| wKš‘ wPiKvj KviI bvg _v‡K bv| WvjnvDwm GKmgq bvqK
†_‡K wf‡j‡b cwiYZ n‡q hvb| Bs‡iR‡ì wei“‡× Afz¨ÌvbKvix wZbRbÑhuviv Bs‡i‡Ri Kv‡Q Ômš¿vmxÕ wn‡m‡e
wPwýZ wQ‡jbÑZuv‡ì bv‡gB ÔWvjnvDwmÕi cwiewZ©Z bvg ivLv nq|
fvi‡Zi ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡bi m‡½ ivBUvm© wewìs‡mi bvg bvbvfv‡e RwoZ| 1930 mv‡ji 8 b‡f¤î wecex
webq emy, ev`j ¸ß I `x‡bk ¸ß ivBUvm© wewìs‡m GK `ytmvnwmK Awfhvb Pvwj‡q Kviv wefv‡Mi cÖavb Gb. wR.
wm¤úmb‡K nZ¨v K‡ib| GB NUbvi AeëwnZ ci fe‡bi †fZ‡i wbivcËvi¶x I cywjk evwnbxi m‡½ GB wZb
wecexi †h msNl© nq, Zv ÔgnvKi‡Yi Awj›` hy×Õ bv‡g cwiwPZ| msNl© †k‡l †MÖßvwi Gov‡Z ev`j ¸ß I webq
emy †mLv‡bB AvÍnZ¨v K‡ib| 1947 mv‡j ¯^vaxbZvjv‡fi ci ivBUvm© wewìsm cwðge½ miKv‡ii ivR¨ mwPevj‡q
cwiYZ nq| GB mgq evsjvq febwUi bvgKiY Kiv nq gnvKiY| hwÌ Bs‡iwR bvg wn‡m‡e ivBUvm© wewìsm
K_vUvB cÖPwjZ| eZ©gv‡b gyL¨gš¿xi Kvh©vjq, cwðge½ ivR¨ gnv‡dRLvbvmn ivR¨ miKv‡ii GKvwaK miKvwi
wefv‡Mi cÖavb Kvh©vjq GLv‡b| Zvi bZzb bvg n‡q‡Q Ôwebq-ev`j-`x‡bk evMÕ ev ms‡¶‡c Ôweev`xevMÕ|
KjKvZvi GB ivRwmK `vjvb¸‡jvi PwiÎ wb‡q Avgvi †KŠZ‚nj eû Av‡M †_‡KB| ¯’vcZ¨Kjvi QvÎ wn‡m‡eB
nq‡Zv GKmgq hv †`‡L cyjwKZ n‡qwQjvg, cieZ©xKv‡j Zv wb‡q Avwg bvbv cÖkœ Zz‡jwQ| †Kv‡bv RvqMvi
¯’vcZ¨Kjv cÖavbZ wbf©i K‡i Zvi Rjevqy Ges mnRjf¨ wbg©vYmvgMÖxi Ici| wKš‘ me‡P‡q †ewk huvi cÖfve
wbqš¿‡Ki f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i _v‡K, wZwb Avi †KD bb, whwb A_©vqb K‡ib, Zuvi i“wP Ges cQ›`| Avi †m
Kvi‡YB KjKvZvi kvmKe‡M©i i“wPi cÖwZdjb NUv‡Z wM‡q KjKvZv‡K GL‡bv e‡q †eov‡Z n‡”Q Gme
AcÖ‡qvRbxq RÄvj|
29
ivRfeb: cÖvmv`bMixi cÖ_g wZjK

KjKvZvi Kcv‡j ÔcÖvmv`bMixÕi cÖ_g ivRwZjK †h Bs‡iR cwi‡qwQ‡jb, Zuvi bvg I‡q‡jmwj| 1799 mv‡j wZwb
B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi c‡¶ fvi‡Zi Mfb©i †Rbv‡ij n‡q Av‡mb| Gu‡ì A‡b‡KB, †hgbÑK¬vBf ev
†nw÷smÑmvaviY †Kivwb wn‡m‡e fvi‡Z G‡m †cuŠQvi Av‡M wb‡Ri bv‡gi m‡½ jW© Dcvwa hy³ K‡i †bb| GB
Dcvwa-mshyw³i KvRwU Kiv n‡Zv †Lv` Bsj¨vÛ †_‡K| fviZ †_‡K A_©m¤ú` weªwUk †KvlvMv‡i Rgv †Ìqvi
cyi¯‹vi¯îƒcB Zuv‡ì Gme Dcvwa‡Z f‚wlZ Kiv n‡Zv| 1707 †_‡K Bs‡iR f‚¯^vgxiv Zuv‡ì wb‡R‡ì †`‡k
AÂj‡f‡` KZ¸‡jv c`we eënvi Ki‡Zb| †m¸‡jv wQj wWDK, gviKz‡qR, Avj©, wfmKvD›U I e¨vib| GB
Ôe¨vibÕ-Gi cÖwZkã wn‡m‡e Kvjµ‡g ÔjW©Õ k‡ãi eënvi ïi“ nq|
1769 mv‡j Avqvij¨v‡Ûi GK AwfRvZ cwiev‡i Rš§ †bIqv wiPvW© Kwj I‡q‡jmwji ivóªcwiPvjbvq
cvwievwiK L¨vwZ wQj| wZwb wb‡RI GKRb cwÊZ‡kÖwYi K‚U‰bwZK wQ‡jb| A·‡dv‡W©i µvB÷ PvP©mn Bsj¨v‡Ûi
Lvb`vwb I ivRKxq me we`¨vcx‡V wQj Zuvi cov‡kvbv| Kzwo eQi eq‡mB wZwb AvBwik cvj©v‡g‡›Ui m`m¨ nb|
Gici Zuvi evevi g„Zzï ci wZwb gwb©sU‡bi wØZxq Avj© wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡ib| 1998 mv‡j fvi‡Z Av‡mb
wZwb| c‡ii eQiB Zuv‡K Mfb©i †Rbv‡ij c‡` wb‡qvM †`q weªwUk B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb|
1799 mv‡ji AvM ch©š— fvi‡Z hZ Mfb©i †Rbv‡ij wQ‡jb, Zuv‡ì mevB fvovevwo‡Z _vK‡Zb| KjKvZv‡K
fvi‡Zi ivRavbx †NvlYv Kivi ci 1773 mv‡j cÖ_g GB c` †c‡qwQ‡jb Iqv‡ib †nw÷sm| Gi 12 eQi ci wKQy
mg‡qi Rb¨ m¨vi Rb g¨vKcvim‡bi Ici `vwqZ¡ c‡o| 1786 †_‡K cieZ©x mvZ eQi ivRZ¡ K‡ib Avj©
Kb©Iqvwjk| Gici Av‡mb m¨vi Rb †kvi Ges m¨vi K¬vK©| 1798 †_‡K cieZ©x mvZ eQi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib
I‡q‡jmwj| Zuvi mgq †_‡KB cÖvmvèûj ¯’vc‡Zï m~Pbv| Gi Av‡M Gme fvBmiq wPrcy‡ii bev‡ei †Ìqv
evwo‡Z _vK‡Zb| †m evwoi bvg wQj jÛ‡bi evwKsnvg c¨v‡j‡mi Abymi‡Y ÔevwKsnvg nvDmÕ|
1799 mv‡j I‡q‡jmwj G‡mB wm×vš— wb‡jb †h †h‡nZz GLv‡b †_‡K `xN©w`b Bs‡iRiv G †`k kvmb Ki‡e,
myZivs Zv‡ì ivRKxq Avevmf‚wg PvB| wZwb Bsj¨vÛ †_‡K ¯’cwZ K¨v‡Þb Pvj©m IqvU‡K wb‡q Av‡mb KjKvZvq|
Zuv‡K w`‡q Zuvi evs‡jvevwo‡K cÖvmv‡`vcg iƒc †Ìqvi KvR Kiv‡bv nq| GB cÖvmv` Kg‡c·wU evbv‡bv †k‡l
†`Lv †Mj, GwU cÖvq ûeû Bsj¨v‡Ûi Av‡iKwU ivRevwoi g‡ZvB| jW© KvR©‡bi c~e©cyi“l‡ì GKUv ivRevwo wQj
Bsj¨v‡Ûi †Wewikvqv‡i| Gi bvg wQj †KW‡j÷b nj| 1759 mv‡j `yRb c¨vjvwWqvb (cÖvPxb wMÖK-†ivgvb gw›ì
¯’vcZ¨ †_‡K weewZ©Z GKai‡bi ¯’vcZäviv, †hLv‡b cy‡iv PZ¡i‡K mgvbfv‡e web¨¯— Kiv nq|) ¯’cwZ, h_vµ‡g
†Rgm †cBb Ges †gw_D †eªwUsnvg Av‡`ª c¨vjvwWIi GKwU Kv¸‡R wWRvBb †_‡K KvR©b cwiev‡ii ivRfeb
†KW‡j÷b nj evwb‡qwQ‡jb| Avi †mB wWRvB‡bi AbyKi‡Y 1803 mv‡j fvi‡Zi Mfb©i †Rbv‡ij †c‡jb Zuvi
jvU feb, Avi KjKvZv †cj GKwU †MÖ‡Kv-†ivgvb ¯’vcZävivi cÖvmv`| †mB †_‡KB ïi“|
Z‡e I‡q‡jmwji Kcvj Lye fv‡jv wQj bv| GB Mfb©i nvDm evbv‡bvi `yeQ‡ii gv_vq Zuv‡K †W‡K cvVv‡bv nq
Bsj¨v‡Û| evOvj cÖRv‡ì KvQ †_‡K Av`vq Kiv LvRbv we‡j‡Zi ivR‡KvlvMv‡i bv cvwV‡q GLv‡b wb‡R‡ì Rb¨
cÖvmv` evbv‡bvi Kv‡R Zv wewb‡qvM Kiv‡Z wZwb mgv‡jvPbvi gy‡LvgywL nb| d‡j wZwb †diZ hvb Bsj¨v‡Û|
KjKvZv Zuvi jvUfeb wb‡qB _v‡K|
Aóv`k kZ‡Ki †kl wKsev Ebwesk kZvãxi ïi“‡Z KjKvZvq hLb GB cÖvmv` wbwg©Z nq, ZLb fvi‡Zi
Aci Ask AvMÖv, w`wj I Rqcy‡i Gi †P‡qI Avwjkvb cÖvmv`-`yM© evbv‡bvi KvR †kl n‡q‡Q AviI Aš—Z †ò
†_‡K `yB k eQi Av‡M| †gvMj kvm‡Kiv Zuv‡ì cÖvmv` wbg©v‡Yi †¶‡Î †e‡Q wb‡qwQ‡jb Zuv‡ì c~e©cyi“‡li †`k
wKsev Zuviv †hLvb †_‡K G‡mwQ‡jb, Zvi ¯’vcZäviv‡K| †m Kvi‡Y †gvMj ¯’vcZ¨ A‡bK †ewk cvwm©qvb| ZZ
w`‡b †gvMj ¯’vcZ¨ fvi‡Z cÖwZwôZ GKwU ¯’vcZäviv wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z| Bs‡iRiv G‡m GLvbKvi cÖPwjZ aviv‡K
AeÁv K‡i Zv‡ì ¯^‡`wk ixwZwU‡K cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z _v‡K| AvR ZvB GZ me Bswjk RÄvj! GLb 27 GKi
RvqMvRy‡o 48 nvRvi eM©dz‡Ui †d¬vi Gwiqv wb‡q cwðge‡½i m‡e©v”P ivRKxq AvevwmK feb wn‡m‡e Gi eënvi|
GB ivRfe‡bB KjKvZvq Avmv fvi‡Zi ivóªcwZ, cÖavbgš¿x wKsev we‡`wk ivóªcÖav‡biv _v‡Kb| B÷ BwÛqv
†Kv¤úvwbi Mfb©‡ii Rb¨ evbv‡bv GB feb GLb cwðge½ iv‡Rï Mfb©‡ii miKvwi evmfeb|
ivRfeb GLb Avi †Kv‡bv Uz¨wi÷ mvBU bq| G ai‡bi HwZnvwmK feb Avwg wPwji mvwš—qv‡Mv Ges †P‡Ki
cÖvM ivRcÖvmv‡` †`‡LwQ| †hLv‡b Av‡Mi evwZj ivRv‡ì evmfeb wQj, GLb Zvi GKUv As‡k eZ©gvb kvm‡Kiv
emevm K‡i _v‡Kb| †m¸‡jvi wKQy Ask ch©UK‡ì Rb¨ Dš§y³| †bcv‡ji KvVgvÛz ìevi wKsev fvi‡Zi
Rqcy‡ii gvbwms‡ni cÖvmv‡` GL‡bv ¯’vbxq kvmK evm K‡ib| †m¸‡jvi GKUv AskI †Lvjv _v‡K ch©UK‡ì
30
Rb¨| wKš‘ KjKvZvi ivRfe‡bi mvg‡b Avm‡ZB Avgvi U¨vw·Iqvjv e‡jb, Rvbvjv w`‡q `ª“Z Qwe Zz‡j †d‡jb|
cywjk †`L‡j Sv‡gjv Ki‡e| Gi †fZ‡i †Zv hvIqv hv‡eB bv, mvg‡b ùvwo‡q Qwe †ZvjvI wb‡la|
Avi †mB ivRfe‡bi †Kv‡Y GKUv Kei¯’v‡bi g‡Zv RvqMvq GKm‡½ cvIqv hvq †Rve Pvb©K Avi Iqv‡ib
†nw÷sm‡KI|
†Rve Pvb©‡Ki mgvwa‡mŠa

†Rve Pvb©K †Kv_vq gviv wM‡qwQ‡jb ev †Kv_vq Zuvi cÖ_g mgvwa n‡qwQj, G wb‡q ZK© Av‡Q| Z‡e Zuvi g„Zzï `yB
eQi ci 1696 mv‡j ZuviB DËivwaKvix Ges RvgvZv Pvj©m Avqvi Zuvi Rb¨ GKwU mgvwa‡mŠa wbg©vY K‡iwQ‡jb|
GUv KjKvZvi Ab¨Zg cÖvPxb GKUv †mŠa| AvU evûi GKwU c¨v‡bi Ici GKwU M¤^yR| Zvi †fZ‡i Pvb©‡Ki
mgvwa| mgvwai Mv‡q †ivgvb ni‡d GwcUvd †jLv| GKmgq G RvqMvwU wbðqB wLªóvb‡ì Kv‡Q cweÎ f‚wg wQj|
Kv‡QB A‡bK¸‡jv Kei Avi HwZnvwmK †m›U Rbm wMR©v|
†m›U Rbm PvP© w`‡qB KjKvZvq Bs‡iR‡ì wMR©v evbv‡bv ïi“ n‡qwQj| Gi Av‡M Av‡g©wbqvbivI wMR©v
evwb‡qwQj| GB wMR©vi wbg©vYKvR ïi“ n‡qwQj 1784 mv‡j, Iqv‡ib †nw÷sm ZLb ¶gZvq| GUv evbv‡bvi
Kv‡R †m mgq cvewjK jUvwii gva¨‡g 30 nvRvi UvKv †Zvjv n‡qwQj| `vb K‡iwQ‡jb AwaKvsk wn›`y be¨ eveyiv,
hv‡Z Gi gva¨‡g Zuviv weªwUkiv‡Ri bR‡i co‡Z cv‡ib| Rwg w`‡qwQ‡jb †kvfvevRv‡ii beK…ò (wK‡lb)
evnv`yi| GB Pv‡P©i †fZi `y‡Uv D‡jL‡hvM¨ wRwbm Av‡Q| Zvi g‡a¨ Av‡Q Gi †fZ‡ii GKwU †cBw›UsÑÔ`¨
jv÷ mvcviÕ| evB‡ejxq BwZnv‡mi Av‡jv‡K `¨ wfwÂ †h g~j QwewU Gu‡KwQ‡jb, ZviB fviZxq ms¯‹iY K‡iwQ‡jb
weL¨vZ Rvg©vb wPÎKi BInvb †Rvdvwb| G wPÎwU GLv‡b ivLv Av‡Q| Avi wMR©vwUi g~j N‡ii evB‡i GKUv †QvU
Rv`yNi Av‡Q, †hLv‡b ivLv Av‡Q jW© Iqv‡ib †nw÷s‡mi Awd‡mi AvmevecÎ| Zuvi †Pqvi, †Uwej, wgwUs‡qi Rb¨
lofzwR †UwejÑGB me| cÖvq AvovB k eQ‡iI G¸‡jvi Aeq‡e †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b Av‡mwb|
G PZ¡‡i Av‡Q GKUv gby‡g›UI| Kw_Z Ôe¨vK †nvjÕ nZ¨vKv‡Ê wbnZ Bs‡iR †mbv Kg©KZ© v‡ì bvg Av‡Q
Zvi †`qv‡j| 1756 mv‡j KjKvZv `Lj K‡i wmivR‡ÏŠjv GKUv N‡i AvU‡K †i‡L †ek KRb Bs‡iR ˆmwbK‡K
†g‡i †d‡jwQ‡jb e‡j G NUbvi ¯§i‡Y GKUv ¯§„wZ‡mŠa evbv‡bv n‡qwQj cy‡iv‡bv `y‡M©i †fZ‡i| cieZ©xKv‡j jW©
KvR©b ¶gZvq G‡j 1901 mv‡j †mB gby‡g›U mwi‡q G‡b Avevi emv‡bv nq GB GjvKvq|
†MÖbwfwji wZb cÖvmv`

KjKvZvi Kcv‡j ÔcÖvmv`bMixÕi wØZxq wZjKwU cwi‡qwQ‡jb Iqvëvi †MÖbwfwj bv‡gi Av‡iK weªwUk ¯’cwZ| †mUv
ïi“ n‡qwQj Ebwesk kZ‡Ki †klv‡a©| 1858 mv‡j wZwb hLb fvi‡Zi weªwUk kvmK‡ì cÖavb ¯’cwZ n‡q
GLv‡b Av‡mb, ZLb Bsj¨v‡Û Pj‡Q ivwb wf‡±vwiqvi kvmb| G kvmbKv‡j Bsj¨v‡Ûi ¯’vcZïxwZ‡Z †ek cwieZ©b
Av‡m| †Mvw_Kaviv †_‡K A‡bKUzKz m‡i G‡m AjsKvi weewR©Z, †MvjvKvi wLjvb Avi Kvi“KvRgq mvwi mvwi
Kjv‡gi mv‡R `vjvb¸‡jv mvR‡Z ïi“ K‡i| G mgq weªwUk ¯’cwZiv Av‡gwiKvi †ek wKQy kn‡i Ges
A‡÷ªwjqv‡ZI G avivi KvR K‡i weªwUk ivR‡Z¡i wPýMZ wb`k©b wek¦gq eÈb Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡ib| †MÖbwfwj
KjKvZvq G‡m †mB aviviB cÖeZ©b K‡ib| ïi“ nq wf‡±vwiqvb ixwZi ¯’vcZ¨hy‡Mi| wKš‘ Zvi †Kv‡bvwUB †gŠwjK
wWRvBb wQj bv| BD‡iv‡ci wewfbœ kn‡i ¯’vwcZ `vjvb¸‡jvi AbyKi‡Y ïi“ nq GKai‡bi ¯’vcZ¨PP©v|
iex›`Öbv_ VvKz‡ii R‡š§i c‡ii eQiB KjKvZvq Av`vjZ ¯’vc‡bi wm×vš— n‡qwQj| Zvi KvRI ïi“ n‡qwQj
GKwU `vjv‡b| ¯’vqx †Kv‡bv feb wQj bv| GB fe‡bi bKkv Kivi `vwqZ¡ coj †MÖbwfwji Ici| wZwb GKwU
PgrKvi bKkv K‡ib 1868 mv‡j| 1872 mv‡j G `vjv‡bi KvR hLb †kl n‡jv, Rvbv †Mj, Î‡qv`k kZ‡K
†ejwRqv‡gi Bc‡im kn‡i evbv‡bv GKwU Kvc‡oi gv‡K©‡Ui (K¬_ nj) ûeû AbyKi‡Y GB febwU evbv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
GB K¬_ njwU‡K †ejwRqvg miKvi ms¯‹vi I msi¶Y K‡i †i‡LwQj wesk kZvãxi †Mvovi w`K ch©š —| wKš‘ cÖ_g
wek¦hy‡×i mgq †evgvi AvNv‡Z GB `vjvbwU m¤ú~Y© aŸsm n‡q hvq| Gici 1933 mv‡j hLb Zviv GwU cybwb©g©v‡Yi
KvR ïi“ K‡i, ZLb Zviv KjKvZvi GB nvB‡KvU© fe‡bi bxjbKkv msMÖn K‡i wb‡q hvq| ZviB Abymi‡Y Zviv
IUv AveviI bZzb K‡i evbv‡Z ïi“ K‡i| GKmgq †hwU wQj Kvc‡oi evRvi, †ejwRqv‡g GLb †mwU eybbwk‡íi
Rv`yNi I cÖ`k©bkvjv| wKš‘ †mB GKB wWRvB‡bi Aci `vjvb KjKvZvq GL‡bv nvB‡KvU© feb|
weªwUkivR ¯’cwZ Iqvëvi wMÖbwfwji ZLb Rvbv n‡q I‡Vwb ¯’vc‡Zï †mB †eèvK¨: Ôdig d‡jvR dvskbÕ|
`vjv‡bi Af¨š—ixY eënviB Zvi AvKvi‡K wbqš¿Y Ki‡e| myZivs, be¨ Mw_Kavivi GKwU e¯¿wecwYi wWRvBb‡K
wZwb Pvwj‡q w`‡jb nvB‡Kv‡U©i eënvwiK cÖ‡qvR‡b|
31
c„w_exi hZ †`‡kB Jcwb‡ewkK kvmb cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q, †mLv‡bB †m g~j †`‡ki ¯’vcZïƒc‡K Qvwc‡q cÖwZôv
K‡i‡Q wb‡Ri ¯’vcZïxwZ‡K| ¯ú¨vwbk, cZz©wMRivI †hLv‡b Dcwb‡ek ¯’vcb K‡iwQj, †mLv‡bB Zv‡ì Nievwo,
`vjvb‡KvVvq Gi Qvc ev cÖfve c‡o‡Q| †hme K‡jvwb ev Dcwb‡ek ¯’vqx n‡q wM‡q‡Q, †mLv‡b GL‡bv GB aviv
envj Zweq‡Z wU‡K Av‡Q| wek¦vq‡bi †Quvqv mviv c„w_ex‡K ¯úk© Kivi AvM ch©š — †miKgUvB wQj| wPwji mvwš—
qv‡Mv kn‡i eQi wÎ‡kK Av‡MI ¯ú¨vwbk avivq `vjvb‡KvVv evbv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Av‡gwiKvq weªwUk, cZz©wMR ev
¯ú¨vwbk‡ì AwaKvifz³ AÂj‡KI †Pbv hvq Zv‡ì `vjvb‡KvVvi bKkv †`‡L| fvi‡Z weªwUkiv cÖvq wZb k eQi
†_‡K P‡j wM‡qwQj e‡j Zv‡ì IB avivwUi †Kv‡bv weKvk nqwb|
G †¶‡Î †mB me Jcwb‡ewkK ¯’cwZ wb‡Ri †`‡ki, wb‡Ri AÂ‡ji GKwU-`ywU my›ì `vjv‡bi bKj GLv‡b
ewm‡q †M‡Qb gvÎ| †hgbwU K‡i‡Qb nvB‡KvU© fe‡bi wWRvBbvi wMÖbwfwjI| KjKvZvq GL‡bv †mB nvB‡KvU©
febwU Av‡Q| GLv‡bB cÖavb wePvwiK KvR¸‡jv n‡q _v‡K| XvKvq eojv‡Ui evmfeb wn‡m‡e evbv‡bv febwU‡K
nvB‡Kv‡U© iƒcvš—i Kivi AvM ch©š— KjKvZvi GB `vjvb †_‡K eo eo gvgjvi ivq¸‡jv †Ìqv n‡Zv|
evsjv‡`‡ki eo eo Rwg`v‡iiv wmwfj †Kv‡U© †Ìqvwb gvgjvq hy³ n‡q GLv‡b G‡mB me©¯^vš— n‡q‡Qb|
ÔevOvj‡K nvB‡KvU© †`Lv‡bvÕÑm¤¢eZ K_vwU GKmgq Gfv‡eB cÖevèv‡Kï iƒc cwiMÖn K‡i|
GKmgq GB nvB‡Kv‡U© IKvjwZ †ckv PP©v Kiv wQj KjKvZvi evOvwj‡ì Rb¨ me‡P‡q m¤£vš— †ckv| ¯^qs
iex›`Öbv_‡KI Zuvi evev I eo fvB‡qiv jÛb cvwV‡qwQ‡jb e¨vwi÷vwi cvm K‡i Avm‡Z| VvKzi cwiev‡ii Ab¨
m`mïvI e¨vwi÷vi wQ‡jb|
iex›`Öbv_ mwZ¨ mwZ¨B hw` e¨vwi÷vi n‡qB †h‡Zb, Zvn‡j GB nvB‡KvU© feb wb‡q Zuvi A‡bK K_v _vKZ|
gvgjv¸‡jv wb‡Z G‡m A‡bK Mí †c‡Zb wZwb| †hgb Zuvi AMÖR †jLK ew¼gP›`Ö P‡Ævcva¨vq †c‡qwQ‡jb, wZwb
wb‡R g¨vwR‡÷ªU wQ‡jb e‡jB|
KjKvZvi nvB‡KvU© PZ¡‡ii Ae¯’v wKš‘ Avgv‡ì †`‡ki g‡Zv bq| †fZ‡i Kx Av‡Q †`wLwb| Z‡e ewnf©vM
Avgv‡ì cyivb XvKvi †KvU©-KvQvwii g‡ZvB wNwÄ| Avgv‡ì nvB‡KvU© A‡bK eo cwimi wb‡q, †fZ‡i kxZvZc
wbqwš¿Z Ni|
GLv‡b iv¯—vi Ici mvwi mvwi Mvwo| Avgv‡ì U¨vw· WªvBfvi ejj, Mvwo¸‡jv G‡KKUv †P¤^vi| GLv‡bB
g‡°jiv A‡b‡KB e‡m wgwUs K‡ib DwKj‡ì m‡½| KvMRc‡Î mB Kiv, `wjjcÎ Av`vb-cÖ`vb KivÑGLv‡bB
mewKQy nq| DwKj‡ì WªvBfviivI A‡bK mgq Zuv‡ì A¨vwm÷¨v›U‡ì KvR K‡i _v‡Kb|
GB nvB‡KvU© fe‡bi Kv‡QB †Rbv‡ij †cv÷ Awdm| GUvI wMÖbwfwji bKkvq evbv‡bv| nvB‡KvU© fe‡bi bKkv
Kivi cÖvq KvQvKvwQ mg‡qB wZwb fvi‡Zi cÖ_g †Rbv‡ij †cv÷ AwdmwUiI wWRvBb K‡ib 1864 mv‡j| G
`vjv‡bi †Pnviv †`‡L Gi eënv‡ii Dc‡hvwMZv m¤ú‡K© aviYv cvIqv hv‡e bv| †ivgvb Pv‡P©i Ic‡i †hgb M¤^yR
_v‡K, Gi mvg‡bI †miKg GKUv M¤^yR| M¤^y‡Ri eënvi n‡q _v‡K g~jZ †fZ‡ii cwimi‡K eoi †P‡q eo K‡i
†`Lv‡bv ev wek¦eªþv‡Êi GKUv Aeqe‡K †fZ‡i †U‡b Avbvi Rb¨, †hLv‡b ùvwo‡q gvbyl wb‡R‡K Lye ¶z`ª g‡b
Ki‡e Ges m„wóKZ©vi cÖwZ Zvi Avivabv cÖKv‡ki e¨vcviwU mnR n‡e| evBRvbUvBb Avg‡j wMR©vq wQj Zvi cÖavb
eënvi, cieZ©xKv‡j †ivgvbiv GUv GKB D‡Ï‡k¨ eënvi K‡i| gymjgvbiv wLªóvb‡ì GB M¤^yRme©¯^ PvP©¸‡jv‡K
gmwR‡` iƒcvš—i Ki‡j M¤^yR‡KB cÖvavb¨ w`‡q Zvi cwieZ©b NUvq| G †¶‡Î cÖavb WvKN‡ii g‡Zv GKUv
RvqMvq Kx K‡i M¤^yRme©¯^ GKUv ¯’vcbv wZwb K‡iwQ‡jbÑB÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi cÖavb ¯’cwZ‡K ZLb GB cÖkœ
Kivi †KD wQ‡jb e‡j g‡b nq bv|
Iqvëvi wMÖbwfwj iex›`Öbv‡_i wcZv †`‡e›`Öbv‡_i mgmvgwqK wQ‡jb| KvQvKvwQ mg‡q Zuv‡ì Rš§| wMÖbwfwj
hLb KjKvZvq Av‡mb, ZLb wmcvwn we‡`ªvn †kl| †kl †gvMj mgªvU IqvwR` Avjx Lvb‡K j‡¶èŠ †_‡K mwi‡q
KjKvZvi A`~‡i †gwUqv e–i“‡R ivLv n‡q‡Q| fviZ GLb cy‡ivcywi Bs‡iR‡ì `L‡j| wMÖbwfwj Av‡mb 1858
mv‡j| PvKwi K‡ib B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi †ijc_ wbg©v‡Yi Kv‡R| 1863 ch©š— G KvR Kivi ci fviZ
miKv‡ii KbmvjU¨v›U AvwK©‡U± wn‡m‡e Zuvi wb‡qvM nq| wZbwU LyeB D‡jL‡hvM¨ KvR wQj Zvi| †Rbv‡ij
†cv÷ Awdm I nvB‡KvU© feb wbg©v‡Yi ci wZwb wWRvBb K‡ib fvi‡Zi RvZxq Rv`yN‡ii| ¯’vc‡Zï g~j
aviYvweewR©Z _vKvi Kvi‡Y Zuvi wZbwU `vjv‡bi g‡a¨ †Zgb †Kv‡bv HK¨ wQj bv| †Kej Bsj¨v‡Ûi wewfbœ
`vjv‡bi Kwc K‡i‡Qb wZwb GLv‡b G‡m|
wMÖbwfwj KjKvZv †Q‡o Bsj¨v‡Û †diZ hvb 1870 mv‡j| gviv hvb AviI Pvi eQi ci| KjKvZvi GB
fviZxq RvZxq Rv`yN‡ii KvR ïi“ nq Zuvi g„Zzï c‡ii eQiÑ1875 mv‡j| n‡Z cv‡i, wWRvB‡bi KvRwU wZwb
32
K‡i wM‡qwQ‡jb 1870 mv‡ji Av‡M| hw` Zv-B n‡q _v‡K, Z‡e G wZbwU wWRvBb wZwb KvQvKvwQ mg‡qB, A_©vr
cuvP eQi a‡i K‡iwQ‡jb|
KjKvZvi Rv`yNi ¯’vwcZ n‡qwQj AviI Av‡MÑ1818 mv‡jÑwMÖbwfwji R‡š§i eQi| wKš‘ KjKvZv‡K m¤¢eZ
A‡c¶v Ki‡Z n‡qwQj AviI 57 eQi, hLb wMÖbwfwj Zuvi Rxe‡bi †kl Ges me‡P‡q D¾¡j wWRvB‡bi ¯^v¶i
iv‡Lb GLv‡b G‡m|
KjKvZvi GB Rv`yN‡ii †fZiUv Avwg cÖ_g †`wL 1997 mv‡j| KjKvZv Rv`yN‡ii A‡bK wKQy †`‡LB gy»
n‡qwQjvg| Z‡e 25 †KvwU eQ‡ii cy‡iv‡bv dwmj Avi wgm‡ii dvivIivR‡ì GKUv gwg †`‡L AvcyZ
n‡qwQjvg| Ny‡i Ny‡i †`‡LwQjvg GB cy‡iv‡bv `vjvbwU‡KB †ewk K‡i| gvSLv‡b GKUv eo DVvb| Zvi Pvicv‡k
mvwi mvwi Kjvg‡ewóZ eo eo njNi| d¨vmv‡Wi aib, †fZ‡ii Aeqe, Zvi A‡bK wKQyi m‡½B weªwUk
wgDwRqv‡gi wgj| hwÌ weªwUk wgDwRqv‡gi cÖ‡ekgyLUv G‡m‡Q AvovB nvRvi eQi Av‡M wMÖ‡mi G‡_‡Ý evbv‡bv
wMÖK gw›ì cv‡_©b‡bi Av`j †_‡K| ILv‡b wdwWqv‡mi ˆZwi KZ¸‡jv fv¯‹h© †hgb wQj, weªwUk wgDwRqv‡giI
ZvB| wKš‘ KjKvZvi GB Rv`yNiwU wbD K¬¨vwmK¨vj auv‡Pi| GLv‡b fv¯‹wh©K Aeqe wejyß| Kwiwš’qvb Kjvg Av‡Q
mvwi mvwi| mv`v i‡Oi GB cÖvmv‡`vcg `vjvbwU †_‡K †PvL miv‡bv †hZ bv| Zvi Mv¤¢xh©, Zvi †RŠjyk KjKvZv‡K
†hgb K‡iwQj gwngvwš^Z, Iqvëvi wMÖbwfwj‡KI K‡iwQj †Zgwb m¤§vwbZ| GLb †mB Rv`yN‡ii cvk w`‡q P‡j
†M‡Q Gwj‡f‡UW nvBI‡q| Ici †_‡K hwÌ Zvi d¨vmv‡Wi AveiY wKQy cvIqv hvq, wb‡P †_‡K G‡Kev‡iB Kg|
Z‡e wf‡±vixq ixwZi PgrKvi D`vniY wn‡m‡e KjKvZvi GB Rv`yNi ïay fvi‡ZiB bq, cy‡iv GwkqviI GK
gnvg~jëvb m¤ú`|
Awš—g cÖvmv`: wf‡±vwiqvi ¯§„wZ‡mŠa

cÖvmv`bMix KjKvZvq †ZZjv feb wbg©vY K‡i `vjvb evbv‡bv ïi“ n‡qwQj Aóv`k kZ‡Ki G‡Kev‡i †Mvovi
w`‡K| †mLvb †_‡K GB bMixwU cÖvmv`bMixi gh©v`v †c‡Z ïi“ K‡i AviI GK k eQi ci hLb ivRfeb wbg©vY
Kiv nq| ZviI GK k eQi ci, KjKvZvq ivwb wf‡±vwiqvi ¯§„wZ‡mŠa wbg©vY K‡i BwZ N‡U GB bMixi
cÖvmv`xKi‡Yi †Póv| Z‡e GB `yB k eQ‡ii eëav‡b GLv‡b kvmbKvix Bs‡iR‡ì gb-gvbwmKZv I wk¶v-`x¶vi
cÖmvi N‡UwQj A‡bK ¸Y| †m Kvi‡Y Gi Av‡MKvi ÔKwc-†c÷Õ ¯’vcZïƒc †_‡K †ewi‡q G‡m Zviv GKwU
gvbvbmB ¯’vcZïxwZ Dcnvi w`‡Z cvij fviZ‡K Ges Gi Rb¨ A‡bK †ewk K…wZZ¡ w`‡Z nq KvR©b mv‡ne‡K|
RR© bv_vwjqvb KvR©‡bi Rš§ n‡qwQj Bsj¨v‡Û 1859 mv‡j| †m wn‡m‡e wZwb Avgv‡ì iex›`Öbv‡_i cÖvq
mgeqmx| kvmK cwiev‡i Rš§ nIqv ev‡ci eo †Q‡j wn‡m‡e wZwb †Wewikvqv‡ii ivR‰bwZK c`¸‡jv `Lj K‡i
†bb ˆcZ…Km~‡Î| cov‡kvbvq KgwZ wQj bv ZuviÑ†Lv` A·‡dv‡W©i MÖvRy‡qU| 1891 mv‡j wZwb Bsj¨v‡Û e‡m
fviZ kvm‡bi c`wU (Under Secretary of state for India) MÖnY K‡ib| AmsL¨ †`k ågYI K‡ib wZwb|
†kl ch©©š— Bsj¨v‡Ûi ivwb wf‡±vwiqv Zuv‡K fvi‡ZB cvVv‡jb fvBmiq K‡i| fvi‡Z GB bZzb fvBmi‡qi Avg‡j
A‡bK¸‡jv ¸i“Z¡c~Y© NUbv N‡U| Zvi g‡a¨ GKUv wQj e½f½ Av‡›`vjb| †mUv 1905 mv‡ji K_v|
KvR©b mv‡ne Avgv‡ì Kv‡QI A‡bK cwiwPZ bvg| KviY, GL‡bv ch©š— evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU cÖavb
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi weÁvb d¨vKvwëi `vjv‡bi bvg Zuvi bv‡g| XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi GB KvR©b njwU bvbv HwZnvwmK
Kvi‡YI weL¨vZ| jW© KvR©b e½f½ wej cvm Ki‡j XvKv‡K cÖv‡`wkK ivRavbx Kiv nq| G Dcj‡¶ Zuvi hLb
XvKv Avmvi K_v, ZLb fvIqv‡ji ivRKzgviiv wg‡j †ò jvL UvKv †`b ÔKvR©b njÕ bv‡g GKwU cvVvMvi M‡o
†Zvjvi Rb¨| 1904 mv‡j fvBmiq g‡nv`q Gi wfwËcÖ¯—i ¯’vcb Ki‡jb; wKš‘ wmwU nj wn‡m‡e G `vjvbwU Zvi
gh©v`v †cj bv| XvKv K‡j‡Ri Ask wn‡m‡e GwU MY¨ n‡Z _vKj| cieZ©xKv‡j, A_©vr 1921 mv‡j XvKv
wek¦we`¨vjq ¯’vwcZ n‡j KvR©b mv‡ne‡K msea©bvi wbwg‡Ë evbv‡bv `vjvbwU wek¦we`¨vj‡qi weÁvb Abyl` wn‡m‡e
eënƒZ n‡Z ïi“ K‡i| GL‡bv Zv envj Av‡Q|
Avgv‡ì GLv‡b KvR©b nj hLb nq, ZLb KvR©b mv‡n‡ei wb‡`©‡k KjKvZvq ivwb wf‡±vwiqvi ¯§„wZ‡mŠa
evbv‡bvi cwiKíbv ïi“ n‡q hvqÑKvR©b mv‡n‡eiB wb‡`©‡k| ivwb gviv hvb 1901 mv‡j| fvi‡Z wbhy³
weªwUkiv‡Ri cÖwZwbwa nIqvi myev‡` ivwbi cÖwZ K…ZÁZv cÖKv‡ki Ask wn‡m‡e wZwb GKwU ¯§„wZ‡mŠa wbg©v‡Yi
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Bsj¨v‡Û KviI ¯§„wZi cÖwZ DrmM© K‡i Ggb `vjvb Av‡M KL‡bv nqwb, Z‡e fvi‡Z n‡q‡Q| †gvMj mgªvU
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33
1652 mv‡j †kl n‡qwQj Zvi KvR| Bsj¨v‡Ûi ivwb wf‡±vwiqvi g„Zzï c‡ii eQiI ZvB fvi‡Zi Bs‡iR ivR
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bKkv K‡iwQ‡jb| wf‡±vwiqvi ¯§„wZ‡mŠawU evbv‡Z A‡bK mgq jv‡M| ggZvR gn‡ji ¯§„wZ‡mŠa evbv‡Z †j‡MwQj
22 eQi| wf‡±vwiqv †g‡gvwiqvj †kl n‡Z jv‡M 15 eQi| 1921 mv‡j hLb Gi KvR †kl nq, †`Lv hvq Zvi 11
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Mi“i Mvwo, cvj‡Zvjv †bŠKvmn fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki wPiš—b cÖvK…wZK `„k¨ dz‡U D‡V‡Q W¨vwb‡qj‡ì Zzwj‡Z|
G Qvov GLv‡b i‡q‡Q weªwUk Avg‡ji wewfbœ bw_cÎ, Qwe I fv¯‹h©| KjKvZv M¨vjvwi n‡jv fvi‡Zi cÖ_g bMi
M¨vjvwi| KjKvZv M¨vjvwi‡Z Av‡Q †Rve Pvb©K cÖwZwôZ KjKvZv bM‡ii ïi“ †_‡K 1911 mvj ch©š — weªwUk
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wPÎ| n‡ji evB‡ii evMvb PZ¡‡iI Av‡Q KZ¸‡jv fv¯‹h©| †hgbÑwmsnvm‡b emv ivwb wf‡±vwiqvi †eªv‡Äi fv¯‹h©|
Avi `w¶Y cv‡ki cÖavb †ZviY eivei ivRv mßg GWIqv‡W©i †Nvovi Ici mIqvi n‡q‡Qb, †eªvÄ w`‡q evbv‡bv
Ggb g~wZ©i cvkvcvwk evMv‡bi wewfbœ RvqMvq Av‡Q jW© KvR©b, jW© †ew›U¼, jW© wicbmn Bs‡iR B÷ BwÛqv
34
†Kv¤úvwb Ges weªwUk kvmbvg‡j fvi‡Zi wewfbœ fvBmiq I Mfb©i †Rbv‡i‡ji g~wZ©| ïay Bs‡iR bq, wKQy evOvwji
fv¯‹h©I Av‡Q evMv‡bi c~e© w`‡K| Av‡Q cÖ_g evOvwj wkícwZ m¨vi iv‡R›`Öbv_ gy‡Lvcva¨v‡qi g~wZ©| Aóv`k I
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mvnvh¨ wb‡q †cvkvK cwiKíbv Kiv n‡Zv|
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gh©v`v †c‡qwQj| 1914 mv‡j KjKvZv †_‡K ivRavbx P‡j hvq w`wj, ax‡i ax‡i GB kni Zvi ivRKxq Aeq‡ei
†mŠKh© nviv‡Z _v‡K| GLb cy‡iv‡bv ì`vjv‡b †kIjvi AuvPo, Zvi duvK w`‡q ciMvQv¸‡jvB Zvi †mB Aeqe a‡i
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KjKvZv cwiwPZ n‡Z hv‡”Q GLb bZzb †Kv‡bv bv‡g|
35
dzwZ©i kni
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A_P †hiK‡g †nvK bv, †PvUv‡Lvi †e‡bi N‡i I UvKvIqvjv evey‡ì evwo‡Z GKevi †h‡ZB n‡e| Kvi evwo wewµ
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Ki‡Z †ek wKQy dwoqv †kÖwYi †jvKRb †ek UvKvcqmvi gvwjKI n‡q hvq| evey‡ì nv‡Z KuvPv cqmv, dzwZ© Kivi
Rb¨ cqmv Iov‡ZI Zv‡ì mgm¨v bvB|Õ
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MvB‡Z hvw”Qj| eªvþY cwÊ‡Ziv wn›`y cÖ_vbyhvqx gš¿ cvV KiwQ‡jb|
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we‡q‡Z GK jv‡Li †ewk UvKv LiP n‡jv|
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36
KvUv‡Zb Zuviv| wbgvB Puv` bv‡gi GK Rwg`vi Zuvi bvwZ ivg iZ‡bi we‡q‡Z wPrcy‡ii `yB gvBj iv¯—v †MvjvcRj
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Avgjv-AvBbRxex I †gv³vi cwievi QvovB GKv GKv GLv‡b _vK‡Zb, †m Kvi‡Y Zuv‡ì G‡KKwU DccZœxi
ìKvi n‡Zv| †m Rb¨B Zuv‡ì evmfe‡bi Avkcv‡kB M‡o D‡VwQj MwYKvjq| †h‡nZz e¨v‡PjiivB wQj kni
KjKvZvi cÖavb evwm›`v, †m Kvi‡Y cÖvq cÖwZwU †jvKvj‡qB GLv‡b-†mLv‡b †ek¨v‡ì evm wQj| û‡Zvg cu¨vPvi
b·vi gš—‡e¨ KjKvZv kni ZLb Õ†ek¨vkniÕ n‡q c‡o‡Q| eviewbZviv iv¯—vq ùvwo‡q KzrwmZ A½fw½ Avi
MvwjMvjvR KiZ| mvaviY cw_‡KivI Zv‡ì nvZ †_‡K wb¯—vi †cZ bv| KL‡bv †`Lv †Mj GK †ek¨v iwmK eveyi
Mv j¶¨ K‡i cv‡bi wcK †djj; wKš‘ Zv wM‡q coj Awdm-†diZ GK †Kivwbi gv_vi Ic‡i| wKš‘ †KivwbwU f‡q
wKQy bv e‡j gvbm¤§vb wb‡q P‡j †Mj| `y-GKRb ZiZvRv †Kivwb KL‡bv Gme BZivwg mn¨ Ki‡Z bv †c‡i
cÖkvm‡bi fq †`Lv‡j †ek¨viv wLjwLj k‡ã †n‡m D‡V ejZ, Ô†ek¨ve„wË Kwi e‡U; wKš‘ †Zv‡ì gZb mvZUv
†Kivwb‡K cyl‡Z cvwi| Kjg wc‡l †Zvi wZb cyi“l hv bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e Avgiv GK cyi“‡l ZvB K‡iwQ|Õ
weËevb‡ì AvwkÖZ eviv½bviv kn‡ii cÖKvk¨ ivRc‡_ b„Z¨ Ki‡ZI fq †cZ bv| ØviKvbv_ VvKzi KjKvZvi
GKwU GjvKv‡ZB 43wU †ek¨vj‡qi gvwjK wQ‡jb| gv‡b evwo¸‡jvi fvov‡U‡ì †ckv wQj †ek¨ve„wË| ØviKvbv_
VvKzi †Mvgvsm †L‡Zb, Bs‡iR‡ì m‡½ GK‡Î e‡m g` Avi bvix wb‡q nB-û‡jvo Ki‡Zb| Zuvi evMvbevwo‡Z
evBwR‡ì bvP-Mv‡bi Avmi emZ cÖvq cÖwZ iv‡ZB| wKš‘ Zuvi ¯¿x N‡i ev A›ìgn‡j e‡m ag©K g© cvjb Ki‡Zb|
wn›`ya‡g©i mKj AvPvi-Abyôvb ØviKvbv_ VvKz‡ii evwo‡Z wbqg †g‡b cvwjZ n‡Zv| Zuvi ag©cÖvYv ¯¿xi wb‡`©‡kB
A›ìgn‡j cy‡ivwnZ †i‡L hveZxq c~Rv-AP©bv Pj‡jI A›ìgn‡ji evB‡i wn›`ya‡g©i mgy`q kv¯¿‡K D‡c¶v
Ki‡Zb ØviKvbv_|
KjKvZv kn‡ii GB †h i½, N‡i GK, evB‡i Av‡iKÑAvVv‡iv-Dwbk kZ‡K D”PweË f`ª cwiev‡i GUv wQj
mvaviY GKUv NUbv| mvaviY gvbyl ag© wb‡q hZ evovevwo KiwQj, eveyiv Z‡ZvwaK ag©wePz¨Z nw”Qj|
KvjxcÖmbœ wms‡ni GKwU †jLvq Av‡Q, ÔivRv-ivRov iv‡Î wbR weevwnZ ¯¿xi gyL †`L‡Zb bv| evwoi cÖavb
Avgjv, `viIqvb, gy”QywÏiv †hgb ûRy‡ii welqKg© †`‡LbÑ¯¿xi i¶Yv‡e¶‡Yi fviI Zuv‡ì Dci eZ©vq| myZivs
Zuviv Qvo‡eb †Kb? GB f‡q †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv eyw×gvb ¯¿x‡K evwoi wfZi N‡i cy‡i Pvwe eÜ K‡i mvivivZ evC‡ì
wb‡q dzwZ© K‡i mKv‡j evwo †d‡ib|Õ †fvjvbv_ gy‡Lvcva¨vq `ytL K‡i wjL‡Qb, ÔKZ eveyiv Amn¨ wein kh¨vq
37
¯¿x‡K †kvqvBqv mg¯— iv‡Îi Rb¨ evwni n‡q hvb, myiv †meb, Lvbv f¶Y K‡i I Awe`¨v wb‡q KZB Av‡gv`
Avn¬v` K‡ib| M„‡n civaxbv wPi`ytwLbx ewbZv‡ì †Pv‡Li R‡j weQvbv †f‡m hv‡”Q| cyiv½bv‡ì Giƒc K‡ói w`‡K
eveyiv K…cv‡b‡Î å‡gI `„wócvZ K‡ib bv|Õ nwikP›`Ö wgÎ evey‡ì e¨½ K‡i wjL‡Qb, Ôevey‡ì evwo‡Z gb †U‡K bv,
KviY evwoi †eŠ‡ì wK Awe`¨v‡ì g‡Zv †Qbvjx Av‡Q? hv‡ì Ni Qvoevi g‡Zv ey‡Ki †Rvi wQj bv Zviv eD‡K
LvbwK‡ì g‡Zv mvwR‡q `y‡ai ¯^v` †Nv‡j †gUv‡Zv| mvn‡mi Afv‡e gy‡L ej‡Zv Avwg †ek¨vj‡q hvB bv|Õ
kwbev‡ii KjKvZv wQj kniRy‡o mviv ivZ g`, MuvRv Avi †g‡qgvbyl wb‡q †eû`v gRv Kivi w`b| we‡kl K‡i
ivgevMvb, †mvbvMvwQ, †g‡QvevRvi, wm‡×k¦ixZjv, nvoKvUv, PuvcvZjv, Bgvge·, wPrcyiÑg‡ì M‡Ü g-g KiZ|
†UKPuv` VvKz‡ii GKwU iPbvq †`Lv hvq, eÜz‡ì wb‡q AvÇv Rgv‡Z fek¼i PvKi‡K ûKzg Ki‡Q, ÔPvi cuvP
†evZj eªvwÛ I eid kxNª Avb|Õ c‡i cÖ‡Z¨‡K wZb-Pvi Mvm eªvwÛ cvb K‡i gvsmvw` †fvRb Ki‡Z jvM‡jb|
evm¯úwZ ej‡jb, ÔfvB mKj, †h kxZj `ªe¨ cvb Kwijvg Bnv fzwjevi bq| G mvgMÖx †c‡U †M‡j cyÎ‡kvK
wbeviY nq|Õ
K…ò‡gvnb e‡›`¨vcva¨vq hLb wLªóvb n‡jb, ØviKvbv_ gš—e¨ K‡iwQ‡jb, ÔGB ag©vš—‡ii KviY Mi“i gvsm I
g`¨cv‡bi my‡hvM jvf|Õ KvjxcÖmbœ wmsn wb‡R g`¨cv‡bi mgv‡jvPbv Ki‡jI wb‡R wQ‡jb g`¨cvb mfvi GKRb
eo c„ô‡cvlK|
VvKzievwo‡Z g`¨cv‡bi †iIqvR wQj| wKš‘ ØviKvbv‡_i †`bvi `v‡q †`‡e›`Ö bv_ VvKzi‡K eû LiP Kgv‡Z nq|
LiP Kgv‡bvi A½ wn‡m‡eB wZwb g`¨cvb eÜ K‡ib|
g`¨cv‡b Ag„Zjv‡ji Ai“wP wQj bv| Z‡e wZwb mK‡ji mvg‡b g`¨cvb Ki‡Zb bv| wØ‡R›`Öjvj ivq mK‡ji
mvg‡bB g`¨cvb Ki‡Zb| wZwb g`¨cvb Ki‡Zb, wKš‘ gË Ae¯’vq KL‡bv †KD Zuv‡K †`‡Lwb|
mybx‡ji c~e©-cwðg-G c‡owQ, gaym~`b `Ë, ivRbvivqY emy, f~‡èP›`Ö gy‡Lvcva¨vq hLb wn›`y K‡j‡R co‡Zb,
ZLb cÖKvk¨ ¯’v‡b e‡m wbKU¯’ gymwjg †`vKvb †_‡K Mi“i gvs‡mi Kveve G‡b †L‡Zb Ges g‡b Ki‡Zb, †mUvB
cyivZb‡K eR©b Kivi GKUv evnv`ywi| gaym~`b, ivRbvivqY, f‚‡`‡ei g‡Zv Bqs †e½jiv †g‡qgvby‡li e¨vcviUv‡K
N„Yvi †Pv‡L †`L‡Zb| ew¼gP›`Ö, `w¶YviÄb gy‡Lvcva¨vq, ivg‡Mvcvj †Nvl, †Mvwe›`P›`Ö emvK, ivgZby jvwnox,
Ag„Zjvj wgÎ, c¨vixPuv` wgÎ, wØ‡R›`Öjvj ivq cÖgyL Lye fv‡jvfv‡e g`¨cv‡b Avm³ wQ‡jb| c‡i Gu‡ì G‡KKRb
evsjvi w`Kcvj n‡qwQ‡jb| Kwe Ck¦i¸ß ïay g`¨cv‡b Avm³B wQ‡jb bv, wZwb g`¨cv‡bi ¸YMvb †M‡q KweZv
wj‡L‡Qb (ab¨‡i †evZjevwm ab¨ jvj Rj,/ ab¨ ab¨ wejv‡Zi mf¨Zvi dj)| wKš‘ gaym~`b eêvnxbfv‡e g`¨cvb
Ki‡jI g`cv‡bi mgv‡jvPbv K‡i bvUK wj‡LwQ‡jb| nwið›`Ö gy‡Lvcva¨vq cÖ_g ¯¿xi g„Zzï ci eÜzi cvjvq c‡i
myivcv‡b Avm³ nb, wKš‘ g`¨cv‡bi Kzdj cÖm‡½ wn›`y c¨vwUªqU cwÎKvq GKwU PgrKvi cÖeÜ †j‡Lb| Ck¦iP›`Ö
we`¨vmvMi wewfbœ mfvq gv‡Sg‡a¨ †hvM w`‡Zb, wKš‘ wZwb wQ‡jb †NviZi g`¨cvb we‡ivax| g`¨cv‡bi Avmi ïi“
nIqvi Av‡MB wZwb P‡j Avm‡Zb| we`¨vmvMi Avevi Avwd‡g Avm³ wQ‡jb| ew¼gP›`Ö g`¨cvb Ki‡Zb
eêvnxbfv‡eB Zuvi ¸i“ Kwe Ck¦i¸‡ßi g‡Zv| we`¨vmvMi †hgb Avwdg Qvo‡Z cv‡ibwb, ew¼gP›`ÖI †Zgwb g`
Qvo‡Z cv‡ibwb|
g` cvb bv Kivi e¨vcv‡i we`¨vmvMi wQ‡jb fxlY †Muvov| we`¨vmvM‡ii Kv‡Q GKevi GK gvZvj UvKv PvB‡j
wZwb †mÖd Rvwb‡q w`‡jb, g` LvIqvi Rb¨ wZwb cqmv †`b bv| gvZvj ZLb ejj, Ôgaym~`b‡K Z‡e g` †L‡Z
Avcwb cqmv †`b †Kb?Õ DË‡i we`¨vmvMi e‡jwQ‡jb, Ôgayi g‡Zv GKUv †gNbvèa Kve¨ †jL, Zvn‡j †Zv‡KI
g` Lvevi cqmv †è|Õ ivRv ivg‡gvnb ¯^qs myivcvb wk¶v †Ìqvi AbyK‚‡j GKRb ¸i“Z¡c~Y© ¸i“ wQ‡jb| wKš‘
wZwb cwiwgZ cv‡bi K_v ej‡Zb| g`¨cv‡b †KD Zuv‡K mxgv j•Nb Ki‡Z †`‡Lwb| wKš‘ †mB mxgv Zuvi wklïv
†KD i¶v Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| cieZ©xKv‡j †`Lv †M‡Q, f`ª‡jvK n‡Z n‡j g` cvb Kiv DwPZÑG aviYv ZLb A‡bKUv
g¾vMZ| nwik gy‡Lvcva¨vq, ØviKvbv_ wgÎ, `yM©v`vm e‡›`¨vcva¨vq AKv‡j cÖvY nvivb AwZwi³ g`¨cv‡bi
cwiYwZ‡ZB|
Ck¦iP›`Ö ¸ß Bs‡iwR wk¶vq wkw¶Z evey‡ì `y‡Pv‡L †`L‡Z cvi‡Zb bv| wZwb Gu‡ì e¨½ K‡i eû KweZv
†j‡Lb| wZwb Bs‡iwR wkw¶Z‡ì wn›`yqvwbwe‡ivax ¯^fve ei`vkZ Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb bv| Bs‡iwR wkw¶Z evey‡ì
g‡a¨ Bs‡iwR beel© cvjb Kiv ïi“ nq| Ck¦iP›`Ö ¸ß Zvi wei“‡× KweZv †j‡Lb GB e‡j:
†Mvivi `½‡j wMqv K_v Kn †n‡m|
†Vm †g‡i em wMqv wewe‡ì †Nu‡m\
iv½vgyL †`‡L evev †U‡b jI n¨vg|
†Wv›U K¨vi wn›`yqvbx W¨vg W¨vg W¨vg\
38
wcuwo †c‡Z Sz‡iv jy‡m wg‡Q awi †bg|

wg‡m bvwn wgm Lvq wK‡m n‡e †dg?
kvoxciv G‡jvPzj Avgv‡ì †gg|
†ejvK †bwUf †jwW †kg †kg †kg\
Z‡e Zuv‡ì myivcv‡bi wei“‡× e¨w³MZfv‡e wKQy ej‡Zb bv| KviY, wZwb wb‡RB wQ‡jb Avm³| Zuv‡ì
KÕcyi“l Av‡MB hye‡Kiv †ek¨vm³ n‡jI g`¨cvb Ki‡Zb bv| MuvRv, Pim ev Avwdg †L‡Zb|
Bs‡iwR wk¶vi Av‡M †bkv‡Lvi †evSv‡Z Õ¸wj‡LviÕ, ÔMuvRv‡LviÕ, ÔAvwdg‡LviÕ BZ¨vw` kã eënƒZ n‡Zv|
Bs‡iwR wkw¶Z‡ì Kj¨v‡Y Rš§ n‡jv bZzb kã Ôg`‡LviÕ| wbæe‡M©i gvby‡livB wQ‡jb msL¨vq †ewk| G‡ì Rb¨B
ïuwoi †`vKvb ev wPwKrm‡Ki wWm‡cbmvwi‡Z g` wewµ n‡Zv| A‡b‡KB †mLv‡b ùvo‡fvM †L‡q Uj‡Z Uj‡Z evwo
wdi‡Zb| ZLb nq †ek¨vevwo, bq iv¯—vq MovMwo †h‡Zb Zuviv|
wmwU Ae Rq
KjKvZvi Mv‡q Avb›` bMixi ZKgv jvMvb GK divwm †jLK| 1986 mv‡j †`vwgwbK jvwc‡qi †j‡Lb `¨ wmwU
Ae Rq| eBwU m¤ú‡K© A‡bK ï‡bwQ Avwg, cwowb| Z‡e G Dcb¨vm wb‡q evbv‡bv QwewU †`‡LwQ| Igcyix Avi
kvevbv AvRwg Awfbq K‡iwQ‡jb QwewU‡Z| K‡qKRb mv`v Pvgovi wkíxI wQ‡jb| fv‡Mï mÜv‡b MÖvg †_‡K wZb
mš—vb wb‡q Avmv Igcyix KjKvZvi GK ew¯—‡Z _v‡K| c¨vwUªK myqv‡qR bv‡gi GK Av‡gwiKvb Wv³vi Av‡mb
KjKvZvq| G‡mB iwOjv kn‡ii GK eviewbZvi Là‡i c‡o †nv‡Uji“‡g me©¯^ nvivb| UvDU‡ì nv‡Z †nb¯—v
n‡q AvnZ nb| Zv‡K AvkÖq †`q Igcyix Avi kvevbv AvRwg| wb‡q hvq Zv‡ì ew¯—‡Z| `vwi‡`ªï g‡a¨ _vKv
gvbyl¸‡jvi Avb›`gq Rxe‡bi K_v dz‡U I‡V QwewU‡Z|
wmwU Ae Rq Dcb¨v‡mi †jLK †`vwgwbK jvwc‡q‡ii Rxeb AZ¨š— NUbveûj I †ivgvÂKi AwfÁZvq ficyi|
1948 mv‡j m‡Z‡iv eQi eq‡m mvsevw`K wn‡m‡e Zuvi nv‡ZLwo| GKB mg‡q gvÎ k wZ‡bK UvKv c‡K‡U wb‡q
c¨vwim kn‡ii wb‡Ri evwo †Q‡o †ewi‡q c‡ob wZwik nvRvi gvB‡ji mgy`ªc_ cwiµgvq| GKmgq G‡jb
KjKvZvq| 1981 mv‡j KjKvZv G‡m m¯¿xK GK ew¯—‡Z †_‡K Kzô‡ivMx‡ì †mev Ki‡jb| wgk‡jb bvbv ¯—‡ii
gvby‡li m‡½| 1986 mv‡j wmwU Ae Rq bv‡g Dcb¨vm wj‡L Av‡jvob m„wó Ki‡jb| 1992 mv‡j nwjDwW
cwiPvjK †ivbvì †Rv‡d evbv‡jb Zuvi Kvwnwb wb‡q GKB bv‡g Qwe| †mB †_‡KB KjKvZvi Av‡iK bvg wmwU Ae
Rq|
KjKvZvi evBwR
ÔKwjKvËvÕi evBwR‡ì Mí Avwg cÖ_g ïwb Avgvi wcZvg‡ni KvQ †_‡K| wZwb ej‡Zb, Zv‡ì mgq (wek kZ‡Ki
wØZxq-Z…Zxq `kK) mÜ¨vi ci †_‡K KjKvZvi A‡bK evwo‡Z bvP-Mv‡bi Avmi emZ| †g‡qgvby‡liv bvPZ, Zviv
†mme †`L‡Z †h‡Zb| Avwg evB‡ì cÖ_g †`wL ÔIgivI RvbÕ wm‡bgvq| †iLv Awfbq K‡iwQ‡jb Zuvi gv‡qi
e¨w³Rxe‡bi Pwi‡Î|
Avgv‡ì mgq evBiv wejyß n‡q hvq| Avgiv Zv‡ì Avi †`wL bv, Avgiv †`wL Ab¨wKQy| AZx‡Z fvi‡Zi DËi
cÖ‡`k, h_vÑivR¯’vb, gnvivóª I ¸RivU iv‡R¨ evB k‡ãi gva¨‡g †evSv‡bv n‡Zv aª“cw` b„Z¨-Mx‡Z cvi`k©x
m¤£vš— gwnjv‡ì| Lye †QvU _vK‡ZB Zuviv I¯—v`‡ì Kv‡Q Zvwjg wb‡q b„Z¨-MxZ wkL‡Zb| wk¶v †k‡l kv¯¿xq
b„Z¨-MxZ‡K †ckv wn‡m‡e wb‡j †jv‡K Zuv‡ì evB kãwUi m‡½ m¤§vbm~PK ÔwRÕ kãwU Ry‡o w`Z, ZLb Zuv‡ì
bv‡gi †k‡l †kvfv †cZ evBwR Awfav| evBwRiv mgªvU, myjZvb, ev`kv, ivRv-beve I Rwg`vi‡ì isgn‡j kv¯¿xq
b„Z¨-MxZ cwi‡ekb K‡i wecyj A_© I L¨vwZ jvf Ki‡Zb| A_© Av‡qi Rb¨ Zuviv †hgb evB‡i gyR‡iv‡Z wM‡q
bvP‡Zb, †Zgwb wb‡R‡ì N‡iI gvnwdj emv‡Zb|
evB‡ì KjKvZvq wb‡q Av‡mb A‡hva¨vi weZvwoZ beve Iqv‡R` Avjx kvn (1822-97)| Bs‡iR miKvi
Zuv‡K GK Afz¨Ìv‡bi gva¨‡g weZvob K‡i A‡hv×v †_‡K| †mLv‡b wQj Zuvi isgnj| wZwb wb‡R Mvb wjL‡Zb,
KÌK bv‡Pi cÖPjb K‡iwQ‡jb| AmsL¨ DccZœx wQj Zuvi| Zv‡ì Rvbhy³ bvbv bv‡g WvK‡Zb wZwb| Zv‡ì Rb¨
Avjv`v †n‡ig wQj| †hgb wQj w`wji ev`kv ev B¯—v¤^y‡ji myjZvb‡ì| Dwbk kZ‡Ki gvSvgvwS mg‡q Zuv‡K
†mLvb †_‡K mwi‡q cÖ_‡g wKQyw`b †dvU© DBwjqv‡g e›`x K‡i †i‡L c‡i ûMjx b`xi Zx‡i †gwUqv eyi“‡R Zuv‡K
Zuvi mw½bxmn Avevmf‚wgi eë¯’v Kiv nq| gv‡m GK jvL i“wc K‡i fvZv †Ìqv n‡Zv Zuv‡K| GB wb‡q
dzwZ©dvZ©vq Rxeb KvwU‡q w`‡jb A‡hva¨vi †kl ¯^vaxb beve Iqv‡R` Avjx kvn| wZwb wkqv a‡g©i GKRb
39
ag©¸i“I wQ‡jb| Zuvi g„Zzï ci †gwUqv eyi“‡R Zuvi †h cÖvmv` wQj, †mwUi GKwU Ask GL‡bv wU‡K Av‡Q
Bgvgevov wn‡m‡e| GKevi wM‡q †`‡L G‡mwQ| †gwUqv eyi“‡R Zuvi ivRwmK †Kv‡bv wPý GLb Avi †bB| Z‡e
Zuvi mg‡q Avg`vwb nIqv evB‡ì wPý KjKvZvq i‡q †M‡Q|
evBwR‡ì bvP-Mv‡bi Avmi‡K gyR‡iv, †gnwdj ev gvB‡djI ejv n‡q _v‡K| †gnwd‡j cvwikÖwg‡Ki wewbg‡q
AskMÖnY QvovI †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv evBwR ivRv-gnvivRv-beve‡ì ìevi †_‡K wbqwgZ gvwmK †eZb †c‡Zb|
cÖv_wgK hy‡Mi bvgKiv evBwR‡ì g‡a¨ wQ‡jb wbwK, Avmib, wRbœvZ, †eMgRvb, wn½yjv, wgR©vRvb, bvwbœRvb,
mycbRvb cÖgyL| G‡ì g‡a¨ wbwK evBwR 1823 mv‡j ivRv ivg‡gvnb iv‡qi evMvbevwo‡Z b„Z¨-MxZ cwi‡ekb
K‡i †`wk-we‡`wk iwmKR‡bi `„wó AvKl©Y K‡iwQ‡jb| cieZ©xKv‡j L¨vwZjvfKvix evBwR‡ì g‡a¨ kÖxRvb,
gykZvwi, gvkKvRvb, MniRvb, RÏbevB, RvbKx ev Qvàvbœ Qywo, †Rv‡ivevB, Ave`bevB, bvQwgevB, bxjg,
†ivkbviv, AvmZvwi, imyjyb, KvjxevB, nxivevB, †KkievB, mi¯^Zx, gywbœ, KvwbRvb, AvwgiRvb, Mv½y, we`¨vaix,
wm‡×k¦ixÑGuiv| KjKvZvi †mB w`b AvR Avi †bB| GLb KjKvZv Zvi isX‡Oi cÖKvk NUvq ZviKvLwPZ †nv‡Uj
Avi cvK© w÷ªU‡K wN‡i|
mÜ¨v bv‡g cvK© w÷ª‡U

KjKvZvq cvK© w÷ªU Avgv‡K †U‡bwQj †mB cÖ_g `k©‡bBÑ1990 mv‡j| wZb w`‡bi †mB Kbdv‡iÝ †kl n‡j
AviI wZbwU mÜ¨v Avgiv KvwU‡qwQjvg KjKvZvq| eo †ivgvÂKi wQj †mB mÜ¨v¸‡jv| eo fvB‡ì m‡½
Avgv‡ì Avevm¯’j mì w÷ª‡Ui gvwiqv †nv‡Uj †_‡K cv‡q nuvUvc_ †cwi‡q cÖk¯— dzUcvZIqvjv GKUv eo iv¯—v
†`wL| Zvi `ycv‡k wf‡±vwiqvb ixwZi wZb-PviZjv `vjv‡bi mvwi| evwo¸‡jv GKUvi m‡½ Ab¨wU jvMv‡bv| Zvi
†Kv‡bvwU Gjwc ev K¨v‡m‡Ui †`vKvb, †Kv‡bvwU Nwoi, †Kv‡bvwU ev bvgx †Kv‡bv eª¨vÛkc| Avwg wM‡qwQ 50 Wjvi
wb‡q| Avwg †Kv‡bv †`vKv‡b XzwK bv| ïay eo fvB‡ì AbymiY Kwi| Zuviv Avgv‡K cÖPÊ k‡ã Mvb †e‡R Pjv
GKUv †i÷z‡i‡›U wb‡q hvb| c‡i ïwb, GUv‡K cve e‡j| †jvKR‡b Vvmv †i÷z‡i‡›Ui GK †Kv‡Y GKUv †QvU gÂ|
Zvi Ici ùvwo‡q wnw›` Mvb MvB‡Qb GK Zi“Yx| Mv‡q wSKwgK Kiv Rwii `vbv`vi wRwbm jvMv‡bv| cv‡k †KD
Wªvg evRv‡”Qb| †KD wMUvi| mvg‡bi †Uwej¸‡jv‡Z mvf© n‡”Q †cvov‡bv †Mvk‡Zi Lvevi| m‡½ bvbv c‡ì
A¨vj‡Kvnj| weqvi‡mex‡ì msL¨v †ewk| †KvK-dv›Uv ev †gv‡RvI Av‡Q| Avgvi Rb¨ †Kv‡Ki AW©vi †Ìqv n‡jv|
m‡½ Av`v †Ìqv †Qvjv| Avwg Avb‡›ì m‡½ mycviwnU wnw›` Mvb ïwb| †`wL, wKQy †jvK IB †QvÆ †÷‡Ri cv‡k
wM‡q ùvovq| Zviv 10 i“wc, 20 i“wci †bvU wb‡q GwM‡q hvq MvwqKvi Kv‡Q| MvwqKv‡K wb‡Ri nv‡Z eKwkm
†Ìqv‡Z Abvwej Avb›`| GKmgq hvÎvi gvSLv‡b GgbwU wQj| cieZ©x mg‡q BD‡ivc-Av‡gwiKv‡ZI G
ms¯‹…wZi Pj †`‡LwQ| †÷‡Ri Ici ùvwo‡q GKUv LuywU a‡i †Kv‡bv Zi“Yx Mv‡bi m‡½ bvP‡Q| Af¨vMZiv Zvi
†Kvg‡i ¸u‡R w`‡”Qb Wjvi| †hgb hvÎvi bZ©Kxi †Kvg‡ii wdZvi fuv‡R †Ìqv nq UvKv ev i“wc| welq GKB,
¯’vb-Kvj-cvÎ‡f‡` iKgwU GKUz Avjv`v, GB hv|
Avgv‡ì eo fvB‡ì g‡a¨ ejvewj nw”Qj †h, KjKvZvq K¨vev‡i bv‡Pi Pj GLb †Zgb †bB| eo evRv‡ii
w`‡K †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv evwo‡Z GL‡bv Av‡Q e‡U, wKš‘ cywjwk cvKov-cvKwoi Kvi‡Y †m¸‡jv ax‡i ax‡i D‡V hv‡”Q|
K¨vev‡i †`Lvi Lye AvMÖn wQj| wKš‘ my‡hvM cvIqv †Mj bv| wZb k eQ‡ii cy‡iv‡bv GB kn‡i evBwR‡ì wb‡q evey
ev be¨ evey Avi weªwUk‡ì g”Qe Kivi †h ms¯‹…wZ Pvjy wQj, †h¸‡jv‡K ÔgyR‡ivÕ ejv n‡Zv, ZviI wejywß N‡U
hv‡”Q| eveyiv GLb mevB mv‡ne n‡q †M‡Qb| cvovi gyR‡iv‡Z myL †bB, ZviKvLwPZ †nv‡U‡ji †d¬v‡i GLb n‡e
wWm‡Kv|
cvK© w÷ª‡U 1990 mv‡ji ciI eûevi wM‡qwQ| KjKvZv †eov‡Z ev Kv‡R †M‡jI GK duv‡K GB moKUvi
Gcvi-Icvi w`‡q nuvUv Avgvi n‡qB hvq Ges nuvU‡Z nuvU‡Z Avwg cÖvqB fz‡j hvB †h, GUv fvi‡Zi GKUv kni|
we‡j‡Zi A‡bK kni †`Lv n‡q‡Q Avgvi| GK k eQi Av‡Mi we‡ePbvq GUv †h‡Kv‡bv we‡jwZ kn‡iiB g‡Zv
e‡jB Avgvi g‡b nq| 1890 mv‡j we‡j‡Zi kni †hgb wQj, hvi wb‡Pi Zjvq †`vKvb, Ic‡ii Zjv¸‡jv‡Z
AvevwmK d¬¨vUÑGLv‡bI Zv-B|
cvK© w÷ªU Zvi †cvkvwK bvg nvwi‡q‡Q| GKmgq Zvi bvg wQj Kei¯’vb moK (†ewis MÖvDÛ †ivW)| Gici
GwjRv B‡¤ú/// G‡m wWqvi cvK© evbv‡j Zvi bvg nq ÔcvK© w÷ªUÕ| GLb G moKwUi bvg n‡q‡Q Ôgv`vi †Z‡imv
miwYÕ| wKš‘ KZ¸‡jv mvBb‡ev‡W© †jLv Qvov G bvgwUi Avi †Kv‡bv eënvi †bB| †Kv‡bv U¨vw·Iqvjv‡K gv`vi
†Z‡imv miwY‡Z wb‡q †h‡Z ej‡j †m ixwZg‡Zv nuv K‡i gy‡Li w`‡K ZvwK‡q _vK‡e|
40
cvK© w÷ª‡U Lvb`vwb `vjv‡bi Afve †bB| KjKvZv‡K Bs‡iR Avg‡j Ávb-weÁv‡b †cÖw÷wRqvm kni wn‡m‡e
M‡o Zzj‡Z ZLb ÔGwkqvwUK †mvmvBwUÕ I Ô†m›U †Rwfqvm© K‡jRÕ ¯’vwcZ n‡qwQj GLv‡bB| GL‡bv †m¸‡jv
†mfv‡eB Av‡Q, wKš‘ Av‡Mi †mB †RŠjykwU Avi †bB|
cvK© w÷ªU weL¨vZ n‡q Av‡Q Zvi cy‡iv‡bv cve ev †i‡¯—viuv¸‡jvi Rb¨B| Gcvi-Icvi nuvU‡jB †Pv‡L c‡o
ÔwUª¼vRÕ, Ô†gvK¨v‡¤^vÕ, Ôg¨vK‡WvbvìmÕ, Ô†KGdwmÕ, Ôd¬vwiRÕ, Ôevi we wKDÕ, ÔA‡qwmmÕ, ÔAwjw¤úqvÕ I Ôgyju¨v
i“RÕÑG-RvZxq wewPÎ bv‡gi Lvev‡ii †`vKvb| ÔK¨vUvi wcUÕ-G BwÛqvb KzwRb †L‡Z wM‡q g‡b n‡q‡Q,
BD‡iv‡ci †Kv‡bv kni ev wKsev wbD Bq‡K©i †Kv‡bv BwÛqvb †i÷z‡i‡›U e‡m AvwQ| cuvP Zvivi cvK© †nv‡UjI
Av‡Q GLv‡b GKUv| GB †nv‡Uj ÔZš¿Õ bv‡gi Bb-nvDm cvewUi Rb¨ weL¨vZ| Avi Av‡Q ÔA¨vwUªqvgÕ I Ôevwi¯—viÕ
g‡Zv K‡qKwU Kwdkc|
GL‡bv KjKvZvi bvBUjvBd cvK© w÷ª‡Ui K¬ve, cve I Kwdkç‡jv‡K wN‡i D`&hvwcZ nq| G moKwU KL‡bv
Nygvq bv, GgbI ejv n‡Zv| wbD Bq‡K©i UvBg †¯‹vqvi, wKsev jÛ‡bi A·‡dvW© w÷ªU ev kn‡ii g‡ZvB KjKvZvi
GB cvK© w÷ªUwUI wPiwewb`ª miwY wn‡m‡eB `xN©w`b cwiwPZ wQj|
cvK© †nv‡U‡ji †Kvbvq ÔwUªsKvm©Õ| eQi cuv‡PK Av‡M Avwg wb‡RI GKv GKv ILv‡b e‡m Mvb-evRbv ï‡bwQ|
ILv‡b lv‡Ui `k‡K bvwK wbqwgZ MvB‡Zb Dlv DÌyc| ZLb wZwb DÌyc bb, AvBqvi| KjKvZvi bvgx`vwg
†jL‡Kiv Aek¨ cvK© w÷ª‡U Lye †ewk †h‡Zb e‡j ïwbwb| mybxj-kw³ cvK© w÷ª‡U bq, †h‡Zb evi`yqvwi| †hme
evOvwj Bs‡iwR‡Z wj‡L Avš—R©vwZK mvwnwZ¨K wn‡m‡e L¨vwZgvb n‡q‡Qb, Zuv‡ì igigv cvK© w÷ª‡U A‡bK †ewk
wQj|
2008 mv‡jI GB cvK© w÷ª‡Ui †Kvbvq ùvov‡bv ÔwgDwRK Iqvì©Õ wQj Avgvi GKwU cQ‡›ì RvqMv| 2012
mv‡j wM‡q †`wL IUv D‡V †M‡Q| GLb GKUv g‡bvnvix †`vKvb n‡q‡Q †mwU| †mw`b Avgvi †ek gb LvivcB
n‡qwQj| KjKvZvi wmwW/wWwfwW †Kbv wQj Avgvi wejvmx kwcs‡qi GKUv Ask| GLb cvK© w÷ª‡UB †QvÆ GKUv
†`vKv‡b mvwR‡q ivLv Av‡Q wKQy Mv‡bi A¨vjevg| wKš‘ ÔwgDwRK Iqvì©Õ -Gi g‡Zv cy‡iv we‡k¦i Mv‡bi m¤¢vi
mvRv‡bv †`vKvb Avi †bB| _vK‡eB ev †Kb! B›Uvi‡b‡Ui Kj¨v‡Y †h‡Kv‡bv MvbB GLb GK wUc `~‡i| †K Avm‡e
cvK© w÷ª‡Ui †`vKv‡b?
cvK© w÷ªU‡K AviI KvQ †_‡K †`wL 2014 mv‡j| Gi m‡½ jv‡Mvqv iv‡mj w÷ª‡Ui GK Lv›`vwb †M÷ nvD‡m
†_‡KwQjvg Pvi ivZ| bvg Ô`¨ †e½j K¬veÕ| evB‡i †_‡K Zvi AvwfRvZ¨ †evSv hvq bv| Zvi evB‡ii AskUv
†h‡Kv‡bv cy‡iv‡bv `vjv‡bi g‡Zv| †fZ‡i wM‡q †`wL †ò k eQ‡ii †ewk mgq Av‡M evbv‡bv A›ìm¾vi
A‡bKUzKzB i¶v Kiv n‡q‡Q| †mB iU Avqi‡bi wmuwo, †iwjs, cÖk¯— KwiWi, †m¸b Kv‡Vi Kvi“KvRgq ìRv-
Rvbvjv| gvSLv‡b hy³ n‡q‡Q Kjvcwmej †MUIqvjv Gwj‡fUi wjdU| 40-50 eQi a‡i PvKwi Kiv cy‡iv‡bv
i“geq hLb Av‡`k Zvwjg K‡ib, g‡b nq, Zuviv GL‡bv †mB cy‡iv‡bv Bs‡iR‡ìB †mevq wb‡qvwRZ| Guiv
GL‡bv ey‡S DV‡Z cv‡ib bv †h, Bs‡i‡Ri Rgvbv †kl n‡q †M‡Q| evOvwjiv GLb mv‡ne †m‡R †mev wb‡”Q †mB
cy‡iv‡bv Avg‡ji g‡Zv K‡i|
Ô†e½j K¬veÕ-G GKUv cy‡iv‡bv jvB‡eªwi Av‡Q| iex›`Öbv‡_i Avg‡ji jvB‡eªwi| †Kej †e½j K¬v‡ei m`m¨ Avi
A¯’vqx AwZw_ivB GB jvB‡eªwi eënv‡ii my‡hvM cvb| Ebwesk kZvãxi gyw`ªZ eû `yj©f eB †`‡LwQ ILv‡b|
†KZv`yi¯— wKQy Bs‡iwR cov cÖvq e„× cvV‡Ki m‡½I Avgvi cwiPq n‡q‡Q †mLv‡b| GKRb‡K wR‡Ám Kijvg,
ÔAv”Qv, iex›`Öbv‡_i me‡P‡q eo fvB m‡Z¨›`Öbv_ VvKzi GLv‡b GKUv evwo‡Z _vK‡Zb, †mUv †Kv_vq?Õ
f`ª‡jvK h‡_ó f`ª‡jvK| Avgv‡K e‡jb, ‘GmGb †U‡Mvi wKQyw`b wQ‡jb wddwU wm· cvK© w÷ª‡U|Õ Avwg †Lqvj
Kijvg, m‡Z¨›`Öbv_ VvKzi‡K wZwb Aejxjvq ej‡Qb ÔGmGb †U‡MviÕ D”Pvi‡Y| Avwg wb‡R G bv‡g iex›`Öbv‡_i
cwiev‡ii KvD‡K WvK‡Z ïwbwb| iex›`Öbv_I wK KL‡bv ÔAviGb †U‡MviÕ wn‡m‡e GB evey‡ì Kv‡Q cwiwPZ
wQ‡jb?
ï‡bwQ GKmgq GB cvK© w÷ª‡UB †iveevi mKv‡j †KvU-c¨v›U civ, gy‡L cvBc aiv wKQy evOvwj wQ‡jb, huviv
wb‡R‡ì ÔwgÎÕ bv e‡j ÔwgUiÕ, ÔivqÕ bv e‡j Ô†iÕ, Ô`ËÕ-†K ÔWvUÕ ej‡Zb| Zuviv GKUv wKDwiI k‡ci †fZi
e‡m g„Z mv‡n‡ei Avjgvwi wb‡q ì nuvK‡Zb| Av‡g©wbqvb, A¨vs‡jv, A‡÷ªwjqvb, wMÖK, wicb w÷ª‡Ui ¯‹vU© civ
e„×vÑmevB Avm‡Zb GLv‡b| Zv‡ì w`b †kl n‡q‡Q| Gu‡ì K`vwPr GLb †`Lv †g‡j|
KjKvZvi KjMvj©‡ì GL‡bv cÖ_g cQ›` †eva nq GB cvK© w÷ªU GjvKv| mÜ¨v bvgvi m‡½ m‡½ ¯‹vU©-wR‡Ýi
evB‡iI Lvm evOvwjqvbv i¶v K‡i kvwo c‡i †`qv‡ji m‡½ †njvb w`‡q GKv GKv wmMv‡iU duzK‡Z †`‡LwQ A‡bK
41
Zi“Yx‡K| cy‡iv‡bv Avwjqum d«u‡m‡Ri †Kvbvq, cvK© †nv‡U‡ji Av‡M ev †m›U †Rwfqvm© Qvwo‡q wbqwgZ
wdmwdmvwb †kvbv hvq, ÔK‡jR Mvj©, ÔK‡jR Mvj©| GK`g †d«k|Õ
cvK© w÷ª‡U †mÖd al©‡Yi g‡Zv NUbvI N‡U‡Q eQi K‡qK Av‡M| `yB evsjvi KvM‡R G‡ì LeiI Qvcv n‡q‡Q|
Z‡e eZ©gvbKv‡ji Zi“Y‡ì K‡qKR‡bi m‡½B K_v e‡jwQ| e‡j †R‡bwQ, Gu‡ì AwaKvskB BD‡ivc-
Av‡gwiKvi g‡Zv cÖvq †Lvjv‡gjv cwi‡e‡k cvK© w÷ª‡Ui mvÜ¨-we‡bv`‡bi c‡¶| Zuviv Pvb, Av‡Mi g‡ZvB ILv‡b
wd‡i AvmyK †gŠR-gvw¯—i me Av‡qvRb, Zuv‡ì we‡bv`‡biB Rb¨| wKš‘ al©‡Yi g‡Zv †Kv‡bv NUbv NUzK, GUv
Zuviv †KDB Pvb bv|
KjKvZvi GB cvK© w÷ªU eQ‡ii †kl mßv‡n me‡P‡q †ewk RgRgvU n‡q I‡V| ga¨ wW‡m¤î †_‡K ïi“ n‡q
hvq Zvi mvRm¾v| 25 wW‡m¤^‡ii eow`b Avi eQiv‡š—i _vwU© dv÷© bvBUÑG mewKQy wgwj‡q cvK© w÷ªU igigv
_v‡K G mgq|
†Mj kZ‡Ki Aa©kZvãx ch©š— mg‡q wLªóvb‡ì me‡P‡q †ewk Avbv‡Mvbv wQj G AÂ‡j| GLv‡bB Zv‡ì cÖavb
Kei¯’vb| GLv‡bB eo eo me wMR©v| †m›U †Rwfqvm© ¯‹zj Avi cv`wi‡ì Avbv‡Mvbv| me wgwj‡q `yM©vc~Rvi mgq
†hgb †kvfvevRvi, eow`‡b †Zgwb cvK© w÷ªU n‡q I‡V Drm‡ei gvV| GB eow`‡bi Qq w`b ciB wbD Bqvm© Bf|
GB mÜ¨vwU cvK© w÷ª‡Ui Ici KvUv‡Z ïay fvi‡Zi wewfbœ kn‡ii AwfRvZ bvix-cyi“lB bq, BD‡ivc-Av‡gwiKv
†_‡KI A‡b‡K G‡m wfo Ki‡Zb GLv‡b|
1997 mv‡ji †kl wW‡m¤^‡i Avwg cvK© w÷ª‡Ui Av‡jvKm¾v cÖ_g †`wL| †klevi †`wL GB 2014 mv‡j|
mg‡qi Ave‡Z© DcKi‡Yi e`j n‡q‡Q gvÎ, PwiÎ e`jvqwb GKUzI| GKmgq jvj-bxj gwiP evwZ R¡jZ
w÷ªURy‡o| GLb G‡m‡Q G¸‡jvi bZzb iƒc| Pxbviv Gme evwZi Avwe®‹viK| kni‡K Av‡jvKm¾vq ivwO‡q w`‡Z
XvKvq cÖ_g Av‡m Gwkqv Kv‡ci mgq 2011 mv‡j| GLb bZzb eQ‡iI KjKvZvq Zvi GB iƒc|
cvK© w÷ª‡U wbD Bqvi †`Lvi Rb¨ Avgiv ˆZwi n‡q hvB| m‡½ Avgvi ¯¿x| wKW w÷ª‡Ui Ôbxjg †nv‡UjÕ-G
Avgv‡ì mnhvÎx‡ì †nv‡U‡ji †Uiv‡m ùvo Kwi‡q †i‡L ¯¿xmn †ewi‡q c‡owQjvg cvK© w÷ª‡Ui Bs‡iwR beel©
†`L‡Z|
wKW w÷ªU †_‡K †nu‡U †nu‡U bvgjvg wd« ¯‹zj w÷ª‡U| Avi nuvUvnuvwUi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| ivZ ZLb mv‡o 11Uv|
Avgiv wb‡R‡ì aivawi K‡i ùvwo‡q _vwK gvÎ Ges LvwbK ci †Ui cvB, Rb‡mÖv‡Zi †XD G‡m Avgv‡ì AvQ‡o
†d‡j w`‡q‡Q cvK© w÷ª‡Ui Ici| Avgiv KLb †h dzUcv‡Z Avi KLb †h iv¯—vq, Av›`vR Ki‡Z cvwiwb| ïay
gvby‡li Qy‡U Pjv| Gme gvbyl †Kv_vq hv‡e? AvgivB ev hve †Kv_vq?
cvK© w÷ª‡Ui cvK© †nv‡U‡ji ÔZš¿ wWm‡KvÕ‡Z †Kv‡bv Lvwj RvqMv †bB, ÔwUªsKvm©Õ ev Ô†gvKv‡¤^vÕÑme¸‡jvi evB‡i
K‡qK k bvix-cyi“l jvB‡b ùvov‡bv| Zvi †Kv‡bv GKwU †_‡K `yB-PviRb †ewi‡q G‡j, AviI `yB-PviRb‡K
†fZ‡i †XvKvi AbygwZ †`q evi-†i÷z‡i‡›Ui `v‡ivqvb|
Pviw`‡K gvby‡li nuvUvnuvwU Avi †mvjv‡m Ôn¨vwc wbD BqviÕ, Ôn¨vwc wbD BqviÕ e‡j wPrKvi, wkm †Ìqv Avi
dzwZ© KivÑGB eywS KjKvZvi be¨ Bqs evey‡ì _vwU© dv¯©¡ †mwj‡eªkb! GB n‡jv Zv‡ì †mwj‡eªk‡bi bgybv!
cuqlwÆ eQi Av‡MI Bs‡iRiv hLb GLv‡b wQj, ZvivB wK Z‡e Gfv‡eB D`&hvcb KiZ bZzb eQi? wbðqB
iv¯—vi Ici Gfv‡e bq| Avwg †h‡nZz †Kv‡bvfv‡eB my‡hvM cvBwb IUv †`Lvi, Avgvi m¤^j †Kej KjKvZvi †m
mgqKvi gvbyl‡ì, we‡kl K‡i Bs‡iR Avi Bs‡iR-†Nulv GwjU evOvwj‡ì GB cvK© w÷ªU KvjPvi wb‡q †jLv‡jwL
BZ¨vw`|
Avb›èvRvi-G my‡eva miKvi †m mg‡qi cvK© w÷ªU wb‡q GKUv PgrKvi †jLv wj‡L‡Qb| Zuvi K_v¸‡jv
A‡bKUv GiK‡gi: ÔcÖ_g w`b †WwUs¸‡jv †Q‡j‡g‡qiv mviZ d¬zwi‡Ri Pv-†cw÷ª Avi g¨vM‡bvwjqvq w¯‹w¤ú jvÂ
w`‡q Ges g¨vWnvD‡mi †d¬v‡i †b‡P| we‡qi †cÖv‡cvR Kivi wWbv‡ii Rb¨ wQj ¯‹vBi“g, ey d· I †gvKv‡¤^v|
lv‡Ui `k‡Ki †k‡l cvK© w÷ªU ej‡Z †evSvZ ey d‡· c¨vb †µb, wUª¼v‡R Elv AvBqvi| my›ìx †ivR Gjgv‡ii
mgvwai mvg‡b ùvwo‡q evÜexi Pz¤b^ wf¶v Kiv wQj GKUv ¯^M©xq e¨vcvi| `xN© mgq a‡i GK‡kÖwYi evOvwji Kv‡Q
†cÖ‡gi Av‡iK bvg wQj cvK© w÷ªU| cvK© w÷ª‡Ui eM‡j M¨vmjvBU R¡jv iv‡mj w÷ªU wQj GK dvwj jÛb| †MvUv
iv¯—vUv wQj †m Rgvbvi Zi“Y‡ì Kv‡Q we‡j‡Zi cvm‡cvU©| w`‡bi cvK© w÷ªU wQj A¨vKv‡WwgK GwkqvwUK
†mvmvBwU, †m›U †Rwfqvm© K‡jR, wgWjUb †iv-G gyo‡j †jv‡i‡Uv nvDm| m‡Ü bvg‡j G‡ivwUK| †miv em‡bi
bvix-cyi“l, e¨v‡Ûi wewjwZ myi, cvb‡fvR‡bi nvZQvwb cvK© w÷ª‡Ui †miv w`b¸‡jv‡Z wµmgvm wKsev wbD Bqv‡i
iv¯—vq †Kv‡bv Rbmgy`ª wQj bv| †i‡¯—viuv¸‡jv wf‡o wfov°vi| e‡¤^, w`wj, gv`ªvR †_‡K †kŠwLb cyi“‡liv
wµmgvm wKsev wbD Bqvm© gvbv‡Z KjKvZvi cvK© w÷ª‡U D‡o Avm‡Zb|Õ
42
2014 mv‡ji gvP© gv‡m GKevi KjKvZv wM‡qwQjvg| Avgvi m‡½ Avwid fvB| cvK© w÷ªU w`‡q nuvUwQ| nVvr
†`wL, †`vKv‡bi †cQ‡bi fvOv †`qv‡ji dz‡Uv w`‡q `~‡i GKUv RxY© evwo| evsjv‡`‡k cy‡iv‡bv Rwg`vi‡ì
evwo¸‡jv A‡bKUv †hiKg wQj, GUvI ZvB| †h †`qvjwUi mvg‡b Pv‡qi †`vKvb, †mB †`qvj †e‡q †e‡o D‡V‡Q
GKUv eUMvQ| Mv‡Qi †kKo-evKo AuvK‡o †i‡L‡Q GB †`qvj, bv n‡j GZ w`‡b GUv wbwðZ a‡m †hZ| Pv LvIqv
eÜ †i‡L Avwg A‡bK¸‡jv Qwe Zzwj GB †`qv‡ji| Avwid fvB Lye M¤¢xi ¯^‡i Avgv‡K e‡jb, ÔGUv wK‡mi Qwe
Zzwjm?Õ Avwg ewj, KjKvZvi Qwe Zzwj| cÖvmv`bMixi Qwe|
Avwid fvB e‡jb, ÔGLv‡b cÖvmv` †Kv_vq? G¸‡jv †Zv me fvOv‡Pviv `vjvb|Õ Avwg †Kv‡bv Reve w`B bv|
†kIjv aiv cy‡iv‡bv `vjv‡bi Mv †e‡q †e‡o IVv eUMv‡Qi kvLvg~j GL‡bv wVK Av‡Q e‡j †`qvjwU Av‡Q| bv n‡j
GB †`qv‡ji wPýI †eva nq _vKZ bv|
cvK© w÷ª‡U GLb mÜ¨v¸‡jv eo mshgx| GKmgq †hgb wQj Bs‡iR-†R›Uz‡ì AvwfRvZ¨ djv‡bvi RvqMv, GLb
†mUv ga¨weË‡ì `L‡j| KjKvZvi K¬ve nvDm Avi bZzb M‡o IVv ZviKvLwPZ †nv‡Uj¸‡jv cÖavb we‡bv`‡bi
RvqMv| Zvi ciI ÔwmwU Ae RqÕ-Gi GB cvK© w÷ª‡U GL‡bv mÜ¨v bv‡g GKai‡bi wkniY-RvMvwbqv Abyf‚wZ
wb‡q|
43
VvKz‡ii bMi
KwjKvZvÑK¨vjKvUvÑKjKvZv
GB kn‡ii KjKvZv bvg Kx K‡i n‡jv, Zv wb‡q M‡elK‡ì g‡a¨ ZK©-weZ‡K©i †kl †bB| Z‡e 1990 mv‡j cÖ_g
GB kn‡i G‡m Bs‡iwR‡Z CALCUTTA Ges evsjvq KwjKvZv bvg Avgiv †`wL|
KjKvZv I Bs‡iwR K¨vjKvUv bvg `ywUi Drm KwjKvZv †_‡K| KviI g‡Z, KwjKvZv kãwUi DrcwË
ÔKvjx‡¶ÎÕ kã †_‡K, hvi A_© †èx Kvjxi ivR¨| †KD e‡jb, GB kãwUi Drm evsjv wKjwKjv"kã, hvi A_©
P¨vÞv AÂj| Aci GKwU g‡Z, Lvj (bvjv) kãwUi m‡½ KvÆv (Lbb Kiv) kãwU hy³ n‡q GB bvgwUi m„wó
n‡q‡Q| Avevi †KD e‡j‡Qb, GB AÂ‡j DbœZ gv‡bi Kwj (KwjPzb) I KvZv (bvi‡K‡ji `wo) Drcvw`Z n‡Zv
e‡j GB AÂ‡ji bvg nq KwjKvZv|
fvlvZvwË¡K myKzgvi †mb Aek¨ KwjKvZv bvgwUi GKwU m¤ú~Y© wfbœZi ey¨rcwËi D‡jL K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi g‡Z,
ÔKwjKvZvÕ GB ciMbv bvgwU G‡m‡Q dviwm‡Z M„nxZ `ywU Aviwe k‡ãi ms‡hv‡M| A_©vr ÔKwjÕ gv‡b Aw¯’i; Ab¨
GKwU A_©Ñwb‡e©va Ges ÔKvZvÕ gv‡b e`gvB‡ki `j| M½vi c~e©Zxi fv‡Mi Lvwo, ev`v I R½j wQj Rj`my¨, ¯’j -
WvKvZ I wewea †`wk-we‡`wk e`gvBk‡ì jywK‡q _vKvi ¯’vb| †m hv-B †nvK, †hfv‡eB †nvK, KwjKvZv
Bs‡iR‡ì wR‡e G‡m K¨vjKvUv n‡q hvq| Zv‡K `xN©w`b †mfv‡eB †jLv nq| bZzb mnmÖv‡ã G‡m ÔKwjKvZvÕ Zvi
bvg cvëvq|
bZzb mnmÖv‡ãi KjKvZv Avm‡j Zvi ivRKxq I bevwe RÄvj †S‡o †d‡j bZzbfv‡e mvR‡Z †P‡qwQj| AvovB
k eQ‡ii mv‡nwe kvmb wKsev Av‡M-wc‡Qi AviI K‡qK k eQ‡ii †gvMj kvm‡bi †Kv‡bvUvB Zuviv g‡b ivL‡Z
Pvbwb| iex›`Öbv_ †eu‡P _vK‡j Kx gZ †cvlY Ki‡Zb, Rvwb bv; wKš‘ weL¨vZ Pjw”PÎKvi g„Yvj †mb wKš‘ ivwR
wQ‡jb bv ÔKjKvZvÕ Ki‡Z|
KjKvZvq kZKiv mv‡o 57 fvM evOvwji evm| evèvwKivI Pvbwb evsjv bvg †nvK K¨vjKvUvi| wKš‘ †U‡Kwb
Zuv‡ì K_v| Zuviv Bs‡iR ivR‡K †hgb fzj‡Z Pvb, †Zgwb Zuviv fqsKi ivwÎi kni e‡j weªwUk †jLK
Rudyard Kipling-Gi wPwýZ Kiv bvgwUI Avi g‡b ivL‡Z Pvbwb| KjKvZvi 390Zg Rš§w`b wn‡m‡e
1999 mv‡ji 24 AvM÷ †_‡K GB bvg MÖnY Kivi wej cvm nq| 2000 mv‡j KjKvZvi miKvwi Bs‡iwR bvg
K¨vjKvUv (Calcutta) cwieZ©b K‡i KjKvZv (Kolkata) Kiv nq| iex›`Öbv‡_i KwjKvZv †R¨vwZ emyi Avg‡j
G‡m KjKvZv n‡q hvq|
KjKvZv gnvbMi
KjKvZv cwðge‡½i ivRavbx, cÖavb evwYR¨‡K›`Ö Ges e„nËg kni| ûMjx b`xi c~e©Zx‡i Aew¯’Z GB kn‡ii
†cŠi GjvKvi RbmsL¨v 50 jv‡Li wKQy †ewk| Z‡e KjKvZv I Zvi cvk¦©eZ©x †Rjv¸‡jvi Askwe‡kl wb‡q MwVZ
e„nËi KjKvZvi RbmsL¨v 1 †KvwU 40 jv‡Li KvQvKvwQ| GB RbmsL¨vi wePv‡i KjKvZv fvi‡Zi Z…Zxq e„nËg
kni, wØZxq e„nËg †g‡UªvcwjUb ev gnvbMixq AÂj Ges we‡k¦i Aóg e„nËg gnvbMi AÂj| ivRavbx wn‡m‡e
KjKvZvi hvÎv ïi“ nq †mB 1772 mvj †_‡K| 1911 mvj ch©š— _v‡K Zvi GB evnv`ywi| ivRavbxZ¡ nviv‡bvi
ci †_‡K `xN© cÖvq GK k eQi KjKvZvq D‡jL‡hvM¨ bZzb wKQyB nqwb| gvSLv‡b 1947 mv‡ji †`k wefv‡Mi
ci KjKvZv‡K hLb beMwVZ cwðge½ iv‡Rï ivRavbx Kiv n‡jv, ZLb wKQy KvR ïi“ n‡qwQj|
1954 mv‡ji ci †_‡K ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’iZv I A_©‰bwZK Ae¶‡qi d‡j †mB †MŠie A‡bKvs‡k Le© nq| Z‡e
2000 mv‡ji ci †_‡K K¨vjKvUv hLb KjKvZvq iƒc wbj, Zvi ci †_‡KB GB kni AveviI A_© ‰bwZK I
evwYwR¨K mg„w×i c‡_ AMÖmi nq Ges mvs¯‹…wZK nƒZ‡MŠie A‡bKvs‡kB cybi“×vi K‡i|
KjKvZv Avm‡jB GKwU Km‡gvcwjUb wmwU| RvZ-ag©-eY©wbwe©‡k‡l bvbv fvlvi I bvbv †Pnvivi gvby‡li evm
GLv‡b| Avw`‡Z wn›`y-Aay¨wlZ AÂj _vK‡jI ch©vqµ‡g dviwmfvlx ZzwK©, †gvMj, Ij›`vR, cZz©wMR ev
Bs‡iR‡ì AvMg‡bi d‡j GK wgkÖ Rv‡Zi m„wó n‡q‡Q GB AÂ‡j| ZvB eZ©gvb g~j knivÂ‡ji cÖvq Aa©‡KvwU
Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ 77.68 kZvsk wn›`y, 20.27 kZvsk gymwjg, 0.88 kZvsk wLªóvb Ges 0.46 kZvsk ˆRb|
Aewkóiv wkL, †eŠ×, Bûw` I Ri_y÷ªxq m¤úÖ`vqfz³| Z‡e †k‡lv³‡ì msL¨v AZ¨š— Aí|
44
ivRv ivg‡gvnb ivq, iex›`Öbv_ VvKzi, ¯^vgx we‡eKvb›`, †ivbvì im, myfvlP›`Ö emy, gv`vi †Z‡imv, mZ¨wRr
ivq, m‡Z¨›`Öbv_ emy, wm wf igY, AgZ©¨ †mb cÖgyL wek¦e‡iY¨ e¨w³‡Z¡i Kg©f‚wg KjKvZv gnvbMix Zvi mg„×
mvs¯‹…wZK HwZ‡nï Rb¨ AvRI wek¦evmxi †Pv‡L gh©v`vi Avm‡b AwawôZ|
KjKvZvi wZb AÂj

KjKvZvi †jvKR‡bi evmvi wVKvbv Rvb‡Z PvB‡jB Zviv mvD_-b‡_©i K_v e‡jb| Avgvi ey‡S DV‡Z †ek mgq
jv‡M| A‡bK c‡i ey‡SwQ, b_© K¨vjKvUv gv‡b Avgv‡ì cyivb XvKv Avi mvD_ K¨vjKvUv gv‡b bZzb MwR‡q IVv
KjKvZv| Avw` †h KjKvZvi Mí Avgiv Rvwb, iex›`Öbv‡_i Avg‡ji †h KjKvZv, Zv GLb DËi KjKvZv| GB
wefvR‡bi ïi“ A‡bK Av‡M †_‡KB, A_©vr iex›`Öbv‡_i wcZvg‡ni Avgj †_‡KB g~jZ KjKvZv kni `yfv‡M fvM
n‡q hvq| kn‡ii `w¶‡Yi †h As‡k weªwUkiv evm KiZ, †mwU‡K ejv n‡Zv †nvqvBU UvDb Ges DË‡ii †h As‡k
fviZx‡qiv evm KiZ, †mwU‡K ejv n‡Zv e¨vK UvDb| Av‡Mi †mB mvD‡_i †nvqvBU UvDbwU G‡m ùvwo‡q‡Q ga¨
KjKvZvq Avi bZzb K‡i ˆZwi n‡q‡Q Av‡iKwU `w¶Y KjKvZv|
KjKvZv †cŠi ms¯’vi GLwZqvifz³ bMivÂ‡ji AvqZb 185 eM©wK‡jvwgUvi| Ab¨w`‡K, 2006 mv‡ji wnmve
Abyhvqx e„nËi KjKvZv bv‡g cwiwPZ kn‡ii bMivÂjxq we¯—v‡ii †gvU AvqZb 1750 eM©wK‡jvwgUvi| †mB
wnmv‡e KjKvZvi AvqZb Avgv‡ì XvKvi †P‡q cÖvq wØ¸Y|
KjKvZvi we¯—vi îwLK, wjwbqvi c¨vUv‡b©i| M½vi c~e© w`K †_‡K B÷vb© †g‡UªvcwjUb (B Gg) evBcvm ch©š —
kn‡ii cÖ¯’ gvÎ 5-6 wK‡jvwgUvi| k¨vgcyKzi, nvwZevMvb, k¨vgevRvi, evMevRvi, Kz‡gviUzwj,
†Rvovmuv‡KvÑKjKvZvi Gme cy‡iv‡bv GjvKv DËi KjKvZvq| KjKvZvi cyivb XvKv|
ga¨ KjKvZv kn‡ii me©v‡c¶v ¸i“Z¡c~Y© AÂj| webq-ev`j-`x‡bk evM ev weev`xevM‡K †K›`Ö K‡i GLv‡bB
M‡o D‡V‡Q KjKvZvi †K›`Öxq evwYR¨ AÂj| gnvKiY, wRwcI, nvB‡KvU©, jvjevRvi cywjk mì, KjKvZv †cŠi
ms¯’vmn GKvwaK miKvwi I †emiKvwi ms¯’vi Kvh©vjq GLv‡b| Z‡e Zvi Av`jwU GL‡bv Jcwb‡ewkK Avg‡ji|
†mUv Lye mn‡R gy‡Q †djv m¤¢e bq| hwÌ HwZnvwmKfv‡e ¸i“Z¡c~Y© bq, Ggb cy‡iv‡bv `vjvb¸‡jv †f‡O †d‡j
†mLv‡b myD”P BgviZ wbg©v‡Yi welqwU‡K DrmvwnZ K‡i Ki‡cv‡ik‡bi AvB‡b ms‡kvabx Avbv n‡q‡Q| Gi d‡j
hv n‡e, Zv n‡”Q DËi I ga¨ KjKvZvi †mB Lv›`vwb evwo¸‡jvÑKwiwš’qvb Kjvg Avi †ivgvb AvP©hy³, d¨vmvWhy³
ev`vwg ev jvj‡P i‡Oi evwo¸‡jvi Aw¯’Z¡I AviI K‡qK eQ‡ii g‡a¨ wejxb n‡q hv‡e| KjKvZv GLb mvR‡Z
PvB‡Q bxj-mv`vq| njy` e‡Y©i evwoi is gy‡Q mv`v Avi bx‡ji Kw¤^‡bk‡b GK `y‡Uv evwoi KvRI Ki‡Z miKvwi
cÖÁvcb G‡mwQj| cvewjK welqwU †bqwb| Avevi †_‡g †M‡Q| wKš‘ iv¯—vi gvSLv‡bi wefvRK, weªR, moKØxc
wKsev †iwjsRy‡o Ggb Z…Yg~jxq ïå bxj i‡Oi `vcU‡K AeÁv K‡i GLb KjKvZvi †Lvjv PZ¡‡i Pjv hvq bv|
KjKvZv mvR‡Q bZzb mv‡R| ÔK¨vjKvUvÕ †_‡K ÔKjKvZvÕ‡Z iƒcvš—wiZ nIqvi mgq †_‡KB Gi m~Pbv|
KjKvZvi wØZxq †K›`Öxq evwYR¨ AÂjwU M‡o D‡V‡Q gv`vi †UwiRv miwYi `w¶‡Y| GLv‡bI wewfbœ miKvwi I
†emiKvwi ms¯’vi Kvh©vjq i‡q‡Q|
`w¶Y KjKvZvi we¯—vi ¯^vaxbZvi ci| UvwjMÄ, fevbxcyi, Avwjcyi, wbD Avwjcyi, XvKzwiqv n‡”Q Avgv‡ì
bZzb XvKvi g‡Zv GjvKv| Giv KjKvZvi avbgwÛ, ebvbx, ¸jkvb| kn‡ii DËi-c~e© w`‡K ˆZwi n‡q‡Q Avgv‡ì
DËivi g‡Zv më †jK Dckni| KjKvZvi DËi-c~‡e© Aew¯’Z GB DcbMix cwðge‡½i cÖavb Z_¨cÖhyw³ †K›`Ö|
KjKvZv gnvbM‡ii µgea©gvb RbmsL¨vi Pvc Kgv‡Z 1958 †_‡K 1965 mv‡ji gaëZ©x mg‡q cwiKwíZfv‡e
GB kniwU M‡o †Zvjv nq| †`kfv‡Mi ci KjKvZvi RbemwZ‡K VuvB †Ìqvi Rb¨ `w¶Y KjKvZv Ach©vß
n‡eÑGB we‡ePbvq †m mg‡qi gyL¨gš¿x W. weavbP›`Ö ivq kn‡ii c~e©fv‡Mi RjvRwg fivU K‡i GB kni wbg©v‡Yi
g~j cwiKíbvwU K‡iwQ‡jb e‡j cieZ©xKv‡j ZuviB bv‡g kniwUi bvgKiY Kiv nq| GB m¨v‡UjvBU kniwUi
fv‡jv bvg weavbbMi n‡jI †jvKRb G‡K më †jK e‡jB †W‡K _v‡K| eZ©gv‡b GwU DËi PweŸk ciMbv †Rjvi
weavbbMi gnKzgvi Aš—M©Z GKwU †cŠi kni|
jeY n«`: weavb Wv³v‡ii bMi

cwðge‡½i cÖv³b gyL¨gš¿x weavbP›`Ö ivq GL‡bv h‡_ó RbwcÖq| kn‡ii †ivW wWfvBWv‡i †h KR‡bi bvg wj‡L G
kniwU Zuv‡ì e‡j ejv n‡q‡Q, †m¸‡jvi GKwU‡Z †jLv: ÔKolkata City of B.C.Roy, Keep it clean’.
Wv. weavbP›`Ö ivq wQ‡jb cwðge‡½i wØZxq gyL¨gš¿x| GB wPwKrmK I ivRbxwZwe` iex›`Öbv‡_i 21 eQi ci
45
Rš§MÖnY K‡ib| g„ZzëiYI K‡ib 21 eQi ci| iex›`Öbv‡_i †kl wPwKrmvi mgq †Rvovmuv‡Kvi VvKzievwo‡Z G‡m
wZwb Kwe‡K c_¨ w`‡q wM‡qwQ‡jb|
1911 mv‡j Bsj¨vÛ †_‡K GdAviwmGm cix¶vq DËxY© n‡q KjKvZvi K¨v‡¤^j †gwW‡Kj ¯‹z‡j (eZ©gv‡b
bxjiZb miKvi †gwW‡Kj K‡jR) wk¶KZv I wPwKrmv‡ckv ïi“ K‡ib| 1923 mv‡j †`keÜz wPËiÄb `v‡ki
cÖfv‡e ivRbxwZ‡Z †hvM w`‡q e½xq eë¯’vcK mfvi wbe©vP‡b my‡i›`Öbv_ e‡›`¨vcva¨vq‡K civwRZ K‡ib| c‡i
KjKvZv Ks‡MÖ‡mi mvaviY m¤úv`K I KjKvZv †cŠi ms¯’vi †gqi wbe©vwPZ nb| 1948 mv‡j MÖnY K‡ib
cwðge‡½i gyL¨gš¿xi `vwqZ¡| Zuvi 14 eQ‡ii gyL¨gwš¿Z¡Kv‡j beMwVZ cwðge½ iv‡Rï cÖf‚Z DbœwZ mvwaZ
n‡qwQj| GB Kvi‡Y Zuv‡K cwðge‡½i iƒcKvi wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ Kiv nq|
Wv. we wm ivq GKRb ms¯‹…wZgbv kvmKI wQ‡jb| mZ¨wRr iv‡qi c‡_i cuvPvjxi g‡Zv Avš—R©vwZK gv‡bi
Pjw”P‡Îi wbg©vYMZ e¨qfvi Zuvi miKvi enb K‡i| wek¦e‡iY¨ b„Z¨wkíx D`qk¼i‡K wZwb miKvwi Znwej †_‡K
Aby`v‡bi eë¯’v K‡ib| 1961 mv‡j Kwe¸i“i Rš§kZZgevwl©Kx‡Z iex›`ÖiPbvejx cÖKv‡ki D‡`¨vMI †bb wZwb|
†m eQiB wZwb fvi‡Zi m‡e©v”P †emvgwiK †LZve ÔfviZiZœÕ-G f‚wlZ nb Ges Zvi c‡ii eQi 1962 mv‡ji 1
RyjvB weavbP›`Ö ivq g„ZzëiY K‡ib| Zuvi Rš§ I g„Zzï w`b RyjvB 1 Ges GB w`bwU fvi‡Z wPwKrmK wèm
wn‡m‡e cvjb Kiv n‡q _v‡K| g„Zzï ci Zuvi m¤§v‡b KjKvZvi DcbMix më †j‡Ki bvgKiY Kiv nq
ÔweavbbMiÕ|
ivRvi nv‡U †R¨vwZevey

cwðge‡½i Av‡iKRb gyL¨gš¿xi bv‡gI KjKvZvi A`~‡i Av‡iKwU DcbMix n‡”Q| 1990 mv‡j KjKvZvq hLb
Avwg G‡mwQjvg, ZLb G AÂjwU Avgvi †`Lv nqwb| Avwg †m eQi KjKvZvi wegvbe›ì †`wLwb| Z‡e 1994
mv‡j G‡m †`‡LwQ| wegvbe›ì †_‡K cÖvq wbR©b c_ w`‡q njy` i‡Oi d·IqvMb †U‡b †U‡b kn‡i wb‡q wM‡qwQj
Avgv‡ì| `ycv‡k ay ay †Lvjv gvV, A‡bKUv †m mgq XvKvq Avgv‡ì ebvbxi ci wegvbe›ì †h‡Z †Rvqvi mvnvivi
wej †hgb †`‡LwQjvg| kni †_‡K Gqvi‡cvU© †h‡Z ivRvinvU Avi fbNi bv‡g avb‡LZIqvjv †h ¶z`ª MÖvgcywÄ,
†Lvjv avb‡LZ Avi Rjvkq †`‡LwQjvg, 1990 mv‡ji †kl w`K †_‡K †mLv‡bB GKUv cwiKwíZ bMi Movi
cwiKíbv †bIqv nq| GB bMixi AvqZb Gi Av‡M evbv‡bv m¨v‡UjvBU UvDbwkc më †jK †_‡K wZ ¸‡Yi g‡Zv
†ewk|
ivRvinvU wbD UvD‡bi bvg †R¨vwZ emy bMi Kivi Rb¨ weavbmfvq 2011 mv‡j Ô`¨ wbD UvDb KjKvZv
†W‡fjc‡g›U Aw_wiwU A¨v‡gÛ‡g›U wejÕ cvm nq| Aek¨ 2013 mv‡ji b‡f¤î gv‡m cvm nIqv wej cÖZ¨vnvi
K‡i wb‡q‡Q miKvi|
iex›`Öbv‡_i †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi R‡qi c‡ii eQiB 1914 mv‡j Rš§ nq †R¨vwZ emyi| wZwb wmwcAvB (Gg) `‡ji
m`m¨ wn‡m‡e GKUvbv 23 eQi cwðge‡½i gyL¨gš¿xi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| wZwbB wQ‡jb fvi‡Zi `xN©Zg †gqv‡ì
gyL¨gš¿x‡ì Ab¨Zg| wPwKrmvweÁv‡bi QvÎ n‡qI ivRbxwZ‡ZB g‡bvwb‡ek K‡ib wZwb|
QvÎve¯’vq D”Pwk¶v‡_© Bsj¨v‡Û wM‡q KwgDwb÷ fvev`‡k© DØy× nb emy| 1940 mv‡j MÖnY K‡ib fvi‡Zi
KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i m`m¨c`| 1946 mv‡j Awef³ evsjv cÖ‡`‡ki cÖv‡`wkK AvBbmfvq KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i cÖwZwbwa
wn‡m‡e wbe©vwPZ nb| †`kfv‡Mi ci cwðge½ weavbmfvi cÖwZwbwa wbe©vwPZ nb wZwb| W. weavbP›`Ö iv‡qi
gyL¨gwš¿‡Z¡ wZwb nb cwðge‡½i we‡ivax `j‡bZv| 1964 mv‡j fvi‡Zi KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i wefvR‡bi ci emy †hvM
†`b fvi‡Zi KwgDwb÷ cvwU© (gv·©ev`x) `‡j| 1967 mv‡ji hy³d«›U miKv‡ii Dc-gyL¨gš¿x nb †R¨vwZ emy|
Gici 1977 mv‡ji 21 Ryb kc_ †bb cwðge‡½i evgd«›U miKv‡ii gyL¨gš¿x wn‡m‡e| 1996 mv‡j fvi‡Zi
cÖavbgš¿x wn‡m‡e Zuvi bvg we‡ewPZ n‡jI wZwb cvwU©i wm×v‡š— †mB c` cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib| Uvbv 23 eQi
gyL¨gš¿xi `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi ci kvixwiK Amy¯’Zvi Kvi‡Y 2000 mv‡ji 6 b‡f¤î ey×‡è fÆvPv‡h©i nv‡Z gyL¨gš¿xi
`vwqZ¡ Ac©Y K‡i Aemi †bb emy| gyL¨gš¿x wn‡m‡e †R¨vwZ emyi kvmbKvj mvdj¨ I e¨_©Zvq †gkv‡bv| Z‡e
we‡jZ-†diZ evOvwj f`ª‡jvK mgv‡Ri cÖwZwbwa emy wQ‡jb GK Awemsev`x Rb‡bZv, wb‡Ri `j I `‡ji evB‡iI
GK wewkó m¤§v‡bi AwaKvix| wKš‘ cwðge‡½i eZ©gvb kvmK Zuvi A‡bK KvR‡KB mgv‡jvPbv Ki‡Q e‡j bZzb
kniwU Avi Zuvi bv‡g _vK‡Q bv, ivRvinvU wn‡m‡eB cwiwPZ n‡”Q| wKš‘ evg`j¸‡jv ej‡Q, Zuv‡ì Avg‡j
weavbP›`Ö iv‡qi m‡½ gZcv_©K¨ wQj| wKš‘ Zv m‡Ë¡I më †j‡Ki bvg weavbbMi ivLv n‡qwQj| Zvn‡j eZ©gvb
miKvi †Kb GUzKz †mŠRbÏ †`Lv‡Z cvi‡Q bv?
46
bvg wb‡q weZK© _vK| weMZ 20 eQi a‡i ZiZi K‡i cwiewZ©Z n‡Z †`LwQ GB AÂj‡K| GB AÂj‡K †K›`Ö
K‡i KjKvZvq ˆZwi n‡”Q bZzb ai‡bi ¯’vcZ¨| `yB k eQ‡ii Jcwb‡ewkK ¯’vcZïƒc cv‡ë KjKvZvi jvM‡Q
GLb wek¦ ¯’vc‡Zï †Quvqv|
BGg evBcvm: KjKvZvi bZzb miwY

2004 mvj †_‡K KjKvZvq bZzb GKUv moKc_ a‡i kni‡K›`Ö †_‡K Avgiv wegvbe›`‡i hvB| ïwb, Gi bvg
BGg evBcvm| DËi KjKvZvi D‡ëvWvOv †_‡K `w¶Y KjKvZvi Mwoqv ch©š— gnvbM‡ii c~e©cÖvš— eivei
cÖmvwiZ GB iv¯—vwUi ˆ`N©¨ 21 wK‡jvwgUvi|
GB evBcv‡mi m‡½ hy³ n‡q‡Q cvK© mvK©vm Avi ivmwenvix A¨vwfwbD hvIqvi Rb¨ Avjv`v c_| G Qvov
Mwoqv-cvUzwj, m‡š—vlcyi-hvècyi, XvKzwiqv, mvD_ wmwU gj, wcÖÝ Av‡bvqvi kvn †ivW ev gvwbKZjv evRv‡i
hvIqvi ms‡hvM-moKI Gi m‡½ hy³ Av‡Q|
cvK© mvK©vm Kv‡b±i I evBcv‡mi ms‡hvM¯’‡j KjKvZvi Ab¨Zg cÖavb `ªóe¨ mv‡qÝ wmwU| Avevi ivmwenvix
Kv‡b±iwU KjKvZvi Ab¨Zg cÖavb †emiKvwi wPwKrmvjq i“we †Rbv‡ij nmwcUv‡ji Kv‡Q evBcv‡mi m‡½ wgwjZ
n‡q‡Q| GB evBcvm w`‡q PjvPj Ki‡Z Ki‡Z †`Lv hvq weMZ 25 eQ‡i ˆZwi nIqv bZzb KjKvZvi bZzb bZzb
`ªóe¨|
G‡ì g‡a¨ Av‡Q, ÔnvqvZ wi‡RwÝÕ I ÔAvBwUwm †mvbvi evsjvÕi g‡Zv wejvmeûj cuvP Zviv †nv‡Uj, ÔI‡q÷
†e½j b¨vkbvj BDwbfvwm©wU Ae RywiwWK¨vj mv‡q‡ÝmÕ, ÔMfb©‡g›U K‡jR Ae BwÄwbqvwis A¨vÛ †j`vi
†UK‡bvjwRÕ I mZ¨wRr ivq Pjw”PÎ I †Uwjwfkb cÖwZôvb (ÔmZ¨wRr †i wdj¥ A¨vÛ †Uwjwfkb Bbw÷wUDUÕ)-Gi
g‡Zv wk¶vcÖwZôvb| Av‡Q hyefviZx µxov½b, ¯^f‚wg I mv‡qÝ wmwUi g‡Zv µxov, mvs¯‹…wZK I weÁvb †K›`Ö|
i“we †Rbv‡ij nmwcUvj, iex›`Öbv_ VvKzi Avš—R©vwZK nƒ`&weÁvb cÖwZôvb (iex›`Öbv_ †U‡Mvi B›Uvib¨vkbvj
Bbw÷wUDU Ae KvwW©qvK mv‡q‡Ým), wcqvi‡jm nmwcUvj, we †K ivq wimvP© †m›Uvi, A¨v‡cv‡jv nmwcUv‡ji g‡Zv
AZ¨vaywbK wPwKrmv‡K›`Ö|
eZ©gvb cwÎKvi cÖavb Kvh©vjq GLb evBcv‡mi av‡i myig¨ eZ©gvb fe‡b ¯’vbvš—wiZ n‡q‡Q| KjKvZvq †h
Avš—R©vwZK eB‡gjv AbywôZ nq, Zv mv‡qÝ wmwUi wecixZ cv‡k¦i© B GK D`¨vb Ges GUvI GB evBcv‡mi m‡½
hy³| G¸‡jv QvovI wmjfvi w¯úÖs, Awfw¯—Kv, wMÖbDW byK, KjKvZv wMÖbm, D`qb I nvBj¨vÛ cv‡K©i g‡Zv †ek
K‡qKwU wejvmeûj Avevmb PZ¡i BGg evBcv‡mi av‡i M‡o D‡V‡Q|
1998 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi gv‡m KjKvZvq G‡m Lei cvB, GLv‡b mv‡qÝ wmwU Avi wb‡°v cvK© bv‡g bZzb `y‡Uv
RvqMv n‡q‡Q, mevB †`L‡Z hvq| c~e© KjKvZvi B÷vb© †g‡UªvcwjUb evBcvm Ges †RweGm n¨vj‡Wb
A¨vwfwbD‡qi ms‡hvM¯’‡j 50 GKi Rwgi Ici evbv‡bv mv‡qÝ wmwU‡Z P‡j hvB Ges †ek †gvwnZB nB| GUv
Avm‡j GKwU weÁvb msMÖnvjq I weÁvb‡Kw›`ÖK we‡bv`b D`¨vb| GwU fviZ miKv‡ii ms¯‹…wZ gš¿‡Ki Aaxb
RvZxq weÁvb msMÖnvjq cwil‡ì Awafz³ GKwU weÁvb‡K›`Ö| ïwb, gvÎ K‡qK gvm Av‡M GUv evbv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
Avgiv Wvq‡bvmiv‡mi g‡Wj †`wL, w_ª-wW wm‡bgv †`wL| Gi 17 eQi ci 2015 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi gv‡m wM‡q AviI
Gjvwn KvÊ †`wL| weÁvbwfwËK wm‡bgv †`Lvi Rb¨ AvovB NÈv jvB‡b ùvwo‡q wUwKU †cjvg Avgiv|
1998 mv‡j wb‡°v cvK© †`‡LI PgwKZ n‡qwQ| KjKvZvq GiKg GKUv wKQy n‡Z hv‡”QÑGgb AvIqvR Avgiv
†c‡qwQjvg 1990 mv‡j KjKvZvi wÎ-kZK evwl©Kxi †mwgbv‡i| KjKvZvi †gqi Ggb K_v †kvbv‡jI ZLb
Avgiv †Zgb Avgj w`Bwb Zuvi K_vq| wKš‘ cieZ©xKv‡j ivRxe KDj bv‡gi GKRb D‡`¨v³v Zuvi National
Instituted Cable Corporation Ltd. †Kv¤úvwbi m‡½ miKv‡ii †hŠ_ D‡`¨v‡M Av‡gwiKvi wWRwbj¨v‡Ûi
g‡ZvB GKUv we‡bv`b cvK© ˆZwi K‡i †d‡jb| GL‡bv wZwb †mB †Kv¤úvwbi †Pqvig¨vb Avi Zuvi †Kv¤úvwbwUi
msw¶ß bv‡g NICCO Park wnmv‡eB G cvK©wU‡K WvKv n‡q _v‡K| 1997 mv‡j cÖ_g wM‡q hv hv †`‡LwQjvg,
2004 mv‡j G‡m AviI A‡bK wKQy †`Lv nq| Zvi g‡a¨ wQj 4D wm‡bgv| hLb †kuv †kuv K‡i evZvm eq, ZLb
Mv‡q evZvm jv‡M, e„wó hLb †`Lv‡”Q, Mv‡q e„wói wQ‡U G‡m jv‡MÑwm‡bgv n‡j Ggb Av‡gv` Avi Avwg †Kv_vI
cvBwb|
iex›`Öm‡ivei: `w¶Y KjKvZvi dzmdzm

`w¶Y KjKvZvi dzmdzm wn‡m‡e cwiwPwZ †c‡q Avm‡Q GKwU wekvjvK…wZi n«`| XvKzwiqv AÂ‡j Zvi Ae¯’vb wQj
e‡j GKmgq Zv‡K XvKzwiqv n«Ì ejv n‡Zv| wKš‘ †mB bvg Avi †bB| GLb bZzb bv‡g WvKv nq Zv‡K| GLv‡bI
47
iex›`Öbv_| weªwUk Avg‡j iex›`Öbv‡_i bv‡g GB n«‡ì bvgKiY n‡j nq‡Zv bvg n‡Zv Ô†U‡Mvi †jKÕ| wKš‘ †m
w`bI Avi †bB| GLb bvg n‡q‡Q iex›`Öm‡ivei| GB n«‡ì DË‡i mvD`vb© A¨vwfwbD, cwð‡g imv †ivW, c~‡e©
XvKzwiqv Ges `w¶‡Y KjKvZv kniZwj †ijI‡qi jvBb|
Avgv‡K GB n«` †`Lv‡Z wb‡q G‡m‡Qb KjKvZvi `yB ¯’cwZÑgjqKzgvi mvnv Avi †è‡Zvl mvû| †jKwU‡K Lye
fv‡jv K‡i †`Lvi Rb¨ Zv‡ì wb‡Ri wWRvB‡b mvD`vb© A¨vwfwbD‡Z evbv‡bv 14 Zjvi GKUv K‡Ûvgwbqv‡gi
Qv‡ì Ici wM‡q Avgiv DwV| Qv‡ì Ici e‡m I‡ì KvQ †_‡K Mí ïwb GB †jKwUi|
1920-Gi `k‡Ki cÖ_g w`‡K KjKvZv BgcÖ“f‡g›U Uªv÷ (†KAvBwU) 192 GKi RjvR½jgq Rwg AwaMÖnY
K‡i| Zv‡ì D‡Ïk¨ wQj GB AÂjwU‡K emwZ‡hvM¨ K‡i †Zvjv, iv¯—vNv‡Ui Dbœqb I Avkcv‡ki Rwg‡K mgZj
Kiv, n«` I D`¨vb M‡o †Zvjv| GUv Ki‡Z n‡j †h cwigvY gvwUi ìKvi nq, Zv cvIqvi Rb¨ GB †jKwU ˆZwi
n‡q hvq| bvg nq XvKzwiqv †jK| 1958 mv‡ji †g gv‡m †KAvBwU Gi bvg e`‡j iv‡L iex›`Öm‡ivei|
cieZ©xKv‡j GB n«`wU‡K †K›`Ö K‡i M‡o I‡V wkï D`¨vb, evMvb I †cÖ¶vM„‡ni g‡Zv wKQy we‡bv`b‡K›`Ö|
GLv‡bB KvRx bRi“j Bmjv‡gi bv‡g bRi“j gÂ cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q| eZ©gv‡b GB n«`msjMœ AÂjwU mgMÖ
KjKvZv kn‡ii RbwcÖq we‡bv`b‡K›`Ö¸‡jvi Ab¨Zg| g~j n«`wUi AvqZb 73 GKi| evwK Ask MvQMvQvwj‡Z
XvKv| wKQy wKQy MvQ Avevi kZvwaK eQ‡ii cy‡iv‡bv| kxZKv‡j GB n«‡` A‡bK cwihvqx cvwL Av‡m| hwÌ
eZ©gv‡b `~l‡Yi Kvi‡Y Zv‡ì msL¨v A‡bK K‡g G‡m‡Q| n«‡` wewfbœ cÖRvwZi gvQI i‡q‡Q| Z‡e GLv‡b gvQ aiv
K‡Vvifv‡e wbwl×|
GB n«‡ì DËi cv‡k 26 nvRvi Avmbwewkó GKwU dzUej †÷wWqvg Av‡Q| Zvi bvgI Ôiex›`Öm‡ivei
†÷wWqvgÕ| 1950-Gi `k‡K GB †÷wWqvgwU wbwg©Z nq| eZ©gv‡b GwU m¤ú~Y© AwWI-wfRy¨qvj cÖwk¶Y-
myweavmsewjZ KjKvZvi cÖ_g †÷wWqvg| n«`vÂ‡ji DËivs‡k AviI i‡q‡Q ÔbRi“j gÂÕ bv‡g GKwU wekvj
gy³gÂ| iex›`Öm‡ivei PZ¡iwU mvgvwRK, mvs¯‹…wZK I ag©xq †jvKvPv‡ii wgjb‡K›`Ö|
KjKvZvi GKgvÎ Rvcvwb ey× gw›ìwU iex›`Öm‡ive‡ii `w¶Yvs‡k Aew¯’Z| 1935 mv‡j Avš—R©vwZK †eŠ×
msMVb wbàbRvb †g¨v‡qv‡nvwRi cÖwZôvZv wbwP`vrmy dzwRi D‡`¨v‡M GB gw›ìwU cÖwZwôZ nq| n«‡ì wVK gvSLv‡b
Av‡Q GKUv gmwR`| n«` evbv‡bvi Av‡MB GUv wQj| wKš‘ n«‡ì Rb¨ gvwU KvUvi mgq gmwR`wU‡K A¶Z †i‡LB
n«`wU ˆZwi Kiv n‡qwQj| †m Kvi‡Y GLb †`L‡Z GwU‡K GKwU gmwR‡ì Øxc e‡jB g‡b nq| ØxcwU GKwU Kv‡Vi
†Kej-†÷BW Szjš— †mZzi gva¨‡g n«‡ì `w¶Y fv‡Mi m‡½ hy³| GB †mZzwU 1926 mv‡j ˆZwi nq|
n«‡ì cwðg fv‡M K‡qKwU Kvgvb Av‡Q| 1920-Gi `k‡K LbbKvh© Pvjv‡bvi mgq G¸‡jv cvIqv wM‡qwQj|
g‡b Kiv nq, evsjvi †kl ¯^vaxb beve wmivR‡ÏŠjvi Kvgvb G¸‡jv| n«`vÂ‡j GKwU mvdvwi D`¨vb I wkï D`¨vb
i‡q‡Q, hvi †K‡›`Ö i‡q‡Q GKwU cÙcyKzi I GKwU myBwgs cyj| iex›`Öm‡ivei n«`vÂ‡j †ek K‡qKwU †ivwqs
(†bŠKvevBP) I myBwgs (muvZvi) K¬ve Av‡Q| †ivwqs K¬ve¸‡jv n«‡ì DËi fv‡M Ges myBwgs K¬ve¸‡jv Gi `w¶Y
fv‡M Aew¯’Z| 1858 mv‡j weªwUkiv KjKvZvq †bŠKvevBP‡K RbwcÖq Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ fvi‡Zi cÖvPxbZg K¨vjKvUv
†ivwqs K¬ve (wmAviwm) ¯’vcb K‡i| iex›`Öm‡ivei n«`vÂ‡ji Ab¨vb¨ †ivwqs K¬v‡ei g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q †e½j †ivwqs K¬ve,
†jK K¬ve I KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq †ivwqs K¬ve| fvi‡Zi Ab¨Zg cÖwm× I cÖvPxbZg myBwgs K¬ve BwÛqvb jvBd
†mwfs †mvmvBwUi (†cvkvwK bvg A¨vÛvimb K¬ve) cÖavb Kvh©vjq GB n«`vÂ‡jB Aew¯’Z|
48
KjKvZvi K¬ve
iex›`Öm‡ive‡ii GK cÖv‡š— KjKvZv †ivwqs K¬v‡ei Kwd k‡c Avgiv G‡m ewm| GK duv‡K †è‡Zvl Avgv‡K wb‡q
hvq GKUv Ni †`Lv‡Z| wekvj ¸`vgN‡ii g‡Zv GKUv RvqMv| GLv‡b mvwi mvwi †evwqs †evU ivLv| †Kej
m`mïvB GLvb †_‡K †bŠKv wb‡q iex›`Öbv‡_i bvgvw¼Z w`wN‡Z bvg‡Z Avi †bŠKv Pvjv‡Z cvi‡e|
KjKvZvq GiKg †bŠKvwenv‡ii Pj Bs‡iRivB cÖ_g Pvjy K‡i| †m mgq wbðqB GLv‡b GB wekvj w`wN wQj
bv, nq‡Zv †QvÆ †Kv‡bv Rjvkq wQj| mvD_ wmwU evbv‡Z GwUi cÖ‡qvRb nIqvi Kvi‡Y GLvbKvi Rjvf‚wg‡K AviI
Mfxi Rjvf‚wg‡Z cwiYZ Kiv n‡qwQj| GB †ivwqs K¬vewU KjKvZvq nq 1858 mv‡j| iex›`Öbv_ ZL‡bv Rš§
†bbwb| GUv hLb evbv‡bv nq, ZL‡bv cÖv‡Pï †Kv_vI GiKg †evU K¬ve nqwb| Gi c‡ii eQi mvsnvB‡Z Kiv nq
wØZxq †evU K¬ve| KjKvZvq Avi †hme cÖvB‡fU K¬ve Av‡Q, †m¸‡jv K¨v‡d, †i÷z‡i›U I evi|
2014 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^‡ii †kl iv‡Z R‡¤úk cvwU© n‡qwQj GLv‡b| wµmgvm Avi wbD Bqvi‡K †K›`Ö K‡i †ivwqs
K¬ve †m‡RwQj bvbv i‡O, Zvi bgybv †`L‡Z †`L‡Z Avgiv wM‡q DwV †`vZjvi †Uivm †i÷z‡i‡›U|
Lvev‡ii AW©vi †Ìqvi ci LvwbK Aem‡i †è‡Zvl Avgv‡K †`Lvq `y‡Uv jvDÄ| GKwUi bvg HENLEY
GOURMET, Av‡iKwU WILLINGDON LOUNGE| Avgvi eyS‡Z evwK _v‡K bv GB bvg¸‡jv Kv‡ì|
wbðqB GB †bŠKv Povi K¬ve nvDmwU †m mgq huviv evwb‡qwQ‡jb wKsev huv‡ì Aby`vb wQj Gm‡e, Zuv‡ì `yR‡biB
bvg n‡e| Avgiv †`vZjvq HOOGLY DECK-G e‡m e‡m mv‡ne‡ì g‡Zv K‡i Lvbvwcbv MÖnY Kwi|
`w¶Y KjKvZvi GB iex›`Öm‡ivei AÂjwU AvU© KvjPv‡ii GKUv fv‡jv NuvwU e‡jB g‡b n‡jv| K¬ve PZ¡‡i
KZ¸‡jv †d÷zb jvMv‡bv| Zv‡Z †jLv bvU¨‡gjv-2015| Avi GB †jK K¬ve wb‡RB GB bvU¨‡gjvi Av‡qvRK|
cuvP iv‡Z cuvPwU bvU¨`j Zv‡ì bvUK wb‡q Avm‡e GB g‡Â| evn&! mv‡neivI wKš‘ †m mgq bvUK †`L‡Zb Gme
K¬v‡e| DËivwaKvim~‡Î AvR‡Ki be¨ mv‡neivI †mB PjwU wVK †i‡L‡Qb|
25 eQ‡i KjKvZvi g‡Zv wKQy cwieZ©b AvgviI n‡q‡Q| 1990 mv‡j GK mÜ¨vq KjKvZvi Mjd K¬v‡e bvP-
Mv‡bi m‡½ Lvbvwcbvi cvwU© †`‡L nuv K‡i ZvwK‡q ZvwK‡q we‡`wk ¯’cwZ‡ì m‡½ fviZ-evsjv‡`wk‡ì †h
AwfRvZ ˆbk Avc¨vqb †`‡L we¯§‡q Awff‚Z n‡qwQjvg, Kv‡ji cwiµgvq Zvi A‡bK¸‡jv‡Z Avwg AskMÖnYI
Kwi|
evsjv‡`‡k GKUv K¬v‡ei (K¨v‡WU K‡jR K¬ve) m`m¨ Avwg| †m wn‡m‡e Gi m‡½ Gwdwj‡q‡UW KjKvZvi
K¬ve¸‡jv‡Z Avwg †mev MÖn‡Yi my‡hvMI †c‡q hvB| wKš‘ hLbB ev hZB Avwg G¸‡jvi ¯^v` MÖnY Kwi bv †Kb,
Avgvi cÖ_g †`Lv ÔK¨vjKvUv Mjd K¬v‡eiÕ ¯§„wZ Avwg fzj‡Z cvwi bv|
`w¶Y KjKvZvi UvwjM‡Ä GB K¬ve| weªwUk †mbvKZ©v †gRi DBwjqvg Uwj 1775-76 mv‡ji w`‡K GLv‡b
Uwji bvjv evbvb| weivb avb‡LZ DcK…Z nq GB bvjv evbv‡bvi d‡j| Zvi cvk w`‡q M‡o I‡V GKUv emwZ|
Kv‡ji cwiµgvq GwU UvwjMÄ bv‡gB cÖwm× n‡q hvq| ciewZ©Z KjKvZvi wdj¥cvov ¯’vwcZ n‡j GB Bs‡iR †mbv
Kg©KZ©vi bv‡g wdj¥cvovUvI ÔUvwjDWÕ bvg aviY K‡i| GB UvwjM‡Äi †mB wekvj Nv‡mi DuPz -wbPz gvVwU †`‡L
mn‡R †evSvi Dcvq †bB †h, GUv ¯‹Uj¨v‡Ûi †m›U A¨vÛª–R, bvwK KjKvZvi cvov| weªwUkiv †mB Av`‡jB GLv‡b
Mjd †Ljvi gvV I K¬ve evwb‡qwQj 1829 mv‡j| Bsj¨v‡Ûi evB‡i c„w_exi cÖvPxbZg Mjd K¬ve wn‡m‡e GLb
KjKvZvi GB K¬ve| 1911 mv‡j weªwUk ivRv-ivwb GB K¬v‡e msewa©Z n‡qwQ‡jb e‡j Gi ci †_‡K Zv‡K Ôi‡qj
K¨vjKvUv Mjd K¬veÕ bv‡gB WvKv nq|
GB Mjd K¬v‡ei cv‡kB UvwjMÄ K¬ve| KjKvZvi †jvKgy‡L GwU ÔUvwj K¬veÕ wn‡m‡eB cwiwPZ| GLv‡b 100
GKi RvqMv wb‡q Av‡Q Mj‡di GKUv D`¨vb|
UvwjMÄ K¬v‡ei RvqMvUv GKmgq bxj Pv‡li Rb¨ eënƒZ n‡Zv| AÂjUv wQj wUcy myjZv‡bi| Zuvi bv‡g
evbv‡bv GKUv gmwR` GL‡bv Av‡Q GB AÂ‡j| wUcy myjZvb‡K nwU‡q weªwUkiv Zv‡ì ¶gZv cvKv‡cv³ K‡iwQj
Avi GB meyR PZ¡i wN‡i 1895 mv‡j evwb‡qwQj K¬ve nvDm|
2007 I 2008 mv‡j G‡m †_‡KwQ GB K¬v‡ei †M÷-nvD‡m| mvgvb¨ wKQy wi‡bv‡fkb n‡q‡Q, we`y¨r I
c‡qvwb®‹vk‡bi bZzb jvBb †j‡M‡Q, wKš‘ †fZi I evB‡ii cwi‡ek, GgbwK evB‡ii AeqeUzKz i‡q †M‡Q G‡Kev‡i
Jcwb‡ewkK Avg‡jiB| ïay AeqeB bq, AvPvi-Abyôvb Ges KvjvKvbybI ZvB| m¨v‡Ûj cv‡q w`‡q mKvj‡ejvi
bvkZv †L‡Z wM‡q †diZ G‡mwQ| kU©m ev †KvqvU©vi c¨v›UI P‡j bv| G‡Kev‡i RyZv-†gvRv c‡i kvU© Bb K‡i
Zvici bvkZv LvIqvi †i÷z‡i‡›U emvi Kvq`v GLvbKvi evwm›`v‡ì Rb¨ eva¨Zvg~jK|
49
Zvi ciI GKw`b mKvj-`ycyi-we‡Kj ch©š— Uvwj K¬v‡ei Pviw`‡K †Lvjv wU‡bi QvDwbi †i÷z‡i‡›U GKv GKv
e‡m e„wó †`‡LwQ| e„wói Aem‡i Mj‡di gv‡V KjKvZvi evOvwj mv‡ne‡ì Mj‡di Qwo Avi ej wb‡q nuvUvnuvwU
†`L‡Z †`L‡Z mgq KvwU‡qwQ|
KjKvZvq GL‡bv K¨vjKvUv K¬vewU AvwfRvZ¨ wb‡q wU‡K Av‡Q| cvK© w÷ª‡Ui Kv‡QB †jvqvi mvKz©jvi †iv‡W Zvi
Ae¯’vb| K¨vjKvUv K¬ve Lye cy‡iv‡bv bq| GUv Bs‡iRiv evwb‡qwQj 1907 mv‡j| ZZ w`‡b evsjv‡`k †R›Ujg¨vb
K¬ve ˆZwi n‡q‡Q| PÆMÖv‡g n‡q‡Q 1878 mv‡j, wm‡j‡U †÷kb K¬ve n‡q‡Q 1886 mv‡j| K¨vjKvUv K¬ve cÖwZôvi
Pvi eQ‡ii gv_vq XvKv K¬ve nq 1911 mv‡j| G K¬ve¸‡jv‡K ZLb ejv n‡Zv †R›Ujg¨vb K¬ve| Z‡e †mUv ïay
Ôf`ª‡jvKÕ‡ì Rb¨| Ôf`ªÕgwnjv‡ì cÖ‡ek †mLv‡b wbwl× wQj| AvVv‡iv kZ‡Ki w`‡K weªwUk mvgªvR¨fz³×
KZ¸‡jv †`‡k D”Pga¨weË GwjU †kÖwYi cyi“l‡ì Rb¨ G ai‡bi mvgvwRK K¬ve nvDm M‡o D‡VwQj|
cieZ©xKv‡j Kwd nvDm wn‡m‡eI G¸‡jv eënvi Kiv nq| †Kej m`m¨‡ì cÖ‡ekvwaKvi wQj GLv‡b| GLb
†R›Ujg¨vb K¬ve bv‡g G-RvZxq wKQy K¬ve Av‡gwiKv‡Z Av‡Q| wUwKU †K‡U mÜ¨v KvUv‡Z Ôf`ªÕcyi“‡liv
cÖ‡ekvwaKvi †c‡q _v‡Kb| †fZ‡i Xz‡K Zuviv g`¨cvb Ki‡Z Ki‡Z Dj½ n‡q bvP‡Z _vKv bvix‡ì †`‡Lb|
cÖvB‡fU WvÝ Dc‡fv‡MiI eë¯’v _v‡K AvRKvjKvi Av‡gwiKvb †R›Ujg¨vb K¬ve¸‡jv‡Z| Bsj¨v‡Û G ai‡bi K¬ve
nvDm GLb Kxfv‡e Av‡Q, Rvwb bv| wKQy cÖvB‡fU K¬ve Av‡Q, †hLv‡b kixiPP©v, cvbvnv‡ii Rb¨ m`mïv wM‡q
_v‡Kb| Avi Av‡Q mvÜ¨ Av‡qvR‡bi Rb¨ bvBU K¬ve| †mLv‡b bvPvbvwP Avi g`¨cvb KivUvB `¯‘i| bvix-cyi“‡li
Aeva cÖ‡ekvwaKvi msiw¶Z| cÖwZ mÜ¨vi Rb¨ Avjv`v wUwKU †K‡U cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z nq Zv‡ì|
cvK© w÷ª‡Ui Kv‡Q cjm Pv‡P©i cv‡ki evwowU fvov wb‡qwQ‡jb m‡Z¨›`Öbv_ VvKzi| GB evwo‡Z GKmgq wbqwgZ
Avmv-hvIqv Ki‡Zb Kwe¸i“| A‡bK AbymÜvb K‡iI BwZnvmcÖwm× evwowUi †LuvR cvBwb| Pv‡P©i †mB evwowUi
wVK wecix‡Z K¨vjKvUv K¬ve| †h Rwg‡Z K¬vewU M‡o D‡V‡Q, †mB RwgwU Bw›ìv †èxi ¯§„wZweRwoZ| iex›`Öbv_
K¨vjKvUv K¬v‡e †h‡Zb wK bv, Lei cvBwb| KviY, 1907 mv‡j hLb G K¬vewU cÖwZwôZ nq, ZLb iex›`Öbv_
†evjcy‡ii kvwš—wb‡KZb eªþ we`¨vjq wb‡q e¨¯—| _v‡KbI †mLv‡b| Zuvi c‡¶ bv hvIqvi m¤¢vebvB †ewk| Zv
Qvov wZwb †h †cvkvK ci‡Zb, Zv K¬v‡ei †Wªm-†Kv‡Wi m‡½ †g‡j bv| †M‡j Sv‡gjvB n‡Zv| Z‡e Zuvi †gR`v
m‡Z¨›`Öbv_ VvKzi wQ‡jb GwjU evOvwj| Zuvi ¯¿xI h‡_ó AvaywbK| Zuviv wbðqB K¨vjKvUv K¬v‡e wbqwgZ hvZvqvZ
Ki‡Zb| Zuv‡ì Kb¨v Bw›ìv †èxi K_v †jLv Av‡Q K¬ve wi‡mck‡b| iex›`Öbv_ K¨vjKvUv K¬ve eënvi bv Ki‡jI
GLbKvi K¬ve iex›`Öbv_‡K AninB ¯§iY K‡i| KjKvZvi iex›`ÖmsMx‡Zi †kÖô wkíx‡K K¨vjKvUv K¬v‡eB †ewk
Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡bv nq Zuvi Mvb †kvbv‡bvi Rb¨|
VvKz‡ii evRvi
†KbvKvUvq Drmvnx Avwg †Kv‡bvKv‡jB wQjvg bv, GL‡bv bB| wKš‘ KjKvZv †M‡j GKevi wbD gv‡K©UUv Ny‡i bv
G‡j †Kgb †hb duvKv duvKv jv‡M|
GB wbD gv‡K©‡Ui m‡½ Avgvi cÖ_g mL¨ †mB 1990 mvj †_‡K| wQjvg wbD gv‡K©‡Ui GK`g cv‡kB GKUv
†nv‡U‡j| eo fvB‡ì wcQy wcQy GK eywU‡Ki †`vKv‡b Wjvi fvOv‡Z wM‡q cÖ_g GB evRviwU †`Lv|
KjKvZv hLb kni wn‡m‡e M‡o I‡V, ZLb wbðqB A‡bK KuvPvevRvi M‡o D‡VwQj| ÔevRviÕ kãhy³ A‡bK
†jvKvjq DËi KjKvZvq GL‡bv Av‡Q| eo evRvi, †eŠevRviÑG meB wQj ZLbKvi DËi KjKvZvi bMi‡K›`Ö
Ges GL‡bv ch©š— envj Zweq‡Z Zv Av‡Q| wKš‘ †mme RvqMvq Ômv‡neÕ‡ì evRvi Kiv wKwÂr `y®‹i wQj| ZvB
WvjnvDwmi Avkcv‡ki jvj evRvi m‡i Gj KmvB‡Uvjv, ag©Zjv Avi †PŠi½x GjvKvq| iex›`Öbv_ VvKz‡ ii R‡š§i
K‡qK eQi ci KjKvZvq emevmKvix mv‡neiv eZ©gvb ga¨ KjKvZv AÂ‡j emevm ïi“ K‡ib| ag©Zjv, cvK©
w÷ªU AÂjRy‡o wQj Zv‡ì evm| myZivs, Zv‡ì †KbvKvUv Kivi Rb¨ GKUv mwdmwU‡K‡UW gv‡K©U †cm ìKvi
wQj| ZZ w`‡b KjKvZv wmwU Ki‡cv‡ikb n‡q †M‡Q Ges ÷zqvW© nK bv‡gi GK mv‡ne Zvi KZ©v n‡q‡Qb| Zuvi
D‡`¨v‡M wiPvW© im‡Kj ev‡qb bv‡gi GK weªwUk ¯’cwZ‡K w`‡q wWRvBb Kiv‡bv n‡jv GKUv AwfRvZ
wecwY‡K‡›`Öi| wiPvW© weL¨vZ n‡qwQ‡jb wKQy wMR©v wbg©vY K‡i| †Mvw_K Avi †ivgv‡b¯‹ ixwZi A‡bK¸‡jv wMR©v
wZwb BD‡iv‡c wbg©vY K‡iwQ‡jb| GB KjKvZv G‡m †mB †Mvw_K Avi †ivgv‡b¯‹ ÷vB‡jB evbv‡jb GKwU wfbœ
iK‡gi wecwY‡K›`Ö| c‡Yï RvZ-Abymvix wfbœ wfbœ RvqMvq cY¨‡K mvwR‡q ivLvi †KŠkj fviZ cÖ_g †`Lj GB
gv‡K©‡U G‡m| wVK †m Kvi‡YB mvZwU fv‡M fvM Kiv nq GB gv‡K©U‡K| GL‡bv †mB fvM¸‡jv Av‡Q Ges GLv‡b
†`vKv‡bi msL¨v 2 nvRvi|
50
1990 mv‡j wbD gv‡K©‡U Nyi‡Z Nyi‡Z nvwi‡q wM‡qwQjvg| ZLb GK eo fvB e‡jwQ‡jb, gvSLv‡b GKUv
†MvjvKvi RvqMv Av‡Q, †mLv‡b G‡m †hb ùvovB| KvR n‡qwQj †mB wk¶vq| gvSLv‡bi AwUªqv‡i wb‡P G‡m †`wL,
m~‡h©i Av‡jv G‡m c‡o GLv‡b| hwÌ wNwÄ †`vKvbcvU, wKš‘ Lye GKUv Mig jv‡M bv| evZvm PjvP‡ji eë¯’v
Av‡Q|
GB gv‡K©UwUi bvg GKmgq ÔnM gv‡K©UÕ Kiv nq, †mUv Zvi wbg©v‡Yi 28 eQi ci| c‡i nM mv‡n‡ei evRvi
n‡q hvq GUv| m¨vi ÷zqvW© mvDÛvim n‡Mi bv‡g bvgKiY nq 1903 mv‡j| Gi `yeQi ci †Zvjv GB gv‡K©‡Ui
†`Lv Qwei m‡½ 1990 mv‡j †`Lv GB gv‡K©‡Ui Awgj Lye KgB wQj|
Z‡e 2012 mv‡j G‡m †ek cwieZ©b †`wL| KviY, 1985 I 2011 mv‡j GB gv‡K©‡U Av¸b jv‡M| 2011
mv‡j Av¸b jvMvi ci G‡K bZzbfv‡e ms¯‹vi Kiv nq| we‡kl K‡i evB‡ii d¨vmvW Avi †Lvjv PZ¡iwU|
AvÛvicvm n‡q‡Q GKUv| bZzb K‡i †j‡M‡Q †cf‡g›U Uvwj| Av‡M UzKwi nv‡Z wenvwi gy‡U I `vjvj‡ì †`LZvg
A‡bK †ewk| GLb cÖvq †Pv‡LB c‡o bv|
GB gv‡K©UUv n‡qwQj iex›`Öbv‡_i Avg‡j| wZwb hLb mì w÷ª‡Ui evwo‡Z bZzb`v †R¨vwZwi›`Öbv‡_i fvov
evwo‡Z _v‡Kb, ZLb GB gv‡K©‡Ui KvR cÖvq †kl n‡q †M‡Q| wZwb hLb KjKvZv †Q‡o evsjv‡`‡ki wkjvB`‡n
P‡j Av‡mb, †m mgq GUv mv‡ne‡ì AwfRvZ evRvi wn‡m‡eB Gi Kì wQj| iex›`Öbv_ ZLb A¨vKwUs Rwg`vi|
Rwg`viiv †Zv wb‡R evRvi Ki‡Zb bv| Zuv‡ì Avevi evRvi-miKvi wQj| Ggb GKRb evRvi-miKv‡ii Kb¨v
wQ‡jb Zuvi eo fvB‡qi eD, Zuvi cÖv‡Yi eDw`ÑKv`¤îx †èx| Kv`¤îx wK evRv‡i †h‡Zb? hvIqvi K_v bq|
KjKvZvi †PŠi½x-ag©ZjvRy‡o †ek wKQy AwfRvZ †`vKv‡bi mvBb‡evW© †`wL| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bvwUi wb‡P †jLv
Zv‡ì ¯’vcbKvj| wnmve K‡i †`wL, G¸‡jvi †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bvUvi eqm cÖvq iex›`Öbv‡_i mgvb|
KjKvZvi cÖ_g w`‡Ki wKQy Qwe †`‡LwQ| wek kZ‡Ki cÖ_g w`‡Ki †Zvjv †mme Qwe‡Z †ek wKQy weªwUk
†Kv¤úvwbi Nwo, Pkgv, RyZv ev `vwg Kvc‡oi †`vKvb †`‡LwQjvg| wf‡±vwiqvb ixwZi `vjv‡bi g‡a¨ †`vKv‡bi
mvBb‡evW©| †m¸‡jv GL‡bv †`wL GB nM gv‡K©‡Ui Avkcv‡k| Avgiv a‡iB wb‡Z cvwi, KjKvZvi cÖ_g wZb k
eQ‡ii g‡a¨ GB gv‡K©UwUB wQj me‡P‡q AwfRvZ| ZLb bZzb PgK †Ìqv gv‡K©UwUi bvg n‡qwQj wbD gv‡K©U|
KvM‡R-Kj‡g ÔGm.Gm.nM gv‡K©UÕ n‡jI †jvKgy‡L GwU wbD gv‡K©U wn‡m‡eB cwiwPZ| Bs‡iRiv P‡j hvIqvi
ciI wbZvš— f`ªZv K‡i 1866-1876 mvj ch©š— _vKv KjKvZvi cywjk Kwgkbvi Avi 1875 mv‡j KjKvZvi
wmwU Ki‡cv‡ik‡bi cÖ_g †Pqvig¨v‡bi bvg gy‡Q †d‡jwb| wKš‘ nM gv‡K©U †KD †P‡b bv| hZ cy‡iv‡bvB
†nvKÑG‡K wbD gv‡K©U wn‡m‡eB WvKv nq|
†Mj kZ‡Ki beŸB‡qi `k‡Ki gvSvgvwS‡Z KjKvZvq wM‡q ïwb, wbD gv‡K©‡Ui Kv‡QB GKUv Gwm gv‡K©U
n‡q‡Q| kxZvZc wbqwš¿Z gv‡K©U| wjdU Av‡Q| wRwbmc‡Îi `vg GKUz †ewk| wKš‘ gvbm¤úbœ wRwbm cvIqv
hv‡”Q| wbD gv‡K©‡U kwcs Ki‡Z n‡j `vgv`vwgi wkíUv iß _vKv PvB| GLv‡bI wKQy Av‡Q| Avwg cieZ©xKv‡j
gRv †c‡q hvB| GjwMb w÷ª‡U M‡o IVv bZzb mycvi gv‡K©‡U eªv‡Ûi wRwbm| `vgv`vwg †bB| cQ›` n‡j wKwb, bv
†cvlv‡j P‡j Avwm| PKPK Ki‡Q MÖvbvB‡Ui †d¬vi| Ic‡i `y‡Uv Zjv wb‡q Pvi-cuvPLvbv wm‡b‡c·| KjKvZvi
kwcs KvjPv‡i eo ai‡bi cwieZ©b Avm‡Z _v‡K Gme wKQyi m‡½ m‡½| G‡K G‡K A‡bK¸‡jv Kg‡c·
Gfv‡eB M‡o I‡V| Z‡e wc‡j PgKv‡bvi g‡Zv Zv¾e n‡q hvB 2012 mv‡j KjKvZvi mvD_ wmwU g‡j Xz‡K|
`w¶Y KjKvZvi †hvacyi cvK©, †jK Mv‡W©Ý, XvKzwiqv, MjdwM‡bi Kv‡QB wcÖÝ Av‡bvqvi kvn miwY‡Z 2008
mv‡ji 16 Rvbyqvwi D‡Øvab n‡qwQj mv‡o 6 jvL eM©dzU AvqZ‡bi mvD_ wmwU gj| GUvB GLb ch©š — KjKvZvi
me‡P‡q eo kwcs Kg‡c·|
cÖvq me ai‡bi eo eª¨v‡Ûi †`vKvb Av‡Q GLv‡b| †ò kZvwaK †`vKvb| Avi Ic‡ii Zjvi dzW‡KvU© Avi
ÔAvBb· wm‡bgv njÕ| Gi m‡½ jvMv‡bv Av‡Q 4Uv 35 Zjv Ges 1Uv 15 Zjv myD”P A¨vcvU©‡g›U Kg‡c·| GB
mvD_ wmwU UvDbwkc Avi kwcs gj wg‡j KjKvZv‡K K‡i Zz‡j‡Q G‡Kev‡i bZzb AvaywbK GK kni| Z‡e wbD
gv‡K©UÑGwm gv‡K©U †_‡K ïi“ K‡i mvD_ wmwU gjÑhZ wKQyB †nvK bv †Kb, VvKzievwoi Av`‡j kniZwj‡Z
evbv‡bv ¯^-f‚wg‡K †Kv‡bvfv‡eB AeÁv Kiv hv‡e bv|
51
KjKvZvi VvKzi
GKUv kni‡K Zvi Rbc` wKsev evB‡i †_‡K Avmv gvby‡li Kv‡Q cwiPq Kwi‡q w`‡Z †mB kn‡ii KxwZ©gvb‡ì
K_v ¯§iY Kiv‡bv n‡q _v‡K| ivRc‡_ ev kn‡ii eo gq`v‡b ev ivRevwo, ivRgw›`‡ii mvg‡b ivRvi fv¯‹h©
evwb‡q ivLvi †h Pj cÖvq mv‡o 3 nvRvi eQi Av‡MI wQj, Zv Avwg †`‡L G‡mwQ wgm‡i| Gi nvRvi Lv‡bK eQi
ci wMÖ‡mi G‡_‡Ý evbv‡bv wKQy gbyl¨g~wZ© †`‡LwQjvg| Zvi †ewki fvMB wQj wMÖK cyiv‡Y ewY©Z †è-†èxi g~wZ©;
wKš‘ †m mgqKvi ¸Yx `vk©wbK Avi ivRv-ivwb‡ì fv¯‹h© †Pv‡L c‡owb|
ZviB ci¤úiv a‡i BD‡iv‡ci wKQy †`‡k cÖvq nvRvi eQi Av‡M †_‡KI †h GgbwU P‡j Avm‡Q, Zv †`‡L
G‡mwQ cÖvM, c¨vwim ev Bsj¨v‡Û| Gi GKUv B½-fviZxq ms¯‹iY Av‡Q KjKvZv‡ZI|
KjKvZv Kv‡ì Kxfv‡e g‡b †i‡L‡Q?
GB KjKvZv‡ZI GKmgq GiKg AvÍ‡cÖgx ivRv‡ì g~wZ© ¯’vc‡bi PP©v ïi“ n‡qwQj Bs‡iR‡ì ¶gZv MÖn‡Yi
ci †_‡KB| 1757 mv‡ji AvM ch©š— †h‡nZz gymjgvb kvmK‡ì Aax‡b wQj KjKvZv, ZvB ivRv-ev`kv‡ì g~wZ©
emv‡bvi g‡Zv †Kv‡bv AbyK‚j cwi‡ek wQj bv| Z‡e wn›`ycÖavb AÂj e‡j †è-†èxi g~wZ© gw›`‡ii †fZi myiw¶Z
ivLv Ges c~Rv-AP©bvi welqwU K‡qK nvRvi eQ‡ii cy‡iv‡bv| †èZv‡ì evB‡i GB kni cÖ_g †h KwU
kvmK‡kÖwYi gvby‡li g~wZ© †`‡L, Zv †Kv‡bv fviZxqi wQj bv| Z_vKw_Z WvjnvDwm PZ¡‡i, wKsev wf‡±vwiqv
†g‡gvwiqv‡ji mvg‡b I †cQ‡b †hme gvbe-gvbexi g~wZ© evwb‡q ivLv n‡qwQj, Zv wQj Bs‡iR‡ì| Ges Gm‡ei
PjI wKš‘ †Ug‡mi Icvi †_‡K Avg`vwb Kiv| AvVv‡iv ev Dwbk kZ‡K jÛ‡bi UªvdvjMvi ev I‡q÷ wgb÷vi
PZ¡‡i †h Av`‡j ivRv-ev`kv‡ì RxebwP‡Îi fv¯‹wh©K iƒc Dc¯’vwcZ n‡qwQj, KjKvZv‡K Zvi †mB ¯^v` wb‡Z
n‡qwQj|
1990 mv‡j hLb cÖ_g KjKvZv hvB, ZLb Mwji †gv‡o Bw›ìv MvÜx, ivRxe MvÜxi †QvU †QvU cv_y‡i gyLgÊj
†`‡LwQ| †jvKRb Muv`v dz‡ji gvjv cwi‡q †i‡LwQj †mB fv¯‹h©¸‡jv‡Z| Gi evB‡i gq`v‡bi Kv‡Q †`‡LwQ jvwV
nv‡Z Lvwj Mv‡q aywZ civ gnvÍv MvÜxi cv_y‡i iƒc|
KjKvZvi cy‡iv‡bv w`‡bi Qwe‡Z †`‡LwQ, †m mg‡qi WvjnvDwm PZ¡‡i DuPz †ewì Ici †Kvg‡i nvZ w`‡q fuvR
Kiv Wvb cv evwo‡q ùvwo‡q _vKv ÷zqvU© †eBwji g~wZ©| iex›`Öbv_ †h mgqUv‡Z wkjvB`‡ni Rwg`vwi †`L‡Z
G‡mwQ‡jb, A‡bKUv †mB mg‡qB (1887-1890) wZwb evsjvi †jd‡Ub¨v›U Mfb©i wQ‡jb| Avgv‡ì XvKvi
Ô†eBwj †ivWÕ bv‡gi †h bvUKcvov, IUv wbðqB GB mv‡n‡eiB bv‡g|
GiKg Av‡iKRb †jd‡Ub¨v›U Mfb©i Rb DWev‡b©iI GKUv g~wZ© wQj GB WvjnvDwm PZ¡‡i| DuPz †ewì Ici
†Kvg‡i nvZ w`‡q †Nvovi Ici e‡m Av‡Qb evsjvi GB weªwUkivR| Zuvi ¶gZvKvj wQj 1898 †_‡K 1902, †h
mg‡q iex›`Öbv_ wkjvB`‡ni cvU cÖvq PzwK‡q kvwš—wb‡KZ‡b Zuvi eªþwe`¨vjq ¯’vc‡bi KvR Ki‡Qb, †mB mg‡q|
weªwUk cÖavbgš¿x jW© †kjev‡b©i cÖ‡cŠÎ jW© j¨vbmWvDb KjKvZvq weªwUkiv‡Ri n‡q kvmbKvR cwiPvjbv
K‡iwQ‡jb 1888 †_‡K 1894 ch©š—| Zuvi GB kvmbKv‡j Zuvi GKwU g~wZ© emv‡bv n‡qwQj KjKvZvi †iW
†iv‡W|
weªwUkiv‡Ri cÖkvmwbK GjvKv WvjnvDwm PZ¡i‡K ev` w`‡j me‡P‡q †ewk fv¯‹h© †`Lv hvq wf‡±vwiqv
†g‡gvwiqv‡j| WvjnvDwmi G-RvZxq wPý GLb Avi †bB| GLb ILv‡b G‡m‡Q bZzb me gyL| wKš‘ wf‡±vwiqv
†g‡gvwiqv‡ji me fv¯‹h©B GL‡bv A¶Z Av‡Q| wf‡±vwiqv †g‡gvwiqv‡ji g~j †M‡Ui `ycv‡k `y‡Uv wmsng~wZ©| GKUz
†fZ‡i †M‡jB †Pv‡L co‡e g~j n‡ji GK`g mvg‡b †ek K‡qKwU gvbweK fv¯‹‡h©i iƒc| Bsj¨v‡Ûi ivRv-ivwb
QvovI Av‡Qb Iqv‡ib †nw÷sm, Kb©Iqvwjk, K¬vBf, I‡q‡jmwj Ges Wvj‡nŠwmI| n‡ji evB‡iB †cZ‡ji Avei‡Y
g~Z© n‡q Av‡Qb gnvivwb wf‡±vwiqv, ivRv mßg GWIqvW©| evMv‡bi g‡a¨ PzcPvc ùvwo‡q Av‡Qb KvR©b, †ew›U¼ I
wic‡bi cvkvcvwk B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi wKQy kvmK| `w¶Y cv‡ki †M‡Ui Ici †Nvov Pvwj‡q hv‡”Qb ivRv mßg
GWIqvW© †Nvovi Ici Pov GKRbgvÎ evOvwji fv¯‹h© Avwg †`‡LwQ KjKvZvq| Zuvi bvg myfvlP›`Ö emy| ejv n‡q
_v‡K, GB gnvb gvbylwUi Rš§ cÖjw¤^Z n‡j weªwUk‡ì †L`v‡Z nq‡Zv ZZ †ewk mgq jvMZ bv fvi‡Zi|
†bZvwRi KjKvZv
KjKvZvi †Lvjv D`¨v‡b †è-†èxi evB‡i, iex›`Öbv‡_i ciB m¤¢eZ †bZvwR myfvl emyi fv¯‹h©B Avgvi †Pv‡L
†ewk c‡o‡Q| Bs‡iR mv‡ne‡ì ciB †Kej GB myfvl emyi †Nvovq Pov fv¯‹h© Av‡Q KjKvZvq| Aek¨ Zuvi
52
†UªWgvK© Kiv †RmPvi n‡”Q mvg‡b GKwU nvZ evwo‡q †Ìqv| †hb, AMwYZ fviwZ‡K wZwb ej‡Qb, ÔAvgv‡K
†Zvgiv i³ `vI, Avwg †Zvgv‡ì ¯^vaxbZv †è|Õ
1998 mv‡j KjKvZvi wegvbe›`‡i †b‡g Avgvi cÖ_g †Pv‡L c‡o G bvg| †bZvwRi Rš§kZZgel© Dcj‡¶
KjKvZvi `g`g wegvbe›`‡ii bvg cwiewZ©Z n‡q‡Q| bZzb bvg Ô†bZvwR myfvlP›`Ö emy Avš—R©vwZK wegvbe›ìÕ|
2012 mv‡j GB wegvbe›`‡i †b‡g wKQyB wPb‡Z cvwi bv| bZzb K‡i mvRv‡bv n‡q‡Q mewKQy, G‡m‡Q AwZ
AvaywbKZvi Qvc| wegvbe›`‡ii Bwg‡MÖkb cvi n‡q gvjvgvj †bIqvi Rb¨ ùvwo‡q †`wL, KjKvZv‡K eª¨vwÛs K‡i
Ggb wKQyi g‡a¨ GKR‡bi QweÑwZwb iex›`Öbv_| †bZvwRi wegvbe›`‡i iex›`Öbv_ _vK‡ebB ev bv †Kb?
Aek¨ myfvl emy iex›`Öbv‡_i 36 eQ‡ii †QvU| 1897 mv‡j myfvl emyi hLb Rš§, iex›`Öbv_ ZLb cuvP mš—
v‡bi RbK, wkjvB`‡ni Rwg`vi| myfvl emyi eqm hLb 42, iex›`Öbv_ ZLb eva©‡K¨ DcbxZ, kvwš—wb‡KZ‡b
_v‡Kb| myfvl emyi hveZxq Kg©KvÊ Zuvi bR‡i| †m mgq GKUv cÖZxKx bvUK wjL‡jb, Zv‡mi †`k| weªwUk‡ì
wei“‡×| bvUKwUi DrmM©c‡Î iex›`Öbv_ wjL‡jb:
ÔKj¨vYxq kÖxgvb myfvlP›`Ö, ¯^‡`‡ki wP‡Ë b~Zb cÖvY mÂvi Kievi cyYëªZ Zzwg MÖnY K‡iQ, †mB K_v ¯§iY
K‡i †Zvgvi bv‡g ÒZv‡mi †`kÓ bvwUKv DrmM© Kijyg|
kvwš—wb‡KZb, gvN 1345Õ
bvUKwU ïi“ n‡qwQj GKUv Mvb w`‡q| †hb myfvl emy‡KB iex›`Öbv_ ej‡Qb:
Li evqy eq †e‡M, Pvwi w`K Qvq †g‡N,
I‡Mv †b‡q, bvILvwb evB‡qv|
Zzwg K‡l a‡iv nvj, Avwg Zz‡j euvwa cvjÑ
nuvB gv‡iv, gv‡iv Uvb nuvB‡qv\
k„•L‡j evievi Sb&Sb& SsKvi, bq G †Zv ZiYxi µ›`b k¼viÑ
eÜb `ye©vi mn¨ bv nq Avi, U‡jvg‡jv K‡i AvR ZvB I|
nuvB gv‡iv, gv‡iv Uvb nuvB‡qv\...
1897 mv‡ji 23 Rvbyqvwi, eZ©gvb Dwol¨v iv‡Rï KUK kn‡i (Iwoqv evRvi) Rš§MÖnY K‡ib myfvlP›`Ö emy|
wZwb wQ‡jb KUK-cÖevmx wewkó evOvwj AvBbRxex RvbKxbv_ emy I cÖfveZx †èxi †PŠÏ mš—v‡bi g‡a¨ beg|
1911 mv‡j g¨vwUªKz‡jkb cix¶vq KjKvZv †_‡K cÖ_g ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡ib wZwb| 1918 mv‡j KjKvZv
wek¦we`¨vjq Awafz³ ¯‹wUk PvP© K‡jR †_‡K `k©‡b m¤§vbmn weG cix¶vq DËxY© nb| Gici myfvlP›`Ö †KgweªR
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wdR DBwjqvg n‡j D”Pwk¶v‡_© fwZ© nb| wmwfj mvwf©m cix¶vq fv‡jv b¤î cvb| wb‡qvMcÎI
cÖvq cvIqvi †RvMvo nq| wKš‘ wece-m‡PZb `„wófw½ wb‡q †mB wb‡qvM cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib| GB cÖm‡½ wZwb
e‡jwQ‡jb, †Kv‡bv miKv‡ii mgvwß †NvlYv Kivi †kÖô cš’v n‡jv Zv †_‡K wb‡R‡K cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i †bIqv| Zuvi
ivR‰bwZK ¸i“ wQ‡jb evsjvq DMÖ RvZxqZvev‡ì cÖe³v †`keÜz wPËiÄb `vk| 1924 mv‡j †`keÜz hLb
KjKvZv †cŠi ms¯’vi †gqi wbe©vwPZ nb, ZLb myfvlP›`Ö Zuvi Aax‡b Kg©iZ wQ‡jb| 1925 mv‡j Ab¨vb¨
RvZxqZvev`x‡ì m‡½ Zuv‡KI e›`x K‡i gv›`vj‡q wbe©vwmZ Kiv nq| cÖvq 20 eQ‡ii g‡a¨ myfvlP›`Ö †gvU 11 evi
†MÖßvi n‡qwQ‡jb| e›`x K‡i Zuv‡K fviZ I †i½y‡bi wewfbœ RvqMvq ivLv n‡qwQj| 1930 mv‡j Zuv‡K BD‡iv‡c
wbe©vwmZ Kiv nq|
fviZxq RvZxq †mbvevwnbx g~jZ M‡o D‡VwQj RvZxqZvev`x †bZv ivmwenvix emyi nv‡Z| 1943 mv‡j wZwb
GB †mbvevwnbxi †bZ…Z¡ myfvlP›`Ö emyi nv‡Z Zz‡j †`b| GKwU Avjv`v bvix evwnbx (ivwb j²xevB Kge¨vU)mn
G‡Z cÖvq 85 nvRvi ˆmb¨ wQj| GB evwnbxi KZ©…Z¡ wQj cÖv‡`wkK miKv‡ii nv‡Z, hvi bvg †Ìqv nq Ôgy³
fvi‡Zi cÖv‡`wkK miKviÕ (ÔAviwR ûKzgvZ-B-AvRv` wn›`Õ)|
myfvlP›`Ö emyi me‡P‡q weL¨vZ Dw³ n‡jv, ÔZzg gy‡S Lyb †`v, g¨vq Zzg‡n AvRvw` `y½vÕ| 1944 mv‡ji 4
RyjvB evg©vq AbywôZ GK mgv‡e‡k wZwb GB Dw³ K‡ib| Zuvi Av‡iKwU weL¨vZ Dw³ n‡jv: ÔRq wn›`Õ| Avgvi
aviYv, Avgv‡ì ¯^vaxbZvhy‡×i mgq ÔRq evsjvÕ †¯vMvbwUi Aby‡cÖiYv Avgiv †c‡qwQjvg myfvl emyi GB ÔRq
wn›`Õ †¯vMvb †_‡KB|
myfvlP›`Ö emy GLb ïay Ô†bZvwRÕ bv‡gI cwiwPZ| †bZvwRi Rš§w`b eZ©gv‡b cwðge‡½ GKwU ivóªxq QywUi w`b
wn‡m‡e cvwjZ nq| ¯^vaxbZvi ci KjKvZvi GKvwaK iv¯—v Zuvi bv‡g ivLv nq| eZ©gv‡b Zuvi bv‡g bvgvw¼Z
KjKvZvi GKgvÎ Bb‡Wvi †÷wWqvg Ô†bZvwR Bb‡Wvi †÷wWqvgÕ| ïay Zv-B bq, Zuvi bv‡g KjKvZvq ¯’vwcZ
n‡q‡Q Ô†bZvwR myfvl gy³ wek¦we`¨vjqÕ I Ô†bZvwR myfvl BwÄwbqvwis K‡jRÕ Ges w`wj‡Z ¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q
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Ô†bZvwR myfvl Bbw÷wUDU Ae †UK‡bvjwRÕ| KjKvZv †g‡Uªvi `ywU †÷kb eZ©gv‡b †bZvwRi bvgvw¼Z: Ô†bZvwR
febÕ (c~e©bvg fevbxcyi) I Ô†bZvwRÕ (c~e©bvg Kzu`NvU)| gq`v‡bi cv‡ki Dš§y³ PZ¡‡i †h KwU fv¯‹h© GLb Av‡Q,
Zvi g‡a¨ †bZvwRiwU me‡P‡q D¾¡j|
bxj-mv`vi KjKvZv
weªwUkiv P‡j †M‡Q fviZ †Q‡o †mB K‡e| cvwL D‡o †M‡j †hgb Zvi cvjK c‡o _v‡K, †Zgwb weªwUkiv‡Ri wKQy
¯§„wZwPý c‡o Av‡Q fv¯‹wh©K iƒ‡c| Avi GLb †mLv‡b hy³ n‡q‡Q ev n‡”Q ¯^‡ `wk †PZbvi iƒc| ivRv-ev`kv‡ì
ev` w`‡q KjKvZvi fv¯‹h©¸‡jvq gbxlx‡ì w`‡q VuvB †Ìqvi e¨vcviwU †_‡KB GUv Abygvb Kiv hvq|
KjKvZvi wewfbœ iK‡gi mo‡Ki †gvnbvq ev PZ¡‡i ev eo †Kv‡bv `vjv‡bi mvg‡b †hme gvbeg~wZ© †Pv‡L
c‡o‡Q, Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ Av‡Qb cÖdzjP›`Ö ivq, Avï‡Zvl gyLvwR©, Fwl Aiwe›`, iex›`Öbv_ VvKzi, gnvÍv MvÜx, Bw›ìv
MvÜx, ivRxe MvÜx, we.we. Mv½ywj, weavbP›`Ö ivq, ¶zwìvg, ivwb ivmgwY, ivmwenvix emy, gvZw½bx nvRqv, †bZvwR
myfvl emy, ivRv ivg‡gvnb ivq, Ck¦iP›`Ö we`¨vmvMi, †jwbb, gv·©, A¨v‡½jm I wW‡ivwRI cÖgyL|
ag©Zjv †_‡K ïi“ K‡i M½vZx‡ii †dvU© DBwjqvg ch©š— c_UzKz Avwg cÖvqB †nu‡U †nu‡U hvB| Mvwoi fu¨v-fzu
AvIqvR Avi bvMwiK wfoevÆv I †Kvjvnj‡K ev` w`‡j GB moKwU Avgvi Kv‡Q c¨vwim ev cÖv‡Mi g‡Zv †Kv‡bv
fv¯‹h©gwÊZ meyR PZ¡i e‡jB g‡b nq, hvi gvSLv‡b gvby‡li AvK…w Zi †P‡q eo KZ¸‡jv cv_i, Zvgv ev
Kswµ‡Ui Aeq‡e wKQy gvbyl w¯’i n‡q Av‡Qb| eQi `y‡qK a‡i, we‡kl K‡i ggZvi Z…Yg~j cwðge½ iv‡R¨ ¶gZv
MÖnY Kivi ci †_‡K iv¯—vNv‡U †ek cwieZ©‡bi Qvc j¶ KiwQ| cwi”QbœZv †e‡o‡Q moK¸‡jv‡Z| moKØx‡c
jvMv‡bv n‡q‡Q meyR MvQ| Avi Zv‡K †eov w`‡q †i‡L‡Q B¯úv‡Zi wMÖj| wMÖj¸‡jvi Mv‡q Z…Yg~‡ji bxj Avi mv`v
is| †hb ggZv e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi bxj cv‡oi mv`v Zuv‡Zi kvwo| 2014 mvj †_‡K KjKvZvi cÖvq me eo mo‡K,
Ifviweª‡R ev †h‡Kv‡bv †`qv‡jÑ†hLv‡bB bZzb is jvMv‡bvi my‡hvM n‡q‡Q, †mLv‡bB GB bxj I mv`v i‡Oi Av¯—
i c‡o‡Q| KjKvZv‡K bxj-mv`vq mvwR‡q †Zvjvi GB D‡`¨vM‡K huviv cQ›` K‡ib bv, Zuviv wb›`v K‡i‡Qb|
weªwUk‡ì ¯§„wZgvLv mgqUv‡K KjKvZvi gvby‡li gb I gbb †_‡K Dc‡o †djvi Rb¨ ggZv bvwK me BD‡bm‡Kv-
†NvwlZ `vjvb¸‡jv Qvov evwK me¸‡jvi isI e`‡j w`‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| Av‡›`vj‡bi gy‡L cv‡ibwb| wMixl †Nv‡li
evwoUv †`‡LwQjvg| cv÷v‡ii Ici njy` i‡Oi G evwo‡ZI bvwK GKevi bxj-mv`v Av¯—iY c‡owQj| c‡i
cvewjK G‡m GB is gy‡Q Av‡Mi g‡Zv njy` is †j‡c w`‡q‡Q| Z‡e moKØx‡ci `ycv‡k bxj-mv`v i‡Oi GB
†WvivKvUv `vM Avgvi fv‡jv †j‡M‡Q| mey‡Ri mvg‡b Ggb i‡Oi †eóbx †`Lvi g‡ZvB|
Avwg nuvU‡Z nuvU‡Z iv¯—vi DËi cv‡k G‡m †`wL GKwU meyR PZ¡‡ii bvg Ô†jvKgvZv ivwb ivmgwY D`¨vbÕ|
KjKvZvi S‡oi cvwL

meyR PZ¡‡ii †fZ‡i Av‡Q Sibvaviv, Av‡Q cvwbi cÖevn, wKQy emvi RvqMv Avi KZ¸‡jv QvqvNb MvQ| G
MvQ¸‡jvi Qvqvq †`wL w¯’i n‡q Av‡Qb wKQy gvbe-gvbex| fv¯‹h© evwb‡q ivLv n‡q‡Q Zuv‡ìÑcÖ_gwU GK
Zi“‡Yi| gv_v †_‡K †Kvgi ch©š— Zvgv‡U i‡Oi GKwU fv¯‹h©| gv_vi gvSLvb †_‡K `ycv‡k wmuw_ Kiv Pzj,
MjveÜ kv‡U©i m‡½ UvB jvMv‡bv, Ic‡i †KvU| Wvb nv‡Z GKUv eB| Zvi wb‡P evsjvq †jLv ÔS‡oi cvwLÕ Ges
Bs‡iwR‡Z †jLv ÔSTORMY PETREL’| Zvi †ek wb‡P bvg †jLvÑ†nbwi jyB wfwfqvb wW‡ivwRI|
Avwg PgwKZ nB| wW‡ivwRIi K_v Avwg eûevi ï‡bwQ Aa¨vcK W. mwdDwÏb Avng‡ì Kv‡Q| wW‡ivwRI I
Zuvi †jLv Aš—Z wZbwU eB Avgvi cov n‡q‡Q| GB gnr e¨w³‡K wb‡q Avgvi †KŠZ‚n ‡ji †kl †bB| AvR Zuvi
GKUv mv¶vr AvK…wZi Qwe †`Ljvg| Avwg †fZ‡i Xz‡K cwo, GK`g wW‡ivwRIi KvQvKvwQ wM‡q ùvovB|
†nbwi jyB wfwfqvb wW‡ivwRIi Rš§ 1809 mv‡ji 18 GwcÖj| gvÎ 17 eQi eq‡m KjKvZv wn›`y K‡j‡Ri
wk¶K wbhy³ nb| 1817 mv‡j wn›`y K‡jR cÖwZwôZ nIqvi ci Zvi cvV¨m~wPI wQj †mB mg‡qi evwK
we`¨vjq¸‡jvi g‡ZvB| Bs‡iwR kãÁvb, mij evK¨MVb, Rgv-Li‡Pi wnmve BZ¨vw` e¨vcviB cov‡bv n‡Zv|
Aviwe-dviwmI eva¨Zvg~jK wQj| wKš‘ 1824 mv‡j Wv. †nv‡im †ng¨vb DBjmb cvV¨m~wP‡Z hyMvš—Kvix cwieZ©b
Av‡bb| cvV¨m~wP‡Z hy³ nq mvwnZ¨, gb¯—Ë¡, BwZnvm, MwYZ, weÁvb, `k©bmn AvaywbK cÖwZwU kvLvi hy‡Mvc‡hvMx
Aa¨vq| QvÎ‡ì gy‡LvgywL Kwi‡q †Ìqv nq †kK&mwcqvi, wgëb, †cvc, †nvgvi, †eKbmn we‡k¦i †kÖô gbxlx‡ì|
†NvlYv Kiv nq, ïay kã I fvlvÁvb bq, gbbkxjZvi weKvk Ges wPš—v‡K cÖùzwUZ KivB n‡e wn›`y K‡j‡Ri
cÖavb D‡Ïk¨|
54
1826 mv‡j gvÎ 17 eQi eq‡m Bs‡iwR mvwnZ¨ Ges BwZnv‡mi wk¶K wn‡m‡e wW‡ivwRI †hvM †`b wn›`y
K‡j‡R| Zuvi Ici `vwqZ¡ c‡o wbæwjwLZ wel‡q Aa¨vcbv Kivi:
1. Goldsmith’s History of Greece, Rome and England.
2. Russel’s Modern Europe.
3. Robertson’s Charles the Fifth.
4. Gay’s Fables.
5. Pope’s Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey
6. Dryden’s Virgil.
7. Milton’s Paradise Lost.
8. Shakespeare, One of the Tragedies.
GB wQj wW‡ivwRIi Ic‡i Av‡ivwcZ Aa¨vcbvMZ cvV¨µg| wKš‘ wZwb wQ‡jb Ab¨ av‡Z Mov gvbyl| wkebv_
kv¯¿xi ivgZby jvwnox I ZrKvjxb e½mgvR eB‡Z G e¨vcv‡i D‡jL Kiv n‡q‡Q: ÔwW‡ivwRI wn›`y K‡j‡R
c`vc©Y KwiqvB Pz¤K ^ †hgb †jŠn‡K Uv‡b, †mBiƒc K‡j‡Ri mKj‡kÖYxi evjK‡K AvK…ó Kwiqv jB‡jb| Giƒc
Ac~e© AvKl©Y, wk¶v‡¶‡Î Giƒc m¤^Ü †KD KL‡bv †`‡L bvB| wZwb ¯‹z‡j c`vc©Y KwievgvÎ evjKMY Zvnvi
Pvwiw`‡K wNwiZ| wZwb Zvnvw`‡Mi mwnZ K_v ewj‡Z fvjevwm‡Zb| ¯‹zj QywU nBqv †M‡jI A‡bK¶Y ewmqv
Zvnvw`‡Mi cv‡V mvnvh¨ Kwi‡Zb|Õ
Bqvs †e½j‡ì g‡b †h eBwU me‡P‡q †ewk cÖfve we¯—vi K‡iwQj, Zv n‡”Q Ugvm †cB‡bi `¨ GBR Ae wiRb
eBwU| mgv‡Ri cÖPwjZ ag©wek¦vm Avi ms¯‹v‡ii cÖwZ Acwimxg N„Yv‡ev‡ai Rš§ w`‡qwQj GB eBwUB|
Aa¨vcbv m¤ú‡K© wQj wW‡ivwRIi GKvš— †gŠwjK `„wófw½, hvi Av‡jv‡K wZwb QvÎ‡ì gvbmc‡U cwieZ©‡bi
†Rvqvi G‡b w`‡qwQ‡jb|
Aa¨vcbvi GB †gŠwjK welqe¯‘ QvÎ‡ì gb‡b my`~icÖmvix cÖfve †d‡jwQj| Zuvi wk¶vi cÖfv‡eB M‡o IVv Bqs
†e½j †MvôxB wQj Dwbk kZ‡Ki me‡P‡q eo †bZ…Z¡`vbKvix †Mvôx|
wn›`y K‡j‡Ri †Q‡j‡ì kv‡¯¿i cÖwZ Abxnv, wbwl× `ªe¨ MÖnY Kiv‡K Zuviv g‡b Ki‡Zb wbqg fvOvi nvwZqvi
wn‡m‡e| wKš‘ mgvRcwZiv G‡K fv‡jvfv‡e †bbwb| Zuviv bvbv iK‡gi Kzrmv iUv‡Z jvM‡jb wW‡ivwRI‡K wb‡q|
Ck¦iP›`Ö ¸ß Bqs †e½j‡ì wb‡q we`ªƒc K‡i wj‡L‡Qb Qov:
†mvbvi evOvj K‡i KvOvj
Bqs evOvj h‡Zv Rbv|
Giv bv wnu`y bv †gvQjgvb
ag©va‡g©i avi av‡i bv|
bq gM wdwiw½ welg waw½
wfZi evwni hvq bv Rvbv|
GKmgq ZuviB wKQy mnKg©x Zuvi wei“‡× D‡Vc‡o jvM‡jb Ges †fvUvfzwU K‡i Avb‡jb Zuvi cÖwZ Abv¯’v|
ewn®‹…Z nIqvi ci wW‡ivwRI A_©K‡ó c‡ob| 1831 mv‡ji 23 wW‡m¤î wZwb K‡jivq gviv hvb| wMR©v I
wLªóag© m¤ú‡K© Zuvi Awfg‡Zi Kvi‡Y cvK© w÷ª‡Ui †Mvi¯’v‡b Zuv‡K mgvwnZ Ki‡Z evav †Ìqv nq| d‡j Zuv‡K
mgvwnZ Kiv nq †Mvi¯’v‡bi wVK evB‡i| BwZnv‡mi wePvi eo wbôzi! wn›`y K‡jR †_‡K †ewi‡q hvIqvi ci
ZLbKvi i¶Ykxj eyw×Rxex mgvR Zuvi Lei †bbwb| Z‡e Zuvi g„Zzï cÖvq †ò k eQi ci Zuv‡K ÔMv‡bi cvwLÕ
AvL¨vwqZ K‡i Zuvi †mB Zi“Y eq‡mi eyw×`xß †Pnvivi †h fv¯‹h© evbv‡bv n‡q‡Q, Zv KjKvZvi me‡P‡q
¸i“Z¡c~Y© fv¯‹h©¸‡jvi Ab¨Zg|
wW‡ivwRI †_‡K LvwbKUv `~‡i KjvMv‡Qi †Sv‡ci g‡a¨ mv`v DuPz GK †ewì Ici cvRvgv Avi j¤^v Avw¯—b c‡i
k¥kÖ“gwÊZ GK ivR‰bwZK †bZv ùvwo‡q Av‡Qb| Zuvi euv nvZ †Kvg‡i| Wvb nvZwU mvg‡b evov‡bv| wZwb Avi
†KD bb, ivR‰bwZK †bZv m¨vi my‡i›`Öbv_ e¨vbvwR©|
we`¨vmvM‡ii KjKvZv
we`¨vmvMi‡K ewm‡q ivLv n‡q‡Q GK a¨vbgMœ †hvMxi g‡Zv| mvg‡b GKUv †MvjvKvi K…wÎg n«`| n«`wUi
cwiwaeivei cv‡q nuvUv †QvU c_| Zvi Aci cv‡o GKUv DuPz †ewì Ici e‡m Av‡Qb Ck¦iP›`Ö we`¨vmvMi|
GKLÊ Kv‡jv cv_‡i aywZ Avi Pvì c‡i Rvby †c‡Z a¨vbgMœ Ae¯’vq e‡m Av‡Qb cwÊZ Ck¦iP›`Ö we`¨vmvMi| Zuvi
Wvb nv‡Z GKUv eB|
55
we`¨vmvMi‡K ev` w`‡q wK evsjvi ms¯‹vi Av‡›`vj‡bi BwZnvm m¤ú~Y© n‡Z cv‡i ? Dwbk kZ‡Ki evOvwj
cybR©vMiY, mgvRms¯‹vi, evsjv M`ïxwZi cÖeZ©bÑKZ wKQyi m‡½B bv GB cwÊ‡Zi bvgwU RwoZ|
we`¨vmvM‡ii g~wZ©i mvg‡b G‡m g‡b n‡jv, AvR‡Ki hy‡Mi KjKvZvi me AvaywbKvi DwPZ, cÖwZw`b G‡m Zvi
†ewì wb‡P GKwU K‡i jvj †Mvjvc †i‡L hvIqv| KviY, GB gnËg gvbylwUi Rš§ n‡Z †`wi n‡j †g‡q‡ì
wkw¶Zv I AvaywbK n‡ZI A‡bK †`wi n‡Zv| Avi AvR Avgiv †h GB evsjvq wjLwQ, IUv Avgv‡ì cÖ_g
wkwL‡qwQ‡jb we`¨vmvMiB| Avgvi ZLb Rvbv wQj bv, GLb †R‡bwQ, `y-AvovB eQi eq‡m evsjv eY©gvjv †kLvi
cÖ_g †h eBUv Avgv‡K cov‡bv n‡qwQj, IUv †Zv GB f`ª‡jv‡KiB †jLv! KjKvZvq 1997 mv‡j ïay GKUv bZzb
Szjš— weªR †`L‡Z wM‡q Zvi Qwe †Zvjvi Aciv‡a cywjk‡K 500 UvKv Rwigvbv w`‡q G‡mwQjvg| †mB Szjš—
weªRwU AvR M½vi ey‡K wn‡ii AjsKv‡ii g‡Zv †kvfv cv‡”Q| GB weªRwUi bvg GB we`¨vmvM‡ii bv‡g| wKš‘
AvR‡Ki KjKvZvi gvbyl Zuv‡K KZUv Rv‡b?
Ck¦iP›`Ö we`¨vmvMi 1820 wLªóv‡ãi 26 †m‡Þ¤î eZ©gvb cwðg †gw`bxcyi †Rjvi exiwmsn MÖv‡g Rš§MÖnY
K‡ib| exiwmsn †m mgq ûMjx †Rjvi Aš—f©z³ wQj| Ck¦iP‡›`Öi wcZvgn ivgRq ZK©f‚lY wQ‡jb mycwÊZ I
ewjô `„p‡PZv gvbyl| BwbB Ck¦iP‡›`Öi bvgKiY K‡iwQ‡jb|
Ck¦iP‡›`Öi wcZv VvKzi`vm e‡›`¨vcva¨vq KjKvZvq mvgvb¨ †eZ‡bi PvKwi Ki‡Zb| cwievi wb‡q kn‡i evm
Kiv Zuvi mv‡aï AZxZ wQj| †mB Kvi‡Y evjK Ck¦iP›`Ö MÖv‡gB gv fMeZx †èx I VvKzigvi m‡½ evm Ki‡Zb|
Gi c‡ii Kvwnwb bvU‡Ki g‡Zv| wZwb ms¯‹…Z K‡j‡R 12 eQi Aa¨qb K‡ib| GB K‡jR †_‡KB 1841
mv‡ji wW‡m¤î gv‡m †èbvMix ni‡d †jLv ms¯‹…Z cÖksmvc‡Î wZwb Ôwe`¨vmvMiÕ bv‡g AwfwnZ nb| IB GKB
eQiÑZLb Zuvi eqm 21 eQiÑ†dvU© DBwjqvg K‡j‡Ri evsjv wefv‡Mi cÖavb cwÊ‡Zi c‡` AwawôZ nb
we`¨vmvMi| †eZb wQj gv‡m 50 UvKv|
Ck¦iP›`Ö eq‡m iex›`Öbv‡_i wcZ…¯’vbxq| evsjvi beRvMi‡Y wZwb iex›`Öbv‡_i wcZvgn ØviKvbv_ I wcZv
†`‡e›`Öbv‡_i m‡½ KvR K‡i‡Qb| gvB‡K‡ji cÖwZ Zuvi gy»Zv wQj| GKevi 15 nvRvi UvKv cvwV‡q Zuv‡K wZwb
mvnvhÏ K‡iwQ‡jb| XvKvq ÔAviY¨KÕ bvU¨‡Mvôx Ges we`¨vmvMi bv‡g GKUv bvUK g‡Â G‡b‡Q| bvUKwU gaym~`b
Avi we`¨vmvMi‡K wb‡qB|
Ck¦iP›`Ö we`¨vmvMi‡K g‡b Kiv nq evsjvi cÖ_g mv_©K M`¨Kvi| ZË¡MZfv‡e hwÌ wZwb evsjv M‡`ï RbK
bb| KviY, evsjv mvwn‡Zï AvwObvq Zuvi AvMg‡bi eû c~‡e©B M`ïPbvi m~ÎcvZ N‡UwQj| wKš‘ †mB M`¨ wQj
wkí¸YweewR©Z, bxim Ges A‡bK †¶‡ÎB AmsjMœ ev‡Kï mgwó| we`¨vmvMi cÖ_g evsjv mvayM‡`ï GKwU gvb¨
w`Kwb‡`©k K‡ib| cÖ‡qvRb‡ev‡a †mB M‡`¨ PwjZfvlvi MwZkxjZvI hy³ K‡ib| Kíbv I ¯^Kxq cvwÊ‡Zï
mswgkÖ‡Y †h M`¨fvlvi Rš§ wZwb †`b, Zv wQj mim, mygayi, mykÖve¨, Q›`gq I MwZkxj| GB A‡_© wZwb evsjv
M‡`ï beRš§`vZv|
wKš‘ †m mgq KjKvZvi D”PweË I wkw¶Z ga¨weË mgv‡Ri gnvivwb ¯^Y©gqx †èx, cÖmbœKzgvi me©vwaKvix,
gvB‡Kj gaym~`b, ivgK…ò cignsm, iex›`Öbv_ VvKzi ev‡` we`¨vmvMi gnvk‡qi Pwi‡Îi wekvjZv Abyaveb Ki‡Z
cv‡ibwb †KDB| ew¼gP‡›`Öi g‡Zv e¨w³Z¡I Zuvi mvwnZ¨cÖwZfvi h_vh_ g~j¨vq‡b e¨_© nb| iex›`Öbv_ Aek¨ Zuvi
weL¨vZ PvwiÎc~Rv MÖ‡š’ we`¨vmvMi Pwi‡Îi gnË¡ evOvwj mgv‡Ri mvg‡b Zz‡j a‡ib| Ôwe`¨vmvMi evsjv fvlvi cÖ_g
h_v_© wkíx wQ‡jbÕÑGB gZ iex›`Öbv‡_i| 1800 mv‡ji Av‡M evsjv M`¨ ej‡Z †Zgb wKQy wQj bv ej‡jB P‡j|
†dvU© DBwjqvg K‡jR 1800 mv‡j evsjv M‡`ï cÖPjb K‡i| Zvi Av‡M wPwVc‡Î, `wj‡j wKQy wKQy evsjv M‡`ï
bgybv cvIqv †M‡jI †m¸‡jv Lye gReyZ †Mv‡Qi wKQy wQj bv|
ïay Avgiv bB, ¯^qs iex›`Öbv_ Zuvi cÖ_g KweZvi Aby‡cÖiYv †c‡qwQ‡jb we`¨vmvM‡ii Q›` †_‡K| ÔRj c‡o,
cvZv b‡oÕ (Aek¨ g~j †jLvwU wQj Rj cwo‡Z‡Q, cvZv bwo‡Z‡Q) †Zv Ck¦iP‡›`ÖiB †jLv wQj| iex›`Öbv_ wb‡RB
ej‡Qb, Ôwe`¨vmvMi †`wL‡qwQ‡jb, e³e¨ mij K‡i I myk„•Lj K‡i ej‡Z nq| Gi Av‡M evOjvq AKviY
mgvme× eo eo kã wQj| we`¨vmvMi †m¸‡jv Avjv`v Avjv`v k‡ã fvM K‡i eënvi K‡ib| GKUv c‡ì c‡i
Av‡iKUv c` Kx wbq‡g eënvi n‡e, ZvI wZwb †`wL‡q †`b|Õ
†eZvj-cÂweskwZ, kKzš—jv, mxZvi ebevmÑGB me Abyev` eB wZwb iPbv K‡i‡Qb| †kK&mwcqv‡ii K‡gwW
Ae Giim-Gi Abyev` K‡i bvg w`‡jb åvwš—wejvm| †QvU‡ì Rb¨ wj‡L‡Qb eY©cwiPq| GB eB GL‡bv cvIqv
hvq| evsjv eY©gvjv †kLvi Rb¨ GL‡bv †Q‡j‡g‡qiv GB eB w`‡q Zv‡ì wk¶vRxeb ïi“ K‡i| †ev‡av`q Avi
K_vgvjvI †QvU‡ì Rb¨ †jLv †QvU †QvU Dc‡`kg~jK M‡íi eB| G eB‡qi Mí¸‡jv Ck‡ci M‡íi Ici wfwË
K‡i wZwb wj‡L‡Qb|
56
we`¨vmvMi mviv Rxe‡b 50wUi †ewk eB iPbv K‡i‡Qb| Gm‡ei g‡a¨ †gŠwjK MÖš’ Av‡Q, Abyev` Av‡Q,
cvVëB, e¨vKiY eB Av‡Q, m¤úvw`Z eBI Av‡Q| Av‡M evsjv fvlvq ùvwo Avi `yB ùvwo Qvov Avi †Kv‡bv hwZwPý
eënvi Kiv n‡Zv bv| Zuvi Av‡M GK-AvaRb †mB †Póv Ki‡jI we`¨vmvMi Bs‡iwR fvlvi Av`‡j hwZwPý
eënv‡ii wbqg¸‡jv RbwcÖq K‡i †Zv‡jb| Gme Kvi‡YB Zuv‡K A‡b‡KB evsjv M‡`ï RbK e‡j AwfwnZ K‡i
_v‡Kb|
we`¨vmvMi iex›`Öbv_ m¤^‡Ü †Zgb wKQy wj‡L‡Qb e‡j cvBwb| Z‡e iex›`Öbv‡_i evc-`v`vi m‡½ †h‡nZz Zuvi
IVv-emv wQj, †m‡nZz iex›`Öbv_‡K Zuvi bv †Pbvi K_v bq| 1891 mv‡j we`¨vmvM‡ii hLb g„Zz¨ nq, iex›`Öbv_
ZLb evsjv‡`‡k bZzb Rwg`vwi †`Lv wb‡q e¨¯—| Z‡e Zuv‡K wb‡q ÔCk¦iP›`Ö we`¨vmvMiÕ bv‡g GKUv m‡bU
wj‡LwQ‡jb iex›`Öbv_| Zuvi cÖ_g AóK wQj GiKgÑ
e½mvwn‡Zï ivwÎ ¯—ä wQj Z›`Övi Av‡e‡k
AL¨vZ RoZ¡fv‡i Awff‚Z| Kx cyY¨ wbwg‡l
Ze ïf Afz¨`‡q weKxwij cÖ`xß cÖwZfv,
cÖ_g Avkvi iwk¥ wb‡q Gj cÖZz¨‡li wefv,
e½fviZxi fv‡j civ‡jv cÖ_g RqwUKv|
i“×fvlv Auvav‡ii Lywj‡j wbweo hewbKv,
†n we`¨vmvMi, c~e© w`M‡š—i e‡b-Dce‡b
be D‡ØvabMv_v D”Q¡wmj wew¯§Z MM‡b|
Z‡e AvR‡Ki KjKvZvi we`¨vmvMi‡K h_vh_fv‡e ¯§iY Kivi e¨vcv‡i Kvc©Y¨ †bB| ivwb ivmgwYi D`¨vb
QvovI A‡bK RvqMvq Zuvi fv¯‹h© Av‡Q| KjKvZvi wKQy moKØx‡c ¯§iYxq wKQy gvby‡li †cv‡Uª©U ¯’vcb Kiv
n‡q‡Q| cvkvcvwk Zuv‡ì Ae¯’vb| †mB me Qwei wb‡P †jLv: ÔKolkata, city of Vidyasagor’| G Qvov Zuvi
bv‡g Zuvi †Rjv cwðg †gw`bxcy‡i GKwU c~Y©v½ wek¦we`¨vjq ¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| Pvjy n‡q‡Q we`¨vmvMi †gjv|
KjKvZvq AvaywbK ¯’vc‡Zï Ab¨Zg †kÖô wb`k©b Ôwe`¨vmvMi †mZz, Zuvi bv‡gB DrmwM©Z| GB we`¨vmvMi †mZz
GKmgq wØZxq ûMjx †mZz bv‡g cwiwPZ wQj| nvIov weªR †_‡K 12 wK‡jvwgUvi `w¶‡Y cÖvq AvovB nvRvi dzU
`xN© GB †mZzwU fvi‡Zi `xN©Zg Szjš— †mZz| GwU wbg©vY Ki‡Z †gvU 388 †KvwU i“wc LiP n‡q‡Q| 1978
mv‡j ïi“ Kiv n‡qwQj GB weª‡Ri KvR| gvSLv‡b K‡qK eQi eÜ wQj| Ae‡k‡l 1992 mv‡ji 10 A‡±vei
†mZzwUi D‡Øvab Kiv nq Ck¦iP›`Ö we`¨vmvMi gnvk‡qi cÖqvYkZZg e‡l©|
ivmgwY: KjKvZvi ivwb

ivwb wf‡±vwiqv Qvov KjKvZvq Avi †Kv‡bv ivwbi fv¯‹h© †`wLwb| cyi“lkvwmZ mgv‡R ivRv‡ìB †`ŠivÍ¨ wQj
meLv‡b| KjKvZv Gi evB‡ii †KD bq| wKš‘ gRvi e¨vcvi n‡”Q, †Kv‡bv ivRvi ¯¿x ev Kb¨v bv n‡qI ivmgwY
†èxi bvg KjKvZvq D”PvwiZ nq ïay ivwb bq, ivwbgvZv wn‡m‡eI| wZwb †Kv‡bv ¶gZvai †KD wQ‡jb bv| wQ‡jb
bv †Kv‡bv cÖkvm‡bi KÎ©xI| Zey †ò kZvwaK eQi a‡i wZwb KjKvZvi gvby‡li g‡b ivRgvZvi Avm‡b Avmxb|
ag©Zjvi Kv‡QB 1990 mv‡j †h fv¯‹wh©K D`¨vbwU †`wL, Zvi bvg GB ivwbi bv‡g| Avi †mvbvwj cv‡Zi avZz w`‡q
me‡P‡q †mŠ›`h©gwÊZ †h g~wZ©, Zv-I GB ivwbi bv‡gB|
G ivwb ivmgwYi k¦ïi g‡nv`q cÖxwZivg `vm Rwg`vi wQ‡jb| 1805 mv‡j RvbevRv‡i †h Rwg`vi evwo
evwb‡qwQ‡jb, GLb KjKvZvi U¨vw·Iqvjviv G evwowU †`wL‡q ivwbgvZvi bvg R‡c _v‡K| ivmgwY Rwg`vi
cÖxwZivgP›`Ö `v‡mi cyÎ ivRP‡›`Öi Z…Zxq ¯¿x wn‡m‡e Zuvi msmv‡i Av‡mb|| ZLb Zuvi eqm 11 eQi| wbæe‡Y©i
Mwi‡ei N‡ii GB igYx my›ìx, †ZRw¯^bx I ag©civqYv wQ‡jb| G msmv‡i wZwb PviwU Kb¨vi Rš§ †`b| Zuvi
Z…Zxq Kb¨vi g„Zzï ci RvgvB g_yivbv_ wek¦v‡mi m‡½ PZz_© Kb¨vi we‡q †`b Ges Zuv‡K G‡÷‡Ui g¨v‡bRvi wbhy³
K‡ib|
ivRP›`Ö gviv †M‡j A‡Xj m¤úwË G‡m c‡o ivmgwYi nv‡Z| wZwb wb‡Ri †fv‡Mi Rb¨ wKQyB bv †i‡L gvby‡li
Kj¨v‡Y †mB A_© e¨q Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡ib| ¯^vgxi bvg ivRP›`Ö| ZvB KjKvZvi †jvKRb Zuv‡K ivwb e‡j WvK‡Z
ïi“ K‡i| ivwb ivmgwY GKevi Kvkx‡Z Zx_©åg‡Y wM‡q ¯^cœ †`L‡jb †h, ¯^qs gv Kvjx Zuv‡K ej‡Qb, ÔM½vZx‡i
gw›ì cÖwZôv Ki| Avwg †Zvi nv‡Zi c~Rv MÖnY Kie|Õ
ciw`bB ivwb ivmgwY eRiv _vwg‡q mg¯— wRwbmcÎ ¯’vbxq `wi`ª‡ì g‡a¨ wewj‡q w`‡q KjKvZvi
RvbevRv‡ii evwo‡Z wd‡i G‡jb| g¨v‡bRvi (†g‡qRvgvB) g_yievey‡K †W‡K ivmgwY ej‡jb M½vi Zx‡i Rwg
57
†`L‡Z| wKš‘ ev` mva‡jb eªvþ‡Yiv| ej‡jb wbæe‡M©i †KD gw›ì evbv‡j †èZv Zvi c~Rv †b‡eb bv| wZwb hw`
†Kv‡bv eªvþY‡K cy‡iv Rwg `vb K‡ib, †m `v‡bi Rwg‡Z gw›ì n‡Z cv‡i| M½vi c~e©Zx‡i `w¶‡Yk¦i MÖv‡g mv‡o
54 weNv Rwgi Ici ˆZwi n‡jv weivU øv‡bi NvU; wbwg©Z n‡jv wkegw›ì, weòzgw›ì, beiZœ P‚ovhy³ Kvjxgw›ì I
bvUgw›ì|
G gw›`‡ii †`Lv †c‡qwQjvg Avgvi m¯¿xK cÖ_g KjKvZv åg‡Yi mgq 1997 mv‡j| cwðge½ miKv‡ii ch©Ub
gš¿‡Ki Uzï MvBW Avgv‡ì Nywi‡q me †`wL‡qwQ‡jb| †mw`b QywUi w`b wQj e‡j †jvKR‡bi wfoI wQj A‡bK
†ewk| Zvi ciI `xN© jvBb a‡i AN©¨ nv‡Z c~Rvwi‡ì gnvmw¤§jbx †`‡L cyjwKZ n‡qwQjvg| iex›`Öbv‡_i R‡š§i
Qq eQi Av‡M evbv‡bv n‡qwQj G gw›ì| Avi iex›`Öbv‡_i R‡š§i eQiB g„ZzëiY K‡ib GB gnxqmx bvix|
ïay gw›ì wbg©vYB bq, †ò k eQi Av‡M KjKvZv kn‡i wb‡Ri D‡`¨v‡M cvbxq R‡ji eë¯’v, M½vi av‡i
eveyNvU, wbgZjv NvU Ges Avwnix‡Uvjv NvU wbg©v‡Yi g‡Zv Gme RbwnZKi Kv‡R Zuvi ¯^vgx-k¦ï‡ii Rwg`vwii A_©
GBfv‡e AKvZ‡i `vb K‡i †`b| Zvi †P‡q eo Rwg`vwi wb‡q evey beK…òiv emevm Ki‡Zb GB KjKvZvq| KB,
Zuv‡ì †Kv‡bv bvg †Zv GLb gvby‡li gy‡L ïwb bv? Zuvi Rxebx wb‡q 1955 mv‡j ivYx ivmgwY bv‡g GKwU Pjw”PÎ
cwiPvjbv K‡iwQ‡jb KvjxcÖmv` †Nvl| G‡Z Awfbq K‡iwQ‡jb Qwe wek¦vm, AbycKzgvi, AwmZeiY, fvby
e‡›`¨vcva¨vq, cvnvox mvb¨vj, Drcjv `Ë cÖgyL|
†jvKgvZv ivwb ivmgwY D`¨v‡b Zuvi †h fv¯‹h©wU ivLv Av‡Q, Zuvi wb‡P Rš§ I g„Zz¨ Zvwi‡Li RvqMvq †jLv
ÔAvwef©veÕ I ÔwZ‡ivavbÕ| Zuviv g‡b K‡ib, ¯^qs †Kv‡bv †èx ¯^M© †_‡K ivmgwYi †e‡k G‡m KjKvZvi gvbyl‡K
Avkxe©v` K‡i †M‡Qb| ivwb ivmgwYi `w¶‡Yk¦i gw›`‡ii m‡½ AviI `y‡Uv bvg hy³ n‡q‡QÑGKwU ivgK…ò
cignsm, AciwU ¯^vgx we‡eKvb‡›ì|
ivgK…ò
M`vai P‡Ævcva¨vq cwðge‡½i GK `wi`ª êòe eªvþY cwiev‡i Rš§MÖnY K‡ib 1836 mv‡j| hLb wZwb wK‡kvi
eqmx, ZLb Zuvi cwiev‡i Avw_©K msKU †`Lv †`q| 1852 mv‡j `v`v‡K †cŠ‡ivwn‡Z¨ mnvqZv Kivi Rb¨ wZwb
KjKvZvq Av‡mb| 1856 mv‡j `v`vi g„Zz¨ n‡j M`vai Zuvi ¯’jvwfwl³ nb| gw›`‡ii DËi-cwðg AvwObvq Zuv‡K
GKwU †QvU Ni †Ìqv nq| GB N‡iB wZwb AwZevwnZ K‡ib Zuvi Aewkó Rxeb| ivwb ivmgwYi RvgvZv
g_yiv‡gvnb wek¦vmB M`vai‡K ivgK…ò bvgwU w`‡qwQ‡jb|
`w¶‡Yk¦i Kvjxevwo‡Z †cŠ‡ivwnZ¨ MÖn‡Yi ci e½xq Z_v fviZxq kw³ev‡ì cÖfv‡e wZwb Kvjxi Avivabv
ïi“ K‡ib| Zuvi cÖ_g ¸i“ Zš¿ I êòexq fw³ZË¡Áv GK mvwaKv| cieZ©xKv‡j A‰ØZ †e`vš— g‡Z mvabv
K‡i wbwe©Kí mgvwa jvf K‡ib ivgK…ò| Ab¨vb¨ ag©xq g‡Z, we‡klZ Bmjvg I wLªóxq g‡Z mvabv Zuv‡K ÔhZ gZ,
ZZ c_Õ-Gi Dcjwäi RM‡Z wb‡q hvq|
iex›`Öbv_ VvKz‡ii wcZv gnwl© †`‡e›`Öbv_ VvKzi, Ck¦iP›`Ö we`¨vmvMi I ¯^vgx `qvb‡›ì m‡½I ag© wel‡q
kÖxivgK…‡òi gZwewbgq n‡qwQj| Z‡e eªvþmgv‡Ri A‡b‡K Zuvi gZ I ag©wek¦v‡mi we‡ivwaZvI K‡iwQ‡jb|
1879 †_‡K 1885 mv‡ji gaëZ©x mg‡q wb‡Ri cÖavb wkl¨‡ì m‡½ ivgK…ò cigns‡mi mv¶vr nq| Gu‡ì
A‡b‡KB wQ‡jb D”Pwkw¶Z| Zuvi cÖavb wkl¨‡ì g‡a¨ D‡jL‡hvM¨ n‡jb g‡n›`Öbv_ ¸ß, wMwikP›`Ö †Nvl,
A¶qKzgvi †mb, ¯^vgx we‡eKvb›`, ¯^vgx eªþvb›`, ¯^vgx A‡f`vb›`, ¯^vgx wkevb›`, ¯^vgx ivgK…òvb›`, ¯^vgx
mvi`vb›` cÖgyL|
kÖxivgK…ò Bmjvg, wLªóag©mn wewfbœ ag©gZ Af¨vm K‡iwQ‡jb Ges †kl ch©š — GB Dcjwä‡Z †cuŠ‡QwQ‡jb †h,
mKj gZB GKB Ck¦‡ii c‡_ gvbyl‡K PvwjZ K‡i| wZwb †NvlYv K‡ib, ÔhÎ Rxe ZÎ wkeÕ, A_©vr †hLv‡bB
Rxeb, †mLv‡bB wk‡ei Awaôvb| ÔRx‡e `qv bq, wkeÁv‡b Rxe‡mevÕÑZuvi GB Dc‡`k ¯^vgx we‡eKvb‡›ì K‡g©i
cv‡_q n‡qwQj|
Ebwesk I wesk kZvãxi fviZxq I e½xq beRvMi‡Y ivgK…ò cignsm‡K GKRb ¸i“Z¡c~Y© e¨w³Z¡ g‡b Kiv
nq| g¨v· gyjvi, gnvÍv MvÜx, RInijvj †bni“, kÖxAiwe›` I wjI Uj÷q gvbemgv‡R ivgK…ò cigns‡mi
Ae`v‡bi K_v ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi m¤ú‡K© iex›`Öbv_ VvKzi wj‡LwQ‡jb:
eû mva‡Ki eû mvabvi aviv,
†aqv‡b †Zvgvi wgwjZ n‡q‡Q Zviv;
†Zvgvi Rxe‡b Amx‡gi jxjvc‡_
b~Zb Zx_© iƒc wbj G RM‡Z;
58
†`k we‡`‡ki cÖYvg Avwbj Uvwb

†m_vq Avgvi cÖYwZ w`jvg Avwb\
ivgK…ò wgkb Av‡qvwRZ ivgK…ò cigns‡mi Rš§kZZg el© Abyôv‡b iex›`Öbv_ VvKzi wQ‡jb cÖavb AwZw_|
GB Abyôv‡b wZwb ivgK…ò cigns‡mi Ae`vb m¤ú‡K© wb‡Ri D”P aviYvi K_v D‡jL K‡iwQ‡jb| 1937 mv‡j
ivgK…ò wgkb KjKvZvq wek¦ag© gnvm‡¤§j‡bi Av‡qvRb K‡iwQj| GB mgq ivgK…ò cigns‡mi Rš§kZZg el©
DrmeI PjwQj| GB Dcj‡¶ iex›`Öbv_ wj‡LwQ‡jb, Zuvi e¨w³‡Z¡i wekvjZv †evSv hvq AvcvZ-we‡ivax
mvabc×wZ¸‡jvi Abykxj‡bi ga¨ w`‡q| Avi Zuvi g‡bi mijZv cy‡ivwnZ I hvRK‡kÖwYi Avo¤î I cvwÊZ¨‡K
wPiKv‡ji Rb¨ ¤vb K‡i w`‡q‡Q| ivgK…ò Avi ¯^vgx we‡eKvb‡›ì m¤úK©Uv wQj A‡bKUv m‡µwUm Avi †c‡Uvi
g‡Zv| we‡eKvb›` Zuvi evwK Rxe‡b Zuvi ¸i“ ivgK…‡òi evYxB ïwb‡qwQ‡jb|
¯^vgx we‡eKvb›`
¯^vgx we‡eKvb›` iex›`Öbv‡_i cÖvq mgmvgwqK| iex›`ÖR‡š§i `yB eQi ci 1863 mv‡j KjKvZvi wmgjv AÂ‡ji 3
b¤î †MŠi‡gvnb gyLvwR© w÷ª‡Ui evwo‡Z Rš§| Avmj bvg b‡i›`Öbv_ `Ë| †Q‡j‡ejv †_‡KB Ava¨vwÍK bvbv wel‡q
Zuvi g‡b we‡kl AvMÖ‡ni mÂvi n‡qwQj| ¸i“ ivgK…ò cigns‡mi Kv‡Q wZwb †k‡Lb, mKj RxeB Ck¦‡ii Ask|
ZvB gvby‡li †mevi gva¨‡gB Ck¦‡ii †mev Kiv hvq| ivgK…ò cigns‡mi g„Zzï ci we‡eKvb›` fviZxq
Dcgnv‡`k Ny‡i †eovb Ges weªwUk fvi‡Zi Av_©mvgvwRK I ivR‰bwZK Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© aviYv †bb| c‡i wZwb
gvwK©b hy³iv‡óª hvb| 1893 mv‡j †mLv‡b AbywôZ wek¦ag© gnvmfvq fvi‡Zi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡ib| gvwK©b hy³ivóª,
Bsj¨vÛ I BD‡iv‡ci Ab¨vb¨ kn‡iI wZwb kZvwaK mvaviY I e¨w³MZ fvlY I K¬v‡mi gva¨‡g wn›`y `k©‡bi g~j
aviYv¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© cvðvZëvmx‡K mRvM K‡i †Zv‡jb| we‡eKvb›`‡K GKRb we‡`ªvnx mbœ¨vmx e‡j g‡b Kiv nq|
Zuvi Rš§w`b fvi‡Z RvZxq hye wèm wn‡m‡e cvwjZ n‡q _v‡K|
1897 mv‡ji 1 †g KjKvZvq we‡eKvb›` cÖwZôv K‡ib ag© cÖPv‡ii Rb¨ msMVbÑivgK…ò gV Ges mvgvwRK
Kv‡Ri Rb¨ msMVbÑivgK…ò wgkb| GwU wQj wk¶vg~jK, mvs¯‹…wZK, wPwKrmvmsµvš— Ges `vZe¨ Kv‡Ri ga¨
w`‡q RbMY‡K mvnvh¨ Kivi GK mvgvwRK-ag©xq Av‡›`vj‡bi Drm¯îƒc wKQy|
†h mg‡q we‡eKvb›` ag©mvabv I cÖPviYvq fviZ I wek¦gq Ny‡i †eov‡”Qb, †m mgq iex›`Öbv_ evsjv‡`‡ki
wkjvB`‡n| Avevi 1901 mv‡j iex›`Öbv_ cwðge‡½ †diZ G‡m KjKvZv †Q‡o †evjcy‡ii kvwš— wb‡KZb
wekÖvgvMv‡ii Kv‡Q †_‡K hLb eªþ ¯‹zj ˆZwii D‡`¨vM wb‡”Qb, we‡eKvb›` ZLb Amy¯’| 1902 mv‡ji 4 RyjvB
†ejyo g‡VB a¨vbiZ Ae¯’vq gviv hvb ¯^vgx we‡eKvb›`| hwÌ ag©xI fvebvq we‡eKvb›` I iex›`Öbv_ GKg‡Zi
wQ‡jb bv, Zey we‡eKvb‡›ì g„Zzï eû eQi ci iex›`Öbv_ VvKzi †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi weRqx divwm mvwnwZ¨K iguv
ijuv‡K wj‡LwQ‡jb, ÔfviZ‡K Rvb‡Z PvB‡j we‡eKvb‡›ì †jLv c‡ov| Zuvi g‡a¨ me wKQyB BwZevPK| †bwZevPK
wKQyB †bB|Õ
g„Zzï kZ eQi ciI we‡eKvb›` †eu‡P Av‡Qb KjKvZvi gvby‡li nƒ`‡q| Zuvi bvg‡K fzj‡Z w`‡”Q bv †KD|
2011 mv‡j cwðge½ cywjk †Uªwbs K‡j‡Ri bvg cwieZ©b K‡i ivLv nq Ô¯^vgx we‡eKvb›` ivR¨ cywjk AvKv‡`wgÕ|
QËxmM‡oi ivR¨ cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi bvg cv‡ë ivLv n‡q‡Q ÔQËxmMo ¯^vgx we‡eKvb›` cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vjqÕ|
2012 mv‡j ivqcy‡ii wegvbe›ìwUi bvgI cv‡ë ivLv n‡q‡Q Ô¯^vgx we‡eKvb›` wegvbe›ìÕ|
¯^vgx we‡eKvb‡›ì Rš§mva©kZZg el© fviZ I fvi‡Zi evB‡i gnvmgv‡iv‡n cvwjZ n‡q‡Q| fvi‡Zi µxov I
hyeKj¨vY gš¿K 2013 mvjwU‡K we‡klfv‡e D`&hvcb K‡i‡Q| ivgK…ò gV I ivgK…ò wgkb, fvi‡Zi †K›`Öxq I
ivR¨ miKvi¸‡jv, wewfbœ wk¶vcÖwZôvb I hye‡Mvôxi c¶ †_‡K GB Dcj‡¶ el©e¨vcx Abyôv‡bi Av‡qvRb Kiv
n‡qwQj| evOvwj Pjw”PÎ cwiPvjK Drcj wmsn we‡eKvb‡›ì 150Zg Rš§Rqš—x Dcj‡¶ `¨ jvBU: ¯^vgx
we‡eKvb›` bv‡g GKwU Pjw”PÎ wbg©vY K‡ib| GB Pjw”P‡Î cÖvq mgeqmx iex›`Öbv_ I we‡eKvb›` A‡bK
RvqMv‡ZB cvkvcvwk Ae¯’v‡b Av‡Qb|
KjKvZv e›ìbMixi eyK wP‡i ûMjx b`xi Ici †h PviwU weªR evbv‡bv n‡q‡Q, †m¸‡jvi bvgKiY Kiv n‡q‡Q
PviRb gbxlxi bv‡g| fviZ miKvi‡K abëv` †h, Zv‡ì ivR‰bwZK †bZ…e„‡›ì bv‡g †mZzi bvg¸‡jv nqwb|
KjKvZv‡ZI bvg e`‡j‡Q| weªwUkiv hLb GLv‡b kvmb K‡iwQj, ZLb Zv‡ì A‡bK nZ©vKZ©vi bv‡g ¯’vcbv,
kniZwj, moK Ges †mZzi bvgI n‡qwQj| Zv‡ì P‡j hvIqvi Aš—Z 50 eQi ci †_‡K ïi“ n‡q‡Q †mme bvg
cwieZ©b Kivi cvjv| Z‡e GB bZzb bvgKi‡Y ivR¨ miKv‡ii cÖavb ev Zvi gš¿x I cwievie‡M©i KviI bvg
Av‡mwb| ey×‡è, †R¨vwZ emy, cÖYe evey ev ggZv e¨vbvwR©i bv‡g †m¸‡jvi bvgKiY bv K‡i Zuviv †mB me gvby‡li
59
bv‡g KjKvZvi D‡jL‡hvM¨ ¯’vcbvi bvg ivL‡Qb, huv‡ì Kv‡Q GB KjKvZv cÖK…Z A‡_©B FYx| Avi †m Kvi‡YB
†`wL nvIov weª‡R nq iex›`Ö †mZz, DBwjsWb weªR ev evwj weªR GLb we‡eKvb›` †mZz| ivgK…‡òi wkl¨ wQ‡jb
we‡eKvb›`, we‡eKvb‡›ì Av‡iK fvewkl¨ wQ‡jb fwMbx wb‡ew`Zv| Zuvi bvg ¯§iY ivLvi RbÏ n‡q‡Q Av‡iKUv
weªR|
we‡eKvb›` †mZzwU nvIovi evwj I DËi PweŸk ciMbvi `w¶‡Yk¦i‡K hy³ K‡i 1932 mv‡ji wW‡m¤î gv‡m GB
2 nvRvi 887 dzU `xN© †mZzwU Pvjy nq| fvi‡Zi ZrKvjxb fvBmiq wd«g¨vb-Ugvm, dv÷© gvK©zBm Ae DBwjsW‡bi
bv‡g GB †mZzi bvgKiY nq DBwjsWb †mZz| wZwbB GB †mZzi D‡Øvab K‡iwQ‡jb| Gi Ici w`‡q †ijjvBbI
Av‡Q|
KjKvZvi fwMbx
wm÷vi wb‡ew`Zvi bv‡g KjKvZvi DcK‡É me©‡kl wbwg©Z †mZzwUB wb‡ew`Zv †mZz| fwMbx wb‡ew`Zvi fv‡jv bvg
gvM©v‡iU GwjRv‡e_ †bv‡ej| wZwb wQ‡jb GKRb A¨vs‡jv-AvBwik es‡kv™¢‚Z mgvRKg©x, †jwLKv, wkw¶Kv Ges
¯^vgx we‡eKvb‡›ì wkl¨| Zuvi Rš§ iex›`Öbv‡_i Qq eQi ciÑ1867 mv‡j, DËi Avqvij¨v‡Û| 1895 mv‡ji
b‡f¤î gv‡m jÛ‡bi GK cvwievwiK Avm‡i gvM©v‡iU ¯^vgx we‡eKvb‡›ì †e`vš— `k©‡bi e¨vL¨v †kv‡bb|
we‡eKvb‡›ì ag©e¨vL¨v I e¨w³‡Z¡ wZwb gy» nb| Zuvi cÖwZwU e³…Zv I cÖ‡kœvË‡ii K¬v‡m Dcw¯’Z _v‡Kb|
Zvici we‡eKvb›`‡KB wb‡Ri ¸i“ e‡j eiY K‡i †bb| ¯^vgx we‡eKvb›` Zuvi bvgKiY K‡ib wb‡ew`Zv|
1898 mv‡ji 28 Rvbyqvwi ¯^‡`k I cwievi-cwiRb Z¨vM K‡i gvM©v‡iU P‡j Av‡mb fvi‡Z| GB mgq
we‡eKvb‡›ì Kv‡Q fvi‡Zi BwZnvm, `k©b, mvwnZ¨, RbRxeb, mgvRZË¡, fvi‡Zi cÖvPxb I AvaywbK gnvcyi“l‡ì
RxebK_v ï‡b gvM©v‡iU fviZ‡K wb‡Ri K‡i †bb| iex›`Öbv_ VvKzi, RM`xkP›`Ö emy I Zuvi ¯¿x Aejv emy,
Aebx›`Öbv_ VvKzi, IKvKziv KvKz‡Rv cÖgyL ZrKvjxb mgv‡Ri wewkó e¨w³ wQ‡jb wb‡ew`Zvi eÜz¯’vbxq| iex›`Öbv_
Zuv‡K Ô†jvKgvZvÕ AvL¨v †`b| GKmgq wb‡Ri Kb¨v‡K cov‡kvbv Kiv‡bvi Rb¨ wb‡ew`Zvi nv‡Z Zz‡j †`b wZwb|
†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv welq wb‡q iex›`Öbv‡_i m‡½ wb‡ew`Zvi fzj -†evSveywSI n‡qwQj, wKš‘ wb‡ew`Zvi g„Zzï ci Zuv‡K
wb‡q †kvKMv_v wj‡L‡Qb iex›`Öbv_| Zuvi Rxeb¯§„wZ‡Z fwMbx wb‡ew`Zv m¤ú‡K© `xN© †jLvi GK As‡k Zuvi gš—
e¨:
wb‡R‡K Ggb Kwiqv m¤ú~Y© wb‡e`b Kwiqv wèvi Avðh© kw³ Avi †Kv‡bv gvby‡l cÖZ¨¶ Kwi
bvB| †m m¤^‡Ü Zuvnvi wb‡Ri g‡a¨ †hb †Kv‡bvcÖKvi evavB wQj bv| Zuvnvi kixi, Zuvnvi
Av‰kke BD‡ivcxq Af¨vm, Zuvnvi AvÍxq-¯^R‡bi †h ggZv, Zuvnvi ¯^‡`kxq mgv‡Ri D‡c¶v Ges
hvnv‡ì Rb¨ wZwb cÖvY mgc©Y Kwiqv‡Qb Zvnv‡ì J`vmxb¨, `ye©jZv I Z¨vM¯^xKv‡ii Afve
wKQy‡ZB Zuvnv‡K wdivBqv w`‡Z cv‡i bvB| gvby‡li mZïƒc, wPriƒc †h Kx, Zvnv †h Zuvnv‡K
Rvwbqv‡Q †m †`wLqv‡Q| gvby‡li Avš—wiK mËv me©cÖKvi ¯’‚j AveiY‡K G‡Kev‡i wg_¨v Kwiqv
w`qv wKiƒc AcÖwZnZ †Z‡R cÖKvk cvB‡Z cv‡i Zvnv †`wL‡Z cvIqv cig †mŠfv‡Mï K_v|
fwMbx wb‡ew`Zvi g‡a¨ gvby‡li †mB AcivnZ gvnvÍ¨‡K m¤§y‡L cÖZ¨¶ Kwiqv Avgiv ab¨ nBqvwQ|
fviZxq wkíKjvi mgS`vi wb‡ew`Zv fvi‡Zi AvaywbK wPÎKjvi m„R‡b Ab¨Zg Aby‡cÖiYv`vwqbx wn‡m‡e KvR
K‡ib| b›`jvj emy GB K_v GKvwaKevi ¯§iY K‡i‡Qb| Rxe‡bi †kl c‡e© wb‡ew`Zv ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡bi m‡½
Rwo‡q c‡ob| Gm‡ei cvkvcvwk wZwb gWvb© wiwfD, `¨ †÷Umg¨vb, Ag„ZevRvi cwÎKv, Wb, cÖey× fviZ,
evjfviZx cÖf…wZ cwÎKvq ag©, mvwnZ¨, ivRbxwZ, mgvRZË¡, wkíKjv BZ¨vw` wel‡q cÖeÜ †j‡Lb| Bs‡iwR‡Z
iex›`Öbv‡_i †QvUMí cÖ_g Abyev` K‡ib gvM©v‡iU GwjRv‡e_ †bvej (fwMbx wb‡ew`Zv)| ÔKveywjIqvjvÕ, ÔQywUÕ Ges
Av‡iKwU †QvUMí Abyev` K‡iwQ‡jb wZwb| ÔKveywjIqvjvÕ cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj 1912 mv‡j Zuvi g„Zzï ci| Zuvi
†jLv D‡jL‡hvM¨ eB¸‡jv n‡jv Kvjx `¨ gv`vi, I‡qf Ae BwÛqvb jvBd, †µWj †Ujm Ae wn›`yBRg, `¨
gv÷vi A¨vR AvB m wng BZ¨vw`| wKš‘ fvi‡Zi MÖx®§cÖavb AvenvIqvq AwZwi³ cwikÖg Kivi d‡j K‡qK eQ‡ii
g‡a¨B Amy¯’ n‡q c‡ob wb‡ew`Zv| 1911 mv‡j nvIqv e`‡ji Rb¨ RM`xkP›`Ö emy I Zuvi ¯¿xi m‡½ `vwR©wj‡O
†eov‡Z wM‡q 13 A‡±vei †mLv‡bB †klwbk¦vm Z¨vM K‡ib wZwb| g„Zzï mgq Zuvi eqm n‡qwQj gvÎ 44 eQi|
fwMbx wb‡ew`Zv fvi‡Zi me‡P‡q cÖfvekvjx gwnjv‡ì Ab¨Zg| Zuvi eB gvZ…iƒcv Kvjx c‡o AbycÖvwYZ n‡q
Aebx›`Öbv_ VvKzi ÔfviZgvZvÕ QwewU Auv‡Kb| weavbbM‡i Aew¯’Z cwðge½ ga¨wk¶v cl©‡ì 2010 mv‡j wbwg©Z
febwU wb‡ew`Zvi bv‡g bvgvw¼Z| Zvwgjbvo–i †PbœvB‡Z fwMbx wb‡ew`Zvi cÖwZwôZ GKv‡WwgwUi bvg ivLv n‡q‡Q
60
Ôwm÷vi wb‡ew`Zv GKv‡WwgÕ| Zuvi bv‡g GKvwaK we`¨vjq I K‡j‡Ri bvgKiY Kiv n‡q‡Q| 1968 mv‡j fviZ
miKvi Zuvi ¯§„wZi¶v‡_© 4.06 X 2.28 †mw›UwgUvi gv‡ci GKwU WvKwUwKU cÖKvk K‡i|
KjKvZvi meyR‡Niv moK wefvR‡Ki Ici KZ¸‡jv mvBb‡ev‡W© `yRb gvÎ we‡`wki bv‡g wj‡L ejv n‡q‡Q,
KjKvZv Zuv‡ì kni| †mB `ywU bvg wm÷vi wb‡ew`Zv Avi gv`vi †Z‡imvi| wb‡ew`Zvi GKUv ˆZjwPÎI Av‡Q
÷vi w_‡qUv‡ii jwe‡Z ivgK…ò, wMwik †Nvl Avi we‡bvw`bxi cv‡k| Gevi KjKvZvi me©‡kl ¯§iYÑZuvi bv‡g GB
wb‡ew`Zv weªR|
we‡eKvb›` †mZz Pvjy n‡qwQj 1932 mv‡j| cy‡iv‡bv n‡q hvIqvi ì“b GB †mZz‡Z fvix hvbevnb PjvP‡j
Amyweav nw”Qj| ZvB GKwU wØZxq †mZzi cÖ‡qvRb Abyf‚Z nq| †mZz wbg©v‡Yi mgq AviI GKwU wRwbm g‡b
ivL‡Z n‡q‡QÑHwZnvwmK ¸i“Z¡c~Y© `w¶‡Yk¦i Kvjxevwo‡K †hb †mZzwUi †P‡q †QvU bv †`Lvq| Avevi †mZzwU
hv‡Z 50 eQi ch©š— fvix hvbevnb Pjvi †hvM¨ _v‡K, †mw`‡KI bRi w`‡Z n‡q‡Q| †mZzwU b`xZ‡ji mgvš—iv‡j
wWc-I‡qj dvD‡Ûk‡bi Ici ùvwo‡q i‡q‡Q| G‡Z Av‡Q QqwU †jb, hv‡Z `ª“ZMvgx hvbevnb PjvPj Ki‡Z
cv‡i| 254wU wcÖ-†÷ªmW KbwµU MvW©vi GB K¨v‡iRI‡qwU‡K aviY K‡i Av‡Q| 14 wgUvi DuPz cvBjb †_‡K †Kej
†b‡gI †mZzwU‡K AwZwi³ aviY¶gZv w`‡q‡Q|
wb‡ew`Zv †mZzB fvi‡Zi cÖ_g †mZz, †hwU GKwU wm½j †cÖvdvBj †Kej-†÷qW †mZz| bKkv Abyhvqx †mZzi ¯—
¤¢¸‡jvi D”PZv `w¶‡Yk¦i gw›`‡ii Zzjbvq Kg ivLv n‡q‡Q| †mZzwU ˆZwi Ki‡Z 650 †KvwU UvKv LiP n‡q‡Q|
†mZzi wbg©vYKvR ïi“ nq 2004 mv‡ji GwcÖj gv‡m| 2007 mv‡ji RyjvB gv‡m †mZzwU hvb PjvP‡ji Rb¨ Ly‡j
†Ìqv nq|
KjKvZvq ¶zwìvg
KjKvZvi †Lvjv cÖvš—‡i `yiK‡gi KxwZ©gvb‡ì g~wZ© †`‡LwQÑwkí-mvwnZ¨ I mvgvwRK †¶‡Î huviv f‚wgKv
†i‡L‡Qb, Zuv‡ì| Aci `jwU‡Z Av‡Qb Zuviv, huviv msMÖvgx f‚wgKvq wQ‡jb| Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ Av‡Qb ¶zwìvg emy,
cÖdzj- PvKx, †bZvwR myfvlP›`Ö emy, gv÷vi`v m~h© †mb, ivmwenvix emy, gvZw½bx nvRiv, mykxj avov I wPËiÄb
`vm cÖgyL| Z‡e KjKvZvi me‡P‡q ¸i“Z¡c~Y© PZ¡i knx` wgbv‡ii cv‡k cZvKv nv‡Z ùvwo‡q _vKv gvZw½bx
nvRivi g~wZ©i w`K †_‡K mn‡R †KD †PvL miv‡Z cv‡ib bv|
¶zwìv‡gi GB g~wZ© †`‡LI wenŸj n‡q hvb Avgvi m½xiv| weªwUk †L`vI Av‡›`vj‡b ¶zwìv‡gi GKUv eo
f‚wgKv wQj| AvU-bq eQi eqm †_‡KB wZwb Bs‡iRwe‡ivax n‡q D‡VwQ‡jb| Nywl †g‡i KviI bvK dvwU‡q
w`‡q‡Qb, KviI †bŠKv Wzwe‡q w`‡q‡Qb, †Kv_vI †evgv Qy‡o †g‡i‡Qb| fviZxq‡ì Kv‡Q wZwb wecex, weªwUk‡ì
Kv‡Q wZwb fqvbK mš¿vmx wn‡m‡e cwiMwYZ| G ai‡bi †jvKRb‡K a‡i wb‡q mvaviYZ Av›`vgv‡b Øxcvš—‡i
cvVvZ weªwUk miKvi| Zuv‡ì Gme KvÊKviLvbvi bgybv BZ¨vw` 2008 mv‡j †`‡L G‡mwQ Av›`vgv‡b wM‡q| eBI
wj‡LwQ Kvjvcvwb bv‡g| †mLv‡bI ¶zwìv‡gi bvg wQj wecex‡ì ZvwjKvq| wKš‘ Zuvi ÔAcivaÕ GZB †ewk wQj
†h, Zuv‡K Avi Av›`vgv‡b cvwV‡q RxweZ ivL‡Z Pvqwb weªwUk miKvi|
1908 mv‡ji 30 GwcÖj weªwUk wePviK wKsm †dv‡W©i Mvwo‡Z †evgv wb‡¶c Kivi Rb¨ Zvi evwoi cv‡ki
†Sv‡ci Avov‡j e‡mwQ‡jb ¶zwìvg Avi cÖdzj PvKx| mÜ¨vi ci mv`v wdUb MvwowU Zuv‡ì Kv‡Q †cuŠQvgvÎ
MvwowU j¶¨ K‡i †evgv wb‡¶c Ki‡jb `yRb| wKš‘ IB Mvwo‡Z †mw`b wKsm †dvW© wQ‡jb bv| wQ‡jb Ab¨ `yRb
we‡`wk| `yRbB gviv †M‡jb| LyeB `ª“Z IB NUbv¯’j Z¨vM Ki‡jb Zuviv| wKš‘ †kl i¶v n‡jv bv Zuv‡ì| KviY,
wKQy`~i hvIqvi ci c‡_ weªwUk cywj‡ki nv‡Z aiv co‡jb ¶zwìvg I cÖdzj PvKx| cÖdzj PvKx aiv covi m‡½
m‡½ wb‡R wb‡Ri gv_v j¶¨ K‡i wifjev‡ii ¸wj Qy‡o AvÍnZ¨v Ki‡jb|
Gi wZb gvm `k w`b ciÑ1908 mv‡ji 11 AvM÷ ¶zwìv‡gi duvwm Kvh©Ki Kiv nq| Nwo‡Z ZLb †fvi
PviUv| †m mgq ¶zwìv‡gi c‡¶i AvBbRxex wQ‡jb kÖx D‡c›`Öbv_ †mb| wZwb wjL‡Qb, Ôduvwmi g‡Â ¶zwìvg
wbf©xKfv‡e D‡V hvb| Zuvi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv fq ev Aby‡kvPbv KvR KiwQj bv| G †`‡ki bexb †hŠe‡bi cÖZxK n‡q
nvwmgy‡L wZwb D‡V hvb duvwmi g‡Â|Õ Zuvi GB NUbv wb‡q †jLv nq KvjRqx †mB Mvb:
GKevi we`vq †` gv Ny‡i Avwm|
nvwm nvwm cie duvwm †`L‡e RMrevmx|
K‡ji †evgv ˆZwi K‡i
ùvwo‡q wQ‡jg iv¯—vi av‡i gv †Mv,
eojvU‡K gvi‡Z wM‡q
61
gvijvg Av‡iK Bsj¨vÛevmx\
kwbevi †ejv `kUvi c‡i

RR‡Kv‡U©‡Z †jvK bv a‡i gv †Mv
n‡jv Awfiv‡gi Øxc Pvjvb gv ¶zwìv‡gi duvwm\
`k gvm `k w`b c‡i
Rš§ †be gvwmi N‡i gv †Mv
ZLb hw` bv wPb‡Z cvwim gv †Mv †`Lwe Mjvq duvwm\...
MvbwU †K wj‡L‡Qb, Zv wb‡q wKwÂr gZwe‡iva Av‡Q| †KD e‡j‡Qb, GUv gyKz›` `v‡mi, Avevi †KD e‡j‡Qb,
GUv cxZv¤î `v‡mi †jLv Mvb|
gvZ½x †g‡Z‡Q AvR mgi i‡½

1905 mv‡j cÖZ¨¶fv‡e fvi‡Zi ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡bi m‡½ Rwo‡q c‡ob gvZw½bx nvRiv| gZv`k©MZfv‡e wZwb
wQ‡jb MvÜxev`x| 1932 mv‡j gvZw½bx AvBb Agvb¨ K‡i Av‡›`vj‡b †hvM †`b| †mB mgq wZwb jeY AvBb
Agvb¨ K‡i †MÖßvi eiY K‡iwQ‡jb| AíKvj ciB Aek¨ Zuv‡K gyw³ †Ìqv n‡qwQj| wKš‘ Ki gIKz‡ di `vwe‡Z
cÖwZev` Pvwj‡q †M‡j Avevi Zuv‡K Kvivi“× Kiv nq| GB mgq wZwb enigcy‡ii KvivMv‡i Qq gvm e›`x wQ‡jb|
gyw³jv‡fi ci wZwb fviZxq RvZxq Ks‡MÖ‡mi mwµq m`m¨c` jvf K‡ib Ges wb‡Ri nv‡Z PiKv †K‡U Lvw`
Kvco evbv‡ZI ïi“ K‡ib| 1933 mv‡j gvZw½bx kÖxivgcy‡i gnKzgv Ks‡MÖm Awa‡ek‡b †hvM w`‡q cywj‡ki
jvwVPv‡R©i mgq AvnZ nb|
ÔfviZ QvoÕ Av‡›`vj‡bi mgq Ks‡MÖm m`mïv †gw`bxcyi †Rjvi me _vbv I Ab¨vb¨ miKvwi Kvh©vjq `Lj
K‡i †bIqvi cwiKíbv MÖnY K‡ib| GB cwiKíbvi D‡Ïk¨ wQj †Rjv †_‡K weªwUk kvmb D‡”Q` K‡i GLv‡b
GKwU ¯^vaxb ivóª cÖwZôv Kiv| cÖavbZ gwnjv †¯^”Qv‡meKmn 6 nvRvi mg_©K ZgjyK _vbv `L‡ji D‡Ï‡k¨ GKwU
wgwQj †ei K‡i| GB wgwQ‡ji †bZ…Z¡ w`‡qwQ‡jb 73 eQi eqmx gvZw½bx nvRiv|
1931 mv‡ji 16 †m‡Þ¤î Av‡m †mB Kv‡jv w`b| ivZ AvUUvq weªwUk cywjk cvMjv NwÈ evwR‡q ¸wj Pvjvq
wbi¯¿ e›`x‡ì Ici| g„Zz¨ nq `yB wecexi| GKRb myfvlP›`Ö emyi mncvVxÑ1818 mv‡j †cÖwm‡WwÝ K‡j‡Ri
øvZ‡K cÖ_g †kÖwY‡Z cÖ_g nIqv m‡š—vlKzgvi wgÎ| Ab¨Rb PÆMÖvg A¯¿vMvi jyÉ‡bi bvqK gv÷vi`v m~h© †m‡bi
mnKg©x Zvi‡Kk¦i †mb¸ß| IB NUbvi ciw`b myfvlP›`Ö wgwQj K‡ib| m¤¢eZ G mg‡qi NUbv wb‡qB gyKz›` `vm
wj‡LwQ‡jb †mB weL¨vZ Mvb: Ôfq wK gi‡Y ivwL‡Z mš—v‡b/ gvZ½x †g‡Z‡Q AvR mgi i‡½Õ| Gi 10 w`b ci,
26 †m‡Þ¤î KjKvZvi eZ©gvb knx` wgbvi PZ¡‡i cÖwZev` mfv K‡ib iex›`Öbv_| †mB mfvq wek¦Kwei `xß K‡É
D”PvwiZ nq ÔcÖkœÕ KweZvi †mB jvBb¸‡jv, †hLv‡b iex›`Öbv_ c‡o †kvbvbÑ
KÉ Avgvi i“× AvwR‡K, euvwk msMxZnviv,
Agem¨vi Kviv
jyß K‡i‡Q Avgvi fzeb `yt¯^‡cœi Z‡j|
ZvB †Zv †Zvgvq ïavB AkÖ“R‡jÑ
hvnviv †Zvgvi welvB‡Q evqy, wbfvB‡Q Ze Av‡jv,
Zzwg wK Zv‡ì ¶gv KwiqvQ, Zzwg wK †e‡mQ fv‡jv?
iex›`Öbv_ Avi gvZw½bx cÖvq GKB mg‡qi| iex›`Öbv‡_i cuvP eQi ci c„w_ex‡Z G‡m Zuvi g„Zzï c‡ii eQi
Zuv‡KI P‡j †h‡Z nq| Zdvr GBUzKz| iex›`Öbv‡_i wQj ¯^vfvweK g„Zz¨, Avi gvZw½bx‡K gi‡Z nq ¯^vaxbZvi
Rb¨|
1947 mv‡j fviZ ¯^vaxbZv AR©b Ki‡j AmsL¨ ¯‹zj, cvov I iv¯—vi bvg gvZw½bx nvRivi bv‡g DrmM© Kiv
nq| ¯^vaxb fvi‡Z KjKvZv kn‡i cÖ_g †h bvixg~wZ©wU ¯’vcb Kiv n‡qwQj, †mwU wQj gvZw½bx nvRivi| 1977
mv‡j KjKvZvi gq`v‡b GB g~wZ©wU ¯’vwcZ nq| Zgjy‡K wVK †h RvqMvwU‡Z wZwb g„ZzëiY K‡iwQ‡jb, †mLv‡bI
Zuvi GKwU g~wZ© Av‡Q| 2002 mv‡j ÔfviZ QvoÕ Av‡›`vjb I Zvgªwjß RvZxq miKvi MV‡bi 60 eQi c~wZ©
Dcj‡¶ fvi‡Zi WvK wefvM gvZw½bx nvRivi QwemsewjZ cuvP UvKvi †cv÷vj ÷¨v¤ú Pvjy K‡i|
62
A±vi‡jvwb GLb knx` wgbvi

WvjnvDwm bvg †hgb e`‡j‡Q, KjKvZvi A±vi‡jvwbi gby‡g›U‡KI GLb knx` wgbvi bv‡g WvKv nq| KjKvZvi
gq`v‡b †ek DuPz GKUv ¯—¤¢ Av‡Q| hLb GwU evbv‡bv nq, ZLb wQj weªwU‡ki c~Rv, GLb Zv weªwUkwe‡ivax‡ì
Aviva¨| 1804 mv‡j w`wj‡Z gvivVv‡ì wei“‡× weªwUk B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi KgvÛvi †gRi †Rbv‡ij m¨vi
†WwfW A±vi‡jvwbi ÔmdjÕ AvÍi¶v Ges B½-†bcvj hy‡× †MvL©v‡ì wei“‡× Zuvi †bZ…‡Z¡ †Kv¤úvwbi evwnbxi
weRq‡K ¯§iYxq K‡i ivL‡Z 1828 mv‡j GB †mŠawU evbv‡bv n‡qwQj|
weRq‡K Awe¯§iYxq K‡i ivLvi B”Qv kvmKe‡M©i g‡b †R‡MwQj eû Av‡MB| wgm‡ii w_wem bM‡i Ck¦i Kvg
ivRviv ¶gZv `Lj ev Av‡ivnY K‡iB wb‡Ri bv‡g GK-GKwU myD”P cv_i¯—¤¢ emv‡Zb| 3-4 nvRvi eQi
Av‡MKvi Gme A‡ewj¯‹ †`‡L G‡mwQ wgm‡i| jÛ‡bi UªvdvjMvi PZ¡i ev wbD K¨vmj Avcb UvB‡bi †MÖ w÷ª‡U
Pvi-cuvP k eQi Av‡MKvi Ggb weRq¯—¤¢I †`‡LwQ|
GB fvi‡Z me‡P‡q DuPz wgbviwU evwb‡qwQ‡jb KzZzeDwÏb AvB‡eK 1193 mv‡j| gymjgvb‡ì fviZ Rq‡K
¯§iYxq K‡i ivL‡ZB 220 dzU DuPz G wgbviwU evbv‡bv n‡qwQj| †m mgqKvi wePv‡i GwU wQj c„w_exi m‡e©v”P
B‡Ui wgbvi| KzZze wgbv‡ii Qq k eQi ci KjKvZvi GB knx` wgbvi ¯—¤¢wU 157 dzU DuPz GK wgkÖ ixwZi
¯’vcZ¨‡KŠk‡j evbv‡bv| Gi wb‡Pi Ask wgmixq, ¯—¤¢ AskwU K¬¨vwmK¨vj d¬z‡UW, DcwifvMwU wmixq auv‡Pi Ges
M¤^yRwU ZzwK© ˆkjxi| Ic‡i `ywU eviv›`v Av‡Q| 223wU mwc©jvKvi wmuwo †e‡q DV‡Z nq| m„wói 140 eQ‡ii
gv_vq GB Ro c`v_©wU Zvi Kvh©KviY cv‡ë †d‡j| GB gby‡g›UwU hLb evbv‡bv nq, ZLb wQj fviZxq‡ì
wei“‡× Bs‡i‡Ri R‡qi ¯§i‡Y evbv‡bv| Avi GLb IB GKB gby‡g›U cwiYZ n‡q‡Q Bs‡i‡Ri wei“‡× hy‡×
wbnZ fviZxq knx`‡ì ¯§i‡Y| 1969 mv‡ji AvM÷ gv‡m Z`bxš—b hy³d«›U miKvi GB ¯§„wZ‡mŠawU‡K fvi‡Zi
¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡b wbnZ knx`‡ì D‡Ï‡k DrmM© K‡i| †mB mgq GB †mŠ‡ai bZzb bvgKiY Kiv nqÑknx`
wgbvi| wKš‘ KjKvZvi A‡bK †jvK GL‡bv Zv‡K A±vi‡jvwb ev` w`‡q ïay Ôgby‡g›UÕ bv‡gB Wv‡K|
eZ©gv‡bi knx` wgbvi PZ¡iwU LyeB Ae‡njvi wkKvi| †Lvjv PZ¡i †c‡q wQbœg~j gvby‡liv GLv‡b AvkÖq †Luv‡R|
Zv‡ìB wf‡o mqjve _v‡K G AÂj| cwi”QbœZvi AfveI cÖKU| Av‡Q m¯—vi wKQy mI`vMwi e¨vcvi-m¨vcvi|
GKmgq GB PZ¡‡iB A‡bK ivR‰bwZK mfv n‡Zv| ¯^qs iex›`Öbv_I GLv‡b AbywôZ A‡bK mfvq mfvcwZZ¡I
K‡iwQ‡jb|
`„k¨gvb fv¯‹wh©K ¯’vcbvi wbwi‡L GB KjKvZv GLb Kvi kniÑGUv ej‡Z cviv †Zgb RwUj wKQy bq| †è-
†èxi g~wZ© ev` w`‡j, c‡_-gv‡V-Nv‡U-cÖvš—‡i msL¨vi wePv‡i iex›`Öbv‡_i g~wZ©B me‡P‡q †ewk| VvKzievwoi
cwimi QvovI, iex›`Öm`b ev wkí-mvwn‡Zï cÖvš—‡i iex›`Öbv‡_i Avkcv‡k GL‡bv Avi †KD †bB| Z‡e A‡bK
RvqMvq Zuvi cvkvcvwk †`‡LwQ we‡eKvb›`‡KI| †bZvwR myfvl emy Av‡Qb ivóªxq HwZ‡nï Ask wn‡m‡e| Avi
kniwU‡Z hZ VvKz‡ii g~wZ© Av‡Q, Zvi g‡a¨ kniwU‡K †Pbv‡bvi Rb¨ iex›`Öbv_B me‡P‡q †ewk D¾¡j|
63
VvKz‡ii MÖš’bMix
KjKvZv Avgv‡K cÖ_g †K wPwb‡qwQj, AvR Avi †mUv Lye fv‡jv K‡i ej‡Z cvie bv| †`k cwÎKvi Kj¨v‡Y
KjKvZv‡K cÖ_g Avwg Rvwb| Av‡iKUz ¸wQ‡q ej‡j, mybxj Avi ksK‡ii Dcb¨vm Avgv‡K G mg‡qi KjKvZv
Ges Zvi c_-NvU-evRvi-†jvKvj‡qi bvg¸‡jv‡K †Pbvq|
Avgiv GLb †h evsjvq wjwL ev cwo, Zvi m~Pbv Dwbk kZ‡KÑKjKvZv †_‡KB| Zvi Av‡M AvbygvwbK beg
kZvãx‡Z evsjv fvlvq mvwnZ¨ iPbvi m~ÎcvZ| `kg †_‡K Øv`k kZvãxi gaëZ©x mg‡q iwPZ †eŠ× †ùvnv-
msKjb Ph©vc` evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖvPxbZg wb`k©b| cÖvPxb I ga¨hyMxq evsjv mvwnZ¨ wQj Kve¨cÖavb| wn›`yag©,
Bmjvg I evsjvi †jŠwKK ag©wek¦vm¸‡jv‡K †K›`Ö K‡i M‡o D‡VwQj GB mgqKvi evsjv mvwnZ¨| g½jKve¨, êòe
c`vejx, kv³c`vejx, ˆPZb¨ Rxebx, ivgvqY, gnvfviZ I fvMe‡Zi e½vbyev`, †ivgvw›UK cÖY‡qvc¨vLvb, †`v-fvlx
cyuw_mvwnZ¨, bv_mvwnZ¨, evDj c`vewj Ges Bmjvwg ag© mvwnZ¨ wQj GB mvwn‡Zï g~j welq| g~jZ evsjv
mvwn‡Z¨ AvaywbKZvi m~Pbv Aóv`k kZvãx‡Z| Ebwesk kZvãx‡Z evsjvi beRvMi‡Yi hy‡M KjKvZv kni‡K †K›`Ö
K‡i evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ GK bZzb hy‡Mi m~Pbv nq| GB mgq †_‡K ag©xq welqe¯‘i e`‡j gvbemgvR, gvbeZvev` I
gvbe-gb¯—Ë¡ evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖavb Av‡jvP¨ welq n‡q I‡V| 1947 mv‡j fviZ wefv‡Mi ci evsjv mvwnZÏ `ywU
avivq wef³ nq: KjKvZv‡Kw›`ÖK cwðge‡½i mvwnZ¨ I XvKv‡Kw›`ÖK c~e© cvwK¯—vb Z_v evsjv‡`‡ki mvwnZ¨|
eZ©gv‡b evsjv mvwnZ¨ we‡k¦i GKwU Ab¨Zg mg„× mvwnZäviv wn‡m‡e cwiMwYZ|
Avwki `k‡K Avwg ÔAvDU eBÕ‡qi cvVK nB| cÖ_g †h KqwU eB c‡o Avwg gy» n‡qwQjvg, †m¸‡jv wQj meB
KjKvZvi †jLK‡ì| Gu‡ì g‡a¨ wQ‡jb kirP›`Ö P‡Ævcva¨vq, dvê–bx gy‡Lvcva¨vq, bxnviiÄb ¸ß, hvhvei, wbgvB
fÆvPvh© cÖgyL| Gu‡ì ci Avwg ksKi awi| ksK‡ii KZ ARvbv‡i, †hvM-we‡qvM-¸Y-fvM, †PŠi½xÑG¸‡jvi K_v
g‡b wQj| ksK‡ii KvQ †_‡KB Avgvi Ô†PŠi½xÕ bvgwU Rvbv| KjKvZvq cÖ_gevi G‡m †`wL, †mB †PŠi½x| †mB
MÖvÛ †nv‡Uj| ksKi GB MÖvÛ †nv‡U‡j KvR Ki‡Zb Rbms‡hvM wefv‡M| GB †nv‡U‡ji AwfÁZv wZwb Zz‡j
a‡i‡Qb D‡jwLZ eB¸‡jv‡Z| Avgvi cÖ_g md‡iB KjKvZv G‡m Avwg GB †jLK‡ì †`Lvi Rb¨ Aw¯’i n‡q
hvB|
Avb›èvRv‡i 45 wgwbU
1990 mv‡ji 11 b‡f¤î| wØZxq w`‡bi †mwgbvi Pj‡Q ZvR †e½‡ji eji“‡g| †mLvb †_‡K Kvq`v K‡i GKUv
†dvb Kivi eë¯’v n‡q hvq Avgvi| ÔKvq`vÕ ejwQ G Kvi‡Y †h, IB m‡¤§jb Kfvi Ki‡Z Avmv GK d‡Uv
Rvb©vwj‡÷i m‡½ Aí wKQy¶‡Yi g‡a¨ Avgvi LvwZi n‡q hvq| wZwb Avb›èvRvi MÖ“‡ci d‡Uv Rvb©vwj÷|
†mwgbv‡i Avmv AvwK©‡U±iv †KD Zuv‡K †Zgb cvËv †`q bv| Avwg w`B| cv‡k wM‡q e‡m Mv‡q c‡o K_v ewj|
Avgvi m‡½ 10 wgwb‡Ui gv_vq Zuvi fve n‡q hvq| fv‡ei KviY Avgvi K¨v‡giv| wZwb †h g‡W‡ji K¨v‡giv
eënvi Ki‡Qb, AvgviUvI ZvB| Zuvi cÖ_‡g aviYv n‡qwQj, m¤¢eZ evsjv‡`k `‡ji Awdwkqvj d‡UvMÖvdvi
wn‡m‡e Avwg GLv‡b G‡mwQ| Avm‡j †mUv hLb bq Ges Avwg hLb ¯’vc‡Zï QvÎ, Avevi m‡¤§j‡bi †Wwj‡MU,
Avgv‡K wKwÂr LvwZi I Ki“Yv K‡i Avb›èvRvi cwÎKvi KvD‡K Kx K‡i †dv‡b †c‡Z nq, Zvi Kvq`vUv e‡j
†`b|
†nv‡Uj wi‡mck‡bi cv‡k _vKv B›UviKg †dvb †_‡K Avwg Acv‡iUi‡K ewj, Avgv‡K †hb Avb›èvRvi-G
†dvb K‡i mybxj M‡½vcva¨v‡qi m‡½ wgwj‡q †Ìqv nq|
d‡Uv Rvb©vwj÷ Avgv‡K wR‡Ám K‡ib, Ômybxj`vi m‡½ Avcbvi cwiPq Av‡Q †Zv?Õ
Avwg Reve w`B bv| Avgvi †dvb Kv‡b jvMv‡bv| Avwg Acv‡iU‡ii K_v †kvbvi Rb¨ A‡c¶v Kwi|
mybxj M‡½vcva¨vq Avgvi Kx nb? AvÍxq?
AvÍxq †Zv e‡UB| ÔAvÍxqÕ bv †nvK ÔcwiwPZÕ †Zv ej‡ZB n‡e| wek¦vm bv Ki‡j Avgvi wfmv dig †`‡L wb‡Z
cv‡ib †h †KD| Avjvn bv Ki“b, GB KjKvZvq G‡m hw` Avgvi wKQy n‡q hvq, †KD hw` Avgvi †Kv‡bv †LuvR
bv cvq, hw` GKRb gvÎ gvby‡li Kv‡Q Avgvi †LuvR †bIqvi AwaKvi _v‡K fviZ miKv‡ii, wZwb n‡jb mybxj
M‡½vcva¨vq|
NUbvUv N‡U KjKvZv Avmvi wKQyw`b Av‡M| KjKvZvq bvwK GKUv †mwgbvi n‡e, †hLv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki A‡bK
AvwK©‡U± hv‡”Qb| hv‡”Qb wKQy QvÎI| wWcvU©‡g‡›U Avgvi IVvemv-AvÇv Avi Nyg Avgvi `yB e¨vP wmwbq‡ii m‡½|
64
GB e¨v‡Pi GKRb KvRx †gvnv¤§v` Avwid| wZwb Avgv‡K Qvov `ycy‡i †L‡ZI e‡mb bv| Zuviv K‡qKRb cvm‡cvU©
Rgv w`‡q G‡m‡Qb| Kvj wfmv cv‡eb| Avgv‡K wb‡`©k †Ìqv nq AvMvgxKvj cvm‡cvU© Rgv w`‡Z| ciï cvIqv
hv‡e wfmv| c‡ii iv‡Z †ebv‡cv‡ji evm|
Avwg P‡j hvB avbgwÛi fviZ `~Zvevm Awd‡m| cvm‡cvU© wb‡q wM‡qwQ, Qwe wb‡qwQ, cvm‡cv‡U© Wjv‡ii
Gb‡Wvm©‡g›U Kwi‡qwQ (50 UvKv LiP K‡i)| Gevi wfmv dig c~iY Kivi cvjv|
ILv‡b AmsL¨ `vjvj †NvivNywi K‡i| Zv‡ì †h KvD‡K 100 UvKv w`‡j me K‡i †`q| ciw`b wfmv| 100
UvKv LiP bv Ki‡Z PvB‡j wb‡R jvB‡b ùvovI, dig bvI, wdjvc K‡i Rgv w`‡q iwm` bvI, Avevi Kvj G‡m
jvBb a‡i iwm` †`wL‡q cvm‡cvU©-wfmv †diZ bvI|
100 UvKvi A‡bK `vg Avgvi Kv‡Q| Avwg wb‡R dig wdjvc Ki‡Z wM‡q †`wL, KjKvZvi †Kv‡bv cwiwPZ
†jv‡Ki bvg-wVKvbv w`‡Z n‡e|
Avwg wZb †m‡KÛ wPš—v Kijvg| †h Kbdv‡i‡Ý hvw”Q, Zvi wVKvbv mevB w`‡q‡Q| wKš‘ Avwg †Zv †mme wb‡q
Avwmwb| GLb Kx Kiv?
Avwg wPwb KjKvZvi gvÎ `yRb‡K| GKR‡bi bvg ÔksKiÕ, cy‡iv bvg Rvwb bv| Av‡iKR‡bi bvg RvwbÑmybxj
M‡½vcva¨vq| Zuvi Avb›èvRvi-Gi wVKvbv Avgvi gyL¯’| mybxj M‡½vcva¨v‡qi bvg wj‡L †`k cwÎKvi wVKvbv
ewm‡q w`B Avwg| Avgvi wfmv n‡q hvq| †mB wfmv wb‡q G‡mwQ KjKvZvi wZb k eQi c~wZ©i Drm‡e, †hLv‡b
e‡m‡Q wek¦ ¯’cwZ‡ì †gjv| KwVb KwVb me e³…Zv| `ycy‡ii wd« jv‡Âi ci KjKvZvi wKQy †`Lvi Rb¨ gbUv Do–
Do– K‡i DVj| ZvB GB †dv‡bi cÖqvm| fvejvg, huvi bvg wewµ K‡i wfmv wb‡qwQ, Zuvi m‡½ GKUz K_v bv ej‡j
gbUv †hb kvwš— cv‡e bv|
Avgvi cv‡k ùvwo‡q Av‡Qb Avb›èvRvi MÖ“‡ci d‡Uv Rvb©vwj÷| Avwg B›UviKg Kv‡b jvwM‡q A‡c¶v KiwQ
†Uwj‡dvb Acv‡iU‡ii| wgwbU `y‡qK Avgv‡K A‡c¶vq †i‡L GKmgq Acv‡iUi Rvbvb, mybxj M‡½vcva¨vq AvR
Awd‡m Av‡mbwb| Avwg m‡½ m‡½ ewj, ÔZvn‡j kx‡l©›`y‡K †`‡Lb|Õ
I cv‡k †dvb a‡i‡Qb kx‡l©›`y gy‡Lvcva¨vq| G cv‡k Avwg|
Ôbg¯‹vi `v`v, Avwg wK kx‡l©›`y gy‡Lvcva¨v‡qi m‡½ K_v ejwQ?Õ
ÔwR| ejyb|Õ
Ô`v`v, Avwg evsjv‡`k †_‡K G‡mwQ, AvwK©‡UKPv‡ii ÷z‡W›U| Avcbvi †jLv c‡owQ| Avcbvi m‡½ †`Lv Ki‡Z
PvB|Õ
ÔKLb Avm‡Z Pvb?Õ
ÔAvcwb ej‡j GLbB iIbv w`‡Z cvwi|Õ
ÔGLb wVK †Kv_vq Av‡Qb Avcwb?Õ
ÔZvR †e½‡j|Õ
ÔZvR †e½jÕ †_‡K †dvb K‡iwQ, wg‡_¨ ewjwb Avwg| wKš‘ †Kb †hb g‡b n‡jv GB K_vwU ejvi ci †_‡K
kx‡l©›`y gy‡Lvcva¨v‡qi Mjvi ¯îwU A‡bK †Kvgj n‡q †Mj| Gici ZvR †e½j †_‡K Kx K‡i †Kvb evm a‡i
Avb›èvRvi-G Avm‡Z n‡e, evm †_‡K †b‡g KZUzKz nuvU‡Z n‡e, †M‡U Kx K_v ej‡Z n‡e, wZwb Avgv‡K eywS‡q
†`b|
Avwg ewj, Ô`v`v, Avwg U¨vw· wb‡q AvmwQ|Õ
AvU UvKv U¨vw· fvovq Avwg P‡j Avwm Avb›èvRvi-Gi `vjv‡bi wb‡P| †ek cyjK Abyfe Kwi| kx‡l©›`y
KvD‡K e‡j †i‡LwQ‡jb g‡b n‡jv, †M‡U bvg-cwiPq †Ìqvi ci †K GKRb †ZZjvq GKUv †QvÆ N‡i Avgv‡K
wb‡q †M‡jb| GLv‡b e‡m Av‡Qb ¯^qs kx‡l©›`y gy‡Lvcva¨vq|
kx‡l©›`yi †Zgb †Kv‡bv Dcb¨vm Avgvi ZL‡bv cov n‡q I‡Vwb| †`k-G avivevwnK †ewi‡qwQj `~iexb| †mUvi
`y‡Uv ce© c‡owQjvg| K_v ejjvg Zv-B wb‡q| †Ui †cjvg, †Kv‡bv †jL‡Ki †jLv †KD c‡o‡Qb Ges G wel‡q
K_v ej‡Z G‡m‡Qb, Ggb welq †jL‡Kiv, †m hw` kx‡l©›`y gy‡Lvcva¨vqI nb, †ek cQ›` K‡ib| Avgv‡K Pv
LvIqv‡bv n‡jv, wkOvov LvIqv‡bv n‡jv| Avwg Avb›` cvewjkv‡m©i eB †Kv_v †_‡K wKbe, K‡jR w÷ª‡Ui †Kvb
†`vKv‡b wM‡q †Kvb Kg©Pvixi m‡½ K_v ej‡j Avgv‡K m‡e©v”P 30 kZvsk Qv‡o eB †Ìqv n‡e, †m m¤ú‡K©I
Avjvc n‡jv|
†ewi‡q hvIqvi mgq g‡b n‡jv, †`k-Gi m¤úv`K mvMigq †Nv‡li m‡½ †`Lv Ki‡j Lvivc nq bv| g‡bi K_v
ejjvg kx‡l©›`y‡K| wZwb cvwV‡q †`b mvMigq †Nv‡li i“‡g|
65
†QvÆ GKUv Kvgiv| Av‡jv †bB ej‡jB P‡j| cvLv Nyi‡Q NUNU K‡i| Pviw`‡K eB‡qi ¯—‚c|
GKUv Kv‡Vi nvZjIqvjv †Pqv‡i e‡m Av‡Qb Avwki KvQvKvwQ eq‡mi GK cÖexY| Mv‡qi is Kvj‡P, bv`ymby`ym
Mob| †Pv‡L Pkgv|
mvMigq †Nvl m¤ú‡K© Avwg †ewk wKQy Rvwb bv| ïay GUzKz RvbZvg †h, wZwb iex›`Öbv‡_i mivmwi QvÎ wQ‡jb|
kvwš—wb‡KZ‡b cov‡kvbv K‡i‡Qb|
Avwg K_v ïi“ Kwi iex›`Öbv_‡K wb‡qB| ewj, ÔZuv‡K wK Avcbvi g‡b Av‡Q?Õ mvMigq †Nvl nvm‡jb GKUz|
ej‡jb, Ô†`k cwÎKvq †hvM w`‡q cÖ_g †h A¨vmvBb‡g›UUv K‡iwQjvg, Zv wQj Kwe¸i“i KvQ †_‡K GKUv KweZv
Avi Mí Av`vq Kiv| †mUv Kwe¸i“i g„Zzï gvÎ gvm K‡qK Av‡Mi K_v|Õ
Avwg wR‡Ám Kwi, Ô†`k cwÎKvq Kxfv‡e G‡jb?Õ
mvMigq †Nvl ej‡jb, Ô¯^‡`wk Av‡›`vjb Kivi Rb¨ GKevi †R‡j wM‡qwQjvg| †mB †RjLvbvq cwiPq nq
Avb›èvRvi-Gi m¤úv`‡Ki m‡½| wZwbI †R‡j| Avgvi PvKwi n‡q hvq †RjLvbv‡Z e‡mB| Avgv‡K wZbUv
Ackb w`‡qwQ‡jb wZwb| Avwg wbjvg †`k cwÎKvi PvKwii KvR| †mB †_‡K AvwQ| †`k cwÎKvq Avgvi PvKwii
eqm 50 cvi n‡q‡Q| Z‡e m¤úv`‡Ki `vwq‡Z¡ AvwQ GB †mw`bÑ1976 †_‡K| Zv-I 14 eQi n‡q †Mj|Õ
K_v ej‡Z ej‡ZB †R‡b hvB, wZwb Avm‡j Avgv‡ì evsjv‡`‡kiB gvbyl| Zu vi Rš§ Avgv‡ì Kzwgjvq| wKš‘
evsjv‡`‡ki m‡½ Zuvi mv¶vr †Zgb †hvMv‡hvM †bB| Gevi Avwg Mjvi ¯î big K‡i Zuvi m¤ú‡K© Rvbv wKQy
Awf‡hv‡Mi K_v ejjvg|
Avwg Rvb‡Z PvBjvg, Ôgymjgvb †jLK‡ì bvg †Kb Avcbviv weK…Z K‡i Qv‡cb? †h †jLK Avcbv‡ì Kv‡Q
†jLv cvVvb, wZwb †Zv Zuvi bvgwU wb‡RB wj‡L †`b| Avcbviv Qvcvi mgq Zvi bvg e`jvb †Kb?Õ
_ZgZ †L‡q hvb mvMigq †Nvl| Rvbvb, GUv G‡Kev‡iB Awb”QvK…Z| KL‡bv B”Qv K‡i K‡ib bv| KL‡bv
KL‡bv Ggb Awf‡hvMI wZwb cvb e‡j Rvbvb, ÔAviwe-dviwm bvg evsjvq A‡b‡K A‡bKfv‡e †j‡L| †KvbUv †h
mwVK bvg, AvgivI A‡bK mgq ey‡S DV‡Z cvwi bv|Õ
Rvwb, wnw›` bvg‡K ZiRgv K‡i KjKvZvi KvM‡R evsjv Kiv nq| ÔwgbvKlxÕ‡K Ôgxbv¶xÕ, ÔAvwgZvfÕ‡K
ÔAwgZvfÕ, Ôw`KwlZÕ‡K Ô`xw¶ZÕ Zuviv K‡ib ev ÔRq mywiqvÕ‡K K‡ib ÔRq m~h©Õ| ZvB e‡j kvgmy‡ii bv‡gi
†klvsk ÔivngvbÕ‡K ÔingvbÕ †Kb Ki‡eb? (c‡i Avwg GgbI ï‡bwQ †h, ÔkvgmyiÕ‡K bvwK Ôk¨vgmy›ìÕ K‡i
KjKvZvi GK wjwUjg¨v‡MI Zuvi KweZv †Q‡cwQj| Avi Avgvi bvg ÔmKzi gwR`Õ wn‡m‡e eû RvqMvq Qvcv
n‡q‡Q, msea©bv wb‡Z g‡Â WvKvI n‡q‡Q G bv‡g 2002, 2007 I 2012 m‡j|)|
mvMigq †Nvl AZ¨š— VvÛv gv_vi gvbyl| Avgvi Kv‡Q Zuvi AÁZvi K_v ejv‡Z Avwg welqwU †P‡c hvB| wKš‘
Zuv‡K Qvwo bv| ewj, Ôiex›`Öbv_ †hfv‡e Av‡Qb, bRi“j wKš‘ †mB A‡_© †Kv‡bvfv‡eB †`k-G †bB| Gi g~‡j wK
bRi“j bvgwU gymjgvb Avi Zuvi evsjv‡`‡k P‡j hvIqv? wZwbI †Zv Avcbv‡ì ea©gv‡bi †jLK!Õ
nvm‡jb mvMigq †Nvl| †evSv‡Z PvB‡jb †h, wZwb iex›`Öbv_ Ges bRi“j‡K Zuv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Ae¯’vb
Abyhvqx cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q Dc¯’vcb K‡ib| bRi“j‡K wb‡q Zuvi g‡b we›`ygvÎ Am¤§vb‡eva †bB| bRi“j †h A‡bK
eo Kwe wQ‡jb, MxwZKvi wQ‡jb, AKc‡U †m K_v e‡jb|
Avwg j¶ Kwi, GB cÖÁvevb m¤úv`K Avgvi AwZ AvµgYvÍK †Kv‡bv K_v‡ZB we›`ygvÎ wei³ n‡”Qb bv| eis
nvwmgy‡L me K_vi Reve w`‡”Qb|
A‡bK¶Y emv n‡jv Zuvi N‡i| Gevi D‡V Avmvi cvjv|
Zuvi Kvgiv †_‡K †ewi‡q P‡j Avme, Ggb mgq Av‡iKUv Lycwii ìRvq †jLv †`wL, w`‡e¨›`y cvwjZ| Zuvi eB
c‡owQ Avwg| Lye †ewk bvMwiK Rxeb wb‡q †j‡Lb|
†Zgb †Kv‡bv f`ªZv bv K‡iB A‡bKUv wi¯‹ wb‡q Xz‡K cwo w`‡e¨›`y cvwj‡Zi Kvgivq| Avav wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨ e‡j
†dwj †Kb G‡m c‡owQ Zuvi N‡i| †`Ljvg, wZwbI A‡bK mnR gvbyl| Avgv‡K em‡Z e‡jb| Zuvi M`¨KvVv‡gv
wb‡q K_v ewj| †Kgb K‡i GKUv Dcb¨v‡mi wPš—v gv_vq Av‡m, GKUv PwiÎ wPÎ‡Yi Rb¨ Kx Kx Dcvq Aej¤^b
K‡ib, †mme wb‡qI K_v ewj Ges GKmgq we`vq nB|
Avb›èvRvi †_‡K †ewi‡q †mw`b †mvRv P‡j wM‡qwQjvg K‡jR w÷ª‡U m¯—vq eB †Kbvi Rb¨| Avi †`‡k G‡m
Avwg cvw¶K Abb¨v‡Z GKUv ågYM`¨ wjwL| wk‡ivbvg ÔAvb›èvRv‡i 45 wgwbUÕ| cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ Avgvi cÖ_g
†Kv‡bv ågYM`¨| cÖKvkKvj A‡±vei 1991|
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eBcvov K‡jR w÷ªU

KjKvZvi K‡jR w÷ªU Avgv‡ì evsjvevRvi Avi bxj‡¶‡Zi †hvMdj| mvwi mvwi eB‡qi †`vKvb| †ewki fvMB
†ek cy‡iv‡bv| wKQy eB dzUcv‡ZI wewµ n‡”Q| XvKvi evRv‡i †hgb Pzwi K‡i KjKvZv I Ab¨ †`‡ki †e÷‡mjvi
eB wewµ nq, GLv‡b G‡m †Zgb wKQy g‡b n‡jv bv| KjKvZvi eB‡qi QvcvUv Avgv‡ì †_‡K wfbœ, KvMRI|
Avgv‡ì †ek Uv‡b| cÖvq †ò wK‡jvwgUviRy‡o j¤^v Ggb eB‡qi evRvi †eva nq `ywbqv‡Z Lye KgB Av‡Q|
1990 mv‡j K‡jR w÷ªU Lye fv‡jv K‡i Avgvi †`Lv nqwb| k cuv‡PK UvKvi eB †Kbvi ci fvix eB e‡q
†eov‡ZI Kó n‡qwQj| P‡j G‡mwQjvg †mw`b| wKš‘ fv‡jv K‡i GB cvovwU †`Lvi Rb¨ Avevi Avwg hvB 2014
mv‡ji AvM÷ gv‡m| Avgvi m½x ZLb gvmyg Acy Avi †WBRx| Avgiv GKcv‡k Mvwo †i‡L Gcvi †_‡K Icv‡i
†nu‡U †eovB| bvbv iKg eB †`wL|
GKevi †`ÕR-Gi †`vKv‡b Xzu gvijvg| †`wL eo dv‡g©wmi g‡Zv mvg‡b GKUv †QvU KvD›Uvi| †cQ‡b wekvj
eB‡qi AvoZ| †fZ‡i KviI †XvKvi my‡hvM †bB| KvD›Uv‡i jvBb a‡i ùvwo‡q eB‡qi bvg ej‡Z nq ev wj÷
awi‡q w`‡Z nq| we‡µZviv eB G‡b †`‡eb| K¨vwkqvi UvKv ey‡S †b‡eb|
GB eB‡qi †`vKv‡bi Kg©Pvixiv †ek eq¯‹| lv‡Ui Ici eqm mevi| Zuv‡ì cvi½gZv †`‡LB †evSv hvq,
A‡bK eQi a‡iB Zuviv GB †ckvq Av‡Qb| †h‡Kv‡bv †jL‡Ki bvg ej‡jB †`wL Zuvi Ab¨ eB¸‡jvi LeiI
w`‡”Qb| †Kvb eB †Kvb †`vKv‡b cvIqv hvq, Zvi nw`mI wgj‡Q GLv‡b| fv‡jv jvMj †`‡L †h, evsjv‡`‡ki
nygvq~b Avn‡g‡ì wngy-welqK KZ¸‡jv eB †Pv‡Li mvg‡b wewµ n‡q †Mj|
KjKvZvi GB K‡jR w÷ªU h‡_ó cy‡iv‡bv eB‡qi evRvi| †mUv M‡o I‡V Dwbk kZ‡Ki †kl `yB `k‡K| Zvi
Av‡M †kvfvevRv‡ii eUZjv wQj KjKvZvi eB‡qi evRvi| †kvfvevRv‡i mviv w`b Ny‡iwQ, wKš‘ †mB eUMvQwU
†`L‡Z cvBwb| Dwbk kZ‡Ki †Mvovi w`‡K KjKvZvq hLb QvcvLvbvq eB Qvcv‡bv ïi“ nq, Zvi cÖ_g w`‡Ki
eB¸‡jv wQj nq ag©xq cy¯—K, bq iMi‡M Kvwnwbi PwU Dcb¨vm| G¸‡jv †ek PjZ, wKš‘ †m¸‡jvi mvwnZ¨g~j¨
†Kv‡bvfv‡eB wkw¶ZR‡bi Kv‡Q MÖnY‡hvM¨ wQj bv| G Kvi‡YB †eva nq GKv‡jI G ai‡bi evRvi-KvUwZ
Dcb¨vm¸‡jv‡KI ÔeUZjvi Dcb¨vmÕ ejv n‡q _v‡K| eUZjvi †jLK‡ì igigv Ae¯’v wQj|
KjKvZv hLb MÖš’bMix

Dwbk kZ‡Ki gvSvgvwS mgq †_‡KB KjKvZv cÖavbZ MÖš’bMix n‡q I‡V| G †¶‡Î †ek K‡qKRb evOvwj AMÖYx
f‚wgKv cvjb K‡ib| KjKvZv †Kej Avb›`-dzwZ©i bMix wQj bv| bvbv Kvi‡YB †ek wKQy Ávbx-¸Yx †jv‡Ki
Avwef©ve NUvq Ges Zuv‡ì m„Rbkxj †jLbx I gy`ªYh‡š¿i cÖmv‡i KjKvZv n‡q D‡VwQj AwfRvZ wkw¶Z †jv‡Ki
kniI| G‡K ZLb ÔMÖš’bMixÕ wn‡m‡eI WvKv n‡Zv|
KjKvZv gnvbMi‡K huviv MÖš’bMix wn‡m‡e M‡o Zz‡jwQ‡jb, Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ mevi Av‡M `yRb evOvwji bvg Ki‡Z
nq| GKRb cÂvbb Kg©Kvi, wØZxqRb M½vwK‡kvi fÆvPvh©| KjKvZvq 1806-1807 mv‡j QvcvLvbv ¯’vwcZ
n‡jI ZLb cÖavbZ †èbvMix A¶‡i wnw›` I ms¯‹…Z eB-B †mLvb †_‡K Qvcv n‡Zv| Zvi Av‡M Aek¨ cÂvbb
Kg©Kvi DBjwKÝ mv‡n‡ei KvQ †_‡K KvR wk‡L evsjv Qvcvi nid ˆZwi K‡i‡Qb Ges Zv‡Z eBI Qvcv n‡q‡Q,
Z‡e Zv n‡jI n‡q‡Q mv‡ne‡ì †cÖm †_‡K| KjKvZvq mywcÖg †KvU© ¯’vc‡bi ci 1876 mv‡j eojvU †nw÷sm
n¨vj‡nW‡K w`‡q cÖ_‡gB †R›Uz †KvWm bv‡g wn›`y AvB‡bi GKwU eB wjwL‡qwQ‡jb| Kvh©Kifv‡e kvmb Ki‡Z n‡j
¯’vbxq fvlv fv‡jv K‡i Rvbv ìKviÑGB cÖ‡qvR‡bi K_v g‡b †i‡LB †nw÷sm n¨vj‡nW‡K evsjv fvlvi e¨vKiY
†jLvi Aby‡iva K‡iwQ‡jb| evsjv e¨vKiY iwPZ nIqvi ci hLb †`Lv †Mj †m e¨vKiY Qvcv‡bvi g‡Zv †Kv‡bv
†cÖm †Zv `~‡ii K_v, evsjv Qvcvi †Kv‡bv nidB †bB| ZLb †nw÷sm Ab¨ GKRb Kg©Pvix Pvj©m DBjwKÝ‡K w`‡q
evsjv nid ˆZwi Kivb| †mB nid w`‡q 1878 mv‡j ûMjxi GKwU †QvU QvcvLvbvq gyw`ªZ nq evsjv fvlvi cÖ_g
e¨vKiY| evsjv nid ˆZwi Kivi e¨vcv‡i Pvj©m Aek¨ AmvaviY mvnvh¨ †c‡qwQ‡jb cÂvbb Kg©Kv‡ii| KjKvZv
†_‡K cÖ_g Qvcv evsjv eB fviZP‡›`Öi Abœ`vg½j 1816 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq| M½vwK‡kv‡ii Qvcv GB Abœ`vg½jB
cÖ_g mwPÎ Qvcv evsjv eB| K‡qKLvwb avZz‡Lv`vB I KvV‡Lv`vB wPÎ wQj eBLvwbi g‡a¨| eB‡qi msL¨v I KvUwZ
evov‡Z M½vwK‡kvi GKwU eB‡qi †`vKvb †Lv‡jb Ges cÖwZwbwa cvwV‡q eB wewµi eë¯’v K‡ib| Zvici 1818
mv‡j M½vwK‡kvi wb‡RB GKwU QvcvLvbv K‡ib Ôev½vj †M‡RU †cÖmÕ bv‡g Ges †mLvb †_‡K evOvj †M‡RU bv‡g
evsjv mvgwqKcÎI cÖKvk K‡ib| GB ev½vj †M‡RUB evOvwj cÖewZ©Z cÖ_g evsjv msev`cÎ e‡j aviYv Kiv nq|
M½vwK‡kvi †hgb cÖ_g evsjv MÖš’ I cwÎKvi cÖKvkK, wVK †Zgwb cÂvbb Kg©KviI evsjv Qvcvi ni‡di Ab¨Zg
mÖóv ev QvcvLvbvi evsjv nid wbg©vZv| wKš‘ `yf©vMëkZ Guiv `yR‡bi †KDB gywÝ †_‡K gnvivRv nbwb, †ewbqvb ev
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g”QywÏwMwi K‡i jvLcwZ evey nbwb| Avevi Bs‡iR mv‡ne‡ì †gvmv‡nwe K‡i ivZvivwZ nVvr Rwg`vi ev
ZvjyK`viI nbwb| †m Rb¨ `yB e¨w³i ¯§„wZ Drme cvjb Kiv †Zv `~‡ii K_v, Zuv‡ì bvgI †jv‡K GLb cÖvq fz‡j
†M‡Q| Dwbk kZ‡Ki gvSvgvwS ga¨ KjKvZv kn‡i hZ¸‡jv QvcvLvbv ¯’vwcZ nq Ges hZ¸‡jv eB I cÎcwÎKv
cÖKvwkZ nq, Zv cÖavbZ evOvwj‡ì D‡`¨v‡M|
1836 mv‡j KjKvZvq cÖ_g †h MÖš’vMvi cÖwZwôZ nq, Zvi bvg ivLv nq ÔK¨vjKvUv cvewjK jvB‡eªwiÕ| †mB
mgq GwU wQj GKwU †emiKvwi cÖwZôvb| wcÖÝ ØviKvbv_ VvKzi wQ‡jb GB jvB‡eªwii cÖ_g gvwjK| fvi‡Zi
Z`vbxš—b Mfb©i †Rbv‡ij jW© †gUKvd Ô†dvU© DBwjqvg K‡jR jvB‡eªwiÕi 4 nvRvi 675wU eB GB MÖš’vMv‡i `vb
K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jb| GB `v‡bi d‡jB MÖš’vMv‡ii †MvovcËb m¤¢e n‡qwQj| GB mgq evsjv I Bs‡iwRÑ`yB fvlvi
eB-B GB MÖÖš’vMv‡ii Rb¨ †Kbv n‡Zv| KjKvZvi wewkó e¨w³iv MÖš’vMvi‡K A_©mvnvh¨ Ki‡Zb| miKv‡ii KvQ
†_‡KI Aby`vb cvIqv †hZ|
1891 mv‡j KjKvZvi GKvwaK mwPevjq MÖš’vMvi‡K GKÎ K‡i MwVZ nq ÔBw¤úwiqvj jvB‡eªwiÕ| GB
MÖš’vMv‡ii me©v‡c¶v D‡jL‡hvM¨ Ask wQj M„n-gš¿‡Ki MÖš’vMvi| 1903 mv‡ji 30 Rvbyqvwi jW© KvR©‡bi
cÖ‡Póvq ÔK¨vjKvUv cvewjK jvB‡eªwiÕ I ÔBw¤úwiqvj jvB‡eªwiÕ‡K mshy³ K‡i Rbmvavi‡Yi eënv‡ii Rb¨ Ly‡j
†Ìqv nq| mshy³ jvB‡eªwiwU ÔBw¤úwiqvj jvB‡eªwiÕ bv‡gB cwiwPZ nq| GB mgq MÖš’vMviwU D‡V Av‡m Avwjcy‡ii
†ej‡fwWqvi †ivW¯’ †gUKvd n‡ji eZ©gvb wVKvbvq| wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i mgq jvB‡eªwiwU Gmc¨v‡b‡Wi ÔRevKzmyg
nvD‡mÕ ¯’vbvš—wiZ n‡qwQj|
¯^vaxbZvi ci ÔBw¤úwiqvj jvB‡eªwiÕ Avevi †gUKvd n‡j D‡V Av‡m| GB mgq jvB‡eªwii bZzb bvgKiY nq
ÔRvZxq MÖš’vMviÕ ev Ôb¨vkbvj jvB‡eªwiÕ| 1953 mv‡ji 1 †deª“qvwi ZrKvjxb †K›`Öxq wk¶vgš¿x gvIjvbv Aveyj
Kvjvg AvRv` ÔRvZxq MÖš’vMviÕ‡K me©mvavi‡Yi Rb¨ Dš§y³ K‡i †`b|
cÖ_g w`‡K eB‡qi Qvcvi LiP A‡bK †ewk _vKvi Kvi‡Y eB¸‡jvi `vgI A‡bK †ewk wQj| gyKz›ìv‡gi
PÊxg½jKve¨ 1823 mv‡j wek¦bv_ †`‡ei †cÖ‡m hLb Qvcv nq, ZLb Zvi `vg wQj Qq UvKv| c‡i 1856 mv‡j
hLb Kgjvjq †cÖ‡m Qvcv nq, ZLb `vg ivLv nq gvÎ GK UvKv| K…wËev‡mi Avw`ce© 1831 mv‡j hLb ivgK…ò
gwj‡Ki †cÖ‡m Qvcv nq, `vg wQj wZb UvKv| c‡i 1856 mv‡j hLb myavwmÜz †cÖ‡m Qvcv nq, `vg ivLv nq gvÎ
Pvi Avbv| Dwbk kZ‡Ki we‡ki `k‡K †h eB‡qi `vg Qq UvKv wQj, Pwj‡ki `k‡K G‡m Zvi g~j¨ GK UvKvq
cwiYZ nq|
iex›`Öbv‡_i Rš§ Ges †e‡o IVvi mgq †_‡K KjKvZvi gy`ªYwk‡íiI µgk cÖmvi NU‡Z _v‡K| †kvfvevRv‡ii
eUZjv A”Qyr‡ì `L‡j †_‡K hvq| GKmgq eBcvov wn‡m‡e K‡jR w÷ªU weKwkZ n‡Z _v‡K| Gi g~‡j g~jZ wQj
Ôwn›`y K‡jRÕ|
1817 mv‡j Ôwn›`y K‡jRÕ ¯’vwcZ n‡qwQj †kvfvevRv‡i| GB †kvfvevRv‡ii cÖKvÊ GK eUMv‡Qi Zjvq cÖ_g
QvcvLvbv e‡mwQj Zvi c‡ii eQi| wKš‘ GB wn›`y K‡jR GKmgq m‡i Av‡m cUjWvOvq| †mLv‡b ax‡i ax‡i
Ôms¯‹…Z K‡jRÕ, Ô†gwW‡Kj K‡jRÕ, Ô†nqvi ¯‹zjÕ, ÔKjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjqÕ, Ô†cÖwm‡WwÝ K‡jRÕ ¯’vwcZ n‡j K‡jR
w÷ªU eBcvovi iƒc †bq| 1874 mv‡j gvÎ `y‡Uv eB‡qi †`vKvb w`‡q ïi“ n‡qwQj Zvi hvÎv| 1899 mv‡j
†`vKv‡bi msL¨v ùvovq 36wU‡Z| Avi GLb †ò wK‡jvwgUvi j¤^v, `yB mvwi‡Z K‡qK nvRvi eB‡qi †`vKvb|
K‡jR w÷ª‡Ui Kwd nvDm

Avgiv nuvU‡Z nuvU‡Z †c‡q hvB Avgv‡ìB eûj cÖZ¨vwkZ †mB Pv‡qi †`vKvb ÔKwd nvDmÕwU| ZvwK‡q †`wL Zvi
fv‡jv bvg ÔBwÛqvb Kwd nvDmÕ| wb‡P mvBb‡ev‡W© †jLvÑÔBwÛqvb Kwd IqvK©vm© †Kv-Acv‡iwUf †mvmvBwU
wjwg‡UWÕ, 15 ew¼g P¨vUvwR© w÷ªU, KjKvZv-700073| Kwd nvDm weL¨vZ KjKvZvi eyw×Rxex I ms¯‹…wZ‡cÖgx‡ì
Rb¨| Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q GB Pv‡qi †`vKvbwU weL¨vZ g~jZ gvbœv †ì †mB weL¨vZ Mvb ÔKwd nvD‡mi †mB AvÇvUv
AvR Avi †bBÕ-Gi Rb¨|
gvbœv †ì GB Mvb Avwg ïwb Avwki `k‡K| ZL‡bv Avwg ÔKwd nvDmÕ wb‡q †Kv‡bv `„k¨ Kíbv Ki‡Z cvwiwb|
†Kv‡bv Kwd nvDm †`wLIwb Rxe‡b|
K‡jR w÷ªU bv‡gi GB iv¯—vq ÔK‡jR w÷ªUÕ mvBb‡evW© †`wL bv| eBcvovi bvg n‡q‡Q ew¼g eveyi bv‡g| †ek
n‡q‡Q| Gi Av‡M eUZjvq †h eB‡qi evRvi wQj, ew¼gevey Zvi we‡ivax wQ‡jb| Avwg †gvUvgywU wbwðZ, 1880
mv‡ji w`‡K ew¼geveyi KwVb fvlvq †jLv wmwiqvm welqwfwËK Dcb¨vm KjKvZvi †ewk †jvK coZ bv| Zvi †P‡q
Avï‡Zvl eveyi PwU eB m¤¢eZ †ewk wewµ n‡Zv| I¸‡jv A‡bK iMi‡M Kvwnwb‡Z fiv wQj| †hŠbZvi Awf‡hv‡M
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Awfhy³ wQj eUZjvi eBcvov| †mLvb †_‡K †ewi‡q G‡m GB K‡jR w÷ªU hLb †ò wK‡jvwgUv‡ii eB‡qi
Avo‡Z cwiYZ n‡q‡Q, Zvi bvgUv ew¼geveyi bv‡g n‡e, GUvB †Zv ¯^vfvweK!
Kwd nvD‡m †XvKvi Rb¨ †QvÆ GKUv †MU w`‡q Xz‡K cwo Avgiv| mvg‡b cÖk¯— wmuwo| wmuwoi cv‡k we`y¨‡Zi
A‡bK wgUvi emv‡bv| Ge‡ov‡Le‡ov Zv‡ii AvoZ e‡j g‡b nq| †`qv‡j jvMv‡bv Av‡Q wKQy †cv÷vi| bZzb Kx
wm‡bgv Avm‡Q, †Kv_vq Ave„wËi †Kvb Abyôvb n‡eÑGm‡eiB Lei Zv‡Z|
†`vZjvq wM‡q †`wL GKUv Wvej-nvBU †¯úm| Zvi GK cv‡k GKUv KvD›Uvi Avi cy‡iv RvqMvRy‡o KZK¸‡jv
†Uwej| †Kv_vI emvi g‡Zv †Kv‡bv †Pqvi Lvwj †bB| Kwd †L‡Z huviv G‡m‡Qb, Zuv‡ì eqm cuwPk †_‡K cuPvwk|
Zuviv †L‡Z G‡m‡Qb, bv AvÇv w`‡Z, Lye fv‡jv K‡i †evSv hv‡”Q bv| KviY, †Uwe‡j wKQy Lvwj Kvc Av‡Q, `y -
GKUv wcwi‡P wKQy cywi-RvZxq Lvevi Av‡QÑGB hv| wKš‘ K_v ej‡Q mevB| KviI †Kv‡bv K_v †kvbv hv‡”Q bv|
ïay gvby‡li MgMg Kivi kã| †QvU‡ejv nv‡U †hgb ïbZvg, A‡bKUv †miKgB| A‡b‡KiB nv‡Z ÔPvi wgbviÕ
nq‡Zv †bB, Ô†Mvì †d¬KÕ ev G-RvZxq wKQy wmMv‡iU| Pj‡Q AvÇv| eyS‡Z cvwi, GLv‡b GLb mkixi Dcw¯’Z
KjKvZvi G mg‡qi †jLK, wkíx, cÖKvkK I Pjw”PÎKv‡iiv| Lei wb‡q †R‡bwQ, G RvqMvwU Avw`Kvj †_‡KB
KjKvZvi wkíx-mvwnwZ¨K‡ì cÖvY Ly‡j AvÇvi †K›`Ö¯’j wQj| GKmgq iex›`Öbv_, myfvl †evm †_‡K ïi“ K‡i
mZ¨wRr, gvbœv †`, AgZ©¨ †mb, g„Yvj †mb, AcY©v †mb, FwZ¡K NUK, bvivqY M‡½vcva¨vq, mybxj M‡½vcva¨vq, kw³
P‡Ævcva¨vqivI AvÇvq eyu` n‡Zb GLv‡b G‡m|
N‡ii KvVv‡gv †`‡L †evSv hvq, GUv †Kv‡bv GKUv njNi wQj GKmgq| †`vZjvi mgvb D”PZvi N‡i Pvi cvk
w`‡q e¨vjKwb †Ìqv|
Rvbv †Mj, 1876 mv‡j ÔAvjevU© njÕ bvg w`‡q GUv evbv‡bv n‡qwQj mvs¯‹…wZK Abyôvb Kivi Rb¨| Bsj¨v‡Û
ZLb ivwb wf‡±vwiqv ¶gZvq| Zuvi ¯^vgx Avjev‡U©i ¯§i‡Y ILv‡bI iqvj AvjevU© nj evbv‡bv n‡qwQj 1871-G|
Gi cuvP eQi ci KjKvZvq| AvR‡Ki GB Kwd nvDmwU Zvi GK mgqKvi weªwUk ivwbi ¯^vgxi (ivRvi) bvg enb
K‡iwQj| 1876 †_‡K cieZ©x cÖvq 70 eQi ch©š— Zv‡K KjKvZvi AvjevU© nj wn‡m‡eB WvKv n‡Zv| 1942
mv‡j fviZxq Kwd †evW© GB Ni †_‡K Kwdi Pvjvb ïi“ K‡i| 1947 mv‡j fviZ ¯^vaxb nq| Gi ciB AvjevU©
mv‡n‡ei bvg wPiZ‡i gy‡Q †d‡j `vjvbwUi bvg ivLv nq ÔKwd nvDmÕ| eZ©gv‡b cy‡iv fvi‡Z cÖvq 400wUi g‡Zv
Kwd nvDm Av‡Q| 1940-Gi w`‡K weªwUk ivB GB Kwd nvD‡mi m~Pbv K‡iwQj| †m mgqB †MvUv cÂv‡kK Kwdi
†`vKvb wQj cy‡iv fvi‡Z| Gi g‡a¨ †ek KqwU GB KjKvZv kn‡i| †m›Uªvj A¨vwfwbD, †gwW‡Kj K‡jR, hvècyi
wg‡j mvZwU kvLv Av‡Q| Z‡e me‡P‡q weL¨vZwU n‡jv K‡jR w÷ª‡Ui GB ÔKwd nvDmÕ|
GB Kwd nvD‡mi m‡½ iex›`Öbv_ †_‡K ïi“ K‡i cÖvq cÖ‡Z¨K ms¯‹…wZ‡mexiB wKQy bv wKQy ¯§„wZ Rwo‡q Av‡Q|
A‡bK mvs¯‹…wZK AvÇv, Av‡›`vj‡bi †K›`Öwe›`y wQj GB nvDm|
Avgv‡ì GKevi B”Qv n‡jv, GLv‡b e‡m wKQy¶Y Kwd LvB| wKš‘ emvi g‡Zv †Kv‡bv RvqMv cvB bv ÔKwd
nvD‡mÕ| `~‡i, Icv‡ki †`qv‡j hyeK eq‡mi iex›`Öbv_ ùvwo‡q Av‡Qb, cÖgvYmvB‡Ri GKUv mv`vKv‡jv d‡UvMÖv‡d|
†hb KjKvZvi be¨ Abymvixiv Zuv‡K ïwb‡q ïwb‡q mvwn‡Zï Kx ivRv-DwRi gvi‡Q, GmeB †hb wZwb †`L‡Zb|
Avgiv †b‡g Avwm ÔKwd nvDmÕ †_‡K| gvbœv †ì MvbUv g‡bi Mn‡b evR‡Z _v‡K|
K‡jR w÷ªU hLb ew¼‡gi

eUZjvi †jLK‡ì †jLbxaviv‡K hw` Avg‡j bv †bIqv nq, Zvn‡j KjKvZvq mvwnZïPbv ïi“ nq ew¼gP›`Ö
P‡Ævcva¨vq‡K w`‡q| Dwbk kZ‡Ki gvSvgvwS mg‡q wZwb weKwkZ n‡Z ïi“ K‡ib| Zuvi wKQy †jLvi m‡½ my`~i
ˆK‡kv‡iB Avwg cwiwPZ nIqvi my‡hvM cvB| KcvjKzÊjv, wele„¶, KgjvKv‡š—i `ßiÑGme eB c‡owQjvg †mB
ZLbB| Lye KwVb fvlvq †jLv| cy‡ivUvB mvayixwZi| Gi †P‡qI KwVb †jLv Avgv‡ì co‡Z n‡qwQjÑgvB‡Kj
gaym~`‡bi AwgÎv¶i Q‡›ì †gNbvèa-Gi Askwe‡kl| ew¼g-gvB‡K‡ji ciciB Avm‡j KjKvZvi mvwnZ¨vKv‡k
bZzb Zvivi Rš§ n‡qwQj 1861 mv‡j †Rvovmuv‡Kvi VvKzievwo‡Z| iex›`Öbv‡_i †e‡o IVvi m‡½ m‡½ evsjv
mvwn‡Z¨ bZzb K‡i cÖv‡Yi mÂvi n‡Z _v‡K| Gici Av‡mb kirP›`Ö P‡Ævcva¨vq, KvRx bRi“j Bmjvg| g~jZ
†QvU‡ejvq cvV¨cy¯—‡K Gu‡ì †jLv c‡oB Avgv‡ì †e‡o IVv| Av‡iKUz eo nIqvi ci Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q cwiwPZ
nb Rxebvb›` `vk, myKvš— fÆvPvh©, weòz †`, †cÖ‡g›`Ö wgÎ, ey×‡è emy, wef‚wZf‚lY e‡›`¨vcva¨vq, kiw`›`y
e‡›`¨vcva¨vq, Zvivk¼i e‡›`¨vcva¨vq, gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq, mg‡ik emy, Avkvc~Y©v †èx, gwYksKi gyLvwR©
(ksKi), gnv‡k¦Zv †èx, mybxj M‡½vcva¨vq, kx‡l©›`y gy‡Lvcva¨vq, ey×‡è ¸n, mg‡ik gRyg`vi, mÄxe
69
P‡Ævcva¨vq, k•L †Nvl, AwgZvf †PŠayix, bx‡iv` †PŠayix, kw³ P‡Ævcva¨vq, Aveyj evkvi, Rq †Mv¯^vgxÑGuiv| Gu‡ì
mevi me †jLvB †h Avgvi cov n‡q‡Q, †gv‡UB bv| Z‡e bvbvfv‡eB Avwg Gme †jL‡Ki m‡½ cwiwPZ|
iex›`Öbv‡_i kirÔeveyÕ
†mKv‡ji MÖš’bMix KjKvZvi Kv‡Q evOvwj cvV‡Ki A‡bK FY| †mB KjKvZv †_‡KB GKmgq G‡mwQj †UKPuv`
VvKz‡ii Avjv‡ji N‡ii `yjvj| †mLvb †_‡K ïi“ n‡jI Ck¦iP›`Ö we`¨vmvMi Avi ew¼‡gi nvZ a‡i mvwn‡Zï fvi
G‡m c‡o Kwe¸i“ iex›`Öbv_ VvKz‡ii Ici| Zvici cÖvq 60 eQi mgq a‡i GKvB wZwb mvwn‡Zï me kvLvi me
evwZ R¡vwj‡q †i‡LwQ‡jb| ej‡ZB nq, Zuvi J¾¡‡jï Kv‡Q †QvULv‡Uv wcw`‡gi Av‡jv A‡bK gn‡jB †cuŠQv‡Z
cv‡iwb|
Z‡e `wi`ª N‡i R‡š§I GK evey, Avgv‡ì kirP›`Ö P‡Ævcva¨vq wKš‘ wb‡Ri gkvj DuwP‡q ai‡Z m¶g
n‡qwQ‡jb| wesk kZ‡Ki mË‡ii `k‡K Avwg hLb evsjv eB co‡Z wkwL, ZLb evsjvi †ewki fvM ga¨we‡Ëi
N‡i, †h N‡i Aš—Z GKRb cvVKI Av‡Qb, †mLv‡b iex›`Ö ev bRi“‡ji Qwe ev eB‡qi cv‡k Aš—Z kirP‡›`Öi
†Kv‡bv-bv-†Kv‡bv eB Avwg †`‡LwQ| kirP›`Ö wQ‡jb, we‡kl K‡i gwnjv‡ì Kv‡Q AZ¨š— wcÖq GKRb †jLK|
Avgvi gv‡qiI cQ‡›ì †jLK wZwb|
K¬vm †m‡fb-GBU †_‡K Avgiv evsjv cvV¨cy¯—‡K Mí co‡Z ïi“ Kwi| iex›`Öbv‡_i Mí Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q KwVb
g‡b n‡jI kirP›`Ö‡K mnR g‡b n‡Zv Ges †m Kvi‡YB cvVëB‡qi evB‡i M‡íi eB LuyR‡Z wM‡q Avgiv iwe
VvKz‡ii N‡i-evB‡i ev †bŠKvWzwe LyuR‡Z †hZvg bv, LuyRZvg kirP‡›`Öi kÖxKvš—, `Ëv, eow`w`, †gRw`w`, cwiYxZv
I †`bv-cvIbv BZ¨vw`|
Avi ïay ÔAvDU eBÕB ev †Kb, cv‡Vi eB‡Z Ôˆngš—xÕi PwiÎ we‡kl‡Yi †P‡q ÔwejvmxÕ wQj mn‡R Dc¯’vcb
Kivi g‡Zv PwiÎ|
ej‡Z wØav †bB, GB `yB †jL‡Ki Kv‡Q Avgvi e¨w³MZ F‡Yi †kl †bB| D”Pgva¨wg‡K covi mgq Avgvi †mB
17-18 eQi eq‡mB iex›`Öbv‡_i †QvUMí wn‡m‡e Ôˆngš—xÕi mv_©KZv wKsev kirP‡›`Öi bvixPwiÎ we‡kl‡Y
ÔwejvmxÕ‡K LyuR‡Z wM‡q GB `yR‡bi iPbvcv‡Vi A‡bK my‡hvM nq| G `yRbB Avgvi g‡bi gv‡V †ivcY K‡ib
mvwn‡Zï exR| cieZ©xKv‡j mvwn‡Zï cÖwZ Avgvi Abyiv‡Mi m~Pbv, Zv Gfv‡eB|
kirP‡›`Öi Rš§ cwðg evsjvi GK MÖv‡g, GK `wi`ª cwiev‡i, iex›`Öbv‡_i R‡š§i 15 eQi ci| A_©K‡ói
Kvi‡Y †jLvcov †ewk Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| GKmgq evg©v wM‡q †Kivwbi PvKwi K‡ib| Zuvi †mB evg©v -åg‡Yi Kvwnwb
c‡owQjvg mgy‡`ª mvB‡K¬vb ågYK_vq| `kg †kÖwY‡Z GUv Avgv‡ì cvV¨ wQj|
`yR‡bi eq‡mi eëavb 15 eQi n‡jI K_vmvwn‡Z¨ `yR‡bi Avwef©ve cÖvq KvQvKvwQ mg‡q| iex›`Öbv_ evsjv‡`‡ki
cvU PzwK‡q hLb kvwš—wb‡KZ‡b P‡j Av‡mb 1901 mv‡j, kirP›`Ö †m mgq †_‡KB †jLv‡jwLi RM‡Z cv iv‡Lb|
iex›`Öbv_ †h fviZx †ei Ki‡Zb, †mLv‡bB †jLv cvVvb kirP›`Ö Ges Zv QvcvI nq| †Kv‡bv GKUv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq
Mí cvwV‡q evg©v P‡j wM‡qwQ‡jb kirP›`Ö| wM‡q †kv‡bb Zuvi cvVv‡bv MíwUB cyi¯‹vi †c‡q‡Q| kirP›`Ö Aek¨
iex›`Öbv‡_i g‡Zv eûgyLx wQ‡jb bv| †Kej Mí-Dcb¨vm Avi wKQy cÖe‡Üi g‡a¨B mxgve× _v‡K Zuvi †jLbx-
cÖwZfv| ej‡Z wØav †bB, kirP‡›`Öi g‡Zv RbwcÖqZv iex›`Öbv_I cvbwb Zuvi K_vmvwn‡Zï wePv‡i|
1926 mv‡j kirP›`Ö cÖKvk K‡ib c‡_i `vwe| Dcb¨vmwU wQj Bs‡iR‡ì wei“‡×| G Dcb¨vm †jLvi Kvi‡Y
ûwjqv Rvwi n‡jv kirP‡›`Öi bv‡g| wZwb Kwe¸i“i Øvi¯’ n‡jb| iex›`Öbv_ †hb Bs‡iR‡ì KvD‡K e‡j †`b,
hv‡Z Zuvi wei“‡× Rvwi Kiv ûwjqv Zz‡j †bIqv nq| iex›`Öbv_ Zv K‡ibwb| gb Lvivc K‡iwQ‡jb kirP›`Ö| wKš‘
iex›`Öbv_ †Zv kirevey‡K we¯§„Z nbwb| Zuvi ÔmvaviY †g‡qÕ wk‡ivbv‡gi GKUv KweZvq wZwb kireveyi bvg a‡i
Zuvi Kv‡QB Ave`vi Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb, Zuv‡K wb‡q †hb mvaviY †g‡qi MíUv †jLv nq|
Avwg Aš—tcy‡ii †g‡q,
wPb‡e bv Avgv‡K|
†Zvgvi †kl M‡íi eBwU c‡owQ, kirevey,
Ôevwm dz‡ji gvjvÕ|
†Zvgvi bvwqKv G‡jv‡Kkxi giY-`kv a‡iwQj
cuqwÎk eQi eq‡m|
cuwPk eQi eq‡mi m‡½ wQj Zvi †ilv‡iwlÑ
†`L‡jg Zzwg gn`vkq e‡U,
70
wRwZ‡q w`‡j Zv‡K|

Ges GB KweZvi †fZi w`‡qB iex›`Öbv_ Zuvi 15 eQ‡ii †QvU GB MíKv‡ii †jLvi f‚qmx cÖksmv Ki‡ZI
Qv‡obwb|
Kx K‡i wRwZ‡q †`‡e?
D”P †Zvgvi gb, †Zvgvi †jLbx gnxqmx|
... ... ...
†Zvgvi mvwnZ¨mgªvU bv‡g co‡e Kj¼|
Avgvi `kv hvB †nvK,
Lv‡Uv †Kv‡iv bv †Zvgvi Kíbv...
Zzwg †Zv K…cY bI weavZvi g‡Zv|
bRi“j Qvov Avi †Kv‡bv Kwe ev †jLKi bv‡g iex›`Öbv_ Kvwe¨KZv K‡i‡Qb, GgbwU Avwg cwowb †Kv_vI|
iex›`Öbv‡_i g‡Zv m”QjZv wQj bv KL‡bvB kirP‡›`Öi| Zvi ciI wZwb ÔeveyÕ wQ‡jb| †m Avg‡j weËevb wn›`y
awbK‡kÖwYi †jvK‡ì ÔeveyÕ ejv n‡Zv| kirP‡›`Öi cÖvPzh© wQj Zuvi †jLbx‡Z|
MÖš’bMixi GB Agi K_vmvwnwZ¨‡Ki we¯—i f‚wgKv wQj bvUK I Pjw”P‡Î| evsjv fvlvq cÖ_g †h mevK
Pjw”PÎ wbg©vY Kiv nq, Zv Zuvi †`bv-cvIbv Dcb¨vm‡K wfwË K‡iB| evsjv, wnw›` I †Z‡j¸ fvlvq Zuvi 50wUi
†ewk Kvwnwbi wPÎiƒc †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| mv`vKv‡jvi hyM cvi n‡q eM ev÷vi ewjDwW weM ev‡R‡Ui Qwe Kivi
RbÏ Zuvi †è`vm‡K †e‡Q wb‡qwQ‡jb mÄqjxjv evbmvjx| GB †è`vm-Gi g‡Zv Agi †cÖgKvwnwb wb‡q
c„w_ex‡Z Lye Kg Dcb¨vmB †jLv n‡q‡Q|
Z‡e iex›`Öbv_ †hfv‡e KjKvZvq Av‡Qb, kirP›`Ö †bB| nq‡Zv _vKvi K_vI wQj bv| iex›`Öbv‡_i 15 eQi ci
Rš§ wb‡q, Zuvi 6 eQi Av‡M wZwb c„w_ex †Q‡o hvb| †kl eq‡m KjKvZvi evwjM‡Ä GKUv evwo Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb
wZwb| evMvb‡Niv †`vPvjv wU‡bi Ni, ga¨we‡Ëi evwo| GUvB KL‡bv KL‡bv †KŠZ‚njx ch©UK‡ì †U‡b wb‡q hvq
†fZ‡i|
KjKvZvi wewfbœ RvqMvq A‡bK cÖw_Zhkv gvb‡ei Ave¶g~wZ© †`Lv †M‡jI kirP‡›`Öi †Kv‡bv fv¯‹h© Avgvi
†Pv‡L c‡owb| Z‡e †hvacyi cv‡K©i †Kvbvq GK hvÎxQvDwb‡Z PviRb wewkóR‡bi Qwe Gu‡K Zuv‡ì cwiwPwZ †Ìqv
Av‡Q| Gu‡ì g‡a¨ Ck¦iP›`Ö we`¨vmvMi, wØ‡R›`Öjvj ivq I m¨vi RM`xkP›`Ö emyi cv‡k GB Agi K_vwkíx
kirP‡›`Öi QweUv †`‡L Avwg LyeB cÖxZ n‡qwQ|
KjKvZvq bRi“j I iex›`Öbv_

evsjv‡`‡ki mvwnZ¨‡cÖgxiv iex›`Öbv‡_i bv‡gi cvkvcvwk bRi“‡ji bvgI eënvi K‡i _v‡Kb| A‡bK RvqMv‡ZB
iex›`Ö-bRi“jRqš—x GKm‡½ cvjb Kiv nq| bRi“‡ji Rš§ KjKvZv †_‡K cÖvq 80 gvBj `~‡ii GK
ARcvovMuv‡qi `wi`ª cwiev‡i iex›`Öbv‡_i R‡š§i 38 eQi ci| GKmgq fviZx‡Z wK‡kvi bRi“‡ji KweZv
Qvcv n‡j iex›`Öbv‡_i bR‡i Av‡mb wZwb| iex›`Öbv‡_i †KŠZ‚n‡ji Lei Rvb‡Z †c‡i bRi“j †`Lv Ki‡Z hvb
†Rvovmuv‡Kvi VvKzievwo‡Z| wKš‘ c‡i fv‡jv K‡i cwiPq nq kvwš—wb‡KZ‡b| iex›`Ö I bRi“‡ji m¤úK© wQj
¸i“-wk‡lï g‡Zv| iex›`Öbv_‡K wb‡q ÔZx_© cw_KÕ bv‡gi KweZvq bRi“j †j‡LbÑ
Zzwg mÖóvi †kÖô m„wó we‡k¦i we¯§q,Ñ
Ze ¸Y-Mv‡b fvlv-myi †hb me n‡q hvq jq|
... ... ...
cÖv_©bv †gvi, hw` Avevi Rwš§ G aiYx‡ZÑ
Avwm †hb Mvnb Kwi‡Z †Zvgvi Kve¨-Mx‡Z\
1922 mv‡ji 11 AvM÷ KjKvZv †_‡K bRi“‡ji cwiPvjbvq cÖKvwkZ nq Aa©-mvßvwnK a~g‡KZz| iex›`Öbv_
VvKzi a~g‡KZzi Avkxe©vYx‡Z †j‡LbÑ
KvRx bRi“j Bmjvg Kj¨vYx‡qly,
Avq P‡j Avq, †i a~g‡KZz
Auvav‡i euva AwMœ‡mZz
`yw`©‡bi GB `yM©wk‡i
Dwo‡q †` †Zvi weRq †KZb!
71
1923 mv‡ji 22 †deª“qvwi iex›`Öbv_ VvKzi Zuvi emš— MxwZbvU¨ bRi“j‡K DrmM© K‡ib Avi bRi“j Zuvi
mwÂZv Kve¨MÖš’wU iex›`Öbv_ VvKzi‡K DrmM© K‡ib| bRi“j mwÂZv DrmM©c‡Î wj‡L‡Qb, Ôwek¦Kwe mgªvU
kÖxiex›`Öbv_ VvKzi kÖx kÖxPiYviwe‡›`lyÕ|
1923 mv‡ji 17 †g kirP›`Ö ev‡R-wkecyi nveov †_‡K jxjvivYx M‡½vcva¨vq‡K †jLv wPwV‡Z wj‡L‡Qb, ÔûMjx
†R‡j Avgv‡ì Kwe KvRx bRi“j Bmjvg Dcyl Kwiqv gigi nBqv‡Q| †ejv 1Uvi Mvwo‡Z hvB‡ZwQ, †`wL hw`
†`Lv Kwi‡Z †`q I w`‡j Avgvi Aby‡iv‡a hw` †m Avevi LvB‡Z ivwR nq| bv nB‡j Zvi †Kv‡bv Avkv †`wL bv|
GKRb mwZ¨Kvi Kwe| iwe evey Qvov Avi †evanq Ggb †KD Avi GZ eo Kwe bvB|Õ
†kl ch©š—, †ønfvRb bRi“‡ji Abk‡b wePwjZ n‡q iex›`Öbv_ Zuv‡K †UwjMÖvg K‡ib GB e‡j: ÔGive up
hunger strike, our literature claims you’.
1941 mv‡ji 7 AvM÷ evsjv 1348 m‡bi 22 kÖveY †ejv 12Uv 11 wgwb‡U iex›`Öbv‡_i gnvcÖqvY NUj|
iex›`Öbv‡_i g„Zz¨msev` †kvbvi m‡½ m‡½ bRi“j iPbv K‡ib †kvK-KweZv Ôiwe nvivÕÑ
`ycy‡ii iwe cwoqv‡Q X‡j A¯— c‡_i †Kv‡j
kÖveY †gN Qy‡U Gj `‡j `‡j
D`vm MMb-Z‡j|
we‡k¦i iwe fvi‡Zi Kwe,
k¨vg evsjvi nƒ`‡qi Qwe|
Zzwg P‡j hv‡e e‡j|
we`v‡qi †ejv Pz¤^b j‡q hvq Ze kÖxPi‡Y,
†h †jv‡KB _vK nZfvM¨ G RvwZ‡i ivwLI g‡b|
iex›`Öbv‡_i g„Zzï ci bRi“j Ômvjvg A¯—-iweÕ bv‡g AviI GKwU KweZv wj‡LwQ‡jb| GB KweZvwUI
KjKvZv †eZvi †K›`Ö †_‡K cÖPvwiZ nq|
kZ iƒ‡c i‡O jxjv-wb‡KZb Avjvi `ywbqv‡K
ivOvq †h Rb, Avjvi K…cv m`v Zuv‡i wN‡i _v‡K|
Zzwg †hb †mB †Lv`vi ing G‡mwQ‡j iƒc a‡i,
Av‡kwi/// Qvqv †`LvBqvwQ‡j iƒ‡ci Avwk© f‡i|
iex›`Öbv‡_i g„Zz¨‡Z †kvKvnZ †`kevmxi D‡Ï‡k bRi“j MvbI iPbv K‡iwQ‡jbÑ
NygvB‡Z `vI, kvš— iwe‡i RvMv‡qv bv|
mviv Rxeb †h Av‡jv w`j †W‡K Zvi Nyg fvOv‡qv bv|
cwðge‡½ Rš§ †bIqv G Kwe c~e©e‡½i RvZxq Kwe wn‡m‡e Av‡Qb 1976 mvj †_‡K| Zuvi iwPZ ÔPj& Pj& Pj&,
EaŸ©MM‡b ev‡R gv`jÕ evsjv‡`‡ki iYmsMxZ wn‡m‡e M„nxZ| bRi“‡ji Rš§ I g„Zzëvwl©Kx cÖwZeQi we‡klfv‡e
D`&hvwcZ nq| bRi“‡ji ¯§„wZweRwoZ wÎkv‡j (evsjv‡`‡ki gqgbwmsn †Rjvq) 2005 mv‡j ÔRvZxq Kwe KvRx
bRi“j Bmjvg wek¦we`¨vjqÕ bv‡g miKvwi wek¦we`¨vjq cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q|
evsjv‡`‡ki ivRavbx XvKvq Kwei ¯§„wZ‡Z ÔbRi“j GKv‡WgxÕ, I wkï msMVb Ôevsjv‡`k bRi“j †mbvÕ
¯’vwcZ nq| G Qvov miKvwifv‡e ¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q M‡elYv cÖwZôvb ÔbRi“j Bbw÷wUDUÕ| XvKv kn‡ii GKwU cÖavb
mo‡Ki bvgI ivLv n‡q‡Q ÔKvRx bRi“j Bmjvg A¨vwfwbDÕ|
KjKvZvq Zuvi bv‡g GKUv gÂ Av‡Q, †ejNwoqvi i_Zjv‡ZÑÔbRi“j gÂÕ, †hLv‡b Ô†Wvfvi †jb msMxZ
DrmeÕ n‡q _v‡K| Zuvi Rš§-MÖvg Pzi“wjqvq ÔbRi“j GKv‡WwgÕ bv‡g GKwU †emiKvwi bRi“j-PP©v †K›`Ö
Av‡Q| Pzi“wjqvi Kv‡Q Avmvb‡mvj gnvbM‡i 2012 mv‡j ÔKvRx bRi“j wek¦we`¨vjqÕ ¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
Avmvb‡mv‡ji Kv‡QB `yM©vcyi gnvbM‡ii jv‡Mvqv Avš—R©vwZK wegvbe›ìwUi bvg ivLv n‡q‡Q ÔKvRx bRi“j
Bmjvg Avš—R©vwZK wegvbe›ìÕ| DËi PweŸk ciMbv †Rjvq Aew¯’Z †bZvwR myfvlP›`Ö emy Avš—R©vwZK
wegvbe›ì †_‡K ivRavbx KjKvZvi †hvMv‡hvM i¶vKvix cÖavb moKwUi bvg ivLv n‡q‡Q ÔKvRx bRi“j Bmjvg
miwYÕ| KjKvZv †g‡Uªvi Mwoqv evRvi †g‡Uªv †÷kbwUi bvgI ivLv n‡q‡Q ÔKwe bRi“j †g‡Uªv †÷kbÕ|
Z‡e gyL¨gš¿x ggZv e¨vbvwR© bRi“‡ji cÖwZ h‡_ó ggZvgqx| Zuvi 115Zg Rš§w`‡b Zuvi cÖwZK…wZ‡Z Øxc
R¡vwj‡q‡Qb, dzj w`‡q‡Qb Avi KjKvZvq AvaywbK ¯’vcZävivq wbg©vY K‡i‡Qb GKwU mvs¯‹…wZK I wk¶v‡K›`Ö|
bvg w`‡q‡Qb ÔKweZx_©Õ| GwU wbD UvDb KjKvZvi wWGjGd AÂ‡j Aew¯’Z| we‡`ªvnx Kwe KvRx bRi“j
Bmjv‡gi 115Zg Rš§evwl©Kx Dcj‡¶ 2014 mv‡ji 24 †g wZwb GB †K›`ÖwUi D‡Øvab K‡ib| cÖvq 60 †KvwU
72
i“wc LiP K‡i 1 jvL eM©dzU GjvKv wb‡q evbv‡bv GB mvs¯‹…wZK †K‡›`Ö bRi“‡ji KweZv, Mvb, cÖeÜ BZ¨vw`
†_‡K †gvwUd eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q|
KjKvZvi Kv‡QB PweŸk ciMbv| G †Rjv‡ZB bRi“‡ji Rš§ n‡qwQj| GLvbKviB GKUv †QvU gd¯^j kni
ga¨gMÖvg| GLv‡b bRi“‡ji Rš§kZZgevwl©Kx‡Z GKwU kxZvZc wbqwš¿Z wgjbvqZb evwb‡q‡Q ga¨gMÖvg
†cŠimfv| bvg w`‡q‡Q ÔbRi“j kZevwl©Kx m`bÕ| GLv‡b 2012 mv‡j Avgvi †jLv gnvR‡bi bvI gÂbvUK wb‡q
wM‡q †`wL, cÖqvZ n‡q‡Qb Ggb Pvi evOvwj †jLK-wkíxi wekvjvK…wZi †cv‡Uª©U Szwj‡q ivLv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡bI
cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Qwei m‡½ †`wL iex›`Öbv_ Av‡Qb|
ˆmq` gy¯—dv wmiv‡Ri Qwei Ic‡i iex›`Öbv‡_i MvbÑÔ†K e‡j †Mv †mB cÖfv‡Z †bB AvwgÕ, †gvwnZ
P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi Qwei Ic‡i †jLvÑÔbqb mgy‡L Zzwg bvB, bq‡bi gvSLv‡b wb‡qQ †h VuvBÕ, cwÊZ iwek¼‡ii gv_vi
Ici Av‡QÑÔùvwo‡q AvQ Zzwg Avgvi Mv‡bi Icv‡iÕ Avi mybxj M‡½vcva¨v‡qi nv‡m¨v¾¡j gy‡Li Ic‡i †jLvÑÔbqb
†Zvgv‡i cvq bv †`wL‡Z i‡q‡Qv bq‡b bq‡bÕ| welqUv Ggb ùvwo‡q‡Q †h, Avgv‡ì mg¯— †kvK-Zvc-M-vwb-
fv‡jvevmv cÖKv‡k Avgiv iex›`Öbv‡_B wbf©i|
gwievi n‡jv Zuvi mva

bRi“‡ji m‡½ GKB eQi evsjv‡`‡ki ewikv‡j Rš§ †bIqv Av‡iK Kwe Rxebvb›` `v‡ki m‡½ KjKvZvi A‡bK
m¤úK©| KjKvZvi evwjM‡Äi w`K †_‡K Avm‡Z _vKv †Kv‡bv Uªvg Avm‡Z †`L‡jB Avgvi g‡b nq, GiKg GKUv
Uªv‡gi wb‡P c‡oB eywS Rxebvb›` `vk gviv wM‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘ K”QcMwZi GB Uªvg¸‡jv †`‡L wek¦vm nq bv †h, Gi
Zjvq c‡o gvbyl gi‡Z cv‡i|
1954 mv‡ji 14 A‡±vei Zvwi‡L KjKvZvi evwjM‡Ä GK Uªvg `yN©Ubvq wZwb cÖ_‡g AvnZ nb| Uªv‡gi K¨vPv‡i
AvU‡K Zuvi kixi `wjZ n‡q wM‡qwQj| †f‡O wM‡qwQj KÉv, Ei“ Ges cuvR‡ii nvo| ¸i“Zifv‡e AvnZ
Rxebvb‡›ì wPrKvi ï‡b Qy‡U G‡m wbKU¯’ Pv‡qi †`vKv‡bi gvwjK Pzbxjvj Ges Abïv Zuv‡K D×vi K‡ib|
cwðge‡½i Z`vbxš—b gyL¨gš¿x Wv. weavbP›`Ö ivq Kwe‡K †`L‡Z G‡mwQ‡jb| AvnZ Kwei mywPwKrmvi wb‡`©k
w`‡qwQ‡jb| hwÌ Gme wPwKrmvq Zuvi †Zgb wKQy DbœwZ nqwb| wPwKrmK I †mweKv‡ì hveZxq cÖ‡Póv wedj
K‡i w`‡q 1954 mv‡ji 22 A‡±vei ZvwiL ivZ 11Uv 35 wgwb‡U KjKvZvi k¤¢zbv_ cwÊZ nvmcvZv‡j Zuvi g„Zz¨
nq| Ave`yj gvbœvb ˆmq`mn KviI KviI aviYv, AvÍnZ¨v¯ú„nvB Rxebvb‡›ì `yN©Ubvi g~j KviY| MZ 100 eQ‡i
Uªvg `yN©Ubvq KjKvZvq g„‡Zi msL¨v gvÎ GKwU| wZwb Avi †KD bb, Kwe Rxebvb›` `vk|
GB Kwei m‡½ KjKvZvi mL¨ wQj A‡bK| †`k wefv‡Mi wKQy Av‡M wZwb ewikv‡ji weGg K‡jR †_‡K QywU
wb‡q GB gnvbM‡i G‡mwQ‡jb| QywU evwo‡q KjKvZvq `xN© K‡qK gvm Ae¯’vb K‡ib| Zvici KjKvZvq
¯’vqxfv‡e emevm Kivi e¨vcv‡i wm×vš— wb‡q †d‡jb| KjKvZvq wZwb ˆ`wbK ¯îvR cwÎKvi †iveev‡ii mvwnZ¨
wefv‡Mi m¤úv`bvi KvR ïi“ K‡ib| wKš‘ GB PvKwii ¯’vwqZ¡ wQj gvÎ mvZ gvm| KvRx bRi“j Bmjvg-welqK
GKwU M`ïPbv gvwjK c‡¶i gbtc~Z bv nIqvq Zuvi GB PvKwiPz¨wZ|
Rxebvb›` KjKvZvi mvwnwZ¨K mgv‡R wbR¯^ GKwU Ae¯’vb ˆZwi K‡i wb‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb ÔmgKvjxb
mvwnZ¨‡K›`ÖÕ bv‡g GKwU ms¯’vi mn-mfvcwZ wbe©vwPZ nb| GB ms¯’vi gyLcÎ Ø›Ø cwÎKvi Ab¨Zg m¤úv`K wbhy³
nb| gv‡S wZwb wKQyKvj LoMcyi K‡j‡R Aa¨vcbv K‡ib| 1952 wLªóv‡ã Zuvi RbwcÖq KweZvi eB ebjZv †mb
wmM‡bU †cÖm †_‡K cwiewa©Z AvKv‡i cÖKvwkZ nq| eBwU ÔwbwLj e½ iex›`ÖmvwnZ¨ m‡¤§jbÕ †NvwlZ Ôiex›`Ö-¯§„wZ
cyi¯‹viÕ Rq K‡i †bq Ges 1955 mv‡j fviZ miKv‡ii ÔmvwnZ¨ GKv‡Wwg cyi¯‹viÕ jvf K‡i|
Av”Qv, iex›`Öbv‡_i m‡½ Rxebvb‡›ì wK †Kv‡bv Sv‡gjv wQj? `yR‡bi g‡a¨ †h †hvMv‡hvM wQj, †m e¨vcv‡i
wbwðZ nIqv †M‡Q| Rxebvb›`‡K †jLv iex›`Öbv‡_i `ywU wPwV Zv-B cÖgvY K‡i| cÖ_g wPwV‡Z Zuvi KweZv wb‡q
iex›`Öbv_ wj‡LwQ‡jb, Ô†Zvgvi KweZ¡kw³ Av‡Q Zv‡Z m‡›`ngvÎ †bB| wKš‘ fvlv cÖf…wZ wb‡q GZ Rei`w¯— Ki
†Kb eyS‡Z cvwi‡b| Kv‡eï gy`vª ‡`vlUv I¯—v`x‡K cwinwmZ K‡i|Õ c‡i Av‡iKUv wPwV‡Z †j‡Lb, Ô†Zvgvi
KweZv¸wj c‡o Lywk n‡qwQ| †Zvgvi †jLvq im Av‡Q, ¯^KxqZv Av‡Q Ges ZvwK‡q †`Lvi Avb›` Av‡Q|Õ
M`¨Q‡›ì KweZv huviv †m mgq †jLv ïi“ K‡ib, Zuv‡ì ejv n‡Zv iex›`Öejqgy³ Kwe| GKmgq iex›`Öbv_I
M`¨Q‡›` †jLv ïi“ K‡ib| Aek¨ M`¨Q›` wb‡q Zuvi gZ wQj Ggb †h, Ô†h‡nZz M`¨ mnR, †mB Kvi‡YB M`¨Q›`
mnR bq|...†m bv‡P bv, †m P‡j| †m mn‡R P‡j e‡jB Zvi MwZ me©Î| †mB MwZfw½ Aveuvav| wf‡oi †Quvqv
euvwP‡q †cvkvwK kvoxi cÖvš— Zz‡j-aiv Ava‡NvgUv-Uvbv mveavb Pvj Zvi bq|Õ
73
iex›`Öbv‡_i c‡ii hy‡Mi Kweiv AvaywbK KweZv wjL‡Z ïi“ K‡ib| G KweZv wb‡q iex›`Öbv_ Lye cwRwUfB
wQ‡jb| e‡jwQ‡jb, ÔAvaywbK Kweiv †h wgj eR©b K‡i jvBb †f‡O †f‡O KweZv iPbv Ki‡Q Zv‡Z wKQy †`vl
†bB|Õ
Rxebvb‡›ì `yB eQ‡ii †QvU Ges wesk kZ‡Ki wÎ‡ki `k‡Ki †h cuvPRb Kwe evsjv KweZvq iex›`Ö -cÖfve
KvwU‡q AvaywbKZvi m~Pbv NUvb, Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ myax›`Öbv_ Ab¨Zg| Zuv‡K evsjv KweZvq Ôaª“cw` ixwZi cÖeZ©KÕ
ejv nq| myax›`Öbv_ `‡Ëi KweZv wb‡q iex›`Öbv‡_i gZvgZ wQj GiKg, Ômyax‡›`Öi Kve¨‡K Mvj w`‡qI
mgv‡jvP‡Kiv m¤§vwbZ K‡iwb GwU Avgvi Avðh© †eva nq (ey×‡è emy‡K cÎ)|Õ Av‡iK RvqMvq wj‡L‡Qb, Ôevsjv
mvwn‡Z¨ Zzwg h_v_©B AvaywbK wKš‘ †Zvgvi Kve¨ AvaywbK‡Z¡i †fK aviY Ki‡Z D‡c¶v K‡i‡Q|...Kv‡e¨ †Zvgvi
GKvš— ¯^KxqZv Avi mg¯— wKQy‡K AwZµg K‡i cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| †Zvgvi KweZv †hLvb †_‡KB Zvi Mqbv wbK bv
iƒc †Zv ZviBÑwb‡Ri †Pnviv eÜK †i‡L †m wKQyB avi †bqwb (myax›`Öbv_ `Ë‡K cÎ)|Õ
myax›`Öbv_ `‡Ëi M`¨ wb‡q iex›`Öbv‡_i gZvgZ wQj, ‘†Zvgvi M`¨ `yM©g G ms¯‹viUv A‡bK cwigv‡Y
AwZK…Z, RbkÖ“wZi cybi“w³ Ges AZz¨w³i Dc‡i †m †e‡o D‡V‡Q (myax›`Öbv_ `Ë‡K cÎ)|Õ
weòz †` wZwi‡ki `k‡Ki Av‡iK weL¨vZ Kwe, †jLK Ges wPÎmgv‡jvPK| 1923 mv‡j K‡jvj cwÎKv
cÖKv‡ki gva¨‡g †h mvwnZ¨ Av‡›`vj‡bi m~Pbv n‡qwQj, Kwe weòz †` Zvi GKRb w`kvwi| 1930 mv‡j K‡jvj-
Gi cÖKvkbv eÜ n‡q †M‡j wZwb myax›`Öbv_ `‡Ëi cwiPq cwÎKvq †hvM`vb K‡ib Ges Gi GKRb m¤úv`K wn‡m‡e
1947 mvj ch©š— KvR K‡ib| weòz †ì m‡½ wkíx hvwgbx iv‡qi eÜzZ¡ wQj| G Kvi‡Y wZwb A¼bwk‡íi Ici
wKQy eB iPbv K‡ib| 1958 mv‡j iex›`Öbv‡_i Qwe wb‡q eB †j‡Lb `¨ †cw›Usm Ae iex›`Öbv_ †U‡Mvi|
iex›`Öbv_‡K wb‡q †jLv Zuvi eB¸‡jv n‡”Q: Zzwg ïay cuwP‡k êkvL (1958), iex›`Öbv_ I wkí mvwnZ¨ AvaywbKZvi
mgm¨v, gvB‡Kj iex›`Öbv_ I Ab¨vb¨ wRÁvmv (1967)| weòz †ì KweZv wb‡q iex›`Öbv_ wZbwU wPwV‡Z †h gZvgZ
w`‡qwQ‡jb, Zv wQj Ggb, Ôweòz †ì KweZ¡kw³ Av‡Q wKš‘ Zv‡K gy`vª ‡`v‡l †c‡q‡Q, †mUv `ye©jZv| we‡`wk
†cŠivwYK ev †fŠ‡MvwjK Dcgv †Kv‡bv we‡kl KweZvi Awbevh© cÖvmw½KZvq Avm‡ZI cv‡i wKš‘ G¸‡jv cÖvqB hw`
Zvi iPbvq cwiKxY© n‡q AvPgKv †nuvPU jvMv‡Z _v‡K Z‡e ej‡ZB n‡e GUv Rei`w¯—|Õ Avevi e¨w³MZfv‡e
wjL‡Qb, Ô†Zvgvi iPbv‡K Ggb `y‡f©`¨ †Kjvq evmv w`‡qQ †h Avgvi gb †`qv‡j †V‡KB †Nv‡i| Af¨¯— Av`‡k©
wePvi Ki‡Z cvwi‡b Ab¨ Av`k© Avgvi Rvbv †bB|Õ cwi‡k‡l G-I ej‡Qb, ÔGK iKg bZzbZ¡ Av‡Q †hUv Kvq`vi
bZzbZ¡, †mUvi AwZK…wZB †Pv‡L c‡oÑAvi GK iKg Av‡Q †hUv‡Z gvby‡liB wb‡Ri e¨w³Z¡ cÖKvk K‡i, g‡b n‡”Q
†Zvgvi g‡a¨ †mB wRwbmUv Av‡Q|Õ
ey×‡è emy wesk kZvãxi wek I wÎ‡ki `k‡Ki bZzb KveïxwZi m~P bvKvix Kwe wn‡m‡e mgv`„Z| Aí eqm
†_‡KB KweZv iPbv K‡i‡Qb, †Q‡j RywU‡q bvU‡Ki `j ˆZwi K‡i‡Qb| cÖMwZ I K‡jvj bv‡g `ywU cwÎKvq
†jLvi AwfÁZv m¤^j K‡i †h K‡qKRb Zi“Y evOvwj †jLK iex›`Öbv_ VvKz‡ii RxeÏkv‡ZB iex›`Öbv‡_i
cÖfv‡ei evB‡i m‡i ùvov‡bvi `ytmvnm K‡iwQ‡jb, wZwb Zuv‡ì Ab¨Zg| iex›`Ö-ejq †_‡K †ewi‡qwQ‡jbI Zuviv|
iex›`Ö-KweZvi mgv‡jvPbv Kivi g‡Zv mvnm ZLb ZuvivB †`wL‡qwQ‡jb| ZvB e‡j iex›`Öbv_‡K ¸i“i Avmb †_‡K
mivbwb †KDB|
Avgvi my‡hvM nqwb Gu‡ì KviI m‡½ †`Lv ev K_v ejvi| wKš‘ Zuv‡ìB †hvM¨ GK DËim~wi mybxj
M‡½vcva¨v‡qi m‡½ XvKvq wKQy mgq KvwU‡qwQjvg GKw`b|
XvKvq mybxj
†Mj kZ‡Ki mËi `k‡Ki gvSvgvwS †_‡K beŸB‡qi `k‡Ki gvSvgvwS ch©š— mgqRy‡o Avwg A‡bK †ewk
wdKk‡bi †cvKv wQjvg| KweZv, Mí, Dcb¨v‡m A‡bK †ewk AvMÖn wQj Avgvi| Ges ej‡Z wØav †bB, KjKvZvi
†jLK‡ì w`‡KB †P‡q _vKZvg †ewk| nq Zv‡ì kvi`xqv †`k, bq bxj‡¶Z †_‡K m¯—vq †Kbv Wzwc‡KU ev
†m‡KÛn¨vÛ Mí-Dcb¨v‡mi eB| gv‡Sg‡a¨ `y-GKUv KweZviI|
†jLvi f³ nIqvi ci gv‡Sg‡a¨ †jLK‡ì †`L‡Z B‡”Q K‡i| huviv g‡i †M‡Qb, Zuv‡ì K_v ev`| huviv †eu‡P
Av‡Qb, Zuv‡ì †`L‡Z B‡”Q nq| KjKvZvi IB me †jLK Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q ZviKv| KjKvZvq cÖ_g md‡iB Avwg
†ek KqR‡bi m‡½ †`Lv Kwi| evsjv‡`‡k †`Lv nq mybxj M‡½vcva¨v‡qi m‡½ GKevi, Zuvi g„Zzï eQi `yB Av‡M|
XvKvq mybxj M‡½vcva¨v‡qi K`‡ii †kl †bB| Avwg Zuv‡K eû Abyôv‡b †`‡LwQ| cÖ_g †`wL evsjv 1400 mb
D`&hvc‡bi mgq| wZwb evsjv GKv‡Wwgi Abyôv‡b e³…Zv w`‡q‡Qb| e‡j‡Qb, wZwb LyeB fvMëvb, KviY cici `yB
w`‡b `yB evsjvq GKB Drme wZwb D‡Øvab Ki‡jb|
74
mybxj Mv½ywji Rxe‡bi †kl w`‡K †ewk Avmv-hvIqv n‡Zv Zuvi Dcb¨vm †_‡K evbv‡bv Qwei Abyôv‡b| mybx‡ji
Dcb¨vm wb‡q mZ¨wRr †hgb, †Zgwb †MŠZg †NvlI Qwe evwb‡q‡Qb| evsjv‡`k KL‡bv KL‡bv †mme Qwei †hŠ_
cÖ‡hvRKI wQj|
mybxj M‡½vcva¨v‡qi m‡½ nygvq~b Avn‡g‡ì Lye mL¨ wQj| nygvq~b Avn‡g` Zuvi eo †g‡qi we‡qi Abyôv‡b
mybxj-¯^vZx‡K †`‡k Avwb‡qwQ‡jb, Zuvi evMvbevwo‡Z eo K‡i DrmeI WvKv n‡qwQj|
2010 mv‡ji 30 †m‡Þ¤î| mybxj M‡½vcva¨vq XvKv G‡m‡Qb g‡bi gvbyl Qwei wcÖwgqv‡i| m‡½ †MŠZg †Nvl|
mg‡ik gRyg`viI Av‡Qb| Qwei wcÖwgqv‡ii Av‡Mi w`b XvKv K¬v‡ei wmbnv jvD‡Ä dwi`yi †iRv mvM‡ii GKUv
wkï‡Zvl eB‡qi cÖKvkbv Drme wQj| cÖavb AwZw_ nygvq~b Avn‡g`, D‡ØvaK mybxj M‡½vcva¨vq| Abyôvb †k‡l
`ycy‡ii LvIqvi Av‡M wb‡Pi jvD‡Ä AvÇvq e‡m‡Qb mybxj M‡½vcva¨vq, †ejvj †PŠayix, nygvq~b Avn‡g`, kvIb,
¯’cwZ Avey Kwig I gvRnvi| Zuv‡ì m‡½ AvwQ AvwgI| G Avm‡i mybxj M‡½vcva¨v‡qi Kv‡Q evèvwK mevB
cwiwPZ| ïay Avwg A‡Pbv| Avgv‡K cwiPq Kwi‡q †`b nygvq~b Avn‡g` Ges cwiPq †Ìqvi mgq Avwg †hme KvR
Kwi, Zvi †P‡q A‡bK ¸Y evwo‡q evwo‡q ej‡jb| Zuvi †mB eY©bvi GKUv Ask wQj GiKg: Ô†m Lye fv‡jv
ågYKvwnwb †j‡L Ges †ek wKQy AmvaviY Uªv‡fj WKz‡g›Uvwi evwb‡q‡Q...|Õ nygvq~b Avn‡g‡ì K_v †kl n‡j
mybxj M‡½vcva¨vq Avgvi †`kågY wb‡q Rvb‡Z Pvb| Avwg wKš‘ Zuv‡K RvbvBwb †h cÖ_gevi fviZ-åg‡Yi Rb¨
Avwg GB mybxj Mv½ywji bvg eënvi K‡iwQjvg Avgvi wfmvi Av‡e`bc‡Î| Avgv‡ì K_v nq Zuvi wKQy AvÍ‰RewbK
†jLv, ågYKvwnwb Avi Avgvi cov c~e©-cwðg, cÖ_g Av‡jv wb‡q| mybx‡ji c~e©-cwðg, †mB mgq Avi cÖ_g
Av‡jvÑGB wZbwU Dcb¨v‡mi †fZi w`‡q Avwg cÖvq 200 eQ‡ii KjKvZv‡K †`L‡Z †c‡qwQjvg| †mLv‡b
iex›`Öbv_I Avgvi Kv‡Q Rxeš— n‡q D‡VwQ‡jb Zuvi cvwil`mn| Avwg c‡i †Ui †c‡qwQjvg, nygvq~b Avn‡g`
h‡_ó wei³ n‡qwQ‡jb Avgvi Ici| mybxj‡K †Kb GZ ¸i“Z¡ w`‡q K_v e‡jwQ, Zuvi Qwe Zz‡jwQ, Gme Kvi‡Y|
c‡i GKevi SMovI nq G wb‡q| G SMovq nygvq~b Avn‡g` †n‡i hvb Avgvi Kv‡Q| nygvq~b gvb‡Z ivwR wQ‡jb
bv †h †eu‡P _vKv †jLK‡ì g‡a¨ `yB evsjvi †miv M`¨‡jLK mybxj M‡½vcva¨vq| Avgvi aviYv nq‡Zv fzjB wQj|
KviY, mg‡ik gRyg`viI G K_v gvb‡Z ivwR nbwb| wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb, mybxj KweZv‡ZB †miv| e‡jwQ‡jb,
iex›`Öbv‡_i ci eo K_vmvwnwZ¨K mg‡ik emy|
KjKvZvq mg‡ik
Avgvi Zvi“‡Y¨ mg‡ik gRyg`v‡ii ÔAwb‡gl wUªjwRÕ cov wQj| Kvj‡ejv, Kvjcyi“l, DËivwaKviÑGB wZbwU
Dcb¨vmB Zuvi gv÷vi wcm ch©v‡qi| Gici wbðqB AviI A‡bK Dcb¨vm I Mí wj‡L‡Qb mg‡ik, wKš‘ †m¸‡jv
Avgvi †Zgb cov nqwb|
†mB mg‡ik gRyg`vi‡K †c‡q hvB KjKvZvi eB‡gjvq| 2014 mv‡ji †deª“qvwi‡Z KjKvZvi eB‡gjvq
Avmv evsjv‡`wk cÖKvkK‡ì `yRb Avgvi Nwbô eÜz| Zuv‡ì PvcvPvwc‡Z G‡mwQ| m½ w`w”Q| _vwK wbD gv‡K©‡Ui
Kv‡Q wcqvi‡jm †nv‡U‡j| GKw`b gvRnvi (Ab¨ cÖKv‡ki cÖavb wbe©vnx gvRnvi“j Bmjvg) ejj, Ômg‡ik `v
wKš‘ Lye AvÇvevR, WvKe bvwK?Õ
Ôe‡jv Kx! Avgvi †Zv LyeB cQ‡›ì †jLK| Wv‡Kv|Õ
Gev‡ii eB‡gjvq we‡kl GKwU w`b wQj evsjv‡`k wb‡q| evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii ms¯‹…wZwelqK gš¿x,
ms¯‹…wZmwPe, wk¶vmwPe, evsjv GKv‡Wwgi gnvcwiPvjK, bRi“j Bbw÷wUD‡Ui cwiPvjK G‡m‡Qb G Dcj‡¶|
evsjv‡`‡ki K‡qKRb eo cÖKvkKI Av‡Qb| Avgv‡ì m‡½ Av‡Qb ÔAemiÕ-Gi ¯^Z¡vwaKvix AvjgMxi ingvb,
ÔcÖZxK cÖKvkbxÕi cÖZxK ingvb, ÔAb¨cÖKvkÕ-Gi gvRnvi“j Bmjvg, wmivRyj Kwei †PŠayix Kgj, wm½vcyi †_‡K
KjKvZv eB‡gjv †`L‡Z Avmv †jLK I eëmvqx knx` †nv‡mb †LvKb| Avgiv wZb-PviUv i“g wb‡q _vwK wbD
gv‡K©‡Ui Kv‡Q Ôwcqvi‡jm BbÕ-G| Gi g‡a¨ GKw`b ivZ mv‡o AvUUvi w`‡K Avgv‡ì AvÇvq G‡m †hvM †`b
A‡bK mvovRvMv‡bv Dcb¨v‡mi iPwqZv mg‡ik gRyg`viI|
Avgv‡ì GB AvÇvq Avwg Avi wm½vcywi †LvKb mg‡ik gRyg`v‡ii Kv‡Q cÖ_g cwiwPZ, evwK mevi m‡½ eû
eQ‡ii Rvbv‡kvbv, †jLK-cÖKvkKMZ †jb‡`b| Avjvc Rgv‡bvi ïi“‡Z Zuv‡K ewj, Ô`v`v, Awb‡gl GLb †Kgb
Av‡Qb? Kx Ki‡Qb?Õ
LvwbKUv Pg‡K hvb mg‡ik gRyg`vi| Zuv‡K Avwg ewj, 1987 mv‡j nvmcvZv‡ji weQvbvq ï‡q Zuvi
DËivwaKvi c‡owQjvg| Zvici Avi †Zgb wKQy cwowb| wKš‘ †LuvR ivwL|
75
Lye gRv K‡i GKUv Kvwnwb ej‡jb wZwb XvKvi| GKevi Zuvi m‡½ †`Lv Ki‡Z G‡m‡Q GK mvsevw`K hyMj|
†g‡qwU e‡j, Zvi bvg gvayixjZv; †Q‡jwU ejj, †m Awb‡gl|
Avgv‡ì AvÇv P‡j `yB evsjvi †jLK‡ì wb‡q| AvÇvi GB ZvwjKvwU ïi“ nq Bg`v`yj nK wgjb I
Zmwjgv bvmwib w`‡q| Zvici K_v ewj nvmvb AvwRRyj nK, †mwjbv †nv‡mb, gyn¤§` Rvdi BKevj, Avwbmyj nK
cÖgyL K_vmvwnwZ¨‡Ki †jLv wb‡q| Kvi †jLv KZUzKz mvwnZ¨, KZUzKz Ôgvby‡li Rb¨ÕÑGgb AvjvcB nq| AvÇvq
Ny‡iwd‡i Av‡m nygvq~b Avn‡g‡ì K_v| e‡jb, Ii wi‡cm‡g›U KvD‡K w`‡q m¤¢e bq| Avjv`v K‡i wR‡Ám Kwi
ûgvq~b Avn‡g`‡K wb‡q| wZwb mivmwi Reve bv w`‡q GKUv Mí e‡jb|
nygvq~b Avn‡g` bvwK Zuv‡K GKevi e‡jwQ‡jb, Ômg‡ik`v, evsjv‡`‡k 16 eQi eqmx †Kv‡bv cvVK hw` nygvq~b
Avn‡g` bv c‡o, †m †Kv‡bv cvVKB bv| Avevi 25 eQi eq‡mi ci hw` †KD nygvq~b Avn‡g` c‡o, †m-I †Kv‡bv
cvVK bv|Õ GUv e‡jB nvm‡Z ïi“ K‡ib mg‡ik gRyg`vi|
mg‡ik gRyg`vi g‡b K‡ib, iex›`Ö-cieZ©x me‡P‡q eo †jLK mg‡ik emy| mybxj M‡½vcva¨vq‡K wZwb
KweZvq GK b¤î ¯’vb †`b| Lye †ewk gš—e¨ Ki‡Z ivwR nb bv ey×‡è, kx‡l©›`y ev w`‡e¨›`y cvwjZ‡K wb‡q| Zuvi
wb‡Ri Ae¯’vb †Kv_vq, †m K_vI wZwb e‡jb bv| Z‡e evsjv‡`‡k Zuvi A‡bK cvVK-cvwVKv Av‡Q, GUv wZwb
Rv‡bb|
Z‡e wcÖq †jL‡Ki bvg Rvb‡Z PvB‡j ej‡jb wkeiv‡gi K_v| wkeivg PµeZ©x bRi“j-Rxebvb‡›ì
mgmvgwqK (Rš§ 1903, g„Zz¨ 1980) GKRb ig¨MíKvi| KweZv w`‡q mvwnZ¨-Rxe‡bi ïi“| cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ eB
`ywU I-gvbyl I-Pz¤^b /// KweZv w`‡q| `ywUB cÖKvwkZ nq 1929 mv‡j|/// Zvici ARmÖ †jLv wj‡L‡Qb| cÖeÜ,
bvUK Ges ARmÖ nvwmi Mí| wewPÎ Rxeb wQj Zuvi| ivRbxwZ K‡i‡Qb, †Rj †L‡U‡Qb, iv¯—vq KvMR †dwi
K‡i‡Qb, dzUcv‡Z ivwÎevm K‡i‡Qb, mvsevw`KZv K‡i‡Qb, AvRxeb †gm-Rxeb hvcb K‡i‡Qb| K‡ibwb hv, Zv
n‡jv we‡q|
ivZ ev‡R 11Uv| evwo †h‡Z n‡e mg‡ik gRyg`vi‡K| †nv‡U‡ji AvÇv fv‡O Avgv‡ì| †mw`‡bi g‡Zv ivRv-
DwRi gviv‡Z Avgiv ¶vwš— w`B|
KjKvZvi eB‡gjv
KjKvZvi eB‡gjv GLb evsjv‡`‡ki Kv‡QI AvMÖ‡ni GK welq| 1975 mv‡j KjKvZvi 14wU cÖKvkK I cy¯ —K
we‡µZv ms¯’v‡K wb‡q ˆZwi nq Ôcvewjkvm© A¨vÛ eyK‡mjvm© wMìÕ| 1976 mv‡ji 5 gvP© 10 w`‡bi Rb¨ cÖ _g
KwjKvZv eB‡gjv Av‡qvwRZ nq| Z‡e eB‡gjvi †h wecyj RbwcÖqZv AvR †Pv‡L c‡o, Zvi m~Pbv n‡qwQj 1978
mv‡j Av‡qvwRZ Z…Zxq ÔKjKvZv eB‡gjvÕ †_‡K| GB eQi †gvU 112wU cÖKvkbv ms¯’v eB‡gjvq Ask wb‡qwQj|
†gjv Av‡qvwRZ n‡qwQj iex›`Öm`‡bi wecix‡Z wf‡±vwiqv-msjMœ A‡c¶vK…Z e„n`vqZb gvVwU‡Z (eZ©gv‡b
†gvniKzÄ D`¨v‡bi Ask)| 1983 mv‡j †gjvq †hvM w`‡qwQj 285wU cÖKvkbv I cy¯—K we‡µZv ms¯’v| †mevi
weojv ZvivgÊj †_‡K iex›`Öm`‡bi wecix‡Z D`¨v‡bi m¤ú~Y© AskwUB †gjvi Rb¨ †c‡q hvq wMì| 1983 mv‡jB
GKwU MÖš’cÖKvk Abyôv‡b †hvM w`‡Z G‡m nƒ`&‡iv‡M Avµvš— n‡q †gjvcÖv½‡YB gviv hvb Avb›èvRvi cwÎKvi
cÖv³b m¤úv`K A‡kvKKzgvi miKvi| Zuvi ¯§„wZ‡Z 1984 mvj †_‡K eB‡gjvq Pvjy nq m¤§vbRbK ÔA‡kvKKzgvi
miKvi ¯§„wZ e³…ZvÕ| 1984 mv‡j †gjv Av‡qvwRZ n‡qwQj weª‡MW c¨v‡iW MÖvD‡Û| †mevi AskMÖnYKvix
cÖKvk‡Ki msL¨v wQj 363| GB eQiB †R‡bfvi B›Uvib¨vkbvj cvewjkvm© A¨v‡mvwm‡qk‡bi m`m¨ n‡q eB‡gjvi
Avš—R©vwZK K¨v‡jÛv‡i ¯’vb K‡i †bq ÔKjKvZv eB‡gjvÕ|
evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q `xN© mgq a‡i †h cÖv‡Yi †gjvwU nq, Zv n‡”Q †deª“qvwiRy‡o evsjv GKv‡Wwg cÖv½‡Y emv
ÔeB‡gjvÕ| Gi ïi“Uv 1974 mvj †_‡K| cÖvq KvQvKvwQ mg‡q `yB †`‡k GB †gjv ïi“ n‡jI KjKvZvi †gjv
e‡m evsjv‡`‡ki eB‡gjvi GKUz Av‡Mfv‡M| KvQvKvwQ mg‡qB `yB †`‡ki †gjv em‡jI †cÖw¶ZUv `yB †`‡ki
Avjv`v| Avš—R©vwZK eB‡gjv K¨v‡jÛvi Abymv‡i Rvbyqvwi gv‡mi †kl eyaevi m~Pbv nq KjKvZv eB‡gjvi| †kl
nq †deª“qvwi gv‡mi cÖ_g ev wØZxq †iveev‡i| mvaviYZ 12 w`b P‡j GB †gjv| †gjv PjvKvjxb A‡bK mgqB
†bZvwR myfvlP›`Ö emyi Rš§w`b (23 Rvbyqvwi), mvaviYZš¿ wèm (26 Rvbyqvwi) Ges mi¯^Zx c~Rv GB
mgqcwim‡ii g‡a¨ c‡o hvq| mvaviYZ GB QywUi w`b¸‡jv‡Z †gjvq ¯^vfvwe‡Ki Zzjbvq A‡bK †ewk gvby‡li
wfo R‡g _v‡K|
2005 mv‡j gq`vb †_‡K mwi‡q †bIqv nq GB †gjv| G wb‡q c‡¶-wec‡¶ A‡bK K_v-KvUvKvwU| miKvi
KjKvZv gnvbM‡ii GB As‡ki bvMwiK †Kvjvnj, hvbRU Avi wf‡±vwiqv †g‡gvwiqv‡ji cwi‡ek i¶vq
76
e×cwiKi| d‡j Zviv †gjvwU‡K kn‡ii evB‡i më †j‡K wb‡q †h‡Z Pvq| wKš‘ †µZv I `k©K nviv‡bvi Avk¼vq
KjKvZvi cÖKvkK‡ì wMì GUv gvb‡Z bvivR| mybxj M‡½vcva¨vqmn eo eo †jLK‡ì wb‡q gvbeeÜb n‡jv
gq`v‡b| wKš‘ idv n‡jv bv| †gjv P‡j †Mj më †j‡K| †mLvb †_‡K †gjvi Av‡iK `dv ¯’vbvš—i N‡UÑmv‡qÝ
wmwUi D‡ëv w`‡K †Lvjv gq`vb‡K evbv‡bv n‡jv Ôwgjb †gjvÕ| †mLv‡b ˆZwi Kiv n‡jv KZ¸‡jv ¯’vqx ev cÖvq-¯’vqx
KvVv‡gv| ejv n‡jv, mviv eQiB bvbv iK‡gi †gjv Pj‡e †mLv‡b| g~j kni †_‡K †ek `~‡i G RvqMvwU| wKš‘
mgm¨v †bB| ch©vß ev‡mi eë¯’v _vK‡e mviv w`b| ev‡mi msL¨v evwo‡q w`‡q †`Lv †Mj, gvby‡li Dcw¯’wZi
msL¨vI †e‡o †M‡Q A‡bK| Avevi ga¨ KjKvZvi gq`vbI †Kvjvnjgy³ †_‡K †M‡Q| myZivs jvf †mUvB|
KjKvZvi eB‡gjvq Avgvi cÖ_g hvIqv 2014 mv‡j| wKš‘ †gjvi Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q wVK eyS‡Z cvwi bv †Kvb †MU
w`‡q XzKe| Pviw`‡K Pvi‡U wekvj AvKv‡ii †MU| GKwU w`‡q Xz‡KB †`wL cÖk¯— gvV| GKcv‡k
ÔRbm‡PZbZvg~jKÕ GKwU gy³ bvUK Pj‡Q| Avgv‡ì GLv‡b c_bvUK †hfv‡e nq, A‡bKUv †miKgfv‡e|
K‡qKRb Awfbqwkíx gvB‡Ki mvg‡b ùvwo‡q msjvc ej‡Q| gv‡Sg‡a¨B Mvb MvB‡Q, bvP‡Q Avi †evSv‡bvi †Póv
Ki‡Q †h evwo evbv‡bvi mgq Kx Kx Kvi‡Y Pvicvk †_‡K wKQy Rwg Qvo‡Z nq| Avgv‡ì ivRD‡Ki †h wbqg,
†mLv‡bI Zv-B| wKš‘ G wbqg †Kb G‡m‡Q, Gi DcKvwiZv Ges AcKvwiZv Kx, Zv †evSv‡bvi Rb¨B GB
c_bvU‡Ki Av‡qvRb|
cÖk¯— †Lvjv PZ¡i w`‡q mvg‡b G‡Mv‡ZB †`wL Av‡iKUz `~‡i Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q †jvKMv‡bi| †mLv‡b nj‡`
Kvco civ evD‡jiv G‡Ki ci GK evDjMvb cwi‡ekb Ki‡Qb| cv‡kB ivLv Av‡Q wgDwbwmc¨vwjwUi Mvwo| Zvi
f¨v‡b †QvU †QvU cwjw_‡bi c¨v‡K‡Ui †fZ‡i cvwb| †h †KD hZ B”Qv wb‡Z cv‡i, wd«| †gjvq †eov‡Z Avmv
ch©UK‡ì †Zóv †gUv‡bvi Rb¨ KjKvZv †cŠimfvi GB Av‡qvRb|
GB eB‡gjvq ÷‡ji msL¨v KZ n‡e, †Mvbv m¤¢e bq| Z‡e nvRvi `yB‡qi Kg bq| †fZ‡i Xz‡K †Ui †cjvg,
†Lv` mvBU c¨vb †Nu‡U †Nu‡UI Lye mn‡R †Kv‡bv ÷j Luy‡R cvIqv m¤¢e bq| Pvi ¯—‡ii ÷j| Gev‡ii †gjvq
Ôw_g Kvw›UªÕ Kiv n‡q‡Q †ci“‡K| `yeQi Av‡M GB gh©v`v wØZxqev‡ii Rb¨ †c‡qwQj evsjv‡`k| †ci“i
c¨vwfwjq‡bi †fZi hvB| Lye †ewk `k©‡Ki Avbv‡Mvbv †bB ILv‡b|
d«v¼dzU© eB‡gjvi Ô†M÷ Ae AbviÕ aviYvwUi Av`‡j KjKvZv eB‡gjvq †dvKvj w_g aviYvwUi m~ÎcvZ 1991
mv‡j| cÖ_gevi KjKvZv eB‡gjvi †dvKvj w_g wQj fviZxq ivR¨ Amg| Gici `yB eQi fvi‡Zi Aci `yB ivR¨
wÎcyiv I IwWkv‡K †dvKvj w_g Kiv nq| 1994 mv‡j wR¤^vey‡q wQj eB‡gjvi cÖ_g we‡`wk †dvKvj w_g| 1997
mvj †_‡K wbqwgZfv‡e †Kv‡bv we‡`wk ivóª‡K †dvKvj w_g wbe©vwPZ Kiv n‡Z _v‡K| gv‡S †Kej GKevi †dvKvj
w_g nq fviZ (2001)| cwðge½ (1995) I evsjv‡`k (1999) GKevi K‡i eB‡gjvi †dvKvj w_g wbe©vwPZ
n‡qwQj| fviZxq †h ivR¨wU †klev‡ii g‡Zv †dvKvj w_g wbe©vwPZ nq †mwU n‡jv wenvi (1996)|
w_g iv‡óªi c¨vwfwjqbwU †gjvi †K‡›`Ö ¯’vwcZ nq| †gjvi g~j cÖ‡ekØvi¸‡jv w_g †`‡ki †Kv‡bv-bv-†Kv‡bv
†mŠ‡ai Av`‡j M‡o I‡V| w_g †`‡ki †Kv‡bv AMÖYx mvwnwZ¨K †gjvi cÖavb AwZw_i AvmbwU AjsK…Z K‡ib|
kvgmyi ivngvb, ¸›Uvi MÖvm, wiPvW© WvIwKÝ, gvwiqv dvb©v‡›`v mvwš—qv‡Mv cÖgyL e¨w³Z¡ GB AvmbwU AjsK…Z
K‡i‡Qb| D‡Øvabx Abyôv‡b w_g †`‡ki ivóª`~Z ev ivóªcÖavbI m¤§vwbZ AwZw_ wn‡m‡e Dcw¯’Z _v‡Kb|
KjKvZvi GB Avš—R©vwZK eB‡gjvq evsjv‡`k †ek ¸i“Z¡ cvq| GKvwaK eQi Ôevsjv‡`kÕ wQj Zv‡ì Ôw_g
Kvw›UªÕ| cÖ_gevi hLb GUv nq, ZLb evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq msm` fe‡bi Av`‡j evbv‡bv n‡qwQj Ôevsjv‡`k
c¨vwfwjqbÕ| GB c¨vwfwjq‡bi †fZi VuvB wb‡qwQj evsjv‡`‡ki 10wU cÖKvkbv ms¯’v| G eQi hwÌ evsjv‡`k
w_g Kvw›Uª wn‡m‡e †bB, Zvi ciI 1905 mv‡j wf‡±vwiqvb Avi †gvMj ¯’vcZïxwZi wg‡k‡j KvR©b n‡ji Av`‡j
evbv‡bv n‡q‡Q c¨vwfwjqb, †fZ‡i VuvB †c‡q‡Q 14wU cÖKvkbxi eB|
KjKvZvi GB eB‡gjvq †Kbvi g‡Zv AmsL¨ eB; wKš‘ bvbv Kvi‡Y wKb‡Z PvBjvg bv| GKUv eo KviY, Pvi-
cuvPUv eB †Kbvi ciB †`wL G¸‡jv enb Kiv Avgvi Rb¨ eo mgm¨v n‡q †M‡Q| wØZxq KviY, eB¸‡jv‡Z gvÎ 10
kZvsk Kwgkb, A_P K‡jR w÷ª‡U 25 kZvsk ch©š— cvIqv hvq| m‡½ U¨vw· _vK‡j e‡q †eov‡bvi Sv‡gjv †bB|
Zvi ciI ÔAvb›`Õ Avi Ô†`ÕRÕ-G wfo †`‡L †fZ‡i bv wM‡q iex›`Ö fviZxi c¨vwfwjq‡b wM‡q `yBUv eB wKbjvg|
iex›`Öbv‡_i nv‡Z †jLv †k‡li KweZvi cvÊzwjwc| iex›`Öbv‡_i wPÎKjv wb‡q Pvi L‡Êi A¨vjevg †cjvg
ÔAb¨cÖKv‡kiÕ gvRnv‡ii KvQ †_‡K Dcnvi wn‡m‡e| GB wb‡q eB‡gjvq Avgvi evRvi Kiv †kl n‡jv|
KjKvZv eB‡gjvq `yw`b Ny‡i wfbœ †h welq¸‡jv †Pv‡L c‡o‡Q, Zvn‡jv:
1. KjKvZvi eB‡gjvq gvbylRb eB wKb‡ZB hvq| duv‡K GKUz AvÇv gv‡i, LvIqv`vIqv K‡i, nuvU‡Z nuvU‡Z
†gjvi moKØxç‡jv‡Z e‡m e‡m wR‡ivq| wKš‘ cÖvq cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki nv‡ZB eB‡qi c¨v‡KU|
77
2. KjKvZvq eB‡gjv wb‡q wgwWqvi †Kv‡bv Drmvn †bB| †Kv‡bv †Uwjwfkb P¨v‡bj‡K †gjvq †`wLwb| jvBf
eªWKv÷ `~‡ii K_v, eB‡gjvq †Kv‡bv we‡kl LeiI I‡ì †i¸jvi †Kv‡bv wUwf P¨v‡b‡j †bB|
3. †jL‡Kiv †gjvq hvb e‡j g‡b nq bv| wjUj g¨vMvwR‡bi †jL‡Kiv ÷‡j e‡mb, eo †jLK‡ì wb‡q †gjvq
†Kv‡bv D‡ËRbv †bB|
4. Ô†`ÕRÕ Avi ÔAvb›` cvewjkvm©Õ Ges AviI `y‡Uv cÖKvkbx‡Z †`Ljvg wfbœ eë¯’v| jvBb a‡i †XvKv, eB Qyu‡q
bv †`Lvi eë¯’v| eB AW©vi w`‡Z nq GK KvD›Uv‡i, UvKv w`‡Z nq Av‡iK RvqMvq Ges eB MÖnY Ki‡Z nq
Z…Zxq KvD›Uv‡iÑ†e‡ivevi gy‡L|
5. cÖKvkK‡ì Ae¯’v ey‡S `yB-wZb iK‡gi ÷j Av‡Q| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ me‡P‡q eowU Aš—Z 800 eM©dz‡Ui,
†QvUwU 64 eM©dz‡Ui|
6. 20 jvL †jvK †gjvq mg‡eZ n‡jI cÖ‡ek ev cÖ¯’vbgy‡L †Kv_vI †Kv‡bv RUjv †bB|
eB‡gjv Nyi‡Z Nyi‡Z †Ui †cjvg, evsjv‡`wk †hme eB‡qi Kì KjKvZvq, Zvi †ewki fvMB GLv‡b Qvcv
n‡”Q †jL‡Ki AbygwZ bv wb‡q, †Kv‡bv iq¨vwjwU bv w`‡qB| nygvq~b Avn‡g‡ì A‡bK eB Gfv‡e Pj‡Q| nygvq~b
Avn‡g‡ì eB‡qi eo cÖKvkK gvRnvi“j Bmjvg e‡j‡Qb, Gme eB‡qi †ewki fvMB Zuvi cÖKvkbx †_‡K cÖ_g
†e‡iv‡bv| KjKvZvi †Kv‡bv cÖKvkKB †jLK ev cÖKvk‡Ki m‡½ †Kv‡bv ai‡bi †hvMv‡hvM K‡ibwb| cÖ”QÙv
wb‡R‡ì g‡Zv K‡i eB †Q‡c evRv‡i †Q‡o w`‡q‡Q|
†`Ljvg `yB evsjvi ÔwnUÕ †jL‡Kiv `yB RvqMv‡ZB cÖZvwiZ n‡”Qb| `yóz cÖKvkK‡ì cvB‡i‡UW eB AmsL¨
Kwc †Q‡c dzUcv‡Z wKsev A‡bK eB‡qi †`vKv‡bI wewµ nq| †h eB‡qi Mv‡qi g~j¨ 600 UvKv, †mwU 200 UvKvq
wewµ Ki‡Qb Zuviv Aejxjvq|
KjKvZvi GB eB‡gjv‡Z evsjv‡`wk †ek K‡qKRb †jL‡Ki eB †`‡LwQ| nygvq~b Avn‡g‡ì me‡P‡q †ewk|
Gici nvmvb AvwRRyj nK, †mwjbv †nv‡mb, Bg`v`yj nK wgjb, Avwbmyj nKÑGu‡ì eBI Av‡Q| nygvq~b
Avn‡g‡ì welqUv Avwg Rvwb, evwK‡ì K_v ej‡Z cvie bv| Avgvi g‡b nq bv, †Kv‡bv †jLK h_vh_ m¤§vbx
†c‡q‡Qb|
†jLK-cÖKvk‡Ki g‡a¨ kxZj wek¦vmnxbZvi m¤úK© XvKv‡ZI Av‡Q| KjKvZvq Kx Av‡Q, Rvwb bv| eo
†jL‡Kiv V‡Kb Kg, gvSvwiiv †ewk| †QvUiv Dëv cqmv w`‡q eB Qv‡cbÑAvgvi aviYv GiKgB|
KjKvZvq cÖwZeQi ARmÖ evsjv eB Qvcv nq| evsjv‡`‡k MZ K‡qK eQi a‡i ïay eB‡gjv Dcj‡¶ mv‡o 3
†_‡K 4 nvRviwU bZzb eB Qvcv nq| GKmgq †Kej KjKvZv †_‡K Avmv eB¸‡jvi w`‡KB gywL‡q _vK‡Zb
evsjv‡`‡ki cvV‡Kiv| KjKvZvi eo †jLK‡ì A‡b‡K GL‡bv evsjv‡`‡ki evRv‡ii w`‡K †Lqvj iv‡Lb| wKš‘
KjKvZvi †jLK‡ì w`‡K †P‡q _vKvi w`b dzwi‡q Av‡m nygvq~b Avn‡g‡ì Avwef©v‡ei ci †_‡K|
nygvq~b Avn‡g` GKvB evsjv‡`‡ki cvV‡Ki Rb¨ kZe‡l©i NvUwZ c~iY K‡i w`‡q‡Qb| msjvc‡K cÖvavb¨ w`‡q
†QvU Ges ¯^ícwim‡i A‡bK K_v ejvi ixwZi cÖeZ©b Ki‡jb wZwb| nygvq~b Avn‡g` †`Lv‡jb †h BD‡ivcxq
Av`‡ji evB‡iI mdj, imgq Ges wk‡ívËxY© Dcb¨vm †jLv m¤¢e| A_P GB nygvq~b Avn‡g`B me‡P‡q †ewk
aviY Ki‡jb iex›`Öbv_‡K| Zuvi AmsL¨ Dcb¨vm, Mí, bvUK I Pjw”P‡Îi wk‡ivbvg G‡m‡Q iex›`Öbv‡_i cO&w³
†_‡K| `yB evsjvi mvwnZ¨ weKv‡k †mB MÖš’bMix Avi iex›`Öbv_ eo †ewk ¯§iYxq|
78
bvUKcvovq VvKzi
KjKvZvi me‡P‡q Lv›`vwb bvU¨cvovq Avgvi cÖ_g hvIqv †mB 1990 mv‡jB| KjKvZvi wZb k eQi c~wZ©
Dcj‡¶ Av‡qvwRZ Avš—R©vwZK ¯’vcZ¨ m‡¤§jbwUi D‡Øvab Kiv n‡qwQj iex›`Öm`b wgjbvqZ‡b| †mB cÖ_g
Avgvi GB gÂwU †`Lv| g‡Âi evB‡i GKUv cv_y‡i Aeq‡e †RveŸv civ iex›`Öbv_ ùvwo‡q Av‡Qb| Gi mvg‡b
ùvwo‡q Avgiv A‡bK Qwe Zzwj| GKUv wb‡e©va KvK †Kv‡bv Ae¯’v‡ZB iex›`Öbv‡_i gv_v Qvo‡Q bv| iex›`Öbv‡_i
gv_vq KjKvZvi KvK| G QweUvI Avgvi Kv‡Q ivLv Av‡Q eû eQi a‡i|
iex›`Öbv‡_i R‡š§i kZZg eQiwU‡K g‡b ivLvi Rb¨ 1961 mv‡j Zuvi bv‡g GKwU ¯§„wZ‡mŠa ¯’vc‡bi cwiKíbv
MÖnY K‡ib cwðge‡½i ZrKvjxb gyL¨gš¿x Wv. weavbP›`Ö ivq| †m eQi cuwP‡k êkvL fvi‡Zi ZrKvjxb cÖavbgš¿x
RInijvj †bni“ Gi wfwËcÖ¯—i ¯’vcb K‡ib| †m mgq Zvi bvg wQj Ôiex›`ÖmiwYÕ, cieZ©xKv‡j febwUi bvg
cwieZ©b K‡i ivLv nq Ôiex›`Öm`bÕ| m`b wbg©v‡Yi KvR ïi“ n‡qwQj 1961 mv‡ji 5 †g Ges †kl nq 1967
mv‡ji A‡±ve‡i| †mB †_‡K KjKvZvi me‡P‡q AwfRvZ mvs¯‹…wZK Av‡qvRb¸‡jv GLv‡bB n‡q _v‡K, †nvK Zv
bvU‡Ki Drme ev Pjw”P‡Îi|
1990 mv‡j †h g‡Â KjKvZvi wZb k eQi c~wZ©i Abyôv‡bi m~Pbv †`‡LwQjvg, †m g‡ÂB 2014 mv‡j
Avgv‡K msewa©Z Kiv nq Ôevsjv‡`k iRbxÕ‡Z| Avgvi †jLv gnvR‡bi bvI bvUKwU †mLv‡bB gÂ¯’ n‡qwQj|
wb‡Ri bvU‡Ki K_v _vK, KjKvZvi bvUK †`Lvi Mí ewj|
†_Uv‡ii ¯^v`
wZb w`‡bi †mwgbvi †kl n‡q †M‡jI Avgv‡ì nv‡Z mgq wQj Avi Pvi w`b| G mgq Avgv‡ì KjKvZv Ny‡i
†`Lvi K_v| w`‡bi †ejv †K‡U hvq wbD gv‡K©U Avi †PŠi½xi dzUcvZ a‡i nuvU‡Z nuvU‡Z| mÜ¨vq Avgv‡ì wKQy
Kiv ìKvi| KjKvZv †_‡K K¨vev‡i D‡V †M‡Q wKš‘ wKQy Ô†_UviÕ Av‡Q, †hLv‡b KjKvZvq Av‡MKvi w`‡b †hme
bvUK n‡Zv, †miK‡giB bvU‡Ki Av‡qvRb Kiv nq| kn‡ii wZb k eQi c~wZ© Abyôv‡b G‡m hw` Av‡MKvi w`‡bi
bvU‡Ki ¯^v` cvIqv hvq, g›` Kx! wKš‘ wVK †Kv_vq Gi Av‡qvRbÑGUv Rvbv wQj bv| Avgv‡ì `‡j †gvU AvURb|
Gi g‡a¨ Avwg KwbôZg QvÎm`m¨| evèvwKiv Zi“Y ¯’cwZ| GKRb Avgv‡ì `‡ji dzwZ©evR wk¶KI| Avgiv
`y‡Uv U¨vw· fvov Kwi| U¨vw·Iqvjvi m‡½ evsjvq †Zgb K_v ejv hvq bv| evsjvq cÖkœ Ki‡j †m wnw›`‡Z Reve
†`q| `‡ji Kwbô m`m¨ wn‡m‡e Avgvi me gvd| U¨vw·fvovi fvM w`‡Z nq bv| wUwK‡Ui cqmvI bv| Avwg
mwZ¨B Aviv‡g AvwQ| Avgvi KvR fvB‡ì m‡½ _vKv|
GKmgq AvwgI Zv‡ì m‡½ GKUv U¨vw·‡Z D‡V cwo| Lye `ª“ZB Avgv‡ì GK RvqMvq bvwg‡q †Ìqv n‡jv|
GLb Rvwb, †hLv‡b bvwg‡q w`j, †m RvqMvwUB Ôb›`bÕmsjMœ bvUKcvov| ÔGKv‡Wwg Ae dvBb AvU©mÕ-Gi
wgjbvqZb GLv‡b| A‡bK¸‡jv KvD›Uvi Av‡Q wUwKU KvUvi Rb¨| bvU‡Ki bvg †jLv _v‡K KvD›Uv‡ii Ici| whwb
wUwKU KvU‡Z †M‡jb, GKUz¶Y ci KwVb gyL K‡i wZwb †diZ G‡jb| KviY, †h bvU‡Ki K_v wZwb e‡j‡Qb, †m
bvUK GLv‡b nq bv| e‡j‡Qb, Ô`v`v, Ime †Zv Kgvwk©qvj, I¸‡jv nvwZ evMv‡b nq| Ime †`L‡eb †Kb, Avgv‡ì
bvUK †`Lyb|Õ Avgv‡ì `y‡Uv U¨vw· Avevi Qy‡U P‡j D‡ëv c_ a‡i| DËi KjKvZvi †kvfvevRvi AÂ‡ji †Kv_vI
Avgv‡ì bvwg‡q †Ìqv nq| †mLvb †_‡K †QvÆ Mwjc_ a‡i †nu‡U †nu‡U cy‡iv‡bv Rwg`vi evwoi g‡Zv GKUv
`vjv‡bi mvg‡b Avgiv Avwm| `vjv‡bi mvg‡b wms‡ni g~wZ©| cv‡kB wUwKU KvUvi Ni| Avkcv‡k wZb-PviUv
cy‡iv‡bv evwo| wKš‘ AvKvi-AvK…wZ A‡bKUv wm‡bgv n‡ji g‡Zv| evwo¸‡jv †h GK-†ò k eQ‡ii cy‡iv‡bv, Zv‡Z
†Kv‡bv m‡›`n †bB| †`wL cvovi †jvKRb, †ewki fvMB ga¨weË `¤úwZ, Zuviv G‡m‡Qb bvUK †`L‡Z| wUwKU †K‡U
AvgivI Xz‡K hvB| ïi“ nq bvUK|
GB bvU‡Ki aib gÂbvUK Avi hvÎvi gvSvgvwS wKQy| Avwg hvÎv †`‡LwQ K‡qKUv| mÜ¨vi ci †_‡K G‡K
G‡K bZ©Kxiv G‡m bvP‡Z _v‡Kb| bvP‡Z bvP‡Z ¯—‡i ¯—‡i A‡bK¸‡jv Kvco kixi †_‡K Ly‡j †d‡jb| Gme
†kl n‡j gvSiv‡Zi w`‡K ïi“ nq bvUK| DuPz¯^‡i msjvc Avi AwZ-Awfbq G¸‡jvi êwkó¨| bvU‡Ki gvSLv‡b
GKUv Dcj¶ †ei K‡i Avevi wKQy¶Y P‡j bvPvbvwP| bvP †kl n‡j Avevi Awfbq| GLv‡b GB bvUK †`L‡Z
†`L‡Z †mm‡ei K_vB g‡b coj| Z‡e GLv‡b f`ª †cvkv‡K Awf‡bZv-Awf‡bÎxiv Awfbq Ki‡Z _v‡Kb|
ÔKvwnwbi cÖ‡qvRbÕ-G nVvr K‡i Avwef‚©Z nq ÔevwYwR¨K Dcv`vbÕ| ¯‹vU© civ GKRb Zi“Yx G‡m bvP‡Z ïi“
K‡ib| wZwb †kl K‡ib †QvU nvdc¨v‡›U G‡m| A‡bKUv AvR‡Ki hy‡Mi wnw›` wm‡bgvi ÔAvB‡Ug msÕ-Gi g‡Zv
79
Gme bv‡Pi Xs| GKUv bvU‡K GiKg Pvi-cuvPUv evwYwR¨K Av‡qvRb _v‡K| Zvn‡j GUvB wK wQj KjKvZvi
cy‡iv‡bv w`‡bi bvUK? Avi Gme bvU‡Ki Avw½K †_‡KB wK Z‡e G‡mwQj fvi‡Zi evwYwR¨K wm‡bgvi Av`j!
KjKvZvq bvU‡Ki m~Pbv

evsjv AÂ‡j bvU‡Ki eqm cuvP k eQ‡ii †ewk| 1509 mv‡j kÖx ˆPZb¨‡è cÖ_g bvUK gÂvq‡bi eë¯’v K‡ib|
Z‡e †mme wQj êòeag©xq NUbvi gÂiƒc| evsjv bvU¨PP©vi AvaywbK iƒc, hv‡K cÖ‡mwbqvg w_‡qUvi ewj, Zvi
mv_©K cÖ‡qvM N‡UwQj Bs‡iR‡ì nvZ a‡i| Aóv`k kZ‡Ki gvSvgvwS‡Z|
KjKvZvq eZ©gvb jvjevRv‡ii Kv‡Q GLb †hUv gvwU©b ev‡b©i Awdm, Bs‡iRiv †mLv‡b Ô†c nvDmÕ bv‡g
GKUv bvU¨gÂ ˆZwi K‡i| bvP Avi Awfb‡qi wg‡kj wQj †mLvbKvi bvU¨ Av‡qvR‡b| GLv‡b Bs‡iRivB Awfbq
KiZ| ZvivB wQj bvU‡Ki `k©K|
cjvkxi hy‡×i ci KjKvZvi GB AÂ‡j Bs‡iR‡ì AvMgb evo‡Z _v‡K| Gu‡ì g‡a¨ A‡b‡KB wQ‡jb
bvU¨vwfb‡q cvi`k©x| ïay Zv-B bq, we‡jZ †_‡K †ek KRb Awf‡bZv-Awf‡bÎxI Avm‡Z ïi“ K‡ib GLv‡b|
1775 mv‡j Iqv‡ib †nw÷s‡mi c„ô‡cvlKZvq ÔK¨vjKvUv w_‡qUviÕ bv‡g wØZxq i½gÂwU evbvq Bs‡iRiv| †m
Avg‡j GK jvL i“wc LiP n‡qwQj GUv evbv‡Z| †nw÷sm, gwimb, eviI‡qj, GjvBRv B‡¤ú///, nvBWÑGuivB
wQ‡jb †mB i½g‡Âi cÖavb c„ô‡cvlK| GLb †hUv‡K Avgiv ÔwbD Pvqbv gv‡K©UÕ wn‡m‡e Rvwb, †mLv‡bB wQj Gi
Ae¯’vb| 1808 mv‡j †Mvcx‡gvnb VvKzi GB i½gÂwU wK‡b gv‡K©U evbvb|
†m mgq bvUK †`Lv †ek e¨qeûj GKUv e¨vcviI wQj| GKB g‡Â `yB iK‡gi wUwKU wQj| cÖ_ g †kÖwY GKwU
¯^Y©gy`ªv, wØZxq †kÖwY AvU wm°v| mvÜ¨Kvjxb g‡bviÄ‡bi GKgvÎ we‡`wk Av‡qvRb wn‡m‡e Zuviv GLv‡b †ek KwU
i½gÂ ˆZwi K‡ib| †m¸‡jv‡Z Ô†bwUfÕ‡ì Lye †ewk my‡hvM wQj bv|
B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi m‡½ bvbv iK‡gi Bs‡iR G‡mwQj GB KjKvZvq| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ bvUKcvMjI †ek wKQy
gvbyl wQ‡jb, †m K_v Av‡MB ejv n‡q‡Q| †h mgq ÔAf`ªÕ N‡ii †Kv‡bv †g‡qivI `k©K‡ì mvg‡b bvUK Kivi
K_v fve‡Z cviZ bv, †miKg mg‡q K‡qKRb WvKmvB‡U Bs‡iR gwnjvI g‡Â D‡V bvUK Ki‡Zb| Bs‡iR‡ì
evbv‡bv Z…Zxq i½gÂ wQj †miKgB GKUv wKQy| 1789 mv‡j †dvU© DBwjqv‡gi †fZi Rb weª‡÷v GKUv gÂ
evbvb Zuvi ¯¿x Ggv weª‡÷vi Rb¨| `y‡M©i †fZi wb‡Ri evmvevwo‡ZB i½gÂ evwb‡q Bs‡iR‡ì Rb¨ Av‡qvRb
Ki‡Zb bvU¨ cÖ`k©bx| Ime wQj Ô†R›UzÕ‡ì (Z_vKw_Z f`ª‡jvK, †R›Ujg¨vb‡ì Rb¨), mvaviY evOvwj
Ô†bwUfÕ‡ì cÖ‡ekvwaKvi wQj bv †mLv‡b| GB bvU¨gÂ evbv‡bvi eQi Q‡qK ci evOvwjiv †cj Zv‡ì Rb¨
bvU¨kvjv, Zv-I Av‡iK we‡`wki Kj¨v‡Y| 1795 mv‡j i“k bvUë¨w³Z¡ †nivwmg †÷dv‡bvwfP †j‡e‡Wd hLb
Ô†e½wj w_‡qUviÕ cÖwZôv Ki‡jb, ZLb evsjvi gb-gvbm I ms¯‹…wZi m‡½ †gjeÜ‡bi cÖ_g cÖqvm †`Lv †Mj| 25
b¤î †WvgZjvq (eZ©gvb 37-39 b¤î GRiv w÷ªU) RMbœv_ Mv½ywji evwo fvov wb‡q GKwU bvU¨kvjv cÖwZôv
K‡ib| Bs‡iwR auv‡Pi bvU¨kvjv n‡jI GB †e½wj w_‡qUv‡iB cÖ_g evsjv w_‡qUvi AwfbxZ n‡qwQj| evsjv
fvlv‡Z Awfbq Gi Av‡M n‡q _vK‡jI cvKv g‡Âi Ic‡i GB cÖ_g bvU‡Ki gÂvqb| wKš‘ gvÎ `yLvwb bvUK
Awfb‡qi ci Gi RbwcÖqZvq fq †c‡q Av¸b jvwM‡q GB i½gÂ aŸsm K‡i †Ìqv nq| Ô†e½wj w_‡qUviÕ eÜ
n‡q hvIqvi ci G‡K G‡K cÖwZôv nq Ô†nv‡qjvi †cm w_‡qUviÕ (1797 mv‡j), ÔG‡_wbqg w_‡qUviÕ (18,
mvK©zjvi †ivW, 1812 mv‡j) Ges Ô†PŠi½x w_‡qUviÕ| GB Ô†PŠi½x w_‡qUviÕ cÖwZwôZ n‡qwQj 1813 mv‡ji 25
†g| GwU Aew¯’Z wQj eZ©gvb †PŠi½x †ivW I w_‡qUvi †iv‡Wi ms‡hvM¯’‡ji `w¶Y-cwðg As‡k| ZLbKvi w`‡b
Bs‡iR bvU¨kvjv¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †PŠi½x w_‡qUviB wQj me †_‡K AwfRvZ w_‡qUvi nj| 1839 mv‡j AwMœKv‡Ê
†PŠi½x w_‡qUvi cy‡o hvq| †PŠi½x w_‡qUvi cy‡o hvIqvi eQ‡iB cÖwZôv nq †m hy‡Mi weL¨vZ i½gÂ ‘muv mywm
w_‡qUviÕ| GLb †hLv‡b †m›U †Rwfqvm© K‡jR (cvK© w÷ªU), †mLv‡bB wQj Ômuv mywm i½gÂÕ|
evey‡ì bvUKcÖxwZ
KjKvZvq ZLb Ôevey KvjPviÕ-Gi cÖej †Rvqvi| †mB KvjPvi ej‡Z AvKv‡k Do‡Q cvqiv, eyjeywj Avi gvwU‡Z
bvP‡Q evBwR, †LgUvIqvwj| wPi¯’vqx e‡›`ve‡¯—i d‡j GK‡kÖwYi evOvwji nv‡Z Rwg`vwii myev‡` A‡Xj cqmv
G‡m‡Q| KjKvZvi evey‡ì k‡Li w_‡qUv‡i Gme bvU‡KiB igigv Ae¯’v ZLb| cieZ©x mg‡q GB ÔKzbvU¨ i½Õ
†_‡K 1859 mv‡j ewjô bvUK wb‡q D‡V G‡mwQ‡jb gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë Zuvi kwg©ôv bvU‡Ki gva¨‡g| c‡ii eQi
evsjvq bxj we‡`ªv‡ni cUf‚wgKvq `xbeÜz wgÎ iPbv K‡ib bxj`c©Y bvUK| evsjv i½g‡Â ¯^‡`wk RvMi‡Yi mv_©K
cÖ‡qvM NUj GB bvU‡Ki gva¨‡g|
80
bvUK †h RvqMv‡Z gÂ¯’ nq, Avgiv †m¸‡jv‡K ewj bvU¨gÂ| wKš‘ Av‡Mi w`‡bi KjKvZvq †m¸‡jv‡K ejv
n‡Zv Ôi½gÂÕ| is-Xs Kivi Rb¨ evey‡ì †mme Av‡qvRb wQj e‡jB wK Zvi GB bvg! mv‡a wK ZLb KjKvZvi
bvg n‡qwQj ÔwmwU Ae RqÕ! dzwZ©i kn‡ii i½g‡Â bvixPwi‡Î Awfb‡qi AwaKvi ZL‡bv †g‡qiv cvbwb|
cwic~Y©fv‡e †mB Awf‡bÎx †c‡Z A‡c¶v Ki‡Z n‡qwQj 1873 mvj ch©š—|
hwÌ KjKvZvi g‡Â bvixi Dcw¯’wZ wKš‘ †mB †j‡e‡W‡di mgq †_‡K; wKš‘ wVK †Kv_v †_‡K GB
Awf‡bÎx‡ì Avbv n‡qwQj, fv‡jv K‡i †KD Zv ej‡Z cv‡ib bv| A‡b‡Ki wek¦vm, KjKvZviB †Kv‡bv XcKxZ©‡bi
`j †_‡K wkíx‡ì †RvMvo K‡iwQ‡jb †MvjKbv_ `vm| †m hy‡M XcKxZ©b MvwqKviv cÖKv‡k¨ Abyôvb Ki‡Zb
cyi“l‡ì g‡Zv| Gici w_‡qUv‡i Avevi bvix‡ì AvMgb n‡jv 40 eQi ci 1835 wLªóv‡ã, hLb bexbP›`Ö emyi
w_‡qUv‡i we`¨vmy›ì bvUKwU †`Lv‡bv n‡jv| GB bvU‡KB Avgiv cÖ_g Awf‡bÎx‡ì bvg RvbjvgÑivavivYx,
Rq`yM©v, ivRKzgvix I †eŠn‡iv g¨v_ivbx| AviI Rvbjvg †h Gu‡ì mevB‡K cwZZvjq †_‡KB Awfb‡qi Rb¨ Avbv
n‡qwQj|
bexbeveyi †mB D‡`¨v‡Mi 38 eQi ci, 1873 mv‡j gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë Ô†e½j w_‡qUviÕ-Gi cÖwZôvZv
kirP›`Ö †Nvl‡K civgk© w`‡qwQ‡jb Awf‡bÎx MÖnY Kivi e¨vcv‡i| gvB‡K‡ji bvUK kwg©ôv (1859) wb‡q †e½j
w_‡qUv‡ii D‡Øvab n‡jv 1873 mv‡ji 16 AvM÷| g‡Â G‡jb G‡jv‡Kkx, RMËvwiYx, †Mvjvc I k¨vgv| Guiv
mevB wQ‡jb †ckvq eviewbZv| G welqwU i¶Ykxj myax mgvR MÖnY K‡iwb| myjf mgvPvi bv‡gi GKUv cwÎKvq
†jLv n‡jv, ÔKZ¸wj f`ªmš—vb †e½j w_‡qUvi bvg w`qv Avi GKwU w_‡qUvi Lywj‡Z‡Q|...†h †h ¯’v‡b cyi“l‡ì
†g‡q mvRvBqv Awfbq Kwi‡Z nq, †mB ¯’v‡b G‡Kev‡i mwZ¨Kv‡ii †g‡q gvbyl Avwbqv bvUK Kwi‡j A‡bK UvKv
nB‡eÑGB †jv‡f cwoqv Zuvnviv KZ¸wj bUxi AbymÜv‡b Av‡Qb|...†g‡q bUx Avwb‡Z †M‡j g›` ¯¿x‡jvK Avwb‡ZB
nB‡e, myZivs Zvnv nB‡j kÖv× A‡bK `~i MovB‡e| wKš‘ †`‡ki c‡¶ Zvnv wbZvš— Awb‡ói †nZz nB‡e|Õ
G NUbvi ci Ck¦iP›`Ö we`¨vmvMi †e½j w_‡qUv‡ii m‡½ m¤úK© wQbœ K‡iwQ‡jb| wKš‘ Zv‡Z K‡i IB bvU¨kvjv
eÜ †Zv nqBwb, eis c~‡Y©v`¨‡g gÂ¯’ n‡qwQj ivgbvivqY ZK©i‡Zœi KzjxbKzjme©¯^, gvB‡Kj gaym~`‡bi ey‡ov
mvwj‡Ki Nv‡o †iuv I G‡KB wK e‡j mf¨Zv, ivavgvae nvj`v‡ii †ek¨vbyiw³ welg wecwË, `xbeÜz wg‡Îi maevi
GKv`kx BZ¨vw` bvUK|
†e½j w_‡qUv‡ii Awf‡bÎx‡ì g‡a¨ me‡P‡q cÖwZfvgqx wQ‡jb †Mvjvcmy›ìx| 1875 mv‡j D‡c›`Ö `v‡mi kiZ
m‡ivwRbx bvU‡K myKzgvixi Pwi‡Î wZwb GZ Ac~e© Awfbq K‡ib †h, myKzgvix bv‡gB c‡i †jv‡K Zuv‡K wPbZ|
wb‡Ri eviewbZvi Rxeb‡K wfwË K‡i wjL‡jb GKwU bvUK Ac~e© mZx| 1883 mv‡j wZwb cÖwZôv Ki‡jb Ôwn›`y
wd‡gj w_‡qUviÕ| †e½j w_‡qUv‡i kwg©ôv bvU‡K myKzgvix Awfbq K‡ib|
VvKzievwoi bvU¨kvjv
wKš‘ Zvi Av‡M †Zv VvKzievwoi eD-wSiv bvUK K‡i‡Qb, †mUv Aek¨ Zuv‡ì wb‡R‡ì D‡Vv‡b| Qwe‡Z †`‡LwQ,
iex›`Öbv_ Zuvi fvBwS Bw›ìv †èxi m‡½ Awfbq K‡iwQ‡jb| iex›`Öbv‡_i eqm ZLb 21-22| Zvi Av‡M bvU¨Kvi
I cwiPvjK †R¨vwZwi›`Öbv_ Zuvi ¯¿x Kv`¤îx‡K w`‡q †QvU fvB iex›`Öbv‡_i m‡½ Awfbq Kwi‡qwQ‡jb| iex›`Öbv‡_i
eqm ZLb 16-17| GKmgq iex›`Öbv‡_i ¯¿x g„YvwjbxI Awfbq K‡i‡Qb| iex›`Öbv‡_i eo †evb ¯^Y©Kzgvix
Kve¨bvUK wj‡L‡Qb| †Rvovmuv‡Kvi VvKzievwoi wbR¯^ AvwObv QvovI GB bM‡i †Rvovmuv‡Kv bvU¨kvjv bv‡g `ywU
bvU¨kvjv wQj| c¨vix‡gvnb †Nvl Zuvi evivbwm †Nvl w÷ªU¯’ evmfe‡b cÖ_gwU cÖwZôv K‡ib| GB bvU¨kvjvq gÂ¯’
nIqv GKgvÎ bvUKwU wQj DBwjqvg †kK&mwcqv‡ii Rywjqvm wmRvi| 1854 mv‡j bvUKwU †Rvovmuv‡Kv bvU¨kvjvq
gÂvwqZ n‡qwQj| Kv`¤îx GKRb my-Awf‡bÎxI wQ‡jb| bvUïwmK †R¨vwZwi‡›`Öi gb AviI D¾xweZ n‡q
D‡VwQj ¸YeZx ¯¿x‡K †c‡q| G‡Kev‡i N‡ivqv cwi‡e‡k gvwUi D‡Vv‡b †R¨vwZwi‡›`Öi †jLv cÖnmb Ggb Kg© Avi
Kie bv‡Z cÖ_g Awfbq Ki‡jb Kv`¤îx|
†R¨vwZwi›`Öbv‡_i `ywU bvU‡K Awfbq Ki‡Z G‡m †mKv‡ji me‡P‡q bvgKiv Awf‡bÎx we‡bvw`bxi m‡½ Zuvi
cwiPq nq| †mB cwiPq µgk cwiYwZ jvf K‡i †Mvcb cÖY‡q| †Rvovmuv‡Kvi VvKzievwoi bvUKwcÖq gvbylwU wQ‡jb
†R¨vwZwi›`Öbv_| wKš‘ cieZ©x mg‡q Zuvi 12 eQ‡ii †QvU iex›`Öbv_ mvwn‡Zï bvbv kvLvq GZB D¾¡j n‡q I‡Vb
†h, eo fvB‡qi KxwZ©Kg© Zuvi D¾¡jZvi Kv‡Q ¤vb n‡q hvq| wKš‘ AZxe cwiZv‡ci welq, bvU¨‡ev×v‡ì †jLv
†_‡K c‡owQ †h, RxeÏkvq iex›`Öbv‡_i bvUK¸‡jv †mKv‡ji evNv evNv bvU¨wb‡`©kK‡ì mybR‡i c‡owb| eis
Ab¨fv‡e ejv hvq, Zuvi bvUK¸‡jv wb‡q †Zgb KvRI nqwb| A_P wZwb 50wUi g‡Zv bvUK wj‡LwQ‡jb| bvU‡Ki
me KwUi iƒcB wZwb m„wó K‡iwQ‡jb| gÂbvU¨, Kve¨bvU¨, MxwZbvU¨ I b„Z¨bvU¨ÑmeB iwPZ n‡q‡Q Zuvi nv‡Z|
81
KjKvZvq hLb K‡qKwU i½gÂ ˆZwi n‡q †M‡Q, †m mgq †Rvovmuv‡Kvi VvKzievwo wKš‘ wfbœ Avw½‡K bvUK
gÂvqb K‡i hv‡”Q| iex›`Öbv‡_i eqm hLb Pvi, ZLb M‡Y›`Öbv_ VvKzi cvwievwiK w_‡qUvi wn‡m‡e wØZxq
†Rvovmuv‡Kv bvU¨kvjvwUi cÖwZôv K‡ib| GB eQiB GB bvU¨kvjvq gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `‡Ëi K…òKzgvix bvUKwU
AwfbxZ nq| GB bvU‡K 16 eQi eqmx Zi“Y †R¨vwZwi›`Öbv_ VvKzi cÖ_g Awfbq K‡ib| Aek¨ IUv wQj GKUv
bvixPwiÎ| GB Anj¨v †èxi Pwi‡Î Awfbq Kivi g‡Zv †Kv‡bv bvix cvIqv hvqwb †m mgq| Z‡e VvKzievwo‡Z
w`‡b w`‡b bvUK Awfb‡qi PP©v evo‡Z _vKj| VvKzievwoi gwnjviv GKvš— cwim‡i wb‡R‡ì gvbyl I eÜzevÜ‡ei
mvg‡b gÂvwfb‡q GwM‡q Av‡mb| cieZ©xKv‡j Zuviv Rbmg‡¶I Awfbq K‡i‡Qb| †m hy‡M evsjv fvlvq
Awfb‡qvc‡hvMx bvU‡Ki msL¨v KgB wQj| GB Kvi‡Y M‡Y›`Öbv_ GKwU bvUïPbv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi Av‡qvRbI
K‡iwQ‡jb| ivgbvivqY ZK©vj¼vi iwPZ bebvUK GB cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq cÖ_g ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡i| M‡Y›`Öbv_
bvU¨Kvi‡K 200 UvKv cyi¯‹vi w`‡qwQ‡jb| G bvU‡K Awfbq K‡iwQ‡jb A¶q gRyg`vi, mvi`vcÖmv` M‡½vcva¨vq,
†R¨vwZwi›`Öbv_ VvKzi cÖgyL|
iex›`Öbv‡_i cÖ_g bvUK i“`ªPÊ cÖKvwkZ nq 1881 mv‡j, hLb wZwb 20 eQ‡ii Zi“Y Avi †kl bvUK
PÊvwjKv cÖKvwkZ nq cwiYZ eq‡m, 1938 mv‡j| ïay bvUïPbvB †Zv bq, bvU‡Ki cÖ‡hvRbv, cwiPvjbv, `„k¨cU
I msMxZ iPbv Ges Awfbq mewKQyB K‡iwQ‡jb; wKš‘ RxeÏkvq iex›`Öbv_ ZLbKvi †gBb w÷ª‡gi bvU¨v‡gv`x‡ì
Kv‡Q Kì cvbwb| G †¶‡Î iex›`Öbv_ †kK&mwcqvi †_‡K G‡Kev‡iB Avjv`v| †kK&mwcqv‡ii Avg‡jI bvUK wQj
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g‡bi Avb‡›` bvUK wjL‡Zb, Awfbq Ki‡Zb I Kiv‡Zb Zuvi evwoi D‡Vv‡b, wb‡R‡ì AvÍxq¯^Rb, fvB, eDw`,
fvwZwR Ges Aek¨B kvwš—wb‡KZ‡bi QvÎQvÎx‡ì wb‡q|
KzbvU¨ i½ †_‡K gyw³

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Kv‡Q| 1859 mv‡j gaym~`b Zuvi cÖ_g bvUK kwg©ôvi f‚wgKvq wj‡LwQ‡jbÑ
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wMwikP›`Ö †Nvl ZLb 15 eQ‡ii Zi“Y| Dwbk kZ‡Ki wØZxqv‡a© RvZxqZv‡ev‡a D¾xweZ evsjvi mgvR ZLb
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bvUKwU Avwg †`‡LwQ Avwki `k‡Ki gvSvgvwS mg‡q evsjv GKv‡Wwgi eB‡gjv cÖv½‡Y| ÔbvMwiKÕ-Gi GB
cÖ‡hvRbvq AvZvDi ingvb †m‡RwQ‡jb weªwUk bxjKi| bvU‡K †ek K‡qKwU weªwUk PwiÎ wQj| †m mgqKvi
KjKvZvq ev GB evsjvq `vwc‡q †eov‡bv weªwUk‡ì Avgvi †`Lv nq IB bvU‡Ki gva¨‡gB| jvj-mv`v Avw¯—b
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eQi iex›`Öbv_ Rš§MÖnY K‡ib| `xbeÜzi nvZ w`‡q Gici G‡K G‡K m„wó nq bexb Zcw¯^bx, maevi GKv`kx,
jxjveZx I AviI K‡qKwU cÖnmb| Gme bvU‡Ki gva¨‡g evOvwj we‡bv`‡bi bZzb Dcv`vb Luy‡R †cj| abvX¨
e¨w³‡ì A_©vbyK‚‡j¨ †kŠwLb bvU¨vwfb‡qi †cÖiYvq GK`j wkw¶Z hyeK A‡a©›`y †kLi gy¯—vwd, b‡M›`Öbv_
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e‡›`¨vcva¨vq, ivavgvae Ki, ag©`vm myi cÖgyL cÖwZôv Ki‡jb ÔevMevRvi A¨v‡gPvi w_‡qUviÕ| wMwikP›`ÖI †hvM
w`‡jb Zv‡Z| GuivB e¯‘Z m~ÎcvZ NUv‡jb cÖ_g mvaviY bvU¨g‡Âi| 1872 mv‡j hLb `xbeÜz wg‡Îi bxj`c©Y
Awfb‡qi ga¨ w`‡q me©mvavi‡Yi Rb¨ mvaviY i½vj‡qi m~Pbv n‡jv, iex›`Öbv_ ZLb 11 eQ‡ii wkï| AwP‡iB
evsjv w_‡qUv‡i cÖZvc Rûix, ¸g©yL ivq, †Mvcvj kxj cÖgyL eëmvqxi cÖ‡ek Ges eëmvqx-KewjZ †ckv`vi
w_‡qUv‡ii ïi“| evsjv w_‡qUv‡i ZLb wMwikP›`Ö †Nvl, ¶x‡iv`cÖmv` we`¨vwe‡bv`, wØ‡R›`Öjvj ivq, Ag„Zjvj emy
cÖgyL bvUï_xi †cŠivwYK, HwZnvwmK I mvgvwRK bvU‡Ki eY©vX¨Zv|
kwg©ôv Ges bxj`c©Y w`‡q hw` m~PbvKvj we‡ePbv Kiv nq, Z‡e ejv hvq, iex›`Öbv‡_i Rš§ hLb, wVK †m mgq
†_‡KB AvaywbK evsjv bvU‡Ki m~Pbv| wKš‘ †mB bvUäviv iex›`Öbv_‡K AvMÖnx K‡i †Zv‡jwb †gv‡UB| we‡k¦i me
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m‡½ Zvi †hvMm~Î wQj bv|
iex›`Öbv_ hLb g~javivi evB‡i

iex›`Öbv_ BD‡ivcxq Nivbvi evsjv w_‡qUv‡ii KvwiMwi w`KwU cQ›` K‡ibwb| e‡jwQ‡jb,
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Zvnv‡K Avcvgi mK‡ji Øv‡ii Kv‡Q Avwbqv †Ìqv `ytmva¨; Zvnv‡Z j²xi †cuPvB mi¯^Zxi cÙ‡K cÖvq
Av”Qbœ Kwiqv Av‡Q| Zvnv‡Z Kwe I ¸Yxi cÖwZfvi †P‡q abxi g~jab †Xi †ewk _vKv PvB| `k©K hw`
wejvwZ †Q‡jgvbywl‡Z `xw¶Z bv nBqv _v‡K Ges Awf‡bZvi hw` wb‡Ri cÖwZ I Kv‡eï cÖwZ h_v_© wek¦vm
_v‡K, Z‡e Awfb‡qi Pvwi w`K nB‡Z Zvnvi eûg~j¨ ev‡R RÄvj¸‡jv SuvU w`qv †dwjqv Zvnv‡K gyw³`vb
I †MŠie`vb Kwi‡jB mnƒ`q wn›`ymš—v‡bi g‡Zv KvR nq| evMvb‡K †h AweKj evMvb AuvwKqvB Lvov
Kwi‡Z nB‡e Ges ¯¿xPwiÎ AK…wÎg ¯¿x‡jvK‡K w`qvB Awfbq KivB‡Z nB‡e, GBiƒc AZ¨š— ¯’‚j wejvwZ
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bMivqY I bZzb †kÖwYweb¨vm evsjvi wbR¯^ bvUävivi weKvk n‡Z †`qwb, hwÌ Avgv‡ì bvbvb †jvKK_v,
K…òhvÎv, cuvPvwj Mvb I g½jKv‡e¨, GgbwK KxZ©b Mv‡bI bv‡Uï Dcv`vb wQj| iex›`Öbv_ Zuvi bvU¨ Dc¯’vcb
ixwZ‡Z †jvK-Avw½K MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb| cÖ‡mwbqvg w_‡qUv‡ii wiqvwjw÷K gÂ eënvi Zuvi cQ›` wQj bv, eis
`„k¨cUnxb hvÎv Zuv‡K AvKl©Y KiZ †ewk| KviY, Zv‡Z `k©KgÊjxi m‡½ bvU¨K_vi ˆbKU¨ _v‡K| Zuvi 61
eQ‡ii bvU¨RxebKv‡ji gvÎ 27wU bvUK ev bvUïƒ‡ci Awfbq n‡q‡Q| Zuvi 41wU gÂbvU‡Ki g‡a¨ †ewki fvMB
AwfbxZ nqwb| c~Y©v½ bvUK ej‡Z AwfbxZ n‡q‡Q ivRv I ivYx, wemR©b, †kl i¶v, ZcZx, wPiKzgvi mfv Ges
M„n cÖ‡ek| Zuvi RxeÏkvi i³Kiexi g‡Zv bvUK AwfbxZB nqwb| e¯‘Z Zuvi g„Zzï ciI 13 eQi A‡c¶v Ki‡Z
n‡q‡Q Avgv‡ì mv_©K iex›`ÖbvU¨ cÖ‡hvRbvi mv¶x nIqvi Rb¨| 1954 mv‡j k¤¢z wgÎ ÔeûiƒcxÕ cÖwZôvi ci
i³Kiex gÂ¯’ Ki‡jb| Zvici G‡Ki ci GK Zviv gy³aviv, wemR©b, ivRv, WvKNi cÖf…wZ iex›`Öbv‡Uï mv_©K
gÂvqb K‡iwQ‡jb| wKš‘ MZ kZ‡Ki cÂv‡ki `kK †_‡K KjKvZv ev gd¯^‡j evsjvq MÖ“c w_‡qUvi
Av‡›`vj‡bi †h cÖevn, †mLv‡b iex›`Öbv‡Uï Avš—wiK cÖ‡hvRbv mvgvb¨B, eûiƒcxi cÖ‡hvRbv¸‡jv ev` w`‡j| k¤¢z
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GKv‡Wwg‡Z ÔgnvR‡bi bvIÕ

2012 mv‡ji wW‡m¤î gv‡m iex›`Öm`‡bi cv‡ki GKv‡Wwg Ae dvBb AvU©m wgjbvqZ‡b Avgvi †jLv gnvR‡bi
bvI gÂbvUK wb‡q bvU‡Ki `j myeP‡bi m‡½ AvwgI G‡m ùvovB| myeP‡bi cÖavb m¤úv`K Avn‡¤§` wMqvm ejj
Zvi ¯^cœc~i‡Yi K_v| ejj, †`‡k-we‡`‡k †hLv‡bB bvUK Kwi bv †Kb, GB GKv‡Wwgi g‡Â bvUK bv Ki‡Z
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cvi‡j LvZvq bvg IVv‡bv hv‡e bv| evsjv‡`‡k hvivB gÂbvUK K‡i, Zv‡ì kL ev ¯^cœ _v‡K GB g‡Â Aš—Z
GKevi bvUK †`Lv‡bv| KviY, GLv‡bB bvU‡Ki Avmj `k©K Av‡m| G‡ì cÖwZwµqv¸‡jv LyeB g~jëvb|
KjKvZvi hvÎvcvjv, bvUK I MÖ“c w_‡qUv‡ii HwZn¨ A‡bK cy‡iv‡bv| GLb Avgiv †h¸‡jv‡K AvaywbK bvUK
ejwQ, Zvi m~Pbv Dwbk kZ‡Ki gvSvgvwS mgq †_‡K| e¯‘Z gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë, `xbeÜz wgÎ, wMwikP›`Ö †Nvl,
wØ‡R›`Öjvj ivq, iex›`Öbv_ VvKzi, ¶x‡iv`cÖmv` we`¨vwe‡bv` cÖgyL KjKvZv‡Kw›`ÖK bvUë¨w³Z¡‡ì nvZ a‡iB evsjv
bvU¨mvwn‡Z¨ AvaywbKZvi m~ÎcvZ| wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i ci †_‡K cwðge‡½i evsjv bvU‡K GKai‡bi wece Av‡m
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evsjv bvU‡Ki GB HwZn¨ eZ©gv‡b enb Ki‡Qb †mŠwgÎ P‡Ævcva¨vq, g‡bvR wgÎ, kuvIjx wgÎ, eªvZ¨ emy, mygb
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cwiPvwjZ bvUK Avwg XvKvq e‡m wKsev KjKvZvq wM‡q eûevi †`‡LwQ|
Avwki `k‡Ki gvSvgvwS mgq †_‡K `yB evsjvi g‡a¨ gÂbvUK Av`vb-cÖ`vb Kivi P‡ji ïi“ n‡q‡Q|
Ôbv›`xKviÕ, ÔM½v-hgybv bv‡U¨vrmeÕ ev Ab¨ bv‡g n‡jI `yB evsjvi bvU‡Ki Av`vb-cÖ`vb Pj‡Q| XvKvq Av‡M
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KjKvZvq GL‡bv i‡q †M‡Q Zv‡ì †mB cy‡iv‡bv iex›`Öm`b, GKv‡Wwg Ae dvBb AvU©m, wkwki gÂ, gaym~`b gÂ,
wMwik gÂÑGme| GKmgq Avwg wQjvg XvKvq AbywôZ `yB evsjvi bv‡U¨vrm‡ei †KejB `k©K| 2010 mv‡ji ci
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Kì GKUz Avjv`v| Avi wKQy bv †nvK, eq‡m Giv mevB Avgvi †QvU| GB wmwbqwiwUi Kvi‡YB nq‡Zv †`wL mevB
Avgv‡K †ZvqvR K‡i P‡j| Avgvi m‡½ Ny‡i †eov‡Z, Qwe Zzj‡Z cQ›` K‡i| Avgiv NuvwU †M‡owQ KjKvZv
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fe‡b bvUK gÂvq‡bi Rb¨ wVK Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges Zvi KvQvKvwQ GKUv KwgDwbwU †m›Uv‡i ÔM½v-hgybv bv‡U¨vrm‡eiÕ
Av‡qvR‡Kiv evsjv‡`‡ki PviwU `j I fvi‡Zi K‡qKwU AÂ‡ji †ek K‡qKwU `j‡K ivLvi eë¯’v K‡i‡Qb|
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Avgv‡ì bvUKwUi cÖ`k©bx‡Z| G kn‡i GL‡bv †Kv‡bv wm‡bgv nj †bB| ïay wK G Kvi‡YB bvUK †`Lv GL‡bv IB
GjvKvi gvbylR‡bi ¯^fv‡ei A½xf‚Z Ask n‡q †M‡Q? †K Rv‡b!
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bv‡g GLv‡b †g‡Uªv †÷kb n‡q‡Q| †m Lye Lywk| Avgv‡K e‡j, †`L‡Qb, KjKvZv KZUv KvjPvW©? Zviv wKš‘ wMwik
†Nv‡li bv‡g †÷kb K‡i‡Q| mvs¯‹…wZK e¨w³Z¡‡ì ¯§iY K‡i‡Q Kxfv‡e!
iex›`Öm`‡bi GB bvU¨gÂwUi mvg‡b ivLv iex›`Öbv‡_i GB g~wZ©wUi Kv‡Q G‡m g‡b n‡jv, AvR hw` wZwb
Avgv‡ì GB bvUKwU †`L‡Zb, Z‡e wZwb wbðqB my`x‡ci wcV Pvc‡o w`‡Zb| bvUïƒ‡ci Ggb K_v †jLvi cÖvq
GK k eQi ci G‡m Avgv‡ì mg‡qi GKRb mv_©K wbg©vZv my`xc PµeZ©x; wKš‘ iex›`Öbv‡_i dg©yjvB eënvi
K‡i‡Q GLv‡b| G bvUKwU (gnvR‡bi bvI) wKš‘ cÖ‡mwbqvg d‡g©i bq| gÂ¯’ Kiv nq ÔGwibvÕ d‡g©| GLv‡b
wi‡qwjw÷K wKQyB †bB| bvixi Pwi‡Î cyi“l, cyi“‡li Pwi‡Î bvix Awfbq Ki‡Q| GKRb Ave`yj Kwi‡gi Pwi‡Î
Awfbq Ki‡Q bvix-cyi“l wg‡j cuvPRb| GB bvU‡Ki g‡a¨ nvIo Av‡Q, cvwb Av‡Q, †bŠKv Av‡Q; wKš‘ †Kv‡bv
wKQyB wi‡qwjw÷K bq| Mv‡qi Pvì ev MvgQv Aejxjvq cwiYZ n‡”Q nvI‡oi cvwb, †bŠKv ev êVv‡Z|
iex›`Öbv_ †h hy‡M bvUK wj‡LwQ‡jb, †m hy‡Mi cwiPvj‡Kiv Gme †KŠk‡ji w`‡K hvbwb| Zuviv BD‡ivcxq
wi‡qwjw÷K dg©Uv‡KB †e‡Q wb‡qwQ‡jb| iex›`Öbv_ wb‡R bvU¨wb‡`©kbv †Kgb w`‡qwQ‡jb Rvwb bv, Avgv‡ì †`Lvi
my‡hvM _vKvi K_vI bq| wKš‘ hv wZwb wPš—v K‡i wM‡qwQ‡jb, AvRKvj ZviB cÖ‡qvM †`L‡Z cvw”Q|
K_v I‡V Avgv‡ì g‡a¨ iex›`Öbv_, wMwik †Nvl, bUx we‡bvw`bx‡K wb‡q| KjKvZvi eZ©gvb bvUK, bvU¨`j Avi
bvU¨`k©K‡ì wb‡qI| iex›`Öbv_ Zuvi GK Dcb¨vm †Pv‡Li evwj‡Z bvwqKvi bvg †i‡LwQ‡jb we‡bvw`bx| wKš‘
bvU‡Ki GB bUx we‡bvw`bxi m‡½ Zuvi †Kv‡bv m¤úK© wQj bv| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ m¤úK© †Kv‡bvfv‡e mivmwi ˆZwiI
nqwb| wKš‘ Zvi ciI GKUv †hvMm~Î wQj|
84
nvq we‡bvw`bx
we‡bvw`bx `vmx ev bUx we‡bvw`bxi Rš§ n‡qwQj KLb, †KD Rv‡b bv| Zuvi evevi bvg Kx, †Kv_vI †jLv †bB| DËi
KjKvZvi Kb©Iqvwjk w÷ª‡Ui GK eviewbZvi N‡i Zuvi Rš§| Zuvi GKUv †QvÆ WvKbvgI wQj| wKš‘ ¯‹z‡j fwZ©
Kivi mgq bZzb K‡i bvg †jLv‡bv n‡jv Ôwe‡bvw`bx `vmxÕ| GB we‡bvw`bx `vmx bUx we‡bvw`bx wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ n‡Z
_vK‡jb f`ªN‡ii AvU© KvjPvi Kiv Avi eëmv-evwYR¨ Kiv evey‡ì cvjvq c‡o| ÔbUxÕ kãwU me mgqB Lvivc
A‡_© eënƒZ n‡q _v‡K| ÔbwUÕ n‡j Ô`yózÕ †evSvZ, wKš‘ ÔbUxÕ wZwb| A_©ÑbZ©Kx A_ev eviewbZv| Avwg GB
c„w_ex‡Z Ggb †Kv‡bv eviewbZvi K_v ïwbwb whwb Zuvi bv‡gi Av‡M ÔbUxÕ kã eënvi K‡i‡Qb| we‡bvw`bx Zuvi
AvÍRxebx‡Z wb‡R‡K GB cwiP‡qB cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi hLb 12 eQi eqm, hLb KjKvZvq evOvwjiv wg‡j
bvU¨gÂ ˆZwi Ki‡Qb, ZLb bUxcvov †_‡K GB we‡bvw`bx `vmx‡K wb‡q G‡m Awfbq Kiv‡bv n‡qwQj| †m mgq
Zuvi eqm hw` 12 n‡q _v‡KB, Z‡e Zuvi Rš§ 1862 mv‡j, iex›`Öbv‡_i GK eQi †ewk eqmx wZwb|
Kb©Iqvwjk w÷ª‡U †m mgq A‡bK bvgKiv †jvKRbI _vK‡Zb| Ck¦iP›`Ö we`¨vmvMi wKsev mZ¨wR‡Zi wcZvgn
D‡c›`ÖwK‡kvi iv‡qiI evwo wQj †mLv‡b| †mB Mwji 145 b¤î evwo‡Z gv Avi w`w`gvi Kv‡Q AZ¨š— `vwi‡`ªï
†fZ‡i we‡bvw`bxi eo nIqv| MwieN‡i my›ìx †g‡q Rš§v‡j hv nq, Zuvi †¶‡ÎI Gi e¨wZµg n‡jv bv|
cvwievwiK cwigÊ‡j mvgvb¨ †jLvcov Ki‡jI eviewbZvi RxebB Zuv‡K †e‡Q wb‡Z n‡qwQj| wkïeq‡m GKevi
we‡qI n‡qwQj| †U‡Kwb| we‡bvw`bxi Mv‡bi Mjv wQj| Zuvi evwo‡Z M½vevB bv‡g GK MvwqKv gv‡Sg‡a¨ GLv‡b
Ni fvov wb‡q _vK‡Zb| M½vevB‡qi N‡i Mv‡bi Avmi emZ cÖvqB| Avm‡Zb ZLbKvi mgv‡Ri Mv‡bi mgS`vi
cqmvIqvjv eveyiv| Zuv‡ì †Pv‡L c‡ob we‡bvw`bx| Ggwb‡Z Mv‡qi is my›ì| wdMvi fv‡jv| is-Xs K‡i K_v
ej‡ZI Rv‡bb| mvgvb¨ cov‡kvbvI Av‡Q| bv‡PbI fv‡jv| Mv‡bi Mjv fv‡jv| Avi Kx jv‡M! we‡bvw`bx‡K w`‡q
UvKv Kvgv‡bvi ìKvi M½vevB‡qi| we‡bv‡ì gv‡qiI UvKvi ìKvi| myZivs †b‡g c‡ov c‡_| M½vevB‡qi
Avm‡i Avm‡Zb c~Y©P›`Ö gy‡Lvcva¨vq Avi eªRbv_ †kV| Zuviv we‡bvw`bx‡K fwZ© Kwi‡q w`‡jb Ô†MÖU b¨vkbvj
w_‡qUv‡iÕÑ10 UvKv †eZ‡b| 1874 mv‡ji 12 wW‡m¤î `y-PviwU gvÎ msjv‡ci gva¨‡g Awfbq Ki‡jb kÎ“
msnvi bvU‡K| gvZ K‡i w`‡jb `k©KKzj‡K| c‡ii bvU‡K bvg‡jb bvwqKvi f‚wgKvq| Zvici KZ BwZnvm! 12-
13 eQ‡ii GB wK‡kvix‡K ZLb Awfbq Ki‡Z n‡Zv cÖvßeq¯‹ hyeZxi f‚wgKvq|
1875 mv‡j Ô†MÖU b¨vkbvj w_‡qUviÕ bvU‡Ki Rb¨ A_© msMÖ‡ni D‡Ï‡k¨ DËi fviZ-åg‡Y †e‡ivq|
we‡bvw`bxB wQ‡jb `‡ji cÖavb Awf‡bÎx| we‡bvw`bx AwfbxZ bxj`c©Y bvUK †kÖô cÖ‡hvRbv wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ cvq|
iex›`Öbv‡_i `v`v †R¨vwZwi›`Öbv_ bvUKcvMj gvbyl| wb‡RB bvUK †j‡Lb, cwiPvjbv K‡ib, Awfbq K‡ib, Mvb
†j‡Lb, myi K‡ib, wb‡RI Mvb K‡ib| Zuvi †jLv m‡ivwRbx bvU‡K bvwqKvi f‚wgKvq Awfbq Kivi Rb¨ cÖ_gev‡ii
g‡Zv GK bvixPwiÎ cvIqv †Mj| wZwb wQ‡jb bUx we‡bvw`bx|
†R¨vwZwi›`Öbv_ VvKzi I we‡bvw`bxi g‡a¨ †cÖg-cÖxwZi m¤ú‡K©i K_v c‡owQ Avwg KviI KviI †jLvq|
†R¨vwZwi‡›`Öi Avw¯—‡b we‡bvw`bxi †jLv wPwV bvwK Zuvi ¯¿x Kv`¤îxi nv‡Z c‡owQj GKevi| Rwg`vi-cyÎ wZwb|
¸g©yL ivq bb †h iw¶Zv wn‡m‡e Zuv‡K wZwb †i‡L †`‡eb| gnwl© †`‡e›`Öbv_ VvKz‡ii cwiev‡i Gme wKQy‡K
DrmvwnZ Kiv n‡Zv bv| Zv Qvov we‡bvw`bxi Ici ZLb †PvL c‡o‡Q †m mg‡qi gÂmgªªvU wMwik †Nv‡li|
wMwikP›`Ö †Nvl ZLb eëmvwqK evsjv w_‡qUv‡ii Awemsev`x †kÖô bvU¨Kvi, cwiPvjK I msMxZ iPwqZv| b¨vkbvj
w_‡qUvi †f‡O `yfvM n‡j wMwikP›`Ö bZzb bvU¨`j Lyj‡jb| bxj`c©Y, my‡i›`Ö we‡bvw`bx, MRv`vb›`, hyeivR cÖf…wZ
weªwUkwe‡ivax bvU‡K AvZw¼Z n‡q Bs‡iR miKvi Rvwi Kij KzL¨vZ bvU¨ wbqš¿Y AvBb, 1876 mv‡j| †kl ch©š —
wMwikP‡›`Öi wjR †bIqv Ôb¨vkbvj w_‡qUviÕ †`bvMÖ¯— n‡q c‡o| GB mgq nxiv-Rni‡Zi gv‡ivqvwo eëmvqx
cÖZvcPuv` Rûix w_‡qUvi eëmv‡q bv‡gb| wMwikP›`Ö‡K g¨v‡bRvi K‡i b¨vkbvj w_‡qUvi wK‡b †bb wZwb| wMwik
gvwjKvbv †Q‡o w`‡q GB cÖ_g †eZbfzK w_‡qUvi g¨v‡bRvi n‡q hvb|
ew¼‡gi KcvjKzÊjv bvUK †`L‡Z G‡jb b¨vkbvj w_‡qUv‡ii gvwjK †K`vibv_ †PŠayix| m‡½ wMwik †Nvl| gy»
I wew¯§Z wMwik †Nvl we‡bvw`bx‡K wb‡q G‡jb b¨vkbvj w_‡qUv‡i 1877 mv‡j| wMwik †Nv‡li `‡j Avmvi ci
Zuvi Awfbq-cÖwZfv ¯^xK…wZ cvq evsjvi me©Î| bvUK gn‡j n‡q DV‡jb wZwb bvU¨mgªvÁx| mxZv cÖgxjv, ˆK‡Kqx,
KcvjKzÊjv, gwZwewe Ges GiKg AviI A‡bK bvixcÖavb PwiÎ¸‡jv Zuvi Awfbq¸‡Y n‡q I‡V ev¯—e| g„Yvwjbx
bvU‡K Ôg‡bvigvÕ Pwi‡Î Zuvi Awfbq †`‡L ¯^qs ew¼gP›`Ö e‡jwQ‡jb, ÔAvwg g‡bvigvi PwiÎ cy¯ —‡KB
wjwLqvwQjvg, KL‡bv †h cÖZ¨¶ †`wLe Ggb Avkv Kwi bvB| AvR we‡bv‡ì Awfbq †`wLqv †m åg NywPj|Õ
w`‡b w`‡b bUx we‡bvw`bxi evwoUv KvjPvivj GwjU‡ì AvÇvLvbvq cwiYZ n‡q hvq| †m AvÇvq bvP-Mvb-
myiv-myavq wbqwgZ Ask wb‡Zb wMwikP›`Ö †Nvl, Ag„Zjvj emy, Ag„Zjvj wgÎ| GB AvÇvq we‡j‡Zi Awf‡bZv-
85
Awf‡bÎx †_‡K ïi“ K‡i †kK&mwcqvi-wgëb-evqib-†cvc cÖgyL Kwei Kve¨ wb‡qI Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡Zv bvbv
`„wó‡KvY †_‡K| we‡bvw`bxi mg‡q AvOzj dz‡j KjvMvQ nIqv be¨ evey‡ì g‡a¨ iw¶Zv ivLvi GKUv ms¯‹…wZ wQj|
eveyiv Ni fvov K‡i ev evwo Dcnvi w`‡q iw¶Zv ivL‡Zb| GUv cÖvq GKUv ¯^xK…Z ixwZ n‡q ùvwo‡qwQj ZLbKvi
mgv‡R| †miKg GK AevOvwj 22-23 eQ‡ii GK †ewbqv ¸g©yL ivq PvB‡jb GB †mwj‡eªwU bUx we‡bvw`bx‡K wZwb
Zuvi iw¶Zv Ki‡ebB| wZwb G‡m ai‡jb we‡bv‡ì bvU¨Rxe‡bi AwffveK wMwik †Nvl‡K| Rvbv‡jb, G Rb¨ wZwb
we‡bv`‡K 50 nvRvi UvKv †`‡eb| we‡bv‡ì Kv‡Q G cÖ¯—ve G‡j wZwb ivwR n‡q hvb| we‡bv` UvKv wb‡q weWb
w÷ª‡U Rwg wK‡b w_‡qUvi nj evbvb| we‡bv` Avkv K‡iwQ‡jb, Zuvi m¤£‡gi wewbg‡q AwR©Z UvKv w`‡q evbv‡bv
w_‡qUv‡ii bvg n‡e Ôwe-w_‡qUviÕ| wKš‘ ivLv n‡jv Ô÷vi w_‡qUviÕ| 1883 mv‡ji 21 RyjvB ÷vi w_‡qUv‡ii
D‡Øvab n‡jv `¶hÁ bvUK w`‡q| mZxi f‚wgKvq we‡bv‡ì Awfbq mevB‡K Awff‚Z K‡i| 1883 mv‡ji †kl
ch©š— ¸g©yL ivq ÷v‡ii m‡½ hy³ wQ‡jb| bj`gqš—x‡Z `gqš—x I aª“ePwiÎ‡Z myi“wPi f‚wgKvq Zuvi Awfbq
AveviI cÖgvY Kij, Zuvi Rš§B n‡q‡Q †hb `ywU †cŠivwYK PwiÎ‡K ev¯—e iƒc †Ìqvi Rb¨| wKš‘ we‡bv‡ì
Rxe‡b nVvr K‡iB `y‡h©v‡Mi NbNUv! ¸g©yL ivq Zuvi cwiev‡ii Pv‡c c‡o ÷v‡ii ¯^Z¡ wewµ Kivi e¨vcv‡i gb¯’
K‡ib| we‡bv`‡K Askx`vi Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb; wKš‘ eviv½bvi Aax‡b Kv‡R AvcwË DVj mykxj mgv‡Ri!
÷v‡i we‡bv‡ì †kl ¸i“Z¡c~Y© PwiÎ wej¦g½j bvU‡K wPš—vgwY| †mB mgqB m½xmvw_‡ì m‡½ we‡bv‡ì
we‡iva Avi¤¢ nq| A‡bK mgq ÷v‡ii Rb¨ Zuvi AvÍZ¨v‡Mi K_v gyL dz‡U e‡j †dj‡Zb| ZvB we‡iva| mnKg©xiv
GUv‡K eviv½bvi a„óZv e‡j g‡b Ki‡Zb| GB Acgvb, GB Aegvbbv we‡bv` wKQy‡ZB †g‡b wb‡Z cvi‡jb bv|
†Q‡o w`‡jb w_‡qUvi 1887 mv‡ji 1 Rvbyqvwi| Zuvi AwfbxZ †kl bvUK wQj †ewjK evRvi|
Zuvi mg‡qB evsjv i½RMrI iƒcvš—wiZ n‡qwQj gy³g‡Âi hvÎv X‡Oi Awfbq †_‡K g‡Â c`©vmn BD‡ivwcqvb
êwk‡óï Awfbq-ixwZi w`‡K| we‡bvw`bxB fviZxq ev †`kR mvRm¾vi m‡½ BD‡ivcxq mvRm¾vi mswgkÖY
K‡ib, hwÌ Zuvi mvg‡b †Kv‡bv †ivj-g‡Wj wQj bv| ‘Moon of The Star’ I ‘Flower of the Native
Stage’ÑGB me we‡kl‡Y f‚wlZ n‡qwQ‡jb wZwb| Zey gvÎ 23 eQi eq‡m Awfbq-Rxe‡bi ga¨MM‡b †cuŠ‡Q
Zuv‡K Qvo‡Z n‡jv Zuvi fv‡jvevmvi †ckvMZ Rxeb| ¯^vgx-mš—vbfiv msmv‡ii ¯^cœI wZwb †`L‡Zb| Zuvi
e¨w³MZ Rxe‡bi evwK As‡ki A‡bKUvB c`©vi Avov‡jB †_‡K †M‡Q|
we‡bvw`bx hLb wK‡kvix, ZLb hyeZxi f‚wgKvq Awfbq Kiv w`‡q ïi“ n‡qwQj Zuvi i½g‡Âi Rxeb| gvÎ GK
hyM ci hLb wZwb De©kx, †hŠebeZx hyeZx, ZLb †Q‡o w`‡jb gÂ †Kv‡bv GK ARvbv Awfgv‡b| `k©‡Kiv Zuvi
bvP-Mvb-Awfbq †`‡L wkm evRvZ, dzwZ© KiZ, wKš‘ Ggb ¯^xK…Z eviewbZv‡K mgv‡Ri †Kv‡bv AskB MÖnY
K‡iwb| Zuvi GK Kb¨vmš—vb‡K wZwb †Kv‡bv ¯‹z‡jI fwZ© Kiv‡Z cv‡ibwb Zuvi mvgvwRK cwiP‡qi Kvi‡Y|
iex›`Öbv_‡K m‡½ wb‡qB R‡š§wQ‡jb wZwb 1862 ev 1864 mv‡j| iex›`Öbv‡_i †e‡o IVvi m‡½ m‡½ †e‡o I‡V
evsjvi AvaywbK bvUäviv| wKš‘ iex›`Öbv_ hLb mwµq Zuvi m„wói RM‡Z, we‡bvw`bx ZLb Zuvi Kg©‡¶Î Z_v
i½g‡Âi evB‡i| wKš‘ Kx KvKZvjxq NUbv, iex›`Öbv_ hLb wPiKv‡ji Rb¨ Bnavg Qvo‡eb, Zvi m‡½I MuvU
euva‡jb wZwb| AvRxeb wewfbœ i¶‡Ki †L`gZ K‡i 1941 mv‡j wZwbI †`nZ¨vM K‡ib|
we‡bvw`bxi g„Zzï ci †Kv‡bv †kvfvhvÎv nqwb †Kv_vI| Kxfv‡e Zuv‡K `vn Kiv n‡qwQj, ZviI †Zgb †Kv‡bv
eY©bv cvIqv hvq bv| eviewbZvi eivZ wb‡q Rš§ wb‡q Rxeb aviY K‡i‡Qb wZwb| wKš‘ Zuvi Awfbq-Rxe‡b wZwb
D¾¡jZvi ¯^v¶i †i‡L †M‡Qb, †mLvb †_‡K wb‡P bvgv‡bv hvqwb| Pviw`‡K GLb Zuvi A‡bK ¸YKxZ©b| Zuv‡K wb‡q
`yB evsjvq bvUK, hvÎv n‡q‡Q| KjKvZvq wm‡bgv n‡q‡Q 1992 mv‡j|
we‡bvw`bxi mgq cvi n‡q‡Q cÖvq †ò k eQi Av‡M| bvU‡Ki ci wm‡bgv G‡m‡Q| wm‡bgvi ci †Uwjwfkb|
mgq e`‡j‡Q gvÎ| we‡bvw`bx‡ì iƒ‡ciI cwieZ©b n‡q‡Q| ¸g©yL iv‡qi †jevm cv‡ë nq‡Zv GLb G‡m‡Qb
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GLb Zv n‡jv, AvR‡Ki we‡bvw`bx‡K †Kej GKRb wMwik †Nv‡li Zuv‡e`vwii Kv‡Q e›`x nIqvi my‡hvM Kg| Gi
g‡a¨ G‡m‡Q wk¶v Ges †g‡q‡ì wb‡Ri cv‡q, wb‡Ri cwiP‡q eo nIqvi my‡hvM| †m Kvi‡YB Awfbq Ki‡Z
Avmv AvR‡Ki †Kv‡bv Zi“Yx‡K we‡bvw`bxi fvM¨ wb‡q Rxeb KvUv‡Z n‡”Q bv|
A_P we‡bvw`bxi mš—vb‡K Zuvi Kv‡j ¯‹z‡j fwZ© Kiv nqwb, †ei K‡iI †Ìqv n‡qwQj| Avi AvR we‡bvw`bxi
bv‡g KjKvZvq GKUv moK n‡q‡Q| Zuv‡K wb‡q Drme nq| Zuvi Rxeb wb‡q Pjw”PÎ evbv‡bvi ci `yB evsjvq
Zuv‡K wb‡q bvUK †jLv n‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki Ab¨Zg cÖavb GKwU `j ÔXvKv w_‡qUviÕ gÂ¯’ K‡i‡Q †mwjg Avj
`x‡bi †jLv we‡bvw`bx| Zuvi Pwi‡Î Awfbq K‡i‡Qb ¸Yx bvU¨wkíx wkg~j BDmyd| KjKvZvq A‡bK n‡q‡Q wbðq,
86
Z‡e hvècyi wek¦we`¨vjq K¨v¤úv‡m 2014 mv‡ji wW‡m¤î gv‡m GKUv †cv÷vi †`‡LwQjvg, †mLv‡b †jLv
wQjÑeª‡R›`ÖKzgvi †ì cvjvbvUK bUx we‡bvw`bx gÂ¯’ n‡e 24 wW‡m¤î 2014|
ÔmnR ci‡eÕ wefvm PµeZ©x

Avgv‡ì bvUK gnvR‡bi bvI wb‡q Avevi Avgiv KjKvZvq nvwRi nB 2014 mv‡ji AvM÷ gv‡m| Ô†`vnviÕ Avi
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bvUKwUi cwiPq Zz‡j ai‡Z G‡mwQ‡jb wefvm PµeZ©x|
gRvi e¨vcvi GB †h, wefvm PµeZ©xi gvae gvjÂ KBb¨v w`‡qB ïi“ n‡qwQj †`‡ki evB‡ii †Kv‡bv
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IUv GKUv Avš—R©vwZK bv‡U¨vrme wQj| w`wj †_‡K G‡mwQj wnw›`fvlx nvwee Zvbwf‡ii bvUK PiY`vm †Pvi|
†m bvUK †`‡LI gy» n‡qwQjvg| wKš‘ KjKvZvi GB bvUKwU Avgvi †PvL †K‡o †bq g~jZ Zvi Av‡jvKm¾v Avi
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Ab¨ wm‡jwU fvlvq mevB K_v ej‡Q| †`k wefvM wb‡q K_v nq wefvm`vi m‡½| wVK GKB welq wb‡q Gi ciI
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Kg©Kv‡Ê A‡bK wKQy †hvM K‡i‡Qb| †m Zzjbvq †`k wefv‡Mi d‡j evsjv‡`k ïay Rqbyj Qvov eo gv‡ci Avi
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Pjw”P‡Îi bvgKiv hZ Awf‡bZv-Awf‡bÎx wQ‡jb, †hgbÑQwe wek¦vm, DËgKzgvi, mvweÎx P‡Ævcva¨vq, Kv‡eix emy,
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†mme Dcb¨vm †_‡K bvUKI n‡Zv| myZivs, `k©‡Kiv Pjw”P‡Îi Awf‡bZv-Awf‡bÎx‡ì Rxeš— †`L‡Z cvIqvi
Rb¨ i½gÂ¸‡jv‡Z wfo KiZ †ewk| MÖ“c w_‡qUv‡i †m Zzjbvq `k©‡Ki msL¨v Kg _vKZ| evwYRÏ †mLv‡b wQj
bv| k¨vgjxi g‡Zv bvUK nvRvi iRbx gÂ¯’ n‡q‡Q| Gme bvUK mßv‡n wZb w`b n‡Zv| e„n¯úwZ, kwb I
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Kgvwk©qv‡j wUwKU KvU‡Z n‡Zv 30 †_‡K 50 UvKvq| d‡j Awf‡bZv-Awf‡bÎxiv GUv‡K †ckv wn‡m‡eB wb‡Z
cvi‡Zb|
gÂ‡K cy‡Rv Ki‡Zb bU-bUxiv| cÖYvg K‡i Lvwj cv‡q g‡Â DV‡Zb| GB gÂB Zuv‡ì Rxe‡bi I RxweKvi
ZvwM` †gUvZ| †m Kvi‡Y GKRb k¤¢z wgÎ wKsev Drcj `Ë ev wefvm PµeZ©x Avi wKQy bv K‡iB Rxeb
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n‡q‡Qb †mB mË‡ii `kK †_‡KB| wKš‘ KjKvZvi †KD †mUv K‡ibwb e‡jB Mvwo nuvwK‡q i½g‡Â hvIqvi Kcvj
GKgvÎ Drcj `‡Ëi n‡qwQj, Zv-I †kl 10 eQ‡i| hLb wZwb evwYwR¨K Qwe‡Z Awfbq Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡ib|
87
KjKvZvi ivR¨ miKvi Aek¨ †ek wKQy †¶‡Î c„ô‡cvlKZv K‡i _v‡K ¸Yx bvU¨Rb‡ì| wefvm PµeZ©x‡K
GKUv cuvP KvVvi cU w`‡q‡Q cwðge½ miKvi| †mLv‡b wZwb M‡o Zzj‡Qb Zuvi wbR¯^ bvU¨PP©v †K›`Ö|
¸Yx bvUë¨w³Z¡ wMwik †Nvl‡KI h‡_ó m¤§v‡bi m‡½ ivL‡Q cwðge½ miKvi| wZwb †h evwo‡Z _vK‡Zb, †m
evwoUvi mvg‡b Zuvi GKUv jvBd mvBR fv¯‹h© evwb‡q ivLv n‡q‡Q| fv¯‹‡h©i †ewì wb‡P †jLv: ÔAvaywbK evsjv
bvU‡Ki AMÖcw_K bU I bvU¨Kvi gnvKwe wMwikP›`Ö †Nvl| Rš§ 28 †deª“qvwi 1844, g„Zz¨ 8 †deª“qvwi 1912|Õ
G evwowU‡Z †KD GLb _v‡Kb bv| GUv‡K Rv`yN‡i cwiYZ Kivi cwiKíbv Av‡Q ggZv miKv‡ii| wKš‘ cÖ_‡gB
evav †c‡q‡Qb wZwb| ggZv e¨vbvwR©i wcÖq is bxj Avi meyR| Zuvi mv`v kvwo‡Z bxj cvo _v‡K| wZwb KjKvZvi
HwZnvwmK wKQy `vjvb‡K bxj-mv`v Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| wMwik †Nv‡li evwoi nj‡` isUv‡KI wZwb bxj-mv`v Ki‡Z
†P‡qwQ‡jb| KvRI ïi“ n‡qwQj| wKš‘ GjvKvevmxi cÖwZev‡ì gy‡L †mUv Avi Kiv m¤¢e nqwb| †m Kvi‡Y
evwoUv Zvi cy‡iv‡bv njy` i‡OB ivOv‡bv Av‡Q|
bvUKcvovq GK †ejv
2014 mv‡ji AvM÷ gv‡m ÔmnR cieÕ Drm‡ei mgq GK‡ejv †ewi‡qwQjvg †m Avg‡ji bvUKcvovi eZ©gvb
nvj-nwKKZ †`Lvi Rb¨| Avgvi MvBW Avgvi †mB wcÖq U¨vw· WªvBfvi kvn Avjg| Avi m½x gvmyg Acy I †WBwR
`¤úwZ| Avgvi nv‡Z Avgvi †bvUeyK| Avwg WªvBfvi‡K KL‡bv †jL‡Ki bvg ewj, KL‡bv †Kv‡bv n‡ji bvg, m‡½
m‡½ Avgv‡K †cuŠ‡Q †`q †mme RvqMvq| Avwg †b‡g wM‡q K‡qKUv Qwe Zz‡j Avevi cieZ©x RvqMvwU †`L‡Z hvB|
wMwik †Nv‡li evwoi Kv‡QB wMwik gÂ| Ebwesk kZvãxi †kl 20 eQi †_‡K ïi“ K‡i 1912 mv‡j Zuvi
g„Zzï mgq ch©š— †`v`©Ê cÖZv‡c evsjvi bvU¨g‡Â `vwc‡q †ewi‡q‡Qb wZwb| mybv‡gi cvkvcvwk e`bvgI wQj
Zuvi| wKš‘ Zuv‡K ¯§iY Ki‡Z †fv‡jwb KjKvZv †cŠimfv| 1980 mv‡j cwðge½ miKv‡ii gyL¨gš¿x †R¨vwZ emy
Zuvi bv‡g †h g‡Âi D‡Øvab K‡iwQ‡jb, Zvi KvR †kl nq Qq eQi c‡i, 1986 mv‡j| †mB †_‡K DËi KjKvZvi
evMevRvi mo‡K GB g‡Â cÖwZwbqZB AwfbxZ n‡”Q bvbv iK‡gi bvUK|
g¨v‡bRv‡ii N‡i XzK‡ZB †`wL, wMwikP›`Ö †Nv‡li GKUv †cv‡Uª©U euvwa‡q ivLv n‡q‡Q| wMwik evey aywZ c‡i Lvwj
Mv‡q e‡m Av‡Qb| mË‡ivaŸ© eq‡mi Qwe| GKevi g‡b n‡qwQj nv‡Z AuvKv †ZjwPÎ| LyuwU‡q †`‡L eySjvg, IUv
Av‡jvKwPÎ| mv`vKv‡jv Qwe †_‡K iwOb Kiv e‡jB g‡b n‡jv| g¨v‡bRv‡ii AbygwZ wb‡q †fZ‡ii AwWUwiqvgUv
†`‡L Avwm| PgrKvi Av‡qvRb| g‡Âi †cQ‡b †ek †Lvjv RvqMv| A‡bK AvmevecÎ wb‡q Avmv n‡q‡Q| DBs‡mi
`ycv‡k †ek RvqMv| †mvdv †mU, †Uwej-†Pqvi, Avjgvwi ivLv| wi‡qwjw÷K d‡g©i bvU‡K †hme Avmeve eënvi
Kiv nq, Zvi cÖvq meB Av‡Q GLv‡b|
bvU¨g‡Âi mvg‡bB wUwKUNi| mviv w`bB wUwKU †ePvi eë¯’v _v‡K| GB wUwKUN‡ii mvg‡b KZ¸‡jv bvU‡Ki
†cv÷vi| G g‡Â G gv‡m †h Zvwi‡L †h bvUK¸‡jv gÂ¯’ n‡e, Zvi ZvwjKv| †`wL we‡eKvb›` ¯§i‡Y ex‡ik¦i
we‡eKvb›` Avi we‡eK Avgvi bv‡g `y‡Uv bvUK n‡e GLv‡b|
¯^vgx we‡eKvb‡›ì m‡½ A‡bK fv‡jv m¤úK© wQj wMwik †Nv‡li| Iw`‡K kÖxivgK…ò I wMwikI Nwbô wQ‡jb|
we‡eKvb›` bvU¨g‡Âi `k©KI wQ‡jb| ¯^vgxi ms¯ú‡k© G‡m wMwik †Nv‡li PvwiwÎK A‡bK cwieZ©bI nq| `yR‡bi
†KDB AvR †bB| A_P GKR‡bi Rxeb wb‡q bvUK n‡”Q Avi AciR‡bi bv‡g evbv‡bv bvU¨gÂ|
`y‡Uv wfbœ ¯^v‡ì bvU‡Ki mvBb‡evW©I †Pv‡L coj| i‡gb jvwnoxi †jLv ivR‡hvUK, P›`b †m‡bi wd‡i †`Lv|
mvgvwRK nvwmi bvUK e‡jB g‡b nq| Z‡e Ôbv›`xi½Õi dzUzm †h K‡gwW bvUK, bvg †`‡LB †evSv hvq| g~javivi
Pjw”PÎKvi‡ìI bvUK n‡”Q| eªvZ¨ emyi †Ki mvBb‡evW© †Pv‡L co‡jI Av‡Qb †kK&mwcqviI| Bs‡iRiv
MuvwÆ‡euvPKv wb‡q hLb G‡mwQj †mB Aóv`k kZ‡K, ZLb †kK&mwcqviI G‡mwQ‡jb KjKvZvq| ZLb wQj
Bs‡iwR‡Z, GLb iƒcvš—wiZ, Ab~w`Z n‡q Avm‡Qb G‡Kev‡i GB 2014 mv‡jI| mvgvwRKfv‡e wbtm½ GK e„×
`¤úwZi K_v ej‡e Ôk~`ªKÕ Zv‡ì `nbv‡š— bvU‡K| GUv †èvwkm gRyg`v‡ii bvUK| †kK&mwcqvi‡K wKš‘
KjKvZv KL‡bvB fz‡j hvqwb| Zuvi bv‡g moK Av‡Q GKUv iex›`Öm`‡bi Kv‡Q| Zuvi eû bvUK eû bvU¨`j wbqwgZ
Awfbq Ki‡Q GL‡bv Ges Zuvi Av‡e`b KL‡bvB KgviI K_v bq| †kK&mwcqv‡ii I‡_‡jv‡K †MŠZg nvj`vi
cÖ‡hvRbv Ki‡Qb iZbKzgvi `v‡mi Abyev‡`|
GKwU bvU‡Ki †cv÷vi I weÁvcb †`‡LB wKš‘ Avwg eZ©gvbKv‡j GB Kgvwk©qvj bvUKcvovq Kx ai‡bi bvUK
gÂ¯’ nq, Zvi GKUv wPÎ †c‡q hvB| Avwg ey‡S wbB, GLbKvi bvUKcvov bvbv wKwm‡gi wgkÖ‡Y mqjve| hZ
iK‡gi bvUK gÂ¯’ n‡Z cv‡i, Zvi me iK‡giB cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvixiv GLv‡b Av‡Qb| DËi KjKvZvi †mB weWb
w÷ªUUv Avgvi †`Lvi Lye kL wQj| GKmgq weWb w÷ªU w_‡qUvicvov M‡o D‡VwQj †mLvbKvi ÷vi, wgbvf©v
88
i½gÂ¸‡jvi †`Šj‡Z| †mLv‡b GL‡bv †m¸‡jv Av‡Q, mo‡Ki bvg cv‡ë‡Q gvÎ| weªwUk‡ì †SuwU‡q we`vq Kivi
eQi cÂv‡kK ci †_‡K ax‡i ax‡i weªwUk bvg¸‡jvI mwi‡q †djv n‡q‡Q| jW© Kb©Iqvwj‡ki bv‡gi moKwU n‡q‡Q
cwðge‡½i cÖ_g gyL¨gš¿x weavbP›`Ö iv‡qi bv‡g| GLb IUv weavb miwY| DËi KjKvZvi nvwZevMv‡bB Zvi
Ae¯’vb| GLv‡bB M‡o D‡VwQj GB w_‡qUvi 1884 mv‡j| GB mo‡KiB GK evwo‡Z _vKv bUx we‡bvw`bx Zuvi GK
i¶‡Ki KvQ †_‡K 50 nvRvi UvKv wb‡qwQ‡jb GKwU w_‡qUvi nj evbv‡bvi Rb¨| evbv‡bvI n‡qwQj| K_v wQj,
Gi bvg n‡e Ôwe-w_‡qUviÕ| nqwb, n‡qwQj Ô÷vi w_‡qUviÕ| we‡bvw`bxi Ab¨Zg bvU¨ AwffveK wMwik †NvlI
GKmgq gyL wdwi‡q wb‡qwQ‡jb we‡bvw`bxi KvQ †_‡K| G g‡ÂB Zuvi Rxe‡bi †kl AwfbqI K‡iwQ‡jb|
nvwZevMv‡bi GB Ô÷vi w_‡qUviÕ Aek¨ GLb †h Ae¯’vq †`LwQ, Zv Zvi bZzb iƒc| gvSLv‡b GKevi Av¸b
†j‡M cy‡o hvq| 2002 mvj †_‡K GUv Avevi bZzb K‡i `k©K gvZv‡Z ïi“ K‡i| bZzb njwU evbv‡bv n‡jI Zvi
evB‡ii d¨vmvWwU wVKB ivLv nqÑ†mB 1884 mv‡ji wbg©vY‰kjxi Av`‡j| GLb GLv‡b Kv‡jf‡`ª bvUK nq|
†ewki fvM mgq wm‡bgvi cÖ`k©bB P‡j|
GB Ô÷vi w_‡qUviÕ w`‡qB wKš‘ KjKvZvi cÖ_g Pjw”PÎ cÖ`k©bxi m~Pbv n‡qwQj| evsjv‡`‡ki gvwbKM‡Äi
†Q‡j fvi‡Zi cÖ_g Pjw”PÎ cwi‡ekK nxivjvj †mb GB ÷vi w_‡qUv‡iB cÖ_g Pjw”PÎ †`Lvb|
÷vi w_‡qUv‡ii jwe‡Z PviwU cÖgvYmvB‡Ri †ZjwPÎ| evg w`K †_‡K Av‡Qb wm÷vi wb‡ew`Zv, ivgK…ò, bUx
we‡bvw`bx Avi Zuvi cv‡kB wMwik †Nvl| D‡ëv w`‡Ki †`qv‡j GKK Av‡iKwU †cv‡Uª©U| †mLv‡bI Mv‡q aywZ †cuwP‡q
wMwik †Nvl ùvwo‡q| we‡bvw`bxi RxeÏkvq †kl ch©š— wMwik †Nv‡li Rb¨B VuvB nqwb Zuvi Ô÷vi w_‡qUv‡iÕ|
NUbvi kZ eQi ci AvR `yRbB mgvb gh©v`vq Avmxb, we‡bvw`bx nq‡Zv LvwbK Ic‡iB| nvwZevMv‡bi cy‡iv‡bv
w_‡qUvi¸‡jv Luy‡R Luy‡R †`L‡Z hvB| Avgiv †`wL Ôwgbvf©vÕ, ÔweRb w_‡qUviÕ, Ôi½bv w_‡qUviÕ| wgbvf©vq GL‡bv
bvUK nq| Gi Ae¯’v †gvUvgywU fv‡jv| wKš‘ ÔweRb w_‡qUv‡iiÕ Ae¯’v ¶wqòz Rwg`vi evwoi g‡Zv| Zvi wUwKU
KvD›Uvi, g¨v‡bRv‡ii i“g, n‡ji †fZ‡ii c`©v ev †Pqv‡ii `kvÑmewKQyB e‡j w`‡”Q †h, GUvB Zvi †kl mgq|
GKevi †f‡O †djvi ci GLv‡b bZzb hv wKQyB †nvK bv †Kb, bvU‡Ki Av‡qvRb †Zgb Avi _vK‡e bv|
`w¶Y KjKvZvi XvKzwiqv‡Z 1995 mv‡j evbv‡bv n‡qwQj Ôgaym~`b gÂÕ| 2015 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi gv‡m GK
`ycy‡i wM‡q †KŠZ‚njekZ Pjgvb bvUK¸‡jvi †cv÷vi †`‡L Gjvg| †`wL, ILv‡bI gÂ¯’ n‡”Q †ewki fvMB nvwmi
bvUK|
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†Zgwb P‡j bvUKI| Z‡e Ime bvU‡Ki aib Av‡iKUz Avjv`v|
hvÎvi wecYb‡K‡›`Ö wM‡q †cuŠ‡Q wQjvg GKevi| wPrcy‡ii GK As‡k, mo‡Ki `yB cvk Ry‡o KZ¸‡jv †QvU †QvU
†`vKvb| Giv mevB hvÎvcvjvi eywKs G‡R›U| cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki †`vKv‡bi mvg‡b †ek KwU hvÎvi †cv÷vi| †mLv‡b cvjvi
bvg, cwiPvjK, Awf‡bZv-Awf‡bÎx, GgbwK bvgKiv wcÖ‡Ým‡ì QweI †Ìqv Av‡Q| Gme †`‡L gd¯^j †_‡K
Avmv Av‡qvR‡Kiv hvÎv cÖ`k©bxi evqbv K‡i iv‡Lb Ges †m Abyhvqx hvÎvi `j h_vmg‡q IB me RvqMvq wM‡q
hvÎv gÂ¯’ K‡i Av‡m| evwYwR¨K bvU‡Ki GB avivwU KjKvZvq GL‡bv †ek RbwcÖq Ges GB evwYRÜv GL‡bv
†ek RgRgvU|
wPrcy‡ii †h As‡k bvU‡Ki GB wecYb‡K›`Ö, Zvi Aci cv‡kB KjKvZvi e„nËg MwYKvjq| Gi bvg
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bvwK GiKg Ae¯’vb G‡Kev‡iB KvKZvjxq? Rvwb bv| Z‡e Dwbk kZ‡Ki Avwki `k‡K bvixi Pwi‡Î bvix‡K w`‡q
Awfbq Kiv‡bvi Rb¨ wKš‘ GB cvov †_‡KB eviewbZviv G‡mwQj, cvewjK †kv‡Z f`ªN‡ii bvix‡ì AvMgb N‡U
AviI c‡i| ev‡qv‡¯‹v‡ci AvMg‡bi ci †_‡KB ax‡i ax‡i KjKvZvi i½gÂ¸‡jvq wfo Kg‡Z ïi“ K‡i| Gici
Gj wm‡bgv| Kgvwk©qvj w_‡qUv‡ii Avw½KUv‡KB hLb †mjyj‡q‡W wb‡q Avmv n‡jv, ZLb Avw½‡Ki cwieZ©‡bi
m‡½ m‡½ gvby‡li i“wP I Pvwn`viI cwieZ©b n‡q hvq| i½g‡Âi bU-bUx iƒcvš—wiZ nb i“cvwj c`©vi bvqK-
bvwqKvq| `k©‡Kiv †Kej ¯’vb cwieZ©b K‡ibÑi½gÂ †_‡K wm‡bgvi nj|
KjKvZvi g~javivi bvUK GLb Ôb›`bÕ-†Kw›`ÖKB| †mB †h Pwj‡ki `k‡K bevbœ w`‡q ïi“ n‡qwQj, Zvi
hvÎv G‡m †V‡K‡Q GB Ôb›`‡bÕ| Ôb›`bÕ PZ¡iwU GKUz AbïKgB| mvg‡b †kK&mwcqvi miwY| GKmgq GUv wQj
89
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M½vcv‡ii Lvevi
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KL‡bv †bBwb| GB Avgvi Lvevi| Avgv‡ì fviZe‡l© bvbv AÂ‡ji gvbyl bvbvfv‡eB Lvq| Gi GKUv `xN©
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A‡kv‡Ki c„ô‡cvlKZvq g‡ì bvbv ¯^v` Ges kK©iv †_‡K DbœZ Rv‡Zi g` Drcv`b Kivi c×wZ Avwe®‹…Z nq|
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Kì ev‡o fviZxq‡ì g‡a¨| Gi cvkvcvwk U‡g‡Uv I wPwj mm‡K fviZxq‡ì m‡½ cwiPq Kwi‡q †`q
cZ©zwMRiv| d‡j, cieZ©xKv‡j fviZxq Lvev‡i GB Dcv`vb¸‡jvi eënvi ïi“ nq|
1500 †_‡K 1800 mv‡j †gvMj Avg‡j Lv`¨ iÜbcÖYvwji †¶‡Î Pig DrKl© mvwaZ nq| fviZe‡l©i
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cvqwb, Zviv Gme Svj ZiKvwi‡Z Avm³ n‡q c‡o|
1800 †_‡K 1947 ch©š— cy‡iv fviZ kvmb K‡i weªwUkiv| g~jZ fviZxq gmjvi e¨vcK L¨vwZ weªwUk,
cZ©zwMRmn cwðgv we‡k¦i AwfhvÎx‡ì †U‡b Av‡b fviZe‡l©| GB Avg‡jB weªwUk‡ì c_ a‡i fviZe‡l© Av‡m
we‡k¦i bvbv cÖv‡š—i gvbyl| weªwUk‡ì gva¨‡g fvi‡Zi Lv`¨m¤¢v‡i Lye †ewk bZzb Dcv`vb †hvM bv n‡jI ˆPwbK
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Ges Zv‡ì w`‡q iuvav-evovmn mvsmvwiK hveZxq KvR KivZ| wdm A¨vÛ wPcm ev †eK&W evUvi †eªW LvIqv wRe
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Zv‡ì †KD †KD †mme †eqviv-eveywP©‡K we‡j‡Z wb‡qI †hZ †mÖd Zv‡ì †iu‡a LvIqv‡bvi Rb¨| we‡j‡Zi wK‡P‡b
cÖ_g fviZxq ivbœvi cwiPq Zv‡ì w`‡qB nq| Z‡e cÖ_g †h wm‡jwU we‡jZ wM‡qwQ‡jb, Zuvi bvg ˆmq` Avjx|
1809 mv‡j wcZ… nZ¨vi cÖwZ‡kva †bIqvi Rb¨ wZwb ¯‹Uj¨v‡Û hvb| gRvi e¨vcvi, hv‡K nZ¨v Kivi Rb¨ wZwb
we‡jZ wM‡qwQ‡jb, Zvi evwo‡ZB cvPK wn‡m‡e Zuvi wb‡qvM nq|
cÖ_g wek¦hy‡×i ci †_‡KB g~jZ Rvnv‡R †P‡c wKQy †jvK jÛ‡b hvb| huv‡ì 80 fvMB wQ‡jb evsjv‡`‡ki
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LvIqv`vIqv Ki‡Zb| †gm cwiPvjK‡ì ejv n‡Zv weï| A‡bK RvnvwR Avevi GKUz fv‡jv LvIqv`vIqvi Avkvq
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_v‡K `yiš— mvnmx RvnvwR‡ì Ges Zvi ciB Gi weKvk NUvb Zuviv Bsj¨v‡Û| †m Av‡iK BwZnvm| Bsj¨v‡Ûi
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iex›`Öbv‡_i Lvevi
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iex›`Öbv_‡K| Zuvi †jLv †_‡K Zuvi cQ›Ùv Rvb‡Z †c‡iwQjvg| wZwb †gvPvi NÈ †_‡K ïi“ K‡i gvQ I gvs‡mi
bvbv c` fxlY cQ›` Ki‡Zb| Zuvi k¦ïievwo evsjv‡`‡ki h‡kv‡i| h‡kv‡ii †g‡q feZvwiYx wbðqB KL‡bv
KL‡bv cQ‡›ì `y-wZbwU c` GKm‡½ wgwk‡q evbv‡Zb bZzb ai‡bi ivbœv ৷ Zuvi Rš§w`‡b GK Abyôv‡b G‡m GB
K_vB GKevi e‡jwQ‡jb iex›`Öbv‡_i cÖ‡cŠÎ myb›` VvKzi ৷ iex›`Öbv_ VvKz‡ii cQ‡›ì Lvevi wb‡q weavb bM‡ii wW
91
†kvfivwb †i‡¯—viuvq GK w`‡bi GK Drme n‡qwQj৷ †mLv‡b Zuvi cQ‡›ì bvi‡Kj `ya w`‡q wPswo, PvjZv w`‡q
gy‡Mi Wvj †hgb wQj, †Zgwb wQj wdwjcvBwb wP‡Kb৷ myb›èvey ej‡jb, iex›`Öbv_ †`‡k-we‡`‡k †hLv‡bB †h‡Zb,
†mLv‡b wM‡q bZzb bZzb Lvevi †L‡Z fv‡jvevm‡Zb৷ †Kv‡bv Lvevi cQ›` n‡jB †R‡b wb‡Zb Kx K‡i evbv‡bv
n‡q‡Q৷ Zuvi ¯¿xi Kv‡Q c‡i †mB me Lvevi †L‡Z PvB‡Zb৷ Zv Qvov †QvU †_‡KB NUv K‡i cvwjZ n‡Zv Zuvi
Rš§w`b৷ m‡Z¨›`Öbv_ VvKzi we‡`k †_‡K wd‡i Avmvi ci Zuvi ¯¿x Ávb`vbw›`bx iwe VvKz‡ii Rš§w`b cÖ_g cvjb
K‡ib| †mme Abyôv‡b Bs‡iwR Kvq`vq †KKI KvUv n‡Zv|
iex›`Öbv_ VvKzi bvbv ai‡bi Lvevi fv‡jvevm‡Zb| KL‡bv KL‡bv wb‡Ri nv‡Z ivbœvI Ki‡Zb| †hgb c¨vwUm,
my¨c, cvB, KvU‡jU, †iv÷, Kveve BZ¨vw`| Zuvi GB †fvRbcÖxwZ evwoi VvKziNi‡KI cÖfvweZ K‡iwQj| †`k-
we‡`k Ny‡i wZwb cwiwPZ n‡q‡Qb A‡bK RvwZ‡Mvôxi gvbyl I Zv‡ì ms¯‹…wZi m‡½| wewfbœ †fv‡Ri wbgš¿Y †hgb
wZwb MÖnY Ki‡Zb, †Zgwb cÖwm× me †i‡¯—viuvi †gby¨ KvW©I msMÖn Ki‡Zb mh‡Zœ| Zvici †m¸‡jv wb‡q G‡m
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Ges AwgZv‡fi Lvevi msKU nq bv|
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92
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fv¯‹h© evwb‡q †`vKv‡bi mvg‡b iv‡Lb Zuvi evev| Avi †bZvwRi Rš§w`b 23 Rvbyqvwi‡Z GB †`vKv‡b mevB‡K wd«
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DË‡i GgbUv Rvbv †Mj †h, iex›`Öbv_ GUv cQ›`B Ki‡Zb| Z‡e wZwb hZUv Ki‡Zb, MvÜxwR ZZUvB AcQ›`
Ki‡Zb| NUbv Ggb wQj †h, iex›`Öbv_ VvKzi GKevi †Z‡j fvRv Lvw”Q‡jb| MvÜxwR †mB `„k¨ †`‡L Zuv‡K
ej‡jb, ÔAvcwb Rv‡bb, Avcwb wel Lv‡”Qb?Õ iex›`Öbv_ ej‡jb, ÔGB wel †L‡qB Avwg AvR 65 eQi †eu‡P AvwQ
Ges bx‡ivMB AvwQ|Õ
wnmve K‡i †`Ljvg, G msjvcwU hLb ˆZwi nq, ZLb 1926-27 mvj Ges Zuvi evwoi Kv‡QB †L`y mvD‡qi
†Z‡j fvRvi GB †`vKvb wQj| hwÌ †m mgq kvwš—wb‡KZ‡bB _vK‡Zb wZwb, †Rvovmuv‡Kvq G‡j GLvbKvi GB
dzUcv‡Z ùvwo‡qB nq‡Zv McvMc `y‡Uv †Z‡j fvRv †g‡i w`‡Z fzj Ki‡Zb bv|
†bZvwRi †cuqvwRi †`vKv‡bi mvg‡bi †mB dzUcv‡Z GLb Avwg Avi gvmyg ùvwo‡q| Avwg e¨w³MZfv‡e
fvRv‡cvov Kg †L‡Z PvB| Ggwb‡Z nvB Kj‡÷ij| gvmyg Acy h‡_ó Zi“Y| ejjvg, Ôme Mí †kvbvi ci Zzwg
wK `y‡Uv †Z‡j fvRv wbev? Mvwo‡Z †Zvgvi eD Av‡Q, Zuv‡K GKUv...| Zzwg GKUv LvI|Õ
Acy e‡j, ÔAvwg MvÜxwRi `‡j| Avwg wbw”Q bv| Avcwb eis iex›`Öbv‡_i `‡j P‡j Av‡mb| `y‡Uv GKvB Lvb|Õ
ewj, ÔGLb we‡Kj wZbUv ev‡R| Avgvi fvZ †L‡Z B”Qv Ki‡Q|Õ
gvmyg LvwbK¶Y Kx †hb fvej| Zvici ejj, ÔMvwo‡Z P‡jb| mvg‡b ÔfRnwi gvbœvÕ Av‡Q| Avcbv‡K Avwg
AvR LvIqvB|Õ
KjKvZvi Lvevi
93
fRnwi gvbœvi K_v ï‡bwQ A‡bK, †L‡qwQ GKevi gvÎ| nvwZevMv‡b ÷vi w_‡qUv‡ii cv‡k Zvi GKUv AvDU‡jU
Av‡Q, †mLv‡b| GLv‡b LvIqvi Rb¨ Avgv‡K Aby‡cÖiYv w`‡qwQj gvmyg Acy| Zvi mvwU©wd‡KU Kv‡R †j‡MwQj|
†fZ‡ii mvRm¾v †_‡K ïi“ K‡i Lvevi cwi‡ekbvq †h GKUv Lv›`vwb fve Av‡Q, GUv †evSv †Mj| m‡½ ivbœv
Avi cwi‡ekbÑmeB wQj G‡Kev‡iB evOvwji Lvevi †`vKv‡bi g‡Zv| †L‡Z †L‡Z Avgiv †i÷z‡i‡›Ui †jvK‡K
†W‡K G‡b Mí Kwi|
A‡bK Av‡M gvbœv †ì MvIqv GKUv Mvb ï‡bwQjvgÑÔjv jv jv jv/ Avwg kÖx kÖx fRnwi gvbœv,/ B¯—v¤^yj wM‡q/
Rvcvb Kveyj wM‡q/ wk‡LwQ mnR GB ivbœv\ nv‡Z wb‡q †WKwP/ †hB Zzwj †nuPwK,/ wewiqvwb †Kvigv/ c‡Uv‡ji
†`vjgv,/ wg‡jwg‡k n‡q hvq/ c¨vwi‡mi n¨vPwK,/ cv‡eb bv gmjvUv/ †hLv‡bB hvb bv...Õ|
cyjK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq GKwU Qov wj‡LwQ‡jb lv‡Ui `k‡K| QovwUi bvg wQj iuvaywb-wgVzqv| Zvi cÖ_g ¯—eK wQj
GgbÑ
Avwg kÖx kÖx wgVzivg gvbœv,
RvgvBKv-wMÖm wM‡q KvbvWv-c¨vwim wM‡q
wk‡LwQ mnR GB ivbœv\
nv‡Z wb‡q †WP wK †hB Zzwj †nuPwK
wewiqvwb †Kvigv
c‡Uv‡ji †`vjgv wg‡jwg‡k n‡q hvq
D‡”Qi Q¨vP wK,
gy‡L w`‡j GB nvwm GB cv‡e Kvbœv \...
myaxb `vk¸‡ßi my‡i Qov †_‡K wKwÂr m¤úv`bv K‡i MvbwU eënvi Kiv n‡qwQj cÖ_g K`g dzj Qwe‡Z 1970
mv‡j| †mB †_‡K evOvwji Lvevi wb‡q G Mvb `yB evsjvq h‡_ó RbwcÖqZv cvq Avi Zuvi bvg †_‡KB 2003 mv‡j
Pvi eÜz wg‡j mvD_ c‡q‡›U jywP Avi Avjyi `‡gi †`vKvb †Lv‡jb| bvg †`b ÔfRnwi gvbœvÕ| GLb Gi igigv
Ae¯’v| †Lv` KjKvZvq Av‡Q AvUUv AvDU‡jU| G Qvov Av‡Q wkwj¸wo, e¨v½vjyi“ I gy ¤v^ B‡Z| Klv‡bv Lvwmi
gvsm, Wve wPswo Avi †Zjvwcqvi †SvjÑGK`g nvZ Wzwe‡q †Ljvg Avgiv evmgwZ Pv‡ji m‡½| m‡½ wQj bvbvb
c‡ì fZ©v Avi †e¸bfvRv|
KjKvZvi wewiqvwb XvKvi †P‡q Avjv`v| A‡bK Nªv‡Yi Avi j¤^v Pv‡ji n‡q _v‡K| Lye gRv K‡i †L‡qwQjvg
Gm Gb e¨vbvwR© †iv‡Wi ÔAvwgwbqvÕ‡Z| Gi gmjvi Kw¤^‡bkb, big gvsm Avi `g AvjyÑme wgwj‡q Avwgwbqvi
wewiqvwb G‡Kev‡iB †gvMj hy‡M wdwi‡q wb‡q †Mj| Z‡e cy‡iv †gvMjvB Lvbvi m¤¢vi †c‡qwQ ÔAvm©vjvbÕ-G| G‡ì
K‡qKUv AvDU‡jU Av‡Q KjKvZvq| evjxM‡Äi avevqI evOvwj Lvbv †L‡q Z…ß n‡qwQ| Z‡e mvK©zjvi †iv‡Wi
ÔAvRv` wn›`Õ †i÷z‡i›UwUi gRv Avjv`v| GLv‡b me cvÄvwe Lvevi Ges Gi wfo evo‡Z _v‡K hZ ivZ nq, ZZ|
GKevi ivZ `y‡Uvq gnv wL‡` cvIqvi ci †LuvR wb‡q G †nv‡U‡j P‡j hvB| wM‡q Zv‡Z ivbœv Kiv bvbv iK‡gi
kvK Avi fZ©vi ¸‡Y cieZ©x mÜ¨v¸‡jv Zv‡K eyK K‡i ivwL| GB AvRv` wn›` Av‡iKUv Kvi‡Y weL¨vZ| GLv‡b
GKmgq wPÎKi I Pjw”PÎKvi gKeyj wd`v †nv‡mb Lye †ewk AvÇv gvi‡Zb| KjKvZvq G‡j g„Yvj †mb ev Zuvi
Ab¨ eÜz‡ì wb‡q P‡j †h‡Zb AvRv` wn‡›`| Avi †m Kvi‡Y wK bv Rvwb bv, gKey‡ji Ab¨Zg weL¨vZ wPÎ
MRMvwgbxi g~j KwcUvB Szwj‡q ivLv Av‡Q Gi K¨vk KvD›Uv‡ii †cQ‡bi †`qv‡ji m‡½|
cvK© w÷ª‡U wKQy Lvev‡ii †`vKvb Av‡Q| GKUvq †L‡qwQ| bvg Zvi ÔwcUvi K¨vUÕ| wbðqB Bs‡i‡Ri Avgj
†_‡KB GUv Av‡Q| bv n‡j Zvi Ggb bvg n‡e †Kb? jW©‡mi K¬ve nvD‡m GKUv weovj wQj| †m Lye we‡kl‡Ái
g‡Zv †Pqv‡i e‡m †U÷ g¨vP †`LZ cuvP w`b a‡i| Lye cvewjwmwU cQ›` KiZ| GB weovjwUi g„Zzï ci AwePzqvwi
†jLv nq DBm‡W‡b| Zvi bv‡g nq GB †i‡¯—viuv| Z‡e Gi †fZ‡i wM‡q g‡b n‡jv jÛb ev wbD Bq‡K© e‡m
†Kv‡bv ck BwÛqvb †i÷z‡i‡›U e‡m Lvw”Q|
Bs‡iR‡ì Pvjv‡bv Av‡iKwU †i‡¯—viuv Av‡Q cvK© w÷ª‡U| bvg Ôd¬zwimÕ| 1927 mv‡j wg. A¨vÛ wg‡mm d¬zwim
Pvjy K‡ib BD‡ivwcqvb auv‡Pi GB Kb‡dKkbvwiwU| AvRI mKv‡ji bvkZvi Rb¨ d¬zwim KjKvZvi Ab¨Zg †miv
Lvev‡ii †`vKvb| BD‡ivcxq auv‡Pi bvkZvi mgvnv‡ii g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg †miv n‡jv Ô†eKW web Ab †Uv÷Õ, Ôgv÷vW©
wP‡Kb Ab †Uv÷Õ, ÔwP‡Kb K¨vcwmKvgÕmn AviI A‡bK wKQy| Z‡e Avwg mì w÷ª‡Ui Avkcv‡k _vwK g~jZ
cQ‡›ì Lvevi¸‡jv LvIqvi Rb¨| Ôe¯‹vBÕ bv‡g †QvÆ GKUv †i÷z‡i›U Av‡Q| mKv‡ji bvkZv ev `ycyi ev iv‡Zi
Lvev‡i BwÛqvb, Kw›U‡b›Uvj, PvqwbRÑwZb ai‡bi wecyj Lvev‡ii mgv‡ivn GLv‡b| GKw`‡K gRv`vi ÔwP‡Kb
PvDwgbÕ, Avevi Ab¨w`‡K ÔAvdMvwb wP‡Kb KveveÕ| Lvev‡ii m‡½ †e‡Q †bIqv hvq Kve©‡bUnxb †d«k d‡ji Rym|
94
KjKvZvi mì w÷ªU hwÌ Uz¨wi÷ Gwiqv, Zvi ciI IUv Av‡iKUv XvKv| XvKv †_‡K hvIqv evm¸‡jv wM‡q
_v‡g ILv‡bB| evm †_‡K †b‡g ev‡RU †nv‡U‡j D‡V hvIqv hvq| Kv‡QB wbD gv‡K©U, cvK© w÷ªU| †m Kvi‡Y
†KbvKvUviI myweav| †h‡nZz GLv‡bB evsjv‡`wk ch©U‡Ki NuvwU, ZvB †mÖd XvKvB ¯^v‡ìI wKQy †i÷z‡i›U n‡q‡Q,
XvKvi bvgx †`wk Lvev‡ii †`vKv‡bi bv‡g| Av‡Q ÔiuvaybxÕ, ÔK¯‘ixÕÑGmeI| Gi evB‡i Mi“‡fvRx ch©UK‡ì wcÖq
†i÷z‡i›U ÔLv‡jKÕ ev ÔAvj-AvwgbÕI †ek RbwcÖq| G¸‡jv wenvwi‡ì cwiPvjbvq Pj‡Q|
B‡›`v-evsjv Drm‡e KjKvZvi wm‡jwU‡ì Avc¨vq‡bI †`wL wKwÂr wfbœZv| wZb-Pvi c‡ì Lvevi, wKš‘ meB
G‡m‡Q GKUvi ci GKUv K‡i| fv‡Zi m‡½ AvPvi ev PvUwb w`‡q LvIqvi ïi“| Zvici Wvj Av‡m| c‡i mewR|
†k‡l Avwgl| me‡k‡l Av‡m wgóvbœ| Avgiv `yB-Pvi c` GKm‡½ gvwL‡q LvB| Zviv e‡j, G‡Z e¨Ä‡bi cÖK…Z
¯^v` cvIqv hvq bv| G Rb¨B Zv‡ì Lvevi cwi‡ek‡bi Ggb ixwZ|
Z‡e KjKvZvi evOvwjivI gvQ‡K AbïKgfv‡e iuv‡ab| Zuviv gvQ‡K Av‡MB †f‡R †d‡jb| Zvici ivbœv|
G‡Z Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q gv‡Qi ¯^v` jv‡M bv| Zuviv g‡b K‡ib, bv †f‡R gvQ ivbœv n‡j GK iK‡gi Auvk‡U MÜ _v‡K
gv‡Q| †mUv Zuv‡ì cQ›` bq| KjKvZvi evOvwj‡ì Kv‡Q GL‡bv me‡P‡q Av‡gv‡ì gvQ n‡”Q Bwjk Ges Zv
evsjv‡`‡ki cÙvi Bwjk| fRnwi gvbœvq evsjv‡`‡ki Bwjk wb‡q †h AvB‡U‡gi K_v Zvi †gby ¨‡Z †jLv
†`‡LwQÑBwjk ewikvwj|
KjKvZvi wgwó
ILvbKvi evOvwj‡ì g‡a¨ Avnvi †k‡l wgwó LvIqvi GKUv Pj Av‡Q| ÔAvaLvbv wgwói cy‡ivUvB †L‡q hv‡eb,
`v`vÕÑGgb K_v bvwK GKevi evsjv‡`wk †Kv‡bv AwZw_‡K e‡jwQ‡jb †KD GKRb| Zvi ci †_‡K G wb‡q A‡bK
nvmvnvwm nq| Z‡e wgóv‡bœi Pj fvi‡Z nvRvi eQ‡ii cy‡iv‡bv| G¸‡jv †èZvi Avnvi wQj| ï‡bwQ mwZ¨Kv‡ii
wgwói Rb¨ bvwK †miv n‡jv wMwikP›`Ö †` I bKziP›`Ö b›`xi m‡›`k I im‡Mvjv| Avgvi Kv‡Q njwìvg| KjKvZv
†_‡K †divi c‡_ njwìv‡gi Aš—Z `yB c¨v‡KU wgwó Avi kbcvcwo Avgvi PvB|
wgwócÖxwZ wK GKjv AvgviB? evOvwji BwZnv‡m ivRv ivg‡gvnb ivq, m¨vi Avï‡Zvl gy‡Lvcva¨vq, ivwb ivmgwY
†_‡K ïi“ K‡i †mBKv‡j kÖxivgK…ò, we‡eKvb›`, bvU¨Kvi wMwik †Nvl, A¯‹viRqx cwiPvjK mZ¨wRr ivq,
m`¨cÖqvZ MvqK gvbœv †`, Pjw”PÎ cwiPvjK FZzcY©© †NvlÑmevB wQ‡jb wgwó‡cÖwgK| Uv½vB‡ji †cvovevoxi PgPg,
bv‡Uv‡ii KuvPv‡Mvjv, Kzwgjvi imgvjvB, MvBevÜvi imgÄix, weµgcyi I Kjvcvovi im‡Mvjv, †kicyi I
†MŠib`xi `B, h‡kv‡ii †LRyi¸‡oi m‡›`k, kvnRv`cy‡ii ivNemvB, gy³vMvQvi Ag„wZ///, wK‡kviMÄ-†bÎ‡Kvbvi
†Mvqvbv_ †Nvlv‡ji Avwe®‹…Z evwjk wgwó, bIMuvi c¨viv m‡›`k, ivRkvnxi wZ‡ji LvRv, eªvþYevwoqvi QvbvgywL,
ivRkvnxi imK`g, †g‡nicy‡ii mvweÎxi mÜvb †c‡qwQ| ïay mÜvbB cvBwb, ¯^vÌ wb‡Z Qvwowb|
KjKvZvi wgwói gvbwPÎ AuvK‡Z †M‡j DËi KjKvZvi cvjv Aek¨B fvix n‡q DV‡e| cÖ_‡gB †h bvgwU g‡b
Av‡m, †mwU n‡jv fxgP›`Ö bvM| KjKvZvi †fŠ‡MvwjK cwiP‡q M½v b`x hZUv D‡jL‡hvM¨, imbvi cwiP‡q fxg
bv‡Mi m‡›`kI ZZUvB D‡jL‡hvM¨|
Kov cv‡Ki m‡›`‡ki gnvivR fxg bv‡Mi m‡›`k Zv‡ì HwZn¨ AvRI eRvq †i‡L P‡j‡Q| mgqUv 1826
mvj| ûMjx †Rjvi RbvB bv‡gi GK MÖvg †_‡K KjKvZvi eo evRv‡i GKwU †QvÆ wgwói †`vKvb Lyj‡jb gqiv
cÖvYP›`Ö bv_| Zuvi †Q‡j fxgP›`Ö bvM m‡›`kwkí‡K wb‡q †M‡jb GK Abb¨ D”PZvq| †kvbv hvq, m¨vi Avï‡Zvl
gy‡Lvcva¨vq fxg bv‡Mi m‡›`k bv †L‡q iv‡Z Nygy‡Z †h‡Zb bv| ivwb ivmgwYi evwo‡Z †h‡Kv‡bv Drm‡e fxg
bv‡Mi Kov cv‡Ki m‡›`k wQj GKwU Avewk¨K wgwó|
AZx‡Z evsjvi GKwU we‡kl Ask‡K ejv n‡Zv Ô†MŠoe½Õ| g‡b Kiv nq Ô¸oÕ †_‡KB GB Ô†MŠoÕ kãwU
G‡m‡Q| †MŠoe‡½ Drcvw`Z n‡Zv e¨vcK cwigv‡Y `ya| Dwbk kZ‡Ki †Mvovi w`‡K Qvbvi m‡½B wPwb wgwk‡q
ˆZwi n‡qwQj m‡›`k| evOvwji wgwói g‡a¨ cZ©zwMR cÖfv‡ei cÖgvYI cvIqv †M‡Q| d«vwÝ‡qvm eviwbqvi bv‡g GK
divwm cwieªvR‡Ki †jLv †_‡K Rvbv hvq, cZ©zwMR-AwaK…Z evsjvq wgwói AwaK cÖPj‡bi K_v| mgqUv 1659
†_‡K 1666 mvj| eviwbqv‡ii †jLv †_‡K Rvbv hvq, cZ©zwMRiv `B ˆZwi‡Z h‡_ó cvi`k©x wQj|
1844 mv‡j wMwikP›`Ö †` Avi bKziP›`Ö b›`x wg‡j KjKvZvi †n`yqvi Kv‡Q ivg`yjvj w÷ª‡U ˆZwi K‡ib GKwU
wgwói †`vKvb| †mB mgq †_‡KB Giv Rjfiv, KuvPv‡Mvjv, k•L m‡›`k cwi‡ekb K‡i evOvwji imbv‡K Z…ß K‡i
P‡j‡Qb|
KjKvZvi BwZnv‡mi cvZvq bRi ivL‡j †`Lv hv‡e Kweqvj †fvjv gqivi bvg| huvi Kv‡Q KweMvb wkL‡Z
G‡mwQ‡jb cZ©zwMR A¨v›Uwb wdwiw½| KjKvZvi evMevRv‡i wQj GB †fvjv gqivi †`vKvb| cwðge‡½i wgwói
95
RM‡Z ØvwiK †Nvl bvgwU myeY© A¶‡i †jLv Av‡Q| 1885 mv‡j wZwb KjKvZvq Zuvi cÖ_g D‡Øvab K‡ib|
Aíw`‡bi g‡a¨B m‡›`k c¨vivi Rb¨ wZwb weL¨vZ n‡q I‡Vb| eZ©gv‡b mviv KjKvZvq GB †Mvôxi bqwU †`vKvb
Av‡Q|
im‡Mvjvi K_v DV‡jB g‡b Av‡m ga¨ KjKvZvi †K wm `v‡mi †`vKv‡bi K_v| cuvP cyi“l a‡i KjKvZvi
cÖvY‡K›`Ö ag©Zjvq GB †`vKvbwUi Ae¯’vb| im‡Mvjvi Avwe®‹viK bexbP›`Ö `vm GB †`vKvb ˆZwi K‡ib|
HwZnëvnx im‡Mvjvi m‡½ m‡½ jvj‡gvnb, ivR‡fvM iq¨vj, Ag„Z Kz¤,¢ imgvjÂ, Qvbvi †Uv÷ ïay KjKvZv ev
fvi‡Z bq, †MvUv we‡k¦ weL¨vZ|
im‡Mvjv‡K wek¦evmxi Kv‡Q nvwRi K‡i Zv‡K bZzb K‡i Avwe®‹vi K‡i‡Qb bexbP›`Ö `vm| Avi ev¯—‡eI Gi
¯^v`, ¸Y-gv‡bi h‡_ó DbœwZ NwU‡q‡Qb wZwbB Ges im‡Mvjv bvgwUI ZuviB †Ìqv| Avi †Rvovmuv‡Kvi
VvKzievUxi Kv‡QB K‡qK K`g nuvUv `~i‡Z¡ †`‡L G‡mwQ imgvjvB‡qi Avwe®‹viK †K wm `v‡ki †`vKvbwU| hwÌ
GLb †m †`vKv‡b mvBb‡evW©U Qvov Avi †Zgb wKQyB †bB, iex›`Öbv‡_i Avg‡j hv wQj| iwe VvKzi wbðqB G
†`vKv‡bi imgjvB †L‡q Z…ß n‡qwQ‡jb|
†h‡Kv‡bv ïf Kv‡Ri Av‡M `yB evsjvi ms¯‹…wZ‡Z wgwógy‡Li cÖPjb Av‡Q| Avi nq‡Zv †m Kvi‡YB cwðg
evsjvi gyL¨gš¿x ggZv e‡›`¨vcva¨vq wKQyw`b Av‡M GK †cÖm weÁwß gvidZ e‡jwQ‡jb, Ôevsjv‡`‡ki †_‡K Avgiv
Bwjk †be Avi Zvi e`‡j KjKvZv †_‡K †è wgwó|Õ
w`w` cÙv †_‡K Kx cwigvY Bwjk †c‡jb, Avwg Zvi cÖZx¶vq _vwK bv, M½vcvi Qvovi Av‡M Avwg njwìv‡g
†b‡g K‡qK c` †P‡L †P‡L Avgvi MuvU Avwg wgwó w`‡q fivB|
96
VvKz‡ii wm‡bgv
KjKvZvi Rb-Ai‡Y¨
Avgv‡K ÔKwjKvZvÕ wPwb‡qwQ‡jb cÖ_‡g wKQy †jLK, huv‡ì †jLvi myev‡` Avwg G kni‡K wPb‡Z wkwL| †jLK‡ì
GB cÖv_wgK ZvwjKvq Av‡Qb dvêybx-bxnviiÄb-kirP›`Ö Ges c‡ii †Rbv‡ik‡bi ksKi-mybxj| Avgvi ˆkk‡e
iex›`Öbv_ Avgv‡K KjKvZv †Pbvbwb KL‡bvB| GKgvÎ ÔQywUÕ Mí covi mgq KwjKvZvq cvVv‡bv wkïwUi bvMwiK
Rxe‡bi ms¯ú‡k© K‡ói K_v c‡owQjvg|
wKš‘ KjKvZv Avgv‡K †`wL‡q wPwb‡qwQ‡jb cÖ_g wZb Pjw”PÎKvi, ivq-NUK-†mb| †g‡N XvKv Zviv ev
AvKv‡ji mÜv‡b ev Acy wUªjwRi †kl c‡e© bvqK hLb cov‡kvbv Ki‡Z KjKvZv hv‡e e‡j K_v e‡j, ZLb GKUz
GKUz K‡i KjKvZvi K_v Avgvi †MvP‡i Av‡m| Gi evB‡i Zcb wmsn ev AMÖ`~‡Zi ˆZwi wKQy Qwei gva¨‡g
KjKvZv‡K Avwg †`wL| DËgKzgvi-mywPÎv, Qwe wek¦vm ev fvby e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi wKQy mv`vKv‡jv Qwe‡ZI Avwg †`wL
GB gnvbMi‡K|
wKš‘ KjKvZvi †kÖwYPwiÎ Avgvi Kv‡Q cÖ_g aiv c‡owQj mZ¨wR‡Zi Qwei gva¨‡g| Zuvi Rb AiY¨, Bs‡iwR
bvg The middleman, gv‡b †mÖd `vjvj QweB wQj Zvi Drm| mZ¨wRr‡K †Pbv‡bvi Rb¨ Avwki `k‡Ki
gvSvgvwS mg‡q XvKvq fviZxq `~Zvevm †ek Kv‡Ri KvR K‡iwQj| avbgwÛi †mB `~Zvev‡mi D‡ëv w`‡K Zv‡ì
GKUv nj wQj| †mLv‡b webv cqmvq eo c`©vq fviZxq wm‡bgv †`Lv‡bv n‡Zv|
Avwki `k‡Ki cÖ_g w`‡K Avwg fviZxq Pjw”PÎ †`Lvi my‡hvM cvB eÜzi evwoi wfwmAv‡i| ZLb eÜzi cQ‡›`
Qwe †`Lv n‡Zv| AwgZv‡fi Qwe wQj cÖavb AvKl©Y| evsjv Qwe cvIqv †M‡jI †KD †Zgb †`L‡Z PvBZ bv|
mZ¨wR‡Zi bvg c‡owQ KvM‡R wKš‘ Zuvi Qwe †`Lvi my‡hvM nq bv| my‡hvMUv K‡i w`‡qwQj fviZxq `~Zvev‡mi
mvs¯‹…wZK †K›`Ö| Avwg cÖvqB my‡hvM †c‡j mvB‡Kj Pvwj‡q we‡Kj‡ejv ey‡qU †_‡K P‡j †hZvg avbgwÛ| webv
cqmvq Qwe †`‡L P‡j AvmZvg|
Rb AiY¨ `y‡Uv Kvi‡Y AvKl©Yxq wQj Avgvi Kv‡Q| Zvi cÖ_g KviY, QwewU Avgvi †m mg‡qi wcÖq Jcb¨vwmK
ksK‡ii `y‡Uv Dcb¨vm‡K †Rvov w`‡q evbv‡bv Avi Zv evwb‡q‡Qb Lye bvgKiv Pjw”PÎKviÑmZ¨wRr ivq| QwewU
†`‡L Mv wkD‡i D‡VwQj| hLb †`wL KvR cvIqvi Rb¨ Qwei bvqK †h †g‡qwU‡K Zvi m¤¢ve¨ K¬v‡q‡›Ui Kv‡Q wb‡q
hvq, †m n‡”Q Zvi Nwbô eÜzi †QvU †evb|
Rb AiY¨ Qwe‡Z g~jZ KjKvZvi `vjvj †kÖwYi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| eyS‡Z evwK _v‡K bv G kniwUi cÖavb
eëmvwqK †Mvôx g~jZ GB †kÖwYi| KjKvZv KL‡bvB wkíbMix wQj bv| KviY, Drcv`bgyLx †Kv‡bv wkíKviLvbv
GLv‡b M‡o I‡Vwb| Ab¨ AÂ‡j †hme cY¨ Drcvw`Z n‡Zv, KjKvZvq G‡m †m¸‡jv evRviRvZ n‡Zv| G
cÖwµqvq hy³ nq VK Avi VvKzi †kÖwYi wKQy ga¨¯^Z¡‡fvMx, LuvwU evsjvq hv‡ì `vjvj ejv nq| Gme Kwgkb
G‡R›U ev wgwWjg¨vbiv Dwbk kZK †_‡KB GB KjKvZvq we¯—…wZ jvf K‡i| Zv‡ì †KD Bs‡iR‡ì mvcvBqvi
wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i, †KD evey‡ì| †mB †kÖwYi cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvixiv †h wesk kZvãxi mË‡ii `kK ch©š — Gfv‡e
Av‡Q, Zvi cÖKvk †`‡L Mv wkD‡i D‡VwQj| g‡b †mB wkiwk‡i fvewU ˆZwi K‡iwQ‡jb mZ¨wRr ivq|
KjKvZvi gnvmoK w`‡q †h‡Z moKØx‡ci g‡a¨ †h KZ¸‡jv bvg wj‡L GB kniwU Zv‡ì kni e‡j g‡b
Kwi‡q †`q, Zvi g‡a¨ mZ¨wR‡Zi bvgwU GKvwaK RvqMvqB †`‡LwQ| Zuvi Qwei wb‡P †jLv n‡q‡QgÑ
KOLKATA CITY OF SATYAJIT RAY.
iex›`Öbv‡_i mZ¨wRr
mZ¨wR‡Zi c~e©cyi“‡li evm wQj evsjv‡`‡ki wK‡kviM‡Ä| †mLvb †_‡K KjKvZv hvb Zuvi wcZvgn D‡c›`ÖwK‡kvi
ivq †PŠayix| _vK‡Zb DËi KjKvZvi Kb©Iqvwjk †iv‡W| iex›`Öbv‡_i m‡½ D‡c›`ÖwK‡kvi iv‡qi mL¨ wQj| Zuvi
evev myKzgvi ivq‡K A‡bK †øn Ki‡Zb iex›`Öbv_|
iex›`Öbv‡_i eqm hLb 60, mZ¨wR‡Zi ZLb Rš§| mZ¨wR‡Zi hLb 10 eQi eqm, iex›`Öbv‡_i m‡½ Zuvi
cÖ_g †`Lv kvwš—wb‡KZ‡bi †cŠl †gjvq| mZ¨wR‡Zi gvZv mycÖfv ivq 10 eQi eqmx cyÎ mZ¨wRr‡K wb‡q
wM‡qwQ‡jb ¸i“i Avkxe©v` †bIqvi Rb¨| mZ¨wRr iwe VvKz‡ii mvg‡b GKUv A‡UvMÖv‡di LvZv evwo‡q
w`‡qwQ‡jb| iex›`Öbv_ LvZvi Ici Zvr¶wYK mB bv K‡i wb‡q wM‡qwQ‡jb evwo‡Z| ciw`b mKvj‡ejv mZ¨wRr
97
iex›`Öbv‡_i DËivq‡Y wM‡q nvwRi n‡j †diZ cvb LvZv| †m LvZvi †fZi †jLv wQj AvU jvB‡bi wb‡Pi
KweZvwUÑ
eûw`b a‡i eû †µvk `~‡i
eû e¨q Kwi eû †`k Ny‡i
†`wL‡Z wM‡qwQ ce©Zgvjv
†`wL‡Z wM‡qwQ wmÜz|
†`Lv nq bvB P¶z †gwjqv
Ni n‡Z ïay `yB cv †dwjqv
GKwU av‡bi wk‡li Dc‡i
GKwU wkwki we›`y \
iex›`Öbv_-mZ¨wRr m¤úK© GLv‡bB †kl n‡q hvqwb| g~jZ ïi“ GLvb †_‡KB| 1937 mv‡j mZ¨wR‡Zi gv
iex›`Öbv‡_i nv‡Z wbR cyÎ‡K Zz‡j †Ìqvi Rb¨ fwZ© Kivb kvwš—wb‡KZ‡b| mZ¨wR‡Zi eqm ZLb 16|
iex›`Öbv‡_i g„Zz¨ Aewa wZwb kvwš— wb‡KZ‡bB Kwe¸i“i ¯^‡ø‡n †e‡o I‡Vb Ges iex›`Öbv‡_i g„Zzï A‡bK A‡bK
ci mZ¨wRr ivq hLb Pjw”PÎKvi wn‡m‡e Avwef‚©Z nb, wZwb G‡K G‡K †e‡Q †bb iex›`Öbv‡_i Mí I Dcb¨vm|
iex›`Ö-cieZ©x mg‡q KjKvZvi wkí-mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZi A½‡b cÖavb cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvix cyi“l wn‡m‡e
mZ¨wR‡Zi bvgB me‡P‡q †ewk eënƒZ nq| G Kvi‡YB nq‡Zv bxj-mv`vi moKØx‡c kni‡K meyR ivLvi civgk©
w`‡q wmwU Ki‡cv‡ikb hLb Rvbvb †`q GB kniwU iex›`Öbv_, ivgK…ò, we‡eKvb›`, weavbP›`Ö ivq, gv`vi †Z‡imv,
wb‡ew`Zv, kirP‡›`Öi kni, Zvi m‡½ Ry‡o †Ìqv nq mZ¨wR‡Zi bvgI| KjKvZv †Zv mZ¨wR‡ZiI kni|
mZ¨wRr‡K ejv nq iex›`Öbv‡_i c‡i me‡P‡q cÖwZfvevb evOvwj mvs¯‹…wZK e¨w³Z¡| Zuvi cwiwPwZ eûwea| wKš‘
Avwg, e¨w³MZfv‡e Zuvi wm‡bgvi f³B †ewk|
Pjw”P‡Îi iex›`Öbv_
Avgvi evievi g‡b n‡Zv, iex›`Öbv_ †Kb Pjw”P‡Î G‡jb bv? Zuvi g‡Zv cÖwZfvev‡biB †Zv RvqMv Pjw”PÎ|
†hLv‡b wk‡íi QqwU kvLv‡K GK K‡i euvav nq, Agb euva hw` mZ¨wRr h_vh_fv‡eB euva‡Z cv‡ib, Z‡e iex›`Öbv_
bq †Kb? evievi g‡b n‡q‡Q, kãmn Pjgvb wPÎ †`Lv‡bvi my‡hvMUv hw` 20 eQi Av‡M G‡m nvwRi n‡Zv,
evOvwj Zvn‡j iex›`Öbv_‡K †cZ c„w_exi †kÖô wPÎcwiPvjK wn‡m‡eI| wKš‘ ev¯—eZv n‡”Q GB †h KjKvZvq hLb
mevK Pjw”PÎ evbv‡bv nq, ZLb Kwei h‡_ó eqm n‡q †M‡Q| Pjw”PÎ cwiPvjbv h‡_ó kvixwiK cwikÖgmv‡c¶
KvR| mZ¨wRr‡KI Avgiv †`‡LwQ Zuvi ga¨-cÂv‡k G‡mB ïwUs‡qi e¨vcv‡i wZwb Bb‡Wvigy‡Lv n‡q wM‡qwQ‡jb|
34 eQi eq‡m c‡_i cuvPvjx Qwe evbv‡bvi mgq Zuvi †h kvixwiK †ZR wQj, Qvàvbœ‡Z mZiÄ wK wLjvwo ev
†k‡li w`‡K mË‡i G‡m hLb kvLv-cÖkvLv ev MYkÎ“ evbvb, ZLb wb‡Ri †jLv wPÎbvU¨wU‡K wZwb Bb‡Wv‡iB
mxgve× †i‡LwQ‡jb|
iex›`Öbv_‡K mPj Ae¯’vq †`‡LwQ K‡qKwU Pjw”P‡Î| BDwUDe †_‡K cvIqv Zuvi wb‡Ri cwiPvjbvq evbv‡bv
bUxi c~Rv Avi mZ¨wR‡Zi evbv‡bv iex›`Öbv_ Z_¨wP‡Î kvwš—wb‡KZ‡b aviY Kiv gvÎ K‡qKwU k‡Ui gva¨‡g|
AvgMv‡Qi Zjvq nuvU‡Qb, GKUv Mvwo‡Z K‡i hv‡”Qb, Zuv‡K Mvwo‡Z IVv‡bv n‡”Q, `jej wb‡q cvqPvwi Ki‡Qb,
Ggb K‡qKwU gvÎ `„k¨| Ges GUv hLb Kiv nq, Zuvi eqm ZLb 80| myZivs, G eq‡m K¨v‡givi mvg‡b Zuv‡K
cvIqvUvB fvM¨, †cQ‡b cvIqvi Avkv KivUv Ab¨vqB|
Z‡e iex›`Öbv_ mivmwi Pjw”PÎ wbg©v‡Y bv G‡jI Pjw”PÎ wK Zuv‡K ev` w`‡Z †c‡iwQj? evsjv Pjw”P‡Îi wbe©vK
hy‡M 1920 mv‡j ax‡i›`Öbv_ M‡½vcva¨vq cÖ_g iex›`Öbv‡_i ÔwemR©bÕ M‡íi Pjw”PÎ iƒc w`‡qwQ‡jb, wKš‘ KvRUv
†kl nqwb| 1923 mv‡j b‡ikP›`Ö wg‡Îi cwiPvjbvq iex›`Öbv‡_i Kvwnwbi wPÎiƒc cvq gvb fÄb-G| 1929 mv‡j
ax‡i›`Öbv_ M‡½vcva¨vq ZcZx QwewU wbg©vY ïi“ Ki‡jI Pvi wij ch©š— ïwUs nq| G Qwe‡Z †K›`Öxq Pwi‡Î
Awfb‡qi Rb¨ iex›`Öbv_ ivwR n‡jI we‡`k-åg‡Yi Kvi‡Y Qwei KvR Amgvß †_‡K hvq| wkwkiKzgvi fv`yox
1929 mv‡jB iex›`Öbv‡_i ÔwePviKÕ wb‡q evwb‡qwQ‡jb wbe©vK Pjw”PÎ| 1931 mv‡j mevK Pjw”P‡Îi hyM ïi“ nq
kirP‡›`Öi Kvwnwb wb‡q| c‡ii eQiB iex›`Öbv_ Pjw”PÎ wbg©v‡Y †b‡gwQ‡jb| gvÎ Pvi w`‡b bUxi c~Rvi ïwUs †kl
nq| kvwš—wb‡KZ‡bi QvÎQvÎx‡ì AwfbxZ G Pjw”P‡Î Dcvwji Pwi‡Î Awfbq K‡ib iex›`Öbv_ ¯^qs| Gici
1932 †_‡K 1938 ch©š— Zuvi RxeÏkvq wPiKzgvi mfv, †bŠKvWzwe, †Mviv, †Pv‡Li evwj wb‡q Pjw”PÎ wbwg©Z nq|
bRi“j Bmjvg ZLb mPj hyeK| wZwbI Pjw”PÎ wbg©v‡Y Av‡mb|
98
bRi“j GKwUgvÎ Qwe cwiPvjbv K‡iwQ‡jb| bvq‡Ki f‚wgKvq AwfbqI K‡iwQ‡jb| wKš‘ Ab¨ A‡bK
cwiPvj‡Ki Qwe‡Z wZwb msMxZ cwiPvjbv K‡iwQ‡jb †ewk| 1938 mv‡j Kwe KvRx bRi“j Bmjvg I iex›`Öbv_
VvKz‡ii m„wómsewjZ Kvwnwb, Mvb I my‡i gyLi wQj KjKvZv-†Kw›`ÖK evsjvi Pjw”PÎRMr| wKš‘ iex›`Öbv_ ZLb
AkxwZci| Zuvi kvixwiK `ye©jZvRwbZ Kvi‡YB †eva nq Avgiv Pjw”PÎKvi iex›`Öbv_‡K cvIqvi my‡hvM cvBwb|
1960 mv‡ji AvM ch©š— iex›`Öbv‡_i Ô†kva‡evaÕ, Ô†kli¶vÕ, ÔARš—vÕ, †bŠKvWzwe, Ô`„wó`vbÕ, ÔwePviKÕ,
†Mviv, ÔeDVvKzivYxi nvUÕ, wPÎv½`v, wPiKzgvi mfv, ÔKveywjIqvjvÕ, Ô†LvKveveyi cÖZ¨veZ©bÕ, Ô¶zwaZ cvlvYÕ wb‡q
cÖw_Zhkv wbg©vZviv Qwe evbvb| Gu‡ì g‡a¨ Zcb wmsn cwiPvwjZ KveywjIqvjv fvi‡Zi ivóªcwZi c`K, evwj©b
Avš—R©vwZK Pjw”PÎ Drm‡e cyi¯‹vi I ¶zwaZ cvlvY fvi‡Zi RvZxq Pjw”PÎ cyi¯‹vi AR©b K‡i|
iex›`Öbv‡_i UvwjD‡W mxgve× _vKvi K_v bq, wQ‡jbI bv| KjKvZvi Av‡iK cÖwZfvevb Pjw”PÎKvi FZzcY©
†Nvl 2003 mv‡j ewjDwW mycvi÷vi Hk¦wiqv‡K wb‡q evwb‡qwQ‡jb †Pv‡Li evwj 2008-G, mygb gy‡Lvcva¨vq
evwb‡q‡Qb PZzi½ Ges 2012-†Z evàvw`Ë e‡›`¨vcva¨vq evbvb Pvi Aa¨vq| ïay evsjv‡ZB bq, wnw›`‡ZI Zuvi
Kvwnwb wb‡q Pjw”PÎ n‡q‡Q ewj`vb (1927), †bŠKvWzwe wb‡q wgjb (1947), KveywjIqvjv (1961), mgvwß wb‡q
Dcnvi (1971), ¶zwaZ cvlvY wb‡q †jwKb (1991), Pvi Aa¨vq (1997), †bŠKvWzwe wb‡q FZzcY© †Nv‡li
KvmgvKvm (2011)|
evsjv‡`‡k iex›`Öbv_ Kxfv‡e Av‡Qb, †mUv GLbKvi KjKvZvi †jvK Rv‡b e‡j g‡b nq bv| iex›`Öbv‡_i Rš§
I g„Zz¨w`‡b evsjv‡`‡ki Aš—Z KzwowU †Uwjwfkb P¨v‡bj cÖvq mviv w`b a‡iB iex›`Öbv‡_i Mvb Ges bvUK wb‡q
mgq KvUvq| iex›`Öbv‡_i Kvwnwb wb‡q Pvlx bRi“j Bmjvg 2004 mv‡j kvw¯—, 2006 mv‡j ïfv bv‡g `y‡Uv
Pjw”PÎ evwb‡qwQ‡jb| iex›`Öbv‡_i 119wU †QvUM‡íi g‡a¨ Ggb †Kv‡bv Mí cvIqv KwVbB n‡e, hv‡K wb‡q
GKvwaK bvUK evbv‡bv bv n‡q‡Q evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ †Uwjwfkb P¨v‡b‡j|
mZ¨wR‡Zi iex›`Öbv_
1960 mv‡j fviZ miKvi `vwqZ¡ w`‡jb mZ¨wRr ivq‡K| wZwb evbv‡jb cÖvgvY¨wPÎ iex›`Öbv_| mZ¨wRr ivq
QvovI cwðge‡½i Zcb wmsn, g„Yvj †mb, c~‡Y©›`y cÎxmn weL¨vZ cÖvq me wPÎcwiPvjKB Qwe evbv‡bvi †¶‡Î
iex›`Öbv‡_i AvkÖq wb‡qwQ‡jb| Zuviv evwb‡qwQ‡jb wbkx‡_, AN©¨, myfv I †èZvi MÖvm, AwZw_, kvw¯—, B”Qvc~iY,
†gN I †iŠ`ª, gvj¨`vb, ¯¿xi cÎ, wemR©b, †kli¶v, †bŠKvWzwe, gvjÂ cÖf…wZ Pjw”PÎ| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q wnU
n‡qwQj †bŠKvWzwe| GwU GKvwaK wbg©vZv evwb‡qwQ‡jb, GgbwK D`©y‡ZI GUv evbv‡bv nq| evsjv‡`‡k Ges cvwK¯—
v‡b GKvwaK Pjw”PÎKvi Gi Kvwnwb wb‡q Qwe evbv‡jI KvwnwbKvi wn‡m‡e A‡bK RvqMv‡ZB iex›`Öbv‡_i bvg
eënvi K‡ibwb|
mZ¨wR‡Zi cwiev‡ii m‡½ iex›`Öbv‡_i m¤úK© Ges kvwš—wb‡KZ‡b K‡qK gvm iex›`Öbv‡_i mv¶vr Z`viwK‡Z
cov‡kvbv Kivi my‡hvM †c‡qwQ‡jb e‡jB nq‡Zv Zuvi nv‡Z c‡o iex›`Öbv‡_i Mí-Dcb¨vm¸‡jv mPj I Rxeš—
n‡q D‡VwQj| iex›`Öbv‡_i wZbwU †QvUMí ÔmgvwßÕ, Ô†cv÷gv÷viÕ I ÔgwbnvivÕ/// wb‡q wZbKb¨v evwb‡qwQ‡jb
mZ¨wRr ivq 1961 mv‡j| iex›`Öbv‡_i eo Mí ÔbóbxoÕ Aej¤^‡b 1964-†Z evbv‡jb Pvi“jZv| ejv n‡q _v‡K,
mZ¨wR‡Zi me‡P‡q wbLuyZ Pjw”P‡Îi bvg Pvi“jZv| QwewU ivóªcwZ c`K, evwj©b I †gw·‡Kv Pjw”PÎ Drm‡e †kÖô
Qwe wn‡m‡e cyi¯‹…Z nq| mZ¨wRr Gi ci eo cyi¯‹vi cvb N‡i-evB‡ii Rb¨, 1984-†Z fviZxq RvZxq Pjw”PÎ
cyi¯‹vi I `vgv¯‹vm Avš—R©vwZK Pjw”PÎ Drm‡e cyi¯‹vi cvq| mZ¨wRr Zuvi mviv Rxe‡bi Kv‡Ri Rb¨ c„w_exi
m‡e©v”P Pjw”PÎ cyi¯‹vi A¯‹viI jvf K‡ib| Pvwj© P¨vcwj‡bi ci A·‡dvW© wek¦we`¨vjq mZ¨wRr‡KB wWwjU cÖ`vb
K‡i| Z‡e msL¨vi wePv‡i iex›`Öbv‡_i Kvwnwb wb‡q evbv‡bv Pjw”PÎ¸‡jv †_‡K wZwb m‡e©v”PmsL¨K cyi¯‹vi
†c‡qwQ‡jb|
ÔbUxi c~RvÕi wbD G¤úvqvi

GLb Avgiv KjKvZvq †M‡j bZzb bZzb kwcs Kg‡c‡· M‡o IVv AZ¨vaywbK wm‡b‡c·¸‡jv‡Z Av‡qk K‡i
wm‡bgv †`L‡Z cQ›` Kwi| wKš‘ Zvi ciI KjKvZvq Avgvi me‡P‡q wcÖq wm‡bgv njwUi bvg wbD G¤úvqvi| Gi
GKUv KviY, 1990 mv‡j GB n‡j Avwg cÖ_g wm‡bgv †`wL| ï‡bwQ, bZzb wm‡b‡c·¸‡jvi Kvi‡Y G njwU j‡m
Av‡Q| jm Kvfv‡ii Rb¨ wewìswUi m‡½ jvMv‡bv wKQy Lvev‡ii †`vKvb Avi eviUvB bvwK fimv|
2012 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^‡i gnvR‡bi bvI bvU‡Ki GKcvj AvwU©÷‡K wb‡q GB n‡jB Qwe †`‡LwQ `vevs-2|
GKmgq G njwU bvUK I e¨v‡j cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ eënƒZ n‡Zv| 1932 mv‡j †h eQi GwU evbv‡bv nq, †mLv‡b ¯^qs
99
iex›`Öbv_ Zuvi wb‡`©wkZ cÖ_g I GKgvÎ Pjw”PÎ bUxi c~Rvi ïwUs K‡iwQ‡jb GB AwWUwiqv‡g| Uvbv Pvi w`b
†j‡MwQj 20 wgwb‡Ui GB b„Z¨bvU¨wUi ïwUs Ki‡Z wM‡q| 1960-Gi `k‡Ki †Mvovi w`‡K GLv‡b bvU‡Ki
cvkvcvwk wm‡bgv †`Lv‡bv ïi“ nq| GB `k‡Ki †kl w`‡KB GB njwU cy‡iv`¯‘i wm‡bgv n‡j iƒcvš—wiZ nq|
GLb GB njwUi mvg‡b GKUv †QvU mvBb‡evW© †Pv‡L c‡o| Pvwj© P¨vcwj‡bi bv‡g Zuvi mvg‡bi iv¯—vwUi bvg
n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ Avgvi Kv‡Q iex›`Öbv‡_i wb‡Ri cwiPvjbvq Pjw”PÎvq‡Yi NUbvwUi Kvi‡Y GB njwU eo †ewk
Zvrch©gq e‡jB g‡b nq|
mZ¨wR‡Zi b›`b
KjKvZvq fv‡jv Qwe †`Lvi RvqMvwU wKš‘ b›`b| iex›`Öm`‡bi GB PZ¡iwUi m‡½I mZ¨wR‡Zi mswkóZv Av‡Q|
cwðge‡½i Pjw”PÎ wk‡íi weKvk I mvaviY gvby‡li g‡a¨ Pjw”PÎ-m‡PZbZv e„w×i D‡Ï‡k¨ 1985 mv‡ji 2
†m‡Þ¤î cwðge½ miKvi Ôb›`bÕ cÖwZôv K‡iwQ‡jb| Gi Øv‡iv`&NvUb K‡iwQ‡jb mZ¨wRr ivq| Gi †jv‡MvwUI
Zuvi AuvKv| GLb Pjw”PÎ cÖ`k©b QvovI b›`‡b wbqwgZ Av‡qvwRZ nq wewfbœ †mwgbvi I Pjw”PÎ †i‡Uªv‡¯úKwUf|
KjKvZv Avš—R©vwZK Pjw”PÎ Drm‡ei cÖavb Abyôvb¯’jI b›`b| g~j fe‡b Pjw”PÎ cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ i‡q‡Q †gvU
wZbwU AwWUwiqvg| GB nj¸‡jvi aviY¶gZv h_vµ‡g 931, 200 I 100| G Qvov b›`b-Pvi AwWUwiqvgwU
eënƒZ nq ïay †mwgbvi I mvsevw`K m‡¤§j‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨| b›`b-`yB AwWUwiqv‡gi m¤§yL¯’ jwewU eënƒZ nq
cÖ`k©bxi D‡Ï‡k¨| 1995 mv‡j KjKvZvq †h wdj¥ Bbw÷wUDU evbv‡bv nq, Zvi bvg ivLv n‡q‡Q mZ¨wR‡Zi
bv‡gÑÔmZ¨wRr ivq Pjw”PÎ I †Uwjwfkb Bbw÷wUDUÕ (Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute =
SRFTI)|
1990 mv‡j cÖ_gevi KjKvZv wM‡q `j †eu‡a Avgiv GKwUgvÎ wm‡bgv †`‡LwQjvg| n‡ji bvg ÔwbD
G¤úvqviÕ| Bs‡iwR Qwe| bvg wQj And God Created Woman| m‡½ Avgv‡ì wbRvg m¨vi, Avi eo
fvB‡qiv| Gi Av‡M XvKvi ÔgaywgZvÕ wQj Avgv‡ì †`Lv me‡P‡q RuvKRgKc~Y© wm‡bgv nj| wKš‘ wbD G¤úvqv‡ii
wekvj c`©v, emvi eë¯’v Ges kã cÖ‡¶cY †`‡L we‡gvwnZ n‡q wM‡qwQjvg| Gi ci †_‡K hLbB KjKvZv wM‡qwQ,
Aš—Z `y‡Uv wm‡bgv bv †`‡L Avwmwb| GgbI n‡q‡Q, we‡Kj‡ejv GK nj †_‡K †ewi‡q nuvUv `~i‡Z¡ Av‡iK n‡j
wM‡q Qwe †`‡LwQ| Ges ejvB evûj¨, Ime wQj wnw›` wm‡bgv| KjKvZvi ag©Zjv I †PŠi½x AÂjRy‡o †MvUv
cuv‡PK wm‡bgv nj Av‡Q| XvKvi g‡Zv wUwKU Kv‡jvevRvwi nq bv ILv‡b| KvD›Uvi †_‡KB wUwKU cvIqv †hZ|
wKš‘ j¶ Kwi, †h evOvwj (nxiv jvj †mb) fviZxq‡ì wm‡bgv †`Lv‡bv I evbv‡bv wkwL‡qwQ‡jb, kZ eQ‡ii
eëav‡b KjKvZvq evsjv wm‡bgv ïay †cv÷v‡iB †`Lv hvq| †h eo nj¸‡jv‡Z Avgiv Qwe †`L‡Z hvB, †mLv‡b
evsjv Qwe Pvjvq bv| †LuvR wb‡q Rvb‡Z cvwi, evsjv wm‡bgvi gv‡K©U †bB| weM ev‡R‡Ui wnw›` Qwei Kv‡Q gvi
†L‡q P‡j‡Q evsjv wm‡bgv| mZ¨wRr ivq, FwZ¡K NUK, g„Yvj †mb, Zcb wmsn, ey×‡è `vk¸ßÑGu‡ì Qwe Zvn‡j
P‡j †Kv_vq? ï‡bwQ Ôb›`bÕ-G `y‡Uv nj Av‡Q| ILv‡b †jv ev‡R‡Ui c¨vivjvj gywf P‡j| Avi Kgvwk©qvj evsjv
Qwe P‡j gd¯^‡ji n‡j, wKsev kniZwji Avbv‡P-Kvbv‡P †e‡o IVv †QvU nj¸‡jv‡Z|
fvi‡Z cÖ_g ev‡qv‡¯‹vc Av‡m †mB 1890 mv‡j| evsjv‡`‡ki gvwbKM‡Äi 24 eQi eqmx Zi“Y nxiv jvj
†mb wbe©vK Pjw”PÎ evwb‡q cÖ_g †`wL‡qwQ‡jb fviZevmx‡K| Gici ax‡i ax‡i KvwnwbwPÎ evbv‡bv ïi“ nq|
cÖ_g cÖ_g D`y© Ges dviwm fvlvq G¸‡jv evbv‡bv n‡Zv| kirP‡›`Öi †`bvcvIbv wb‡q cÖ_g evsjv UwK evbv‡bv
n‡qwQj 1931 mv‡j| G Qwe‡Z cÖ_g kã †kvbv hvq wP‡Îi m‡½| evsjv‡`‡ki dwi`cy‡ii 40 eQi eqmx hyeK
†cÖgv¼zi AvZ_©x cwiPvjbv K‡iwQ‡jb QwewU| †mLvb †_‡K wesk kZvãxi cÂv‡ki `k‡Ki gvSvgvwS mgq †_‡K
mZ¨wR‡Zi nvZ ch©š— evsjv Pjw”PÎ Avm‡Z 20 eQ‡ii †ewk mgq †j‡MwQj Ges mZ¨wR‡Zi †Quvqv †c‡q
Qwe¸‡jvI GKUv wfbœ iƒc †c‡Z ïi“ K‡i|
1996 mv‡j KjKvZvi Qwecvovq g‡bi Avb‡›` GKw`b Ny‡i †ewo‡qwQjvg| ZLb Avwg †Uwjwfk‡bi Rb¨ bvUK
wjLwQ †Kej| Kx K‡i Zvi ïwUs nq, Zvi wKQyB Avgvi †Zgb Rvbv †bB| XvKvi KviIqvb evRv‡ii GdwWwm‡Z
†ek Kevi wm‡bgvi ïwUs †`‡LwQ| B”Qv wQj, my‡hvM †c‡j KjKvZvq wM‡q wm‡bgv evbv‡bv †`‡L Avme|
U¨vw·Iqvjv‡K wdj¥cvovi K_v ej‡ZB UvwjM‡Äi GK RvqMvq GK †M‡Ui Kv‡Q †m Avgv‡K bvwg‡q †`q|
Avwg Ny‡i Ny‡i wKQy ÷zwWI †`wL| †Kv_vI wd‡j¥i ïwUs †`wL bv| ÷zwWI‡Z †mU †djv n‡q‡Q, †Uwjwfk‡bi Rb¨
wmwiqvj evbv‡bv n‡”Q ‘RbbxÕ| Avi Avgv‡K Rvbv‡bv nq, GB wdj¥cvovwU‡K ejv nq ÔUvwjDWÕ| eyS‡Z evwK
_v‡K bv †h ÔnwjDWÕ-Gi bvg †_‡KB GB ÔUvwjDWÕ kãwU Zviv wb‡q‡Q Ges NUbvwU NwU‡q‡Q Zviv K¨vwj‡dvwb©q vi
wdj¥cvov ÔnwjDWÕ ˆZwii eQi Q‡qK ciBÑ1937 mv‡j| GLvb †_‡K ißvwb n‡q‡Q †ev‡¤^‡Z| Zvi bvg n‡q‡Q
100
ÔewjDWÕ| Zvici G‡m‡Q XvKv‡ZI| bvg n‡q‡Q ÔXvwjDWÕ| nwjDW, ewjDW ev XvwjD‡Wi bv‡g wdj¥ A¨vIqvW©
†m‡igwb n‡Z ïb‡jI ÔUvwjDWÕ wdj¥ A¨vIqv‡W©i K_v ïwbwb| RvqMvwU GB fviZe‡l©i wm‡bgvi m~wZKvMvi nIqv
m‡Ë¡I GLb eoB wb¯ú„n|
KjKvZvi †MŠZg †Nvl

KjKvZvi Pjw”PÎ wbg©vZv‡ì `yRb Qvov Avwg KvD‡K mivmwi †`wLwb| GKRb ey×‡è `vk¸ß, Ab¨Rb †MŠZg
†Nvl| `yRbB G‡mwQ‡jb 2002 mv‡ji evsjv‡`k Drm‡e| KjKvZvi b›`b PZ¡‡i mvZ w`b a‡i evsjv‡`k †gjv
n‡qwQj| evsjv‡`‡ki `ywU Qwe ILv‡b †`Lv‡bv nq| Avgvi wQj 1999 †_‡K 2002 ch©š — †Zvjv XvKvi
gÂbvU‡Ki Qwe wb‡q cÖ`k©bx Ôwi`g Ab `¨ †÷RÕ| KjKvZvi gÂbvU‡Ki Qwe †`Lv‡jb wbgvB †Nvl| MM‡b›`Ö
cÖ`k©bkvjvq AbywôZ nq GB †hŠ_ cÖ`k©bx| G cÖ`k©bx †`L‡Z G‡mwQ‡jb †MŠZg †NvlI| ZLbB Avjvc Ges c‡i
mL¨| Zuvi evwo‡Z GK iv‡Z wewe iv‡mj Avi Avgv‡K `vIqvZ K‡i LvB‡qwQ‡jb| †m mgq ey×‡è `vk¸ßI
wQ‡jb|
†MŠZg †Nvl evsjv‡`‡ki `k©K‡ì Kv‡Q A‡bK †ewk cwiwPZ †mB cÙv b`xi gvwS †_‡KB|
evsjv‡`‡ki m‡½ †hŠ_ cÖ‡hvRbvq Gi ciI A‡bK¸‡jv Qwe wZwb evwb‡q‡Qb| Avwg Zuv‡K wPwb ZLb †_‡KB,
hLb Avwg KjKvZv‡K †`wL Zuvi Qwe‡Z|
evsjv‡`k Drm‡e †hvM †Ìqv wQj Avgwš¿Z n‡q KjKvZvq Avgvi cÖ_g hvIqvi NUbv| ÔmgjqÕ bv‡gi GKwU
msMVb wQj Gi Av‡qvRK| Avi mvby e¨vbvwR© Gi gyL¨ mÂvjK| †m Drm‡e wM‡q KjKvZvi ¸Yx-Ávbx A‡bK
gvbyl‡K †`wL| weL¨vZ wPÎKi mvby jvwnox D‡Øvab K‡iwQ‡jb †mB Drme| evsjv‡`k †_‡K Pjw”PÎ, bvUK, bvP,
msMx‡Zi †MvUv cÂv‡kK wkíx-Kzkjx G‡mwQ‡jb| Avgvi cig fvM¨ †h, mZ¨wRr iv‡qi Pjw”P‡Îi whwb
w¯’iwPÎMÖvnK wQ‡jb, Zuvi m‡½ wQj Avgvi †hŠ_ cÖ`k©bx| iex›`Öbv‡_i m‡½ mZ¨wR‡Zi eq‡mi eëavb †hiKg
wQj, Avgvi m‡½ Zuvi eqmI wQj †miK‡giB eëav‡bi| Zuvi KvQ †_‡K ï‡bwQjvg mZ¨wR‡Zi Mí| ÔZviv evsjvÕ
bv‡g GKUv †Uwjwfkb P¨v‡b‡j Avgv‡K gy‡LvgywL emv‡bv n‡qwQj wbgvB †Nv‡li m‡½|
gv‡ovqvwi‡ì UvwjDW
`yB `dvq 14 w`‡bi cÖ`k©bx PjvKv‡j Avwg GKUv wfbœ wRwbm j¶ Kwi| KjKvZvi evsjv †Uwjwfkb Avi KvM‡Ri
†hme msev`Kg©x G‡m‡Qb, Zuviv GK iKg| wKQyUv eqmx| Avi Bs‡iwR KvM‡Ri AevOvwj gvwjKvbvaxb
†Uwjwfk‡bi †hme msev`Kg©x G‡m‡Qb, Zuv‡ì WvU-evU, Pjb-ejb Av‡iK iKg| Zviv †h evsjv ej‡Q, Zv
Avgv‡ì g‡Zv G‡Kev‡iB bq| Ges ¯’vbxq‡ì KvQ †_‡K ïwb †h, IB AevOvwjivB KjKvZvi AvU© KvjPv‡ii
c„ô‡cvlKZvi RvqMvUv `Lj K‡i wb‡”Q| †Uwjwfkb Pvjv‡”Q Zviv| wd‡j¥I jwMœ Ki‡Z bvg‡Q Zviv| GB
gv‡ovqvwi †Mvôx †Kej gybvdvwbf©i †¶Î¸‡jv‡ZB A_© jwMœ Ki‡Q| †hLv‡b wbwðZ gybvdv Av‡Q, †mLv‡bB
wewb‡qvM, Ab¨ †Kv_vI bq| Avi G Kvi‡YB ¸Yx Pjw”PÎ wbg©vZviv nvZ ¸wU‡q e‡m Av‡Qb| Zuv‡ì KvR †bB|
weM ev‡R‡Ui wnw›` Avi Zvwgj Qwei Kv‡Q evsjv wm‡bgv wUK‡ZB cvi‡Q bv| †Kej miKvwi Aby`vb †c‡jB Zuviv
bZzb Qwe‡Z nvZ w`‡Z cv‡ib| bB‡j bq|
Gi eQi Lv‡bK ci Lei cvB, FZzcY© †Nvl Qwe evbv‡”QbÑiex›`Öbv‡_i †Pv‡Li evwj wb‡q| evsjv wm‡bgv
cvewjK‡K LvIqv‡bvi Rb¨ †ev‡¤^ †_‡K wb‡q G‡m‡Qb nvU©_ªe wnU bvwqKv Hk¦wiqv ivq‡K Ges G Rb¨ eo ev‡RU
jwMœ Ki‡Q gv‡ovqvwi cÖwWDmvi kÖx †f¼‡Uk wdj¥m|
1996 mv‡j Rš§jvf Kiv GB cÖwZôvbwU fvi‡Z †ek K‡qKwU D‡jL‡hvM¨ Qwe evwb‡q †d‡j‡Q|
Zuv‡ì jwMœ †hgb †ewk, wiUvb©I fv‡jv| m‡½ Av‡Q cyi¯‹viI| 2014 mvj ch©š — cÖwZôvbwU cÖvq 60wU Pjw”PÎ
gyw³ w`‡q‡Q| FZzc‡Y©i cwiPvjbvq †Pv‡Li evwj Ges †iBb‡KvU RvZxq Pjw”PÎ cyi¯‹vi †c‡q‡Q|Zviv mv_x,
wgwb÷vi dvUv‡Kó, P¨vw¤úqb, R¨vKcU, wPiw`bB Zzwg †h Avgvi, civb hvq R¡wjqv †i, †Rvk, AvIqviv, P¨v‡jÄ
2-Gi g‡Zv Qwe‡Z †hgb jwMœ K‡i‡Q, †Zgwb Avevi A‡UvMÖvd, evB‡k kÖveY, BwZ g„Yvwjbx, cÖjq, †cÖg Avgvi,
†ngjK †mvmvBwU, wPÎv½`v BZ¨vw` QweI cÖ‡hvRbv K‡i‡Q|
2004 mv‡j KjKvZvq wM‡q wdj¥cvovq eo ai‡bi cwieZ©b †`wL| bZzb †hme kwcs Kg‡c· n‡q‡Q,
†mLv‡b wm‡b‡c·I n‡q‡Q| Pvi-cuvPUv n‡j GKm‡½ Pj‡Q wnw›` I Bs‡iwR Qwe| wKQy evsjvI| †mme n‡j
m¨vivDÛ wm‡÷‡gi mvDÛ| emvi RvqMv| cv‡k Lvev‡ii †`vKvb| me wgwj‡q RgRgvU Ae¯’v|
101
m›Øxc iv‡qi evbv‡bv GKUv Qwe †`Ljvg †ev‡¤î †ev‡¤^‡U| Gi Av‡M KjKvZvi Qwe‡Z Ggb A¨vKkb-`„k¨
Avgvi †`Lv wQj bv| wZwb Qwe evbv‡Z nvZ †`b g~jZ Zuvi evev mZ¨wR‡Zi Amgvß KvR¸‡jv †kl Kivi evmbv
†_‡K| Zuv‡K wb‡q KjKvZvq Zuv‡ì Pvi cyi“‡li mvwnZ¨-mvs¯‹…wZK HwZn¨ I AvwfRvZ¨|
VvKzievwoi Mvb
†QvU‡ejvq Avwg GKwUgvÎ Mvb MvB‡Z RvbZvg| Zv-I GKv bv, ¯‹z‡ji me QvÎQvÎxi m‡½| K¬vm ïi“i Av‡M
A¨v‡m¤^wji Rb¨ jvBb a‡i ùvwo‡q MvB‡Z n‡Zv GB MvbÑÔAvgvi †mvbvi evsjv,/ Avwg †Zvgvq fv‡jvevwm|Õ
GKUz eo n‡q Rvwb, GUv Avgv‡ì RvZxq msMxZ| wj‡L‡Qb iex›`Öbv_ VvKzi, huvi AviI GKwU KweZvI Avgiv
c‡owQ| KweZvwU n‡jv ÔAvgv‡ì †QvU b`x P‡j euv‡K euv‡K,/ êkvL gv‡V Zvi nuvUz Rj _v‡K|Õ Avgvi g‡b n‡Zv,
Avgv‡ì evwoi Kv‡Qi jyjvMvO wb‡q †eva nq †jLv G KweZv| c‡i ïwb, bv, IUv †evjcy‡ii gq~iv¶x b`x‡K wb‡q
†jLvÑ†evjcy‡i iex›`Öbv‡_i Av‡iK evwoi cv‡ki b`x| wZwb hLb Zuvi b`xi K_v †j‡Lb, ZLb IUv AvgviI b`x
n‡q hvq| Zuvi g‡bi K_v AvgviI g‡bi K_v n‡q hvq, Zuvi Mvb AvgviI Mvb n‡q hvq|
mËi `k‡Ki †Mvovi w`‡K Avwg K‡ji Mvb †`wL Avgvi bvbvi evwo‡Z| IUv wZwb KjKvZv †_‡K G‡bwQ‡jb
A‡bK Av‡M| GKUv nvZj †U‡b A‡bK¶Y Nywi‡q IUv Pvjv‡bv n‡Zv| eo †c‡Ui g‡Zv Kv‡jv i‡Oi GKUv
PvKwZi Ici wcb jvMv‡bv nvZ‡ji Pvc co‡jB IUvi †fZi †_‡K Mvb †e‡ivZ| me bvwK my‡ii Mvb| Lye GKUv
cQ›` wQj bv Avgvi| wKš‘ Avgvi bvbv‡K †`LZvg gv_v †`vjv‡”Qb Mv‡bi m‡½ m‡½| wKQy wQj evsjv Mvb, wKQy D`y©
I wnw›` MvbÑMRj UvB‡ci| GB wQj Avgvi Mv‡bi m‡½ cÖ_g cwiPq|
Gi wKQyw`b ci Avgv‡ì evwo‡Z †iwWI Av‡m| †`wL †iwWIi †fZi †_‡K K_v †e‡ivq| MvbIÑfw³g~jK,
cwjMxwZ, fvIqvBqv, AvaywbK, QvqvQwei Mvb, iex›`ÖmsMxZ, bRi“jMxwZ, nvmb ivRvi Mvb| Avgvi fv‡jv
jvMZ QvqvQwei Mvb| GKwUgvÎ iex›`ÖmsMxZ ZLb Avgv‡ì †iwWI‡Z evievi evRZ| †NvlYvi ïi“‡ZB Avwg
eyS‡Z cviZvg GLb GB Mvb| ejv n‡Zv, GLb cÖPvwiZ n‡e GKwU iex›`ÖmsMxZ, wkíx Kv‡ìx wKewiqv| MvbwU
wQjÑÔAvgvi mKj `y‡Li cÖ`xc †R¡‡j wèm †M‡j Kie wb‡e`b,/ Avgvi e¨_vi c~Rv nqwb mgvcb|Õ GB Mvb w`‡q
Avgvi iex›`Öbv‡_i Mv‡bi m‡½ cwiPq|
mË‡ii `k‡Ki gvSvgvwS mg‡q Avgv‡ì evwo‡Z GKUv Uz-Bb-Iqvb hš¿ Av‡m| m‡½ Av‡m wKQy wnw›` wm‡bgvi
K¨v‡mU| GKmgq Avwg A‡bK¸‡jv evsjv Mv‡bi K¨v‡mU †RvMvo Kwi| ÔP›`b cvj‡¼ ï‡qÕ, ÔR‡j fvmv cÙ AvwgÕ,
ÔAvkv wQj fv‡jvevmv wQjÕ, ÔI b`x‡iÕ, ÔKx Avkvq euvwa †LjvNiÕ, ÔKwd nvD‡mi †mB AvÇvUv AvR Avi †bBÕ-
RvZxq Mv‡bi ci Mvb ïay ïwb| G¸‡jv wQj wg·W A¨vjevg| wewfbœ wkíxi MvIqv wbe©vwPZ AvaywbK Mvb| ïwb,
fviZxq wkíx Z_v KjKvZv wkíx‡ì Mvb| GBfv‡e Avgvi Kv‡Q cwiwPZ nb wK‡kviKzgvi, †ngš— gy‡Lvcva¨vq,
gvbœv †`, jZv gy‡½kKi, Avkv †fvk‡j| A‡bK c‡i Rvb‡Z cvwi, Gu‡ì g‡a¨ jZv gy‡½kKi, Avkv †fvk‡j
evOvwj bb, wKš‘ evsjv MvbI †M‡q P‡j‡Qb|
wbayeveyi Uàv
KjKvZvi evsjv Mvb‡K Avgvi g‡Zv K‡i Avwg `yB fv‡M fvM KwiÑGKUv AvaywbK (Qwei) Mvb, Av‡iKUv
iex›`ÖmsMxZ|
KjKvZvi AvaywbK Mvb †Kgb K‡i Gj, Zvi †LuvR wb‡Z wM‡q cÖ_‡gB cvB wbayeveyi bvg| wbayeveyi Uàv‡K ev`
w`‡q KjKvZvi AvaywbK Mv‡bi K_v ejv hv‡e bv| Avgv‡ì iscy‡ii Mi“i Mvwoi Mv‡ovqvbiv †hgb GKai‡bi
fvIqvBqv ev fvwU AÂ‡ji gvjviv †hgb fvwUqvwj Mvq, cvÄve AÂ‡ji DU Pvj‡Kiv †Zgwb MvBZ Uàv Mvb|
†mUvB GKmgq KjKvZvq Av‡m A‡bK nvZ Ny‡i wbayeveyi Kv‡Q| 1794 wLªóv‡ã wZwb Qvciv †_‡K KjKvZvq wd‡i
G‡m †kvfvevRv‡i GKwU AvUPvjv N‡i cÖwZ iv‡Z Mv‡bi Avmi emv‡Zb| G Avm‡ii †fZi w`‡q ivgwbwa ¸‡ßi
Mvb n‡q hvq Ôwbayeveyi MvbÕ ev Ôwbayeveyi UàvÕ|
evsjvi AvaywbK Mv‡bi ej‡Z †M‡j GB Uàv w`‡qB m~Pbv| Gi Av‡M j‡¶èŠ ev Ab¨ AÂj †_‡K †hme evB
AvmZ, Zviv MvBZ Ab¨ fvlvi Mvb| †mme Avm‡i wbayeveyiv hy³ K‡ib evsjv Mvb| Zvi Ab¨ me Mv‡bi †P‡q
GL‡bv wU‡K Av‡Q GKwU †`kvÍ‡evaK Mvb| MvbwU n‡jv Ôbvbvb †`‡k bvbvb fvlv,/ we‡b ¯^‡`kx fvlv wg‡U wK
Avkv!Õ G MvbwUB evsjvi cÖ_g †`kvÍ‡evaK Mvb|
†m hy‡Mi Ab¨vb¨ wewkó msMxZmÖóv-Mvq‡Kiv n‡jb ivg emy, ni“ VvKzi, †Mvcvj D‡o, iƒcPuv` c¶x, kÖxai
K_K cÖgyL| Zvici KjKvZvi Mvb P‡j Av‡m †Rvovmuv‡Kvi VvKzievwo‡Z|
102
Mv‡bi VvKzievwo
†Rvovmuv‡Kvi VvKzievwo‡Z iex›`Öbv‡_i evev †`‡e›`Öbv_ VvKzi Avw` eªvþa‡g©i cÖe³v wQ‡jb| Zuvi mvabvi Avm‡i
eªþmsMxZ MvIqv n‡Z _v‡K| G¸‡jv †ewk MvB‡Zb iex›`Öbv‡_i 12 eQ‡ii eo bZzb`v, A_©vr †R¨vwZwi›`Öbv_
VvKzi| wZwb wb‡RB Mvb wj‡L myi K‡i Mvb MvB‡Zb| †R¨vwZwi›`Öbv_ ˆkk‡e weòzc` PµeZ©xi Kv‡Q msMxZ
wel‡q Zvwjg †bb| wZwb wcqv‡bv, fv‡qvwjb, nvi‡gvwbqvg I †mZvi evRv‡bvq `¶ wQ‡jb| mvwnZ¨ I msMx‡Z
†R¨vwZwi›`Öbv‡_i m½x wQ‡jb A¶qP›`Ö †PŠayix| c‡i iex›`Öbv_ Zuv‡ì m‡½ †hvM †`b|
iex›`Öbv‡_i GB bZzb`vi nvZ w`‡qB VvKzievwo‡Z msMx‡Zi wece N‡U| wZwb hZUv bv wjL‡Zb I MvB‡Zb,
Zvi †P‡q †ewk myi w`‡Zb I evRv‡Zb| cÖ_g w`‡K iex›`Öbv‡_i Mvb¸‡jv‡Z myi w`‡Zb wZwb| Zvi Ôgv‡qi †LjvÕ
b„Z¨bv‡U¨ 20wU Mv‡bB myi †`b †R¨vwZwi›`Öbv_|
†R¨vwZwi›`Öbv_K…Z AvKvigvwÎK ¯îwjwcMZ c×wZ evsjv Mv‡bi †¶‡Î GKgvÎ cÖPwjZ ¯îwjwc| wZwbB cÖ_g
1867 mv‡ji 5 Rvbyqvwi †Rvovmuv‡Kvi g‡Â ivgbvivqY ZK©iZœ iwPZ be-bvUK-Gi Awfbq Dcj‡¶ evsjv
i½g‡Â †`wk-we‡`wk myi mgš^‡q A‡K©÷ªv m„wó K‡ib| evsjv Mv‡bi AvaywbKvq‡b we‡`wk myi I ev`¨h‡š¿i
cÖ‡qvRbm¤§Z ms‡hvR‡bi ïi“ nq ZLb †_‡KB|
Z‡e †R¨vwZwi›`Öbv_ VvKz‡ii †R¨vwZ ¤vb n‡Z jvMj hLb G evwo‡ZB Zuvi †P‡q 12 eQ‡ii †QvU fvB iwe
Zuvi wKiY Qov‡Z Gj| eo‡ì aviv‡KB AbymiY K‡i wZwb euva‡Z jvM‡jb Q›` I my‡ii Mvb| 13 eQi eq‡m
iex›`Öbv_ wjL‡jb, ÔMM‡bi _v‡j iwe P›`Ö `xcK R¡‡j|Õ †mB †_‡K ïi“|
ax‡i ax‡i VvKzievwo‡Z GB ¸Yx wK‡kviwUi Lei Qwo‡q co‡Z _v‡K| ¯^vgx we‡eKvb›` wQ‡jb †m A‡_©
iex›`Öbv‡_i cÖ_g cÖ‡gvUi| wZwb wbqwgZ †Rvovmuv‡Kv VvKzievwo‡Z Avmv-hvIqv Ki‡Zb| †mLv‡b iex›`Öbv‡_i Mvb
wk‡L G‡m bvbv cvwievwiK Abyôv‡b, eªvþmgv‡Ri Drm‡e, GgbwK `w¶‡Yk¦i Kvjxevwo‡Z ivgK…ò cigns‡mi
mvg‡bI †m¸‡jv †M‡q †kvbv‡Zb|
iex›`Öbv_ VvKz‡ii †jLv Mv‡bi msL¨v 1 nvRvi 915wU| aª“cw` fviZxq msMxZ, evsjv †jvKmsMxZ I
BD‡ivcxq msMxZÑGB wZbwU aviv‡K AvÍ¯’ K‡i wZwb GKwU ¯^Kxq msMxZ‰kjxi Rš§ †`b| iex›`Öbv_ Zuvi eû
KweZv‡KI Mv‡b iƒcvš—wiZ K‡i‡Qb|
iex›`Ö-Mv‡bi PviwU ch©vq wQj| cÖ_g fv‡M Zuvi bZzb`v †R¨vwZwi›`Öbv_ VvKz‡ii m„ó Mv‡bi Abymi‡Y Mvb iPbv
ïi“ K‡ib| wØZxq ch©v‡q, A_©vr hLb wZwb wkjvB`‡n wQ‡jb, †m mgq cwjMxwZ I KxZ©‡bi Abymi‡Y wZwb
wbR¯^ Mvb iPbv ïi“ K‡ib| G c‡e©i iex›`ÖmsMx‡Z Ebwesk kZvãxi wewkó msMxZmÖóv gayKvb, ivgwbwa ¸ß,
kÖxai K_K cÖgy‡Li cÖfveI my¯úó| G mgq †_‡KB wZwb ¯îwPZ KweZvq myi w`‡q msMxZ iPbv Ki‡Z ïi“
K‡ib|
1901 mv‡j kvwš—wb‡KZ‡b emevm ïi“ Kivi ci †_‡K iex›`ÖmsMxZ iPbvi Z…Zxq c‡e©i m~Pbv N‡U| G mgq
iex›`Öbv_ evDj Mv‡bi myi I fve Zuvi wb‡Ri Mv‡bi A½xf‚Z K‡ib| Kzwóqvi wkjvB`‡n _vKvi mgq wZwb jvj‡bi
†hme Mvb ï‡bwQ‡jb, †mm‡ei cÖfv‡e evDjv‡½i wKQy Mvb iPbv K‡ib| Gme Mv‡bi myi G AÂj †_‡KB †bIqv|
cÖ_g wek¦hy‡×i ci iex›`Öbv‡_i Mvb iPbvi PZz_© c‡e©i m~Pbv nq| Kwei GB mgqKvi Mv‡bi êwkó¨ wQj bZzb
bZzb Vv‡Ui cÖ‡qvM Ges wewPÎ I `yiƒn myim„wó| Zuvi iwPZ mKj Mvb msKwjZ n‡q‡Q MxZweZvb MÖ‡š’| GB MÖ‡š’i
c~Rv, †cÖg, cÖK…wZ, ¯^‡`k, AvbyôvwbK I wewPÎ ch©v‡q †gvU †ò nvRvi Mvb msKwjZ nq| c‡i MxwZbvU¨,
b„Z¨bvU¨, bvUK, Kve¨MÖš’ I Ab¨vb¨ msKjb MÖš’ †_‡K eû Mvb GB eB‡Z msKwjZ n‡qwQj| iex›`Öbv‡_i †bv‡ej
cyi¯‹vicÖvwßi ci Zuvi bvbv †`‡k hvIqvi Avgš¿Y Av‡m| †mme †`‡k wM‡qI wZwb MÖnY K‡ib Zv‡ì myi‰ewP‡Îï
aviv| Zuvi MxwZbvU¨¸‡jv‡ZI †m cÖfve c‡o|
BD‡ivcxq A‡civi Av`‡k© evj¥xwK-cÖwZfv, Kvjg„Mqv MxwZbvU¨ Ges wPÎv½`v, PÊvwjKv I k¨vgv m¤ú~Y© Mv‡bi
AvKv‡i †jLv| iex›`Öbv‡_i mgqI wkw¶Z cwiev‡ii †g‡qiv bv‡P AvmZ bv| wZwb G mgq Mv‡bi m‡½ f`ª
†g‡q‡ì bv‡Pi Av‡qvRb K‡ib Zuvi MxwZ-b„Z¨-bvU¨¸‡jv‡Z| g„Zzï K‡qK w`b Av‡M 1941 mv‡j Kwe Zuvi
Rxe‡bi †kl Rš§w`b Dcj‡¶ iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb, Ô†n b~Zb †`Lv w`K Avi-evi|Õ GUvB wQj iex›`Öbv‡_i †jLv †kl
Mvb|
iex›`Ö-DËi iex›`ÖmsMxZ
103
2014 mv‡j KjKvZvi ag©Zjvi GK wmwWi †`vKv‡b weMZ 100 eQi a‡i MvIqv iex›`ÖmsMx‡Zi GKwU `yj©f
msKjb wK‡b Avwb| 1907 mv‡jB m¤¢eZ MÖv‡gv‡dvb †Kv¤úvwb iex›`Öbv‡_i †jLv Mvb wb‡q js‡c †ei K‡i|
†R¨vwZwi›`Öbv_, c¼R gwjK †_‡K ïi“ K‡i AvR‡Ki Aw`wZ †gvnwmb ch©š— `xN© ZvwjKv| †K †bB!
iex›`ÖmsMxZPP©v I wk¶vi †¶‡Î KjKvZv GK we‡kl ¯’vb `Lj K‡i Av‡Q| GB kn‡ii iex›`ÖfviZx
wek¦we`¨vjq Ges ÔMxZweZvbÕ, ÔiweZx_©Õ Ô`w¶YxÕ cÖf…wZ iex›`ÖmsMxZ wk¶vqZb we‡kl L¨vwZm¤úbœ|
KjKvZv‡Kw›`ÖK D‡jL‡hvM¨ iex›`ÖmsMxZ wkíxiv n‡jb c¼RKzgvi gwjK, Kz›`bjvj mvqMj, †èeªZ
wek¦vm, KwYKv e‡›`¨vcva¨vq, mywPÎv wgÎ, mvMi †mb, wPš§q P‡Ævcva¨vq, mywgÎv †mb, i“gv ¸n cÖgyL| Z‡e
GKv‡ji wewkó wkíx‡ì g‡a¨ cÖwgZv gwjK, ¯^vMZvj²x `vk¸ß, kÖveYx †mb, B›`ÖvYx †mb, kÖxKvš— AvPvh©,
ïfwgZv, RqZx gy‡Lvcva¨vq I AKvjcÖqvZ weµg wms‡qi bvg we‡klfv‡e D‡jL‡hvM¨|
Avgvi fv‡jv jv‡M KwYKv e‡›`¨vcva¨vq, mywPÎv wgÎ, †ngš— gy‡Lvcva¨vq, wPš§q P‡Ævcva¨vq, mvMi †mb, Avi
†èeªZ wek¦v‡mi Mvb| 1995 mv‡j Avwg hLb GKUv wmwW †cqvi wKwb, ZLb 700 UvKvq cÖ_g †h wmwWwU wKwb,
Zv wQj KwYKv e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi|
iex›`Öm`‡bi †gvni
iex›`Öbv‡_i evwo †_‡K Pzwi K‡i Avg cvo‡Z wM‡q aiv co‡jb iex›`Öbv‡_i nv‡Z kvwš—wb‡KZ‡b evevi PvKwi¯’‡j
Avmv wkï Awbgv| evev wcZv mZ¨PiY gy‡Lvcva¨vq wQ‡jb wek¦fviZx MÖš’vMv‡ii Kg©x I gv Awbjv †èx kvwš—
wb‡KZ‡bi AvkÖgRbbx| 1935 mv‡j iex›`Öbv_ Zuvi Awbgv bvgwU cwieZ©b K‡i KwYKv iv‡Lb| ZLb Awbgvi
(KwYKv) eqm 11, iex›`Öbv‡_i 74| iex›`Öbv‡_i g‡b a‡i hvq GB wK‡kvix KÉ, Zuv‡K Mvb †kLv‡bvi Rb¨ eo
I¯—v` kvwš—gq †Nvl‡K jvwM‡q †`b| bvg cwieZ©b K‡i fv‡jv bvg KwYKv e‡›`¨vcva¨vq K‡i Avevi GKUv
WvKbvg Ry‡o †`b| wZwb WvK‡Zb †gvni bv‡g| c‡i Aebx›`Öbv_ VvKzi Zuvi GB Ô†gvniÕ bvgwU we¯—vwiZ K‡i
e‡jwQ‡jb ÔAvKeix †gvniÕ|
iex›`Öbv‡_i g„Zzï `yeQi ci 1943 mv‡j wek¦fviZxi msMxZ fe‡b iex›`ÖmsMxZ wkw¶Kv wn‡m‡e †hvM †`b
KwYKv| cieZ©xKv‡j wek¦fviZxi B‡gwiUvm Aa¨vcKI nb wZwb| 1984 mv‡j msMxZ fe‡bi Aa¨‡¶i c` †_‡K
Aemi †bb KwYKv| †kl Rxeb Kv‡U kvwš—wb‡KZ‡b| `xN© †ivM‡fv‡Mi ci KjKvZv‡ZB Zuvi Rxebvemvb nq|
c‡i kvwš—wb‡KZ‡bi AvkÖwgK k¥kv‡b Zuvi †klK…Z¨ m¤úbœ nq|
GL‡bv †KD hw` Avgv‡K wR‡Ám K‡i _v‡Kb †h, Avgvi wcÖq iex›`ÖmsMxZwkíx †K? Avwg ewj KwYKvi bvg|
2012 mv‡j iex›`Öm`‡bi cv‡k, GKv‡Wwg Ae dvBb AvU©m wgjbvqZ‡bi D‡ëv w`‡K wf‡±vwiqv †g‡gvwiqv‡ji
jv‡Mvqv D`¨v‡bi cv‡k GKUv mvBb‡evW© †`wL| Zv‡Z †jLv Ô†gvni KzÄÕ| KwYKvi GKUv †cv‡Uª©UI UvOv‡bv| Mvb
evR‡Q j¨v¤ú‡cv‡÷i m‡½i mvDÛ wm‡÷g †_‡K| KwYKv‡K fzj‡Z †`bwb KjKvZvi gvby‡liv| iex›`Öm`‡bi
me‡P‡q Kv‡Qi evMvbwU‡Z Zuv‡K Rxeš— K‡i ivLv n‡q‡Q|
AevwÃZ †èeªZ
iex›`ÖmsMx‡Zi Av‡iKRb wkíx wQ‡jb Avgvi Lye wcÖq| wZwb †èeªZ wek¦vm| wKš‘ ï‡bwQ, Zuvi Mvb bvwK
wek¦fviZx Aby‡gv`b †`qwb| Avgvi aviYv, ¯^qs iex›`Öbv_ hw` Zuvi Mvb ïb‡Zb, LywkB n‡Zb| †hgb n‡qwQj
bRi“‡ji †ejvq|
iex›`ÖmsMx‡Zi wel‡q wek¦fviZxi Lei`vwii welqwU †kl n‡q hvq 2001 mv‡j| Gi ci †_‡K iex›`ÖmsMxZ
wb‡q bvbv wKwm‡gi cix¶v-wbix¶v Pj‡Q| iex›`Öbv‡_i Avg‡jI †Kej bZzb`v †R¨vwZwi›`Öbv_ ev ¯^qs iex›`Öbv‡_i
myi Kiv Mvb‡KB iex›`ÖmsMxZ ejv n‡Zv| GgbwK iex›`Öbv‡_i KweZv †_‡K †KD myi K‡i Mvb evbv‡j †mUv
iex›`ÖmsMxZ n‡Zv bv| GLb GUv cÖvq Dš§y³B n‡q †M‡Q| iex›`Öbv‡_i Mv‡bi K_v wb‡q †h †KDB myi K‡i MvB‡Z
cvi‡Qb| g~j my‡ii m‡½ A‡bK †ewk e¨Äbv mn‡hv‡M n‡”Q †mme Mvb Ges Avgvi †ek fv‡jvB jv‡M ïb‡Z| g~j
my‡ii Mvb ï‡b Avwg †hgb Avw`¨Kv‡ji MÜUv cvB, bZzb my‡ii ÔcvMjv nvIqvi m‡½ D jv jvIÕ Avgvi fv‡jv
jv‡M|
Kcvj Lvivc †èeª‡Zi| 1964 mv‡j †èeªZ wek¦v‡mi MvIqv Ô†gN e‡j‡Q hve hveÕ Ges ÔG‡mwQ‡j Zey Av‡mv
bvBÕ Mvb `ywU cÖKv‡ki AbygwZ w`‡Z wek¦fviZx msMxZ mwgwZ A¯^xKvi K‡i| 1969 mv‡jI Zuvi AviI `ywU Mv‡bi
AbygwZI Zviv †`qwb| †èeªZ wek¦v‡mi wei“‡× Mv‡b AwZbvUKxqZv, AwZwi³ ev`¨h‡š¿i eënvi BZ¨vwì
Awf‡hvM G‡bwQj wek¦fviZx| wei³ n‡q †èeªZ wek¦vm w¯’i K‡ib, wZwb Avi iex›`ÖmsMxZ †iKW© Ki‡eb bv|
104
Avwg g‡b Kwi, iex›`Öbv_ †h cwigvY AvaywbK wQ‡jb, `B-eov-wcVv-cywji m‡½ †KK-c¨vw÷ª †h cwigvY cQ›`
Ki‡Zb Avi †`k-we‡`k Ny‡i †hLv‡b †h myi I hš¿ †c‡Zb, †m¸‡jv †hfv‡e wb‡q Avm‡Zb, wZwb G Avi ingvb‡K
†c‡j Zuv‡K w`‡qI Zuvi Mv‡bi hš¿vbyl½ Kiv‡Zb|
evsjv wm‡bgvq VvKz‡ii Mvb

evsjv Pjw”P‡Î iex›`ÖmsMx‡Zi cÖ‡qvM ïi“ nq 1937 mvj †_‡K, A_©vr mevK evsjv Pjw”PÎ-hvÎvi cuvP eQ‡ii
gv_vq| wbD w_‡qUvm© cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW cÖ‡hvwRZ I cÖg‡_k eo–qv cwiPvwjZ gyw³ Pjw”P‡Î cÖ_g iex›`ÖmsMxZ
eënvi Kiv nq| 1937-38 mv‡ji w`‡K KjKvZvi cÖvq mg¯— evsjv wm‡bgvq bRi“j Avi iex›`Öbv‡_i Mvb
eënvi Kiv n‡Zv| Gici mZ¨wRr ivq, FwZ¡K NUK, †MŠZg †Nvl, FZzcY© †Nvl cÖgyL Avš—R©vwZK L¨vwZm¤úbœ
cwiPvj‡KivI Zuv‡ì Qwe‡Z mv_©Kfv‡e iex›`ÖmsMxZ cÖ‡qvM K‡i‡Qb|
cieZ©xKv‡j KwYKv e‡›`¨vcva¨vq, mywPÎv wgÎ, †ngš— gy‡Lvcva¨vq, †èeªZ wek¦vm, mywebq ivq, wPš§q
P‡Ævcva¨vq, mvMi †mb, FZz ¸n, MxZv NUK cÖgyL wkíx iex›`ÖmsMxZ †M‡q we‡kl RbwcÖqZv AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb|
Zuv‡ì Aby‡cÖiYvq jZv gy‡½kKi, Avkv †fuvm‡j, wK‡kviKzgv‡ii g‡Zv wewkó ewjDW-wkíxivI iex›`ÖmsMxZ
†M‡qwQ‡jb| evsjv AvaywbK I Pjw”P‡Îi Mv‡bi cvkvcvwk Ab¨vb¨ avivi msMxZwkíxivI iex›`ÖmsMxZ †M‡q‡Qb|
c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi ˆ¯îkvm‡bi cÖwZev‡` Ges evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvhy‡×i mgq Iqvwn`yj nK, Kwjg kivdx, mb&Rx`v
LvZzb, dvnwg`v LvZzb I Rv‡n`yi iwng cÖgyL wkíxI evsjv‡`‡k iex›`ÖmsMxZ‡K we‡kl RbwcÖq K‡i †Zv‡jb|
evsjv‡`‡k wm‡bgvi Mv‡b iex›`ÖmsMxZ cÖ_g eënvi K‡ib Rwni ivqnvb Zuvi Rxeb †_‡K †bqv Qwe‡Z| MvbwU
wQj Avgvi †mvbvi evsjv, Avwg †Zvgvq fv‡jvevwm| ZLb evsjv‡`‡k iex›`Öbv‡_i Mvb MvIqv wbwl× Kiv n‡qwQj|
c‡i evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb n‡j G MvbwUB †`‡ki RvZxq msMxZ nq| A‡bK Pjw”P‡Î Zuvi MvbB ïay eënviB Kiv
nqwb, Zuvi Mv‡bi cO&w³ w`‡q †mm‡ei bvgI ivLv nq|
GKzk kZ‡Ki wØZxq `kK †_‡K Avwg GKUz wfbœ iK‡gi iex›`ÖmsMxZ ïbwQ| G mgq †hme wkíxi MvIqv
iex›`ÖmsMxZ ï‡b Avwg gy» Zuviv n‡jb, fviZxq g‡bvR gyijx bvqvi, gYxlv gyijx bvqvi, †gvnb wms, weµg wms,
¯^vMZvj²x `vk¸ß, †jvcvgy`vª wgÎ, kÖveYx †mb, kÖxKvš— AvPvh©, cxh~lKvwš— miKvi Ges †iRIqvbv †PŠayix eb¨v,
Aw`wZ †gvnwmb, wgZv nK, cvwcqv mv‡ivqvi cÖgyL evsjv‡`wk wkíx| Gu‡ì Mvb cÖvYf‡i ïwb| G Qvov eveyj
mywcÖq, kvb, Kzgvi kvby, AjKv BqvMwbK, mvabv miMg, KweZv K…òg~wZ© cÖgyL ewjDW wkíxivI iex›`ÖmsMx‡Zi
A¨vjevg †Q‡o‡Qb evRv‡i| Avgvi msMÖ‡n †m¸‡jvI Av‡Q|
†`vnv‡ii iex›`Ö-jvjb ms‡hvM

Ô†`vnviÕ-Gi m‡½ Avgvi mv¶vr cwiPq nq 2008 mv‡ji 28 AvM÷| KjKvZvi †MvwK© m`‡b wm‡j‡Ui evDj kvn
Ave`yj Kwig‡K wb‡q Avgvi evbv‡bv fvwUi cyi“l Z_¨wPÎ †`Lv‡bvi ci †`vnvi‡K g‡Â †W‡KwQ‡jb G Abyôv‡bi
Av‡qvRK ÔmgjqÕ-Gi mvby e¨vbvwR©| cÖvgvY¨wPÎ cÖ`k©bxi ci GK NÈv a‡i kvn Kwi‡gi Mvb ïwb‡qwQj Ô†`vnviÕ|
Mv‡bi Avmi †kl n‡j Avwg wMÖbi“‡g K¨v‡givi mvg‡b cvKovI Kwi `j‡bZv KvwjKvcÖmv`‡K| c‡i G AskwU
Ry‡o w`B Avgvi P‚ovš— cÖvgvY¨wP‡ÎI|
KvwjKv Avgvi Kv‡Q ZLb GK we¯§‡qi bvg| Zuv‡K wb‡q Avgvi ZLb KZ cÖkœ| Kx K‡i G Mvb¸‡jv msMÖn
K‡iwQ‡jb wZwb, myi e`j K‡i‡Qb wK bv, fvwU †_‡K †cwi‡q myigv Qvwo‡q M½vi cv‡o G‡m KZUzKz e`‡j‡Q myi,
†Kb e`jvjÑGme wb‡qB wQj Avgv‡ì Av‡jvPbv|
evsjv‡`‡ki Mvb †M‡qB g~jZ Ô†`vnviÕ-Gi c_Pjv ïi“ n‡qwQj 1999 mv‡j| Aa¨vcK AfxK gRyg`vi bvg
w`‡qwQ‡jb Ô†`vnviÕ| †`vnvi gv‡b †Kvivm| evDj, KxZ©b, Szgyi, fvwUqvwj, PUKv, fvIqvBqv cÖf…wZ Mv‡bi gva¨‡g
†`vnv‡ii m`mïv Mvb cwi‡ekb K‡ib|
†`vnv‡ii MvqwKUv G‡Kev‡iB Zuv‡ì wbR¯^| mybvgM‡Äi i“nx VvKzi-m~h©jv‡ji g‡Zv bb, Avevi wm‡j‡Ui
evbœv-wngvsï A_ev XvKvi †mwjg †PŠayix-AvwkK wKsev nvwee-evàv-gKmy`‡ì g‡Zv e¨v‡Ûi MvbI bq| A_P g~j
my‡ii m‡e©v”P KvQvKvwQ †_‡K, AweK…Z K_vq GKUv bZzb e¨Äbv hy³ K‡i Zuviv evsjv‡`‡ki fvwU AÂ‡ji Mvb
K‡ib cÖavbZ cwðg evsjvq| hš¿vbyl‡½ †Xvj, †Lvj, gv`j, avgmv, mvwi›`v, WzewK, LÄwb eënvi K‡i _v‡Kb,
B‡jKwUªK †Kv‡bv wKQy †bB| my‡ii †gŠwjKZ¡ wVK †i‡LB MÖvg¨ evDj‡ì Mvb‡K Zuviv bM‡ii †kÖvZvi Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q
†Ìqvi KvRUzKzB Ki‡Qb|
105
iex›`Öbv_, jvjb †_‡K ïi“ K‡i kvnb~i, wkZvjs, †kL fvby, ivavigb, AviKzg kvn, nvmb ivRv, ikx` DwÏb,
DwKj gywÝ, `yiexb kvn, Ave`yj Kwig ch©š— mK‡ji MvbB Zuviv K‡ib| wkjPi-KwigMÄ ev wm‡j‡Ui fvwUi
fuv‡R fuv‡R †hme giwg K_v Qwo‡q-wQwU‡q Av‡Q, †mm‡ei ga¨ †_‡K nvRvi cuv‡PK Mvb Zuv‡ì fvÛv‡i Av‡Q|
†`vnv‡ii m‡½ A‡bK AvÇv n‡q‡Q Avgvi XvKv I KjKvZvq| me©‡k‡l †`Lv nq KjKvZvi wcÖ‡Ýc Nv‡U,
ˆPÎmsµvwš—i mÜ¨vq| NUbvP‡µ †m mÜ¨vwU wQj 2014 mv‡ji †kl mÜ¨v| Avwg Avgvi `jej wb‡q we‡Kj‡ejv
M½vq †bŠKv wenvi K‡i wdiwQ, †nv‡U‡j hve| †hLvb †_‡K U¨vw· wb‡Z nq, Zv‡Z †P‡c †h‡Z c‡_ c‡o GB NvU|
Ggwb‡Z G RvqMvwU †ek my›ì| AviI my›ì Kiv n‡q‡Q B`vbxs| A‡bK i‡Oi evwZi evnvi| KjKvZvi Lye Kg
wm‡bgvB nq, †hLv‡b GB wcjvi‡ewóZ njN‡ii mvg‡b Mv‡bi `„‡kï ïwUs nq bv| wKš‘ Avgv‡ì g‡bv‡hvM
AvKl©Y †K‡o †bq ILvb †_‡K †f‡m Avmv myi| ïwb evDj X‡O iex›`ÖmsMxZ cwi‡ewkZ n‡”Q, Ges Zv MvB‡Q
†`vnvi| gvSLv‡b ùvwo‡q WzMWzwM evRv‡Z evRv‡Z MvB‡Qb KvwjKv|
KvwjKv †jvK Avw½‡Ki Mvb K‡ib †ewk| jvjb Avi iex›`Öbv_‡K GK myZvq †eu‡a Kx PgrKvi K‡i wZwb Mvb
MvB‡jb †mB mÜ¨vq! Avgiv gy» n‡q ïwb|
GK`v wbayeveyi nvZ a‡i †h evsjv AvaywbK Mv‡bi m~Pbv n‡qwQj, Zv weKwkZ n‡Z ïi“ Kij †Rvovmuv‡Kvi
VvKzievwo †_‡K| GB VvKzievwoi MvbB GKmgq n‡q hvq evOvwji Mvb| †R¨vwZwi›`Öbv‡_i Mjv †_‡K iex›`Öbv‡_i
Mjvq hLb G Mvb¸‡jv †Mj, evOvwj †c‡qwQj bZzb my‡ii aviv| †m c_ a‡i iwPZ n‡qwQj AvaywbK MxZ‰kjxi
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Ges wbZ¨bZzb mvsMxwZK iƒc D™¢ve‡b Zuvi cÖÁv evsjvi msMxZRMr‡K fv¯î K‡i †i‡L‡Q| wZwb aª“c‡ì PviwU
ZzKÑ¯’vqx, Aš—iv, mÂvix I Av‡fvM †ewki fvM Mv‡b eënvi K‡i‡Qb, hv cieZ©xKv‡j AvaywbK Mv‡bi MVbavivq
cÖhy³ nq| Avi G hyw³i †cQ‡b wQj iex›`Öbv‡_i evDj ågY| Kzwóqv †_‡K kvwš—wb‡KZ‡b P‡j Avmvi ci
aª“c`, †Lqvj, Uàvi m‡½ hy³ K‡iwQ‡jb wZwb evDj, KxZ©b cÖf…wZ avivi Abyl½| Ges AvR‡Ki hy‡Mi
KvwjKv‡ì g‡Zv AvaywbK evDj wkíx‡ì nv‡Z c‡o GUv cv‡”Q bZzb e¨Äbv|
wek¦fviZxi Lei`vwi D‡V hvIqvi ci wKš‘ iex›`ÖmsMxZ wb‡q bvbv iKg cix¶v-wbix¶v n‡”Q| †dv‡Ki m‡½
†hgb wdDkb hy³ n‡q‡Q, iex›`Öbv‡_i Mvb‡KI bvbv X‡O MvIqv n‡”Q G‡K AviI cÖvYeš— Kivi †Póvq|
iex›`Öbv_ MZ n‡q‡Qb cÖvq 75 eQi Av‡M| wKš‘ AvR‡Ki GK AvaywbK Mv‡bi wkíxI hLb gvM©msMxZ I †`wk
msMx‡Zi wgj‡b GK Ac~e© msMxZ ˆZwi K‡ib, ZLb k¥kvbNvU †_‡K evievi iex›`Öbv_B D‡V Av‡mb|
106
KjKvZv-`k©b
KjKvZvq Avgvi `y‡Uv Uzï wQj †mÖd b÷vjwRqvq Rov‡bv| cÖ _gwU GKvÑ2002 mv‡j| wØZxqwU gv‡qi m‡½ gvÎ
wKQyw`b Av‡MÑ2014-15 mv‡ji wW‡m¤î-Rvbyqvwi‡Z| 2002 mv‡j wM‡qwQjvg ïay wLwìcyi †`Lvi Rb¨| ZviI
GKUv Kvwnwb Av‡Q|
ï‡bwQjvg, Avgvi wcZvgn Ges gvZvgn Zuv‡ì ˆK‡kvi †_‡K †hŠeb ch©š — GKUv eo mgq KvwU‡qwQ‡jb GB
AÂ‡j| Avgvi wcZvg‡ni gy‡L KjKvZvi KZ MíB bv ï‡bwQ! GKevi fvejvg, G RvqMvwU hw` †`‡L Avmv †hZ!
†Mj kZ‡Ki †Mvovi w`‡K Avgv‡ì wm‡jU AÂ‡ji A‡bK gvby‡li evm wQj KjKvZvq| gyiweŸ‡ì gy‡L
ï‡bwQ, evwo †_‡K 10-15 gvBj c_ †nu‡U Zviv ÔjvZzÕ bv‡gi GKUv †ij‡÷k‡b Avm‡Zb| GB ÔjvZzÕ †_‡K †Uªb
†hZ nvIov †÷k‡b| †ò w`b jvMZ †Uª‡b| `yB w`‡bi ïK‡bv Lvevi m‡½ wb‡q Zuviv †e‡iv‡Zb| GKv bq, Pvi-
cuvPR‡bi `j wb‡q| KjKvZvq †ewki fv‡MiB †QvULv‡Uv PvKwi ev eëmv wQj|
wLwìcy‡ii cv‡kB wQj GKUv e›ì| we‡`wk RvnvR G‡m wfoZ †mLv‡b| †mme Rvnv‡R Lvjvwmi KvR Kivi
Rb¨ Zviv fviZxq Zi“Y‡ì PvKwi †Ìqv n‡Zv| Giv wQj j¯‹i †kÖwYi| GB RvnvR wM‡q wfoZ we‡jZ-
Av‡gwiKvq| bvbv Kmi‡Z RvnvR †_‡K †b‡g wM‡q Zuviv Avi †diZ Avm‡Zb bv Rvnv‡R| Gme K‡i K‡i Bsj¨vÛ
Ges Av‡gwiKvq Avgv‡ì c~e©cyi“‡liv GKUv NuvwU ˆZwi K‡i †d‡jb| ZviB dj¯îƒc GLb cÖvq PZz_© cÖR‡š§i
evOvwj‡ì emevm IB me AÂ‡j|
†mevi wLwìcyi Avgvi m‡½ wQj wfwWI K¨v‡giv| 2001 mv‡j GB K¨v‡giv wb‡q Avwg wM‡qwQjvg Av‡gwiKvq|
60 eQi Av‡M KjKvZv †_‡K Rvnv‡R K‡i wbDRvwm© e›ì n‡q Av‡gwiKvq †_‡K wM‡qwQ‡jb Ges eZ©gv‡b wZb
cÖRš§ wb‡q †mLv‡b emevm Ki‡Qb Ggb GKRb‡K wb‡q GKwU cÖvgvY¨wPÎ evwb‡qwQjvg| Gevi †c‡qwQ
Av‡iKR‡bi Kvwnwb| Zuvi bvg beve Avjx| cÖ_g w`‡K cw_K…r wn‡m‡e †hme wm‡jwU jÛ‡b AwfevwmZ n‡qwQ‡jb,
Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ GB beve AvjxI GKRb| wm‡j‡Ui MÖv‡gi evwoi Qwe Zz‡j G‡mwQ| AvMvgx mßv‡n jÛb hve| jÛb
wM‡q beve Avjx‡K Luy‡R †ei K‡i Zuvi RxebKvwnwb aviY Kie K¨v‡givq| Rxe‡bi A‡bK Kvwnwb nq‡Zv wZwb
GLb fz‡j †M‡Qb| Zuvi eqm beŸB cvi n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ Avgvi cov Av‡Q 20 eQi Av‡Mi †Ìqv Zuvi mv¶vrKvi|
Gevi Avwg RvqMvUv †`Le| †m Kvi‡Y beve Avjxi KjKvZvi wLwìcy‡ii `„k¨ Zzje e‡j Avgvi KjKvZvq Avmv|
†mB cvBIwbqvi wm‡jwU-jÛwbi Mí c‡owQjvg ÔK¨v‡ivwjb GWvgmÕ-Gi †jLv Across the Seven Seas
and Thirteen Rivers eBwU‡Z| GLv‡b Av‡Q wesk kZvãxi †Mvovi w`‡K †hme evsjv‡`wk Z_v wm‡jwU jÛ‡b
AwfevwmZ n‡qwQ‡jb, Zuv‡ì msMÖvgx Rxe‡bi K_v| j¶ K‡i †`‡LwQ, ïay beve AvjxB bb, Zuv‡ì cÖvq cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki
we‡j‡Z AwfevwmZ nIqvi Av‡M KjKvZvi GB wLwìcyi e›`‡ii K_v ejv wQj|
†Rve Pvb©K hLb 1690 mv‡j KjKvZv G‡m bv‡gb, ZLb wLwìcyi WKBqvW© wQj bv| nv‡Z AuvKv †m mg‡qi
†h QweUv †`‡LwQ, Zv‡Z g‡b n‡q‡Q b`xi cv‡oi †h‡Kv‡bv GKUv RvqMvq wZwb †b‡gwQ‡jb| †mUv M½vi ZxiRy‡o
†hme NvU n‡q‡Q, Zv‡ì †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU, wKsev Zvi †_‡K `~‡i DËi KjKvZvi ciI †Kv‡bv b`xZxi †_‡K n‡Z
cv‡i, wLwìcy‡ii e›ì †_‡K bq|
wLwìcy‡ii GB e›ìwU ˆZwi nq iex›`Öbv‡_i ˆkk‡e, 1870 mv‡j| ejv n‡q _v‡K, G RvqMvwU wQj beve
IqvwR` Avjx Luvi wbR¯^ m¤úwË| ZZ w`‡b bev‡ei nvZ †_‡K B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi Kv‡Q P‡j †M‡Q KjKvZvi
kvmb| wZwb wb‡R AvÍi¶vi Rb¨ GLv‡bB G‡m Mv-XvKv w`‡qwQ‡jb| Zvici 1870 mv‡j B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb
e›ì Kwgkb MVb K‡i GLv‡b RvnvR †_‡K gvjvgvj Ges hvÎx IVv‡bv-bvgv‡bvi KvR ïi“ K‡i|
K¨v‡ivwjb GWvg‡mi eB‡Z 1940 mv‡ji ûMjx e›`‡ii Qwe †`‡LwQ| Uzwc civ Lvjvwm‡ì QweI †`‡LwQ
GLv‡b| Gu‡ìB †KD nq‡Zv n‡eb Avgv‡ì †Kv‡bv c~e©m~wi|
A‡bK Av‡M †_‡KB GB AÂjUv gymwjgcÖavb wQj| m¤¢eZ †m Kvi‡YB wm‡jU AÂj †_‡K Kg©wccvmy
Awfevmxiv, hvi †ewki fvMB gymjgvb wQ‡jb, Zuviv G AÂ‡j emevm Ki‡Zb|
Z‡e wLwìcyi bvgUv †Kb n‡jv, Zv wb‡q K‡qKRb K‡qK iKg K_v e‡j‡Qb| †KD e‡j‡Qb, ÔwLwRiÕ bv‡gi
GK gymjgvb dwKi GLv‡b wQ‡jb| Zuvi bv‡g Gi bvg n‡q‡Q| †KD e‡j‡Qb, Bs‡iR mv‡ne ÔwKWÕ-Gi bv‡g
n‡q‡Q GB GjvKvi bvg| KviY, †h mg‡q GLv‡b e›ì nq, ZLb jW© wKW ¶gZvq| Ggwb‡Z mì w÷ª‡Ui Kv‡Q
ÔwKW w÷ªUÕ bv‡g Avjv`v GKUv moK Av‡Q ÔwKWÕ mv‡n‡ei bv‡g| Avevi †KD e‡j‡Qb, Bs‡iR‡ì fvOv D”Pvi‡Y
ÔwKavi †cvU©Õ (where is the port?) ejv †_‡K GB e›ì GjvKvi bvg n‡q‡Q ÔwLwìcyiÕ|
107
wcZvg‡ni wLwìcy‡i
mì w÷ª‡Ui Kv‡QB wd« ¯‹zj w÷ª‡Ui GKUv †nv‡U‡ji KvQ †_‡K U¨vw· wb‡q Avwg iIbv w`B| Avgvi m‡½ wfwWI
K¨v‡giv, j¤^v UªvBc‡qW| Avgvi Avi †Kv‡bv mnKvix †bB| U¨vw·Iqvjv wLwìcyi G‡m Avgv‡K bvwg‡q †`q|
wbw`©ó †Kv‡bv moK ev wVKvbvi K_v Avwg U¨vw·Iqvjv‡K ej‡Z cvwi bv| Avwg ïay Rvwb, wLwìcy‡i †QvU †QvU
Mwjc_ Av‡Q| †Kv‡bv GKUv Mwji cv‡k wQj jvj B‡Ui `vjvb| †miKg `vjv‡b Zuviv K‡qKRb _vK‡Zb| KviI
cwievi wQj bv| mevi cwievi wm‡jU †i‡L GLv‡b Kv‡R Avm‡Zb| eQ‡i, `yB eQ‡i GKevi MÖv‡g wM‡q `y-wZb
gvm †KD †_‡K Avm‡Zb|
Avwg nuvU‡Z _vwK wLwìcy‡ii Mwjc_ a‡i| nuvU‡Z nuvU‡Z Qwe Zzwj| GKUz `~‡i WKBqvW©©, weªR| ILv‡b †m
mgq IB weªR wQj bv| Avgvi `v`v ej‡Zb, ÔnvIovi ÒcyjÓ (weªR) GKUv †`Lvi g‡Zv wRwbm wQj| ïay Zv-B bv,
eKv ev agK †Ìqvi Rb¨ Ô_veov gvwi nveovi dzj †`LvBwjgy (_vào †g‡i nvIovi cyj †`wL‡q †è)Õ ai‡bi
K_vI GKRb AciRb‡K †h ejZÑGgb K_vI ï‡bwQ Avgvi ˆkk‡e| †m-I †Mj kZ‡Ki mË‡ii `k‡K,
Avgv‡ì c~e©cyi“‡liv KjKvZv †Q‡o hLb evsjv‡`‡k P‡j Av‡mb, ZviI cÖvq `yB hyM ci|
Avwg G‡jv‡g‡jv Nyi‡Z Nyi‡Z GKUv Mwjc‡_i †fZi Xz‡K †ò-`yB k eQ‡ii cy‡iv‡bv GKUv `vjv‡bi †fZ‡i
Xz‡K cwo| gvSLv‡b D‡Vvb, Pvicv‡k Ni| PviZjv GKUv `vjvb| †Kv_vI cv÷vi L‡m co‡Q| Avgvi m‡½ †h
wfwWI K¨v‡giv wQj, GUv †`‡L evwm›`v‡ì †KD †KD fxZ n‡q c‡ob| GB evwo bvwK †f‡O †djvi ûKzg n‡q‡Q|
Ki‡cv‡ikb hw` GB evwo †f‡O †d‡j, evwm›`viv †Kv_vq _vK‡ebÑGm‡ei Reve Pvb GKRb Avgvi Kv‡Q G‡m|
Avwg Zvi K_vi †Kv‡bv Reve w`‡Z cvwi bv|
GKmgq Pvi-cuvPR‡bi GKUv `j Av‡m Avgvi Kv‡Q| Zuviv g‡b K‡iwQ‡jb, Avwg Ki‡cv‡ik‡bi †jvK|
evwoUv †f‡O †djvi Av‡M evwoi Qwe Zzj‡Z G‡mwQ|
Avwg ewj bv †h, GmeB cÖK…Z KviY| ïay ewj †h, ÔlvU-mËi eQi Av‡M evsjv‡`‡ki wKQy †jvK GLv‡b
_vK‡Zb| Zuv‡ì KviI KviI evwoI wQj, †m¸‡jv †Kv_vq?Õ
g‡b n‡jv, Avgvi K_v Zuv‡ì wek¦vm n‡q‡Q| Zuv‡ì †KD †KD Avgv‡K mvnvh¨ Kivi †Póv K‡ib| mwVK
wVKvbv, †nvwìs b¤î w`‡Z cvi‡j Zuviv nq‡Zv Avgv‡K †mB evwo‡Z wb‡qI †h‡Z cvi‡Zb| wKš‘ Avwg †Zv wKQyB
Rvwb bv|
Avgvi eÜz Lv‡j` Rvdwii `v`v Rvdi Avjx mv‡ne‡K ejv n‡Zv ÔevwoIqvjvÕ| wZwb ÔNvU mv‡isÕ wQ‡jb|
wm‡jU †_‡K Avmv Kg©mÜvbx †jvK¸‡jv cÖ_g Zuvi evwo‡ZB AvkÖq wbZ| GLv‡b wKQyw`b †_‡K Zvici PvKwi-
evKwi wb‡q wb‡Ri Ô†gmÕ-G DV‡Zb| G‡ì †ewki fvMB wKQyw`b WK-kÖwgK ev †`vKv‡bi Kg©Pvix wn‡m‡e KvR
K‡i GKmgq weªwU‡ki Rvnv‡R †QvULv‡Uv eq-†eqvivi PvKwi wb‡q D‡V †h‡Zb| Zvici †KD †KD Rvnv‡Ri PvKwi
K‡i Rxeb KvUv‡Zb| †KD we‡jZ-Av‡gwiKvq †b‡g B‡”Q K‡i nvwi‡q †h‡Zb|
KjKvZv-wm‡jU ms‡hvM
†`k wefv‡Mi mgq wn›`yiv †hgb wm‡jU †Q‡o P‡j G‡jb KjKvZvq, A‡bK gymjgvbI wLwìcyi †Q‡o P‡j †M‡jb
evsjv‡`‡k| Lye AímsL¨K †jvKB `yB †`‡k m¤úwË ivL‡jb| †ewki fvM †¶‡ÎB Aíg~‡j¨ ev R‡ji `v‡g †Q‡o
†M‡Qb `yB c‡¶i m¤úwË| Avgvi wcZvgnI wKQyw`b weªwU‡ki Rvnv‡R PvKwi K‡i weMZ kZ‡Ki cÂv‡ki `k‡K
G‡Kev‡iB P‡j Av‡mb evsjv‡`‡k| c‡i Avgvi evevi PvKwi nq Rvnv‡R Ges GB KjKvZv wKsev evsjv‡`‡ki
PÆMÖvg †_‡KB wZwb Rvnv‡R DV‡Zb| wVK G Kvi‡Y wK bv Rvwb bv, KjKvZvi m‡½ evsjv‡`‡ki wm‡jU AÂ‡ji
GKUv †hvMm~Î Av‡Q| Zvi m~Pbv G‡Kev‡iB iex›`Öbv‡_i ˆkkeKvj †_‡K| 1876 mv‡j MwVZ n‡qwQj ÔkÖxnÆ
mw¤§jbxÕ| evsjv‡`‡ki Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †Rjv ev AÂj wb‡q KjKvZvq Avi †Kv‡bv msMVb Av‡Q e‡j Avgvi Rvbv
†bB|
KjKvZvq wm‡jwU‡ì Avw` msMVbwU DËi KjKvZvq, A_©vr cy‡iv‡bv ev Avw` KjKvZvq| wKš‘ †`k fv‡Mi ci
M‡o IVv `w¶Y KjKvZvq emevm Kiv fviZxq, huv‡ì Avwèvm wm‡j‡U wQj, Zuviv Av‡iKUv mwgwZ K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi
bvg ÔmvD_ KjKvZv wm‡jU A¨v‡mvwm‡qkbÕ| GB wØZxq msMVbwU weMZ wZb eQi a‡i Ôwm‡jU DrmeÕ cvjb
Ki‡Q| 2014 mv‡ji 26-28 wW‡m¤î wZb w`‡bi Rb¨ GK gnv-Drm‡ei Av‡qvRb Kiv nq `w¶Y KjKvZvi
†hvacyi e‡qR ¯‹zj gv‡V| G Drm‡ei †hŠ_ Av‡qvRK wQj XvKv¯’ Rvjvjvev` A¨v‡mvwm‡qkb| Avwg †mB msMV‡bi
Avš—R©vwZKwelqK m¤úv`K Ges Rvjvjvev` A¨v‡mvwm‡qk‡bi c¶ †_‡K G Drm‡ei hyM¥ AvnŸvqK| myZivs,
Avgvi `vwqZ¡ c‡owQj cÖvq wZb k wm‡jwU‡K mgwš^Z K‡i KjKvZvq wb‡q Avmv Avi mvs¯‹…wZK A½‡b †hme
108
wm‡jwU Av‡Qb, Zuv‡ìI GLv‡b wb‡q Avmv Ges wZb w`b a‡i wm‡jwU bvP-Mvb-bvUK-wm‡bgv †`Lv‡bv| h_vixwZ
2014 mv‡ji 26 wW‡m¤î ïi“ nq GB Drme| evDj kvn Ave`yyj Kwig‡K DrmM© K‡i ÔAv‡M Kx my›ì w`b
KvUvBZvgÕ w_‡gi Ici wfwË K‡i e„nËi wm‡j‡Ui BwZnvm-HwZn¨, mvwnZ¨, msMxZ, b„Z¨, bvUK, Pjw”PÎ,
Av‡jvKwPÎ cÖf…wZ Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡jv| evsjv‡`‡ki `yRb gš¿x, fvi‡Z wbhy³ eZ©gvb I AZx‡Zi Pvi ivóª`~Z,
†ek KRb Avgjv, mvsevw`K, eëmvqx I wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aa¨vcK G‡Z †hvM †`b| †mwgbvi I ¯§„wZPviYvi
cvkvcvwk Pj‡Z _v‡K avgvBj bvP-Mvb, bvUK, wm‡bgv| meB wm‡jwU fvlvq| †KD G‡m‡Qb XvKv ev wm‡jU †_‡K,
†KD KjKvZv ev Avmvg †_‡K|
wZb w`‡bi wm‡jU Drme †kl n‡jv 28 wW‡m¤î| Avgiv Av‡qvRK‡ì †Ìqv †M÷-nvDm †Q‡o Avgvi wcÖq
mì w÷ª‡Ui Kv‡QB ÔwKW w÷ªUÕ-Gi GKUv †nv‡U‡j P‡j Avwm| Ges cÖ_g w`bB gv‡K †Rvovmuv‡Kvi VvKzievwo
†`wL‡q wb‡q Avwm| myZivs, iex›`Öbv_ wb‡q gv‡qi †KŠZ‚n‡ji †kl n‡jv|
Avgv‡ì Gev‡ii `jwU †ek eo| Avgvi ¯¿x-cyÎ QvovI Av‡Q Avgvi †evb, Zvi ¯^vgx, wZb mš—vb| Av‡Qb gv
Avi Avgvi AZ¨š— wcÖqfvRb myqvBeyi ingvb ¯^cb| ¯^c‡bi g~j KvR Avgv‡ì †`‡Lï‡b ivLv, Mvwo wVK Kiv,
wUwKU KvUv Avi Avgv‡ì Qwe Zz‡j †Ìqv| 10 m`‡mï GB wU‡gi g‡a¨ 7 R‡biB cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv KjKvZv
mdi| weMZ 25 eQ‡i 25 ev‡ii †ewk KjKvZv ågY K‡i Avwg GLb A‡bK cvKv| GLb Avwg Zv‡ì MvBW|
Avgiv `y-wZb‡U †QvU †QvU `‡j fvM n‡q hvB| Avgvi m‡½ _v‡Kb gv, ¯^cb Avi Avgvi †QvU †Q‡j Beb|
†k‡lv³ `yR‡bi KvR Qwe †Zvjv| Avgvi ¯¿x Rjx my‡hvM †c‡jB wewfbœ mgq KjKvZv P‡j Av‡mb| KjKvZv-
Kj¨vYx-hvècyi wek¦we`¨vj‡q †NvivNywi K‡ib| Gevi GKvB `yB cyÎ‡K wb‡q kvwš—wb‡KZ‡bi †cŠl‡gjv †`‡L
G‡m‡Qb| KjKvZvi kvwoi †`vKvb †_‡K ïi“ K‡i mewKQyB Zuvi gyL¯’| myZivs, †NvivNywi wb‡q Lye GKUv AvMÖn
Zvi †bB| AvgviI cÖvq †bB, †`Lv RvqMv evievi †`Lvi wKQy †bB| Zvi ciI Avwg Gevi AvwQ MvB‡Wi g‡Zv|
KjKvZvi Uvbv wiKkv

mì w÷ªU AÂ‡j G‡m †Kb †hb g‡b n‡jv, wb‡Ri cvovq G‡m †MwQ| Gevi GLvb †_‡K ïi“ n‡e evèvwK Pvi
w`‡bi mdi| mdi ïi“ Kie Avwg we‡kl GKai‡bi wiKkvq P‡o| Avwg kZfvM wbwðZ †h, Avgvi gv KL‡bv
GB Uvbv wiKkvq P‡obwb| Avwg cÖ_g mÜ¨v‡ZB Zuv‡K wb‡q nuvUv-`~i‡Z¡i Lvevi †nv‡U‡j hvIqvi Rb¨ GKUv Uvbv
wiKkvq D‡V cwo| 25 eQi Av‡M KjKvZvq †b‡g cÖ_g †h evnbwU Avgvi bRi †K‡owQj, Zv wQj gvby‡l Uvbv
wiKkv| Gi MobUv A‡bKUv Avgv‡ì †`‡ki wiKkvi g‡ZvB| wKš‘ GUv Avgv‡ì g‡Zv wZb PvKvi bq, `yB PvKvi
wiKkv| Av‡Q wmU, ûW| mvg‡bi PvKvi cwie‡Z© Av‡Q nvZj| Avi IUv a‡i a‡i NÈv evRv‡Z evRv‡Z †`Š‡o
†`Š‡o †U‡b wb‡q hvb GKRb gvbyl| j¶ Kijvg, Lye hyeK ev Zi“Y eqmx †KD GB UvOvIqvjv bb| Gu‡ì cÖvq
cÖ‡Z¨‡KB †cÖŠp ev e„×| A_©vr bZzb cÖR‡š§i †KD GB †ckvq Avm‡Qb bv| A‡bK Av‡M †_‡K ïi“ nIqv GB
†ckvwU huviv aviY K‡i G‡mwQ‡jb, Zuv‡ìB †kl cÖRš§ GLb GB PvKvIqvjv kK‡U gvbyl †U‡b †bIqvi †ckvq
Av‡Qb|
KjKvZvi cy‡iv‡bv †hme nv‡Z AuvKv Qwe †`Lv hvq, Zvi me‡P‡q cy‡iv‡bvUv‡ZI, we‡kl K‡i hLb cZz©wMRiv
G‡mwQj GLv‡b, ZLb gwnl ev Mi“ w`‡q †U‡b †bIqv Mvwoi g‡Zv wKQy GKUvi Qwe †`‡LwQ| Bs‡iRiv Avmvi ci
Mi“i Mvwoi RvqMvq †Nvov Av‡m, g~jZ Bs‡iwR †KZv †_‡K| 1903 mv‡ji KjKvZvi GK Av‡jvKwP‡Î †Nvovi
Mvwo †`‡LwQ| †m mgq Pvi PvKvi BwÄ‡bi MvwoI P‡j G‡m‡Q KjKvZvq| †ewki fvMB wQj Bs‡iR‡ì eënv‡ii
Rb¨|
Mi“ ev †gv‡li wc‡V Pvwc‡q gvjvgvj cvi Kiv mnR| wKš‘ kn‡ii †fZ‡i Zv‡ì PjvPj Kiv KwVb| Avevi
†Nvov‡K †cvlvi g‡Zv Ggb †kŠwLb KRbB-ev Av‡Qb! †eva nq †m Kvi‡Y, m¯—vq gvbem¤ú`‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q
GB Uvbv wiKkvi Avwef©ve|
wiKkvi BwZnvm Lye cy‡iv‡bv bq| 1868 mv‡j Rvcvwbiv cÖ_g GUv †ei K‡i| cÖ_‡g e¯—v Uvbvi Kv‡R Gi
eënvi| c‡i e¯—vi m‡½ gvbyl, Gi ci e¯—v Qvov gvbyl enb Kivi Kv‡R G‡K jvMv‡bv nq| Rvcvwb‡ì evbv‡bv
wiKkv wZb PvKvi wQj bv| IUv GB KjKvZvi UvbvIqvjv‡ì g‡ZvB wQj|
fvi‡Z 1880 mv‡j cÖ_g wiKkv †`Lv hvq wmgjv‡Z| KjKvZvq Av‡m 1900 mv‡ji w`‡K| Z‡e wK iex›`Öbv_
wiKkvq P‡o‡Qb? wZwb cvjwK P‡o eû RvqMvq wM‡q‡Qb, †Uª‡b P‡o‡Qb, Uªv‡g P‡o‡Qb, wKš‘ wiKkvq P‡o‡Qb e‡j
wKQy wj‡L‡Qb wK bv, Avgvi cov nqwb| Z‡e Zuvi mg‡q GB wiKkv KjKvZvq wQj| 1960-Gi w`‡K wiKkvi m‡½
109
†Pb jvwM‡q †Ìqv nq, hv‡Z gvby‡li cwikÖg Kg nq| 50-Gi `k‡K KjKvZv †_‡K Avbv †Pb jvMv‡bv wiKkvi
PjvPj ïi“ nq evsjv‡`‡k|
Avwg mË‡ii `k‡Ki gvSvgvwS mg‡q cÖ_g wiKkv †`wL Avgv‡ì weqvbxevRv‡i| ï‡bwQ, Gi Av‡M KL‡bv
wiKkv Av‡mwb †mLv‡b| cvjwK wQj Povi evnb|
25 eQi Av‡M KjKvZvq Avgvi cÖ_g md‡iB Avwg g‡bi Avb‡›` GKUv Uvbv wiKkvi Ici DwV| my‡hvM cvB
wbRvg m¨v‡ii Kj¨v‡Y| W. wbRvg DwÏb Avn‡g` Avgv‡ì m‡½B G‡m‡Qb moKc‡_| iv‡Z †_‡K‡QbI Avgv‡ì
†nv‡U‡ji Avjv`v Kvgivq| ciw`b Rvbv †Mj, wZwb Avi Avgv‡ì m‡½ _vK‡eb bv| evwjM‡Äi Ôemy wPcmÕ bv‡gi
GKUv †M÷-nvD‡m wZwb P‡j hv‡eb| †h‡nZz wZwb GB †mwgbv‡ii GKRb e³v, ZvB Av‡qvR‡Kiv Zuvi we‡kl
Avevm‡bi eë¯’v K‡i‡Qb| hvIqvi Rb¨ Zuvi jv‡MR bvgv‡Z n‡eÑAvwg AvwQ| wb‡P †b‡g U¨vw·‡Z DV‡Z wM‡q
m¨vi ej‡jb, Ôhv‡e bvwK Avgvi m‡½?Õ
Avwg ivwR| m¨vi‡K ewj, ÔU¨vw· ev` †`b, m¨vi, IB Uvbv‡Z Po‡Z B”Qv n‡”Q|Õ m¨vi e‡jb, Ô¸W AvBwWqv|
P‡jv|Õ
U¨vw· Pov ev`| mì w÷ªU †_‡K Avgv‡ì wb‡q GK UvbvIqvjv iIbv †`b evwjM‡Äi w`‡K| Avwg †h‡Z †h‡Z
KjKvZvi cy‡iv‡bv Nievwo †`wL| iv¯—vNvU h‡_óB duvKv| evwjMÄ ch©š—B Uvbv hv‡e| wKš‘ m¨vi evievi Nwo
†`L‡Qb| GKevi Nwo †`‡Lb, GKevi UvbvIqvjvi m‡½ evsjv-wnw›` †gkv‡bv fvlvq K_v e‡jb| cvK© w÷ªU †_‡K
evwjMÄ KZ `~‡i, m¨v‡ii Rvbv †bB| Gevi wZwb wbivk n‡q hvb| Avgv‡K e‡jb, ÔUvbv Pov n‡q †M‡Q| P‡jv bvwg
Gevi| U¨vw· wb‡q hvB|Õ Avwg ewj, Ôm¨vi, IB †h Uªvg Av‡Q! Uªv‡g hvIqv hvq bv?Õ Gevi m¨vi Avgvi Ici wei³
n‡q e‡jb, Ô†jUvi Ab| †jUm †UK Av U¨vw·|Õ Avwg gb Lvivc K‡i U¨vw·‡Z DwV| wKš‘ Uªv‡g Povi Lv‡qk
Avgvi †g‡U bv|
KjKvZvi Uªvg
KjKvZvi hZ †jL‡Ki eB c‡owQ, meLv‡bB Uªv‡gi K_v †jLv n‡q‡Q| iex›`Öbv‡_i †jLv‡ZI Uªv‡gi K_v c‡owQ|
KjKvZvq UªvgjvB‡bi KvR hLb ïi“ nq, iex›`Öbv‡_i ZLb 12 eQi eqm| 1873 mv‡ji 24 †deª“qvwi
wkqvj`n I Av‡g©wbqvb Nv‡Ui g‡a¨ 2.4 wK‡jvwgUvi c‡_ KjKvZvq cÖ_g Uªvg PjvPj ïi“ nq| 1882 mv‡j
cix¶vg~jK w÷g BwÄb Pvjy Kiv nq KjKvZvq| kZvãxi †klv‡kwl †Kv¤úvwb 166wU UªvgMvwo, 1 nvRvi †Nvov,
7wU w÷g BwÄb I 19 gvBj UªvgjvB‡bi AwaKvix wQj| 1905 mv‡ji Ryb gv‡m nvIov †÷kb †_‡K euvavNvU
ch©š— Uªvg i“UwU Pvjy nq| GB eQi KjKvZvq we`y¨Zvq‡bi KvRI †kl nq| 1943 mv‡ji †deª“qvwi gv‡m
bewbwg©Z nvIov weª‡Ri (eZ©gv‡b iex›`Ö †mZz) gva¨‡g KjKvZvi Uªvg nvIovi Uªvg cwi‡levi m‡½ hy³ nq|
weªwUk Avg‡ji Uªvg †Kv¤úvwbi GKwU imv‡jv Qwe cvIqv hvq iex›`Öbv_ VvKz‡ii 1918 mv‡j †jLv ÔKZ©vi
B”Qvq Kg©Õ cÖe‡Üi gva¨‡g| Zvi GK RvqMvq wZwb wj‡L‡Qb, Ô...Avgv‡ì iv¯—vq RjvkqZvi wb‡P †Zgwb †Rvov
jvBb KvUv †`wLqv, ïay gbUvi g‡a¨ bq Avgv‡ì Mvwoi PvKv‡ZI, ¶‡Y ¶‡Y PgK jvwMj; el©vI bvwgqv‡Q
UªvgjvB‡bi †givgZI ïi“| hvi Avi¤¢ Av‡Q Zvi †klI Av‡QÑb¨vqkv¯¿ GB K_vB e‡j, wKš‘ UªvgIqvjv‡ì
Ab¨vq kv‡¯¿i †givg‡Zi Avi †kl †`wL bv| ZvB Avevi jvBb KvUvi mn‡hv‡M hLb wPZcyi †iv‡W Rj‡mÖv‡Zi
m‡½ Rb‡mÖv‡Zi Ø›Ø †`wLqv †`ngb Av`ª© nB‡Z jvwMj ZLb A‡bKw`b c‡i Mfxifv‡e fvwe‡Z jvwMjvg, mn¨ Kwi
†Kb? hw` †PŠi½x iv¯—vi c‡b‡iv Avbvi wnmmv Uªv‡giB _vwKZ, Ges iv¯—v DrLvZ Kwiqv jvBb †givgZ Ggb
mygayi MRMg‡b PwjZ AvR Z‡e Uªvg †Kv¤úvwbi w`‡b Avnvi iv‡Î wb`ªv _vwKZ bv|
Ôhv nB‡Z‡Q Zvi †P‡qI fv‡jv nB‡Z cv‡iÑGB fimv fv‡jvgvbyl‡ì bvB ewjqvB Anin P‡¶i R‡j Zvnv‡ì
e¶ fv‡m Ges Zvnv‡ì c_Nv‡UiI cÖvq †mB `kv| Ggwb Kwiqv `ytL‡K Avgiv me©v‡½ gvwL Ges fvOv wc‡ci
AvjKvZivi g‡Zv †mUv‡K †`‡ki Pvwiw`‡K MovBqv QovBqv cwo‡Z w`B|Õ
Z‡e KjKvZvi Uªvg Avgvi Kv‡Q weL¨vZ Ab¨ Kvi‡Y| eB‡Z c‡owQ, evsjv‡`‡ki ewikv‡ji Kwe Rxebvb›`
`vk GLvbKvi GK Uªv‡gi wb‡P c‡o AvÍnZ¨v K‡iwQ‡jb| Avgvi ZLb aviYv wQj, Uªvg m¤¢eZ †Uª‡bi g‡Zv wKQy|
wKš‘ GLv‡b G‡m †`wL, Ggb wKQy bv| iv¯—vi Ici w`‡qB, †ijjvB‡bi cv‡Zi g‡Zv `y‡Uv jvB‡bi Ici w`‡qB
†m K”Q‡ci MwZ‡Z P‡j| cv‡ki we`y¨r jvB‡bi m‡½ Ici w`‡q Zv‡i euvav| †Uªb hw` †Nvov nq, Uªvg n‡”Q Mvav|
ax‡i ax‡i †ej evRv‡Z evRv‡Z hvq| †h‡Kv‡bv RvqMv‡ZB _vg‡Z cv‡i Abvqv‡m| Rxebvb›` `vk AvÍnZ¨vi
wm×vš— wb‡jb GB wbixn Uªv‡gi Zjvq c‡o| †Uª‡bi Zjvq co‡j wbwðZ g„Zz¨ n‡Zv| Z‡e wZwb GB Uªv‡gi Zjvq
110
c‡oI wb‡Ri g„Zz¨ wbwðZ Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb| †Kb †h Zuvi Ôgwievi n‡jv mvaÕ, eyS‡Z cvijvg bv|
AvÍnZ¨vKvix‡ì wb‡q Avwg Lye K_v ewj bv| Rxebvb‡›ì K_v _vK| AvcvZZ KjKvZvi Uªvg †`wL Avwg|
25 eQi Av‡MI †`‡LwQ, GL‡bv †`wLÑKjKvZvi gvbylRb n›UbwcÖq| Zuviv nuvU‡Z cQ›` K‡ib| Aek¨ G
Kvi‡Y †ek cÖk¯— Zuv‡ì dzUcvZI| evm †_‡K †b‡g ev ev‡m IVvi Rb¨ GK-†ò gvBj c_ nuvUv Zuv‡ì Kv‡Q
†Kv‡bv welqB bv| †PŠi½x †_‡K iex›`Öm`‡b hvIqvi Rb¨ hLbB KvD‡K U¨vw·i K_v e‡jwQ, mevB AevK n‡q
e‡j‡Qb, Ô`v`v, IB †Zv mvg‡b, 10 wgwb‡Ui nuvUvc_|Õ XvKvi †jv‡Kiv nuv‡U Kg| myZivs, 10 wgwbU 30 wgwb‡U
wM‡qI †kl nq bv|
KjKvZvi cvZvj‡ij
KjKvZvi †g‡Uªv Avgv‡K Uv‡b Avgvi cieZ©x mdi¸‡jvi mgq| 1990 mv‡j hLb hvB, ïwb, gvwUi Zjvi myo½
w`‡q †Uªb Pjv ïi“ n‡q‡Q KjKvZvq †mB 1984 mvj †_‡KB| wKš‘ wKQy RvqMvq †LuvovLuywo Pj‡Q e‡j GLb
wKQyw`b eÜ Av‡Q| d‡j ZLb Avgvi †g‡Uªv‡Z Pov nqwb| my‡hvMUv Kv‡R jvMvB 1997 mv‡j| ¯¿x‡K wb‡q †Kv‡bv
KviY QvovB wUwKU †K‡U D‡V hvB| wKš‘ wbivk jv‡M mvBb‡evW© c‡o| ILv‡b Qwe †Zvjv eviY| K‡Vvi fvlvq
wb‡la Kiv Av‡Q| Avwg †`wL Kx PgrKvi K‡i †fZiUzKz mvRv‡bv! iex›`Öbv‡_i Qwe, nv‡Zi †jLvÑGme w`‡q
mvRv‡bv n‡q‡Q †cQ‡bi †`qvj| Gi K‡qK eQi ci wbD BqK© Avi jÛ‡bi gvwUi Zjvi †i‡j P‡owQ Ges
cÖvYf‡i Zv‡ì QweI Zz‡jwQ| wKš‘ KjKvZvi g‡Zv gvayh©gvLv †`qvj ILv‡b †`wLwb|
KjKvZvi GB †g‡Uªv Zv‡K fvi‡Zi Avi me kni †_‡K Avjv`v K‡i‡Q| KjKvZvi †jvK gvwUi Zjvi
myo½c‡_ PjvPj Kivi †ò hyM ci 2002 mv‡j †Lv` w`wji †jvKRb G myweav cvq|
GKmgq ¯‹z‡ji cvV¨m~wP‡Z cvZvj‡i‡ji K_v c‡owQjvg| †mUv wQj we‡j‡Zi cvZvj‡i‡ji Kvwnwb|
iex›`Öbv‡_i R‡š§i `yB eQi ci jÛ‡b c¨vwWsUb Avi d¨vwisUb bv‡gi `y‡Uv †÷k‡bi m‡½ ms‡hvM K‡i
cvZvj‡ij evbv‡bv nq| †mUv we¯—…Z n‡Z iex›`Öbv‡_i cy‡iv RxebKvjB e¨q K‡i‡Q weªwUk miKvi| GL‡bv Zvi
we¯—vi Avi cwiea©b Pj‡Q| iex›`Öbv_ wK gvwUi Zjvi myo½c‡_ †ijågY K‡iwQ‡jb? KjKvZviUv m¤¢e nqwb|
Z‡e we‡j‡Z hLb wM‡q‡Qb, wM‡q‡Qb eûeviÑwbðqB P‡o‡Qb| iex›`Öbv_ †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi cvIqvq Av‡Mi eQi
cÖ_g jÛ‡bi wUD‡e P‡owQ‡jb Ges IUv wQj Zuvi Rxe‡bi GK gg©vwš—K NUbv|
1912 mv‡ji 15 Ryb iex›`Öbv_ Bsj¨v‡Ûi †Wvfvi †_‡K jÛ‡bi †Pqvwis µm †÷k‡b MxZvÄwj Kve¨MÖ‡š’i
Bs‡iwR Abyev`, †hwUi bvg w`‡qwQ‡jb wZwb ms AdvwismÑ†d‡j G‡mwQ‡jb| ZLb ch©š— iex›`Öbv_ wKsev Zuvi
cwiev‡ii Kv‡iviB cvZvj‡i‡j åg‡Yi AwfÁZv wQj bv| iex›`ÖcyÎ i_x›`Öbv_‡K myU‡Km A¨vUvwP¸‡jv me eywS‡q
w`‡jb| ej‡jb, Kxfv‡e †ij‡÷k‡b _vg‡ZB SUcU D‡V †h‡Z n‡e †i‡j| ciw`b †fvi‡ejv †nv‡U‡j iex›`Öbv_
Zuvi cyÎ i_x›`Öbv_‡K †W‡K ej‡jb Zuvi A¨vUvwPwU wb‡q Avmvi Rb¨| A¨vUvwPwUi g‡a¨B ivLv Av‡Q MxZvÄwji
Abyev‡ì cvÊzwjwcwU| evevi K_vq †hb we`y¨r¯ú„ó n‡jb i_x›`Öbv_| Zuvi evev iex›`Öbv_ †Kvb A¨vUvwPi K_v
ej‡Qb? Kwei eyS‡Z Avi evwK iBj bv †h, cvÊywjwcm‡gZ A¨vUvwPwU cvZvj‡i‡ji †Kv_vI nvwi‡q †d‡j‡Qb cyÎ
i_x›`Öbv_| AK¯§vr GiKg GKwU NUbvq nZwenŸj n‡q co‡jb Kwe| wZwb †nv‡U‡ji GK Kg©Pvix‡K wR‡Ám
Ki‡jb GB Ae¯’vq Kx KiYxq| Kg©PvixwU i_x›`Öbv_‡K civgk© w`‡jb cvZvj‡i‡ji Ôj÷ A¨vÛ dvDÛÕ ms¯’vwU‡Z
wM‡q †LuvR wb‡Z| KwecyÎ i_x›`Öbv_ Zwor-†e‡M Qy‡U †M‡jb †mLv‡b| †mB ms¯’vi †jvK‡ì wR‡Ám Ki‡ZB Zviv
Rvbvj †h GK e¨w³ IUv †c‡q GLv‡b Rgv w`‡q †M‡Qb| Zuviv A¨vUvwPwU i_x›`Öbv‡_i nv‡Z Zz‡j w`‡jb mh‡Zœ|
_vK we‡j‡Zi K_v, KjKvZvi K_vq Avwm|
we‡jwZiv KjKvZv †_‡K P‡j †M‡Q 1948 mv‡j| hvIqvi Av‡M †i‡L †M‡Q Zv‡ì ms¯‹…wZ, `vjvb‡KvVvi
A‡bK wKQy| Zviv hLb GLv‡b wQj, ZLb KjKvZv‡K Zviv we‡j‡Zi GKUv fviZxq ms¯‹iY wn‡m‡e M‡o Zzj‡Z
†P‡qwQj| †m Kvi‡Y †ijMvwo, we`y¨r, †Uwj‡dvb, †UwjMÖvg, Uªvg, evmÑGme Bsj¨v‡Û hLb Pvjy nIqv ïi“ nq,
Zvi eQi `y‡q‡Ki gv_vq G¸‡jv KjKvZv‡ZI Avm‡Z ïi“ K‡i| ïay Zv-B bq, jÛ‡bi Av‡M KjKvZv kn‡i
Uªvg †b‡gwQj|
1949 mv‡j cwðge‡½i Z`vbxš—b gyL¨gš¿x Wv. weavbP›`Ö ivq KjKvZvi µgea©gvb UªvwdK mgm¨vi mgvav‡b
kn‡i GKwU f‚Mf©¯’ †ijc_ wbg©v‡Yi K_v we‡ePbv K‡ib| ZLb GK`j divwm we‡klÁ `j‡K WvKv nq| †m
Kvi‡YB nq‡Zv KjKvZvi †g‡Uªv hZUv bv jÛwb, Zvi †P‡q †ewk c¨vwimxq| Gici 1984 mv‡ji 24 A‡±vei
cÖavbgš¿x Bw›ìv MvÜx Gmc¨v‡bW-fevbxcyi (†bZvwR feb) 3.40 wK‡jvwgUvi ˆ`N©¨wewkó i“‡U fvi‡Zi cÖ_g,
Z_v Gwkqvi cÂg †g‡Uªv cwi‡lev KjKvZv †g‡Uªvi D‡Øvab K‡ib| IB eQiB 12 b‡f¤î Pvjy nq `g`g-
111
†ejMvwQqv 2.15 wK‡jvwgUvi ˆ`N©¨wewkó i“UwUI| 2009 mv‡ji 22 AvM÷ UvwjMÄ (gnvbvqK DËgKzgvi)
†÷kb †_‡K Mwoqv evRvi (Kwe bRi“j) †÷kb ch©š— 5.85 wK‡jvwgUvi m¤úÖmvwiZ bZzb †g‡Uªvc‡_i D‡Øvab
Kiv nq|
mwZ¨ ej‡Z wK, 1997-98 mv‡ji ci Avi KL‡bv KjKvZvi cvZvj‡ij w`‡q Avgvi hvZvqvZ Kiv nqwb|
U¨vw·B wQj mB| Gevi gv‡K wb‡q KjKvZvi gvwUi Zjv w`‡q myo½ †i‡j mdi Ki‡Z G‡m †Ui †cjvg,
KjKvZvi †g‡Uªv †÷k‡b bv‡gi cwieZ©b n‡q‡Q| GjvKvwfwËK bvg¸‡jv ev` w`‡q ¸YxR‡bi bv‡g bvgKiY Kiv
n‡q‡Q| KjKvZvi GB cÖR‡š§i g‡a¨ cÖexY ¸YxRb‡ì kÖ×vf‡i ¯§iY ivLvi cÖeYZvUv †h Lye †ewk, †m K_vB g‡b
Kwi‡q w`j| †LuvR wb‡q Rvbjvg, cÖvq cÖwZwU †÷k‡biB bvg e`‡j‡Q| bZzb bvgKi‡Y G‡m‡Qb KjKvZv‡K
cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvix wKQy ¯^‡`kKvgx †bZv Avi wkíx-mvwnwZ¨K| Gu‡ì g‡a¨ Av‡QbÑKwe myfvl gy‡Lvcva¨vq, knx`
¶zwìvg (¶zwìvg emyi bv‡g DrmwM©Z), Kwe bRi“j (c~e©bvg Mwoqv evRvi †÷kb), MxZvÄwj (c~e©bvg bvKZjv
†÷kb, iex›`Öbv_ VvKzi iwPZ MxZvÄwj Kve¨MÖ‡š’i bv‡g DrmwM©Z), gv÷vi`v m~h© †mb (c~e©bvg euvk‡`ªvYx †÷kb),
†bZvwR (c~e©bvg Kzu`NvU †÷kb), gnvbvqK DËgKzgvi (c~e©bvg UvwjMÄ †÷kb), iex›`Öm‡ivei, hZxb `vm cvK©
(c~e©bvg nvRiv †÷kb), †bZvwR feb (c~e©bvg fevbxcyi †÷kb), iex›`Öm`b, gnvÍv MvÜx †ivW I wPËiÄb
A¨vwfwbD‡qi ms‡hvM¯’‡j Aew¯’Z, wMwik cvK© (c~e©bvg †Rvovmuv‡Kv †÷kb)| wnmve K‡i †`wL, iwe VvKz‡ii fv‡M
c‡o‡Q me‡P‡q †ewk bvg| MxZvÄwj, iex›`Öm‡ivei, iex›`Öm`bÑGB wZbwU bvg c‡o‡Q Zuvi fv‡M|
Avgiv 10 R‡bi wUg| Gi g‡a¨ GKgvÎ Avwg Gi Av‡M Ggb gvwUi Zjvi †ij‡÷kb w`‡q PjvPj K‡iwQ
BD‡ivc-Av‡gwiKv Ges KjKvZvq| evwK bqR‡bi Kv‡Q GB hvÎvwU Lye Pg‡Ki n‡eÑGB we‡ePbv †_‡K Avgiv
cvK© w÷ª‡Ui †g‡Uªv †÷k‡bi †fZ‡i Xz‡K hvB| Avgv‡ì cieZ©x Mš—e¨ iex›`ÖmiwY, †hLv‡b †b‡g Avgiv weojv
ZvivgÊ‡j hve| GUzKz c_ bv hvIqv hvq †nu‡U, bv cvIqv hvq †Kv‡bv U¨vw·| Avevi 10 R‡bi Rb¨ GKm‡½ `yB-
wZbUv U¨vw· cvIqvI KóKi| cvZvj‡ijB Avgv‡ì fimv|
†÷k‡bi Zjvq Xz‡K †`wL `yiK‡gi wUwKU| `~iZ¡ ey‡S 5 I 10 i“wc| cÖ_‡g i“wc w`‡q K‡qb wb‡Z nq GK
KvD›Uvi †_‡K| Zvici K‡qb XzwK‡q KcvU †Lvjv‡bv nq c¨vUd‡g©i| G ai‡bi Kv‡R AwfÁZv bv _vKv
e¨w³‡ì wb‡q gkKiv Ki‡Z Ki‡Z Beb Zvi `vw`‡K cÖ_‡g AvUKvj, c‡i Avevi cvi K‡i w`‡q †i‡ji †fZi
†XvKvj|
h_vixwZ `yB-wZb wgwb‡Ui gv_vq †Uªb Gj| mevB wg‡j Avgiv DVjvgI; wKš‘ hv Avk¼v K‡iwQjvg, Zv-B
n‡jv| 10 R‡bi g‡a¨ 4 Rb †b‡g hvIqvi Av‡MB ìRv eÜ n‡q hvq| iex›`Öbv_ hw` `j †_‡K nviv‡Zb, wZwb
Zuvi `‡ji m`m¨‡ì Luy‡R †c‡Z mviv w`b jvMv‡Zb| Avgv‡ì mgq iex›`Öbv_ †_‡K Avjv`v n‡q Av‡Q| Avgv‡ì
†gvevBj †dvb Av‡Q| myZivs, Avgiv Avevi Avgv‡ì `jxq m`m¨‡ì wd‡i cvB|
Ôiex›`Öm`bÕ †ij‡÷k‡b Avgv‡ì AwZwi³ cÖvq 15 wgwbU nuvUvnuvwU Ki‡Z nq| G mgqUv wQj mwZ¨B Lye
Dc‡fvM¨| †ijjvB‡bi cvo w`‡q †h †`qvj D‡V †M‡Q, Zvi Mv-UzKz †Q‡q Av‡Q iex›`Öbv‡_i wPÎvewj, nv‡Zi †jLv
Avi KweZvi jvB‡bi ci jvB‡b| GgbwU m¤¢eZ †`‡LwQjvg 1997-98 mv‡jI| ZL‡bv B‡”Q n‡qwQj Zvi Qwe
Zzj‡Z| mvnm K‡i Zzwjwb| GeviI Zzj‡Z AvMÖn †cjvg bv| KviY, jvj ni‡d eo eo K‡i †jLv i‡q‡Q
Photography Prohibited| wbD BqK©, jÛb ev c¨vwi‡mi gvwUi Zjvi †ij‡÷k‡b Avwg Aweivg Qwe Zz‡jwQ
w÷j Avi wfwWI K¨v‡givq| †Kv_vI wbivcËvnxbZvq †fv‡Mwb †mLvbKvi †ij KZ…©c¶| KjKvZv fzM‡Q| fzM‡Q
e‡jB Zv‡ì GB mZK©Zv|
Z‡e KjKvZvi g‡Zv GZ i“wPevb cvZvj‡ij †÷kb Avwg c¨vwim Qvov Avi †Kv_vI †`wLwb| Ab¨me †÷k‡b
†`‡LwQ eo eo c‡Yï weÁvcb| c¨vwi‡m †mm‡ei cv‡kI wQj wPÎKjv Avi msMx‡Zi ¯§iwYKv| KjKvZvq GL‡bv
†ewbqviv †Xv‡Kwb GB weÁvc‡b| ZvB GL‡bv iex›`Öbv_, bRi“j, wMwik †Nvl, ¯^vgx we‡eKvb›`, myfvl emy,
¶zwìv‡giv Zuv‡ì KxwZ© wb‡q Av‡Qb|
GKmgq Avgiv Ôiex›`Öm`bÕ †g‡Uªv †÷kb †_‡K †ei nB| Avgv‡ì mvg‡b gq`vb, wf‡±vwiqv †g‡gvwiqvj,
weojv ZviKvgÊj| KjKvZvq †nu‡U †nu‡U hviv g~j KjKvZvi A‡a©KUv †`L‡Z Pvb, Zuviv GB RvqMv¸‡jv †nu‡U
†nu‡UB †`L‡eb| Avwg GLb Avgv‡ì `‡ji MvBW| Avgvi m½x bqR‡bi `j‡K wb‡q Avwg Zv‡ì KjKvZv
†PbvB|
weMZ 25 eQ‡i 25 ev‡ii †ewk mgq GB kn‡i Avmv-hvIqv Kivi Kvi‡Y A‡bK wKQyB Avgvi gyL¯’| Zvi
ciI †Kb †hb gv‡Sg‡a¨ A‡bK cy‡iv‡bv wKQy‡KB bZzb K‡i †`Lvi g‡Zv g‡b nq|
112
weojvi ZviKvgÊj
mv‡qÝ wmwUi ÔBDwbfvm©vj w_‡qUviÕ †kv †`Lvi AvM ch©š— KjKvZvi GB weojv ZviKvgÊjB wQj me‡P‡q
†ivgvÂKi †mŠigÊjx †`Lvi RvqMv| 1997 mv‡j GUv cÖ_g †`‡LwQjvg| evsjv, wnw›` I Bs‡iwRÑwZb fvlv‡ZB
†ò NÈv cici Gi †kv n‡q _v‡K| †mevi fvM¨ cÖmbœ wQj bv| wnw›ì †kv-Uv †`L‡Z n‡qwQj| Gevi mevB‡K
wb‡q hLb nvwRi njvg, ZLb mvg‡b GB Ôwnw›`fvlxÕ †kv-UvB wQj| c¨v‡bUwiqv‡gi AvKviUv evB‡i I †fZi
†_‡K †`L‡Z A‡bKUv AvKvk‡K †hgb Avgiv fv‡e †`wL ev fvwe, wVK †miKg-wKQy| †fZ‡i Xz‡K †Ui †cjvg, GB
†MvjvKvi Qv`wUi Zjv-eivei PZzw`©‡K KjKvZv‡K †hgb K‡i mvwR‡q ivLv n‡q‡Q, Ic‡ii AvKv‡ki †P‡qI
PgrKvi Zvi iƒc| †mB we`¨vmvMi †mZz, knx` wgbvi, `w¶‡Yk¦i gw›ì, †ejyi gVÑZvi meUvi Ae¯’vbI cwi®‹vi
K‡i †`Lv hvq|
GKmgq m~h© Wz‡e hvq| mÜ¨v n‡q Av‡m| Av‡¯— Av‡¯— iv‡Zi Auvavi MÖvm K‡i mg¯— KjKvZv‡K| Avi
†mw`b ZviKvgÊjx †KvbUv †Kvb RvqMvq †_‡K Kx K_v ej‡Q c„w_exi m‡½, ZviB †hb cwiPq Kiv‡bvi cvjv|
wnw›` fvlv Avwg G‡Kev‡iB †h eywS bv, Zv bq| hZUzKz ey‡SwQ, Zv‡Z b¶ÎgÊjx, AvKvk, Qvqvc_ Avi MÖn¸‡jvi
m‡½ Avgiv GB c„w_ex‡Z Puv`-Zviv-m~h© wb‡q Kxfv‡e AvwQ, †hb ZviB iƒc †`L‡Z †cjvg|
GKmgq ivZ †kl n‡q Av‡m| cy‡ei AvKv‡k m~h© I‡V| Avwg Nyg †_‡K IVvB Av¤§v‡K| Av¤§v e‡jb, nuvU‡Z
nuvU‡Z K¬vš— n‡q c‡owQjvg| AÜKvi nIqvi ci Nyg G‡m †Mj| Lye fv‡jv Nyg n‡q‡Q| P‡jv Gevi †nv‡U‡j P‡j
hvB|
wKš‘ wZwb PvB‡jB †Zv Avi †nv‡U‡j †h‡Z cvi‡eb bv| Zuvi m½xiv Zuv‡K KjKvZv †`Lv‡e| ZLb gvÎ we‡Kj
n‡q‡Q| myZivs, wf‡±vwiqv †g‡gvwiqv‡ji mvg‡bi cÖk¯— dzUcvZIqvjv moK w`‡q nuvU‡Z nuvU‡Z Ges c‡_i
av‡ii Lvevi †`vKvb †_‡K †j¤^y †gvmvjv, kieZ I ev”Pv‡ì AvBmwµg †L‡Z †L‡Z Avgiv wf‡±vwiqv
†g‡gvwiqv‡j G‡m ùvovB|
KjKvZvi wf‡±vwiqv gnj

ivwb wf‡±vwiqv Avgvi gv‡qi Kv‡Q GK cwiwPZ bvg| ÔKzBb wf‡±vwiqvÕ e‡jb Avgvi Av¤§v| wZwb Zuvi g~wZ© †`‡Lb,
†fZ‡i Xz‡K Zuvi eënƒZ Kvco‡Pvco †`‡Lb, weªwUk‡ì Avg‡j KjKvZvi †h wPÎ wQj, Zv-I †`‡Lb Ges
GKmgq †ewi‡q G‡m e‡jb, ÔGUv †Zv ZvRgn‡ji g‡Zv jv‡M|Õ
Avwg ewj, ÔAv¤§v, ZvRgn‡ji wWRvBb bKj K‡i A‡bK wewìsB n‡q‡Q| GUvI A‡bKUv †miKgB| Avgiv
wf‡±vwiqv †g‡gvwiqvj †_‡K †ewi‡q cv‡ki GKUv D`¨v‡b hvB| ILv‡b PgrKvi GKUv cvK© n‡q‡Q| KjKvZvi
gvby‡liv †Lvjv‡gjv RvqMvq G‡m we‡KjUv KvUvq| †`wL, Zv‡ì Agb wKQy RvqMv Av‡Q| cwievi wb‡q G‡m‡Qb
Ggb gvby‡li msL¨vB †ewk| wf‡±vwiqv †g‡gvwiqv‡ji Kv‡QB Ô†gvni KzÄÕ| iex›`Öbv‡_i QvÎx KwYKv
e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi bv‡g bvg n‡q‡Q G cv‡K©i| KwYKv‡K iex›`Öbv_ WvK‡Zb †gvni e‡j| †m bvgUvB ¯§iY Kiv‡bv
n‡q‡Q GLv‡b| Av‡Q KwYKvi GKUv fv¯‹h©I|
mÜ¨v n‡q Avm‡Q| Avgiv LvwbK¶Y e‡m Qwe †ZvjvZzwj Kwi| j¨v¤ú‡cv‡÷i m‡½ w¯úKvi jvMv‡bv| †mLvb
†_‡K KwYKv e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi K‡É MvIqv iex›`Öbv‡_i Mvb †f‡m Avm‡Q|
Av¤§v Aw¯’i n‡q hvb gvMwi‡ei bvgvR covi Rb¨| cv‡K©i GK †Kv‡Y GKUv cwi®‹vi cvKv RvqMv cvIqv †Mj|
wZwb bvgvR cov †kl K‡i G‡m Avgv‡ì m‡½ hy³ nb| Avgiv cÖZx¶v Ki‡Z _vwK wKQy¶Y ci wf‡±vwiqv
†g‡gvwiqv‡ji jvBU A¨vÛ mvDÛ †kv †`Lvi Rb¨|
fvi‡Z Gi Av‡M AvMÖv, w`wj Avi Av›`vgv‡b †`‡LwQ jvBU A¨vÛ mvDÛ †kv| wf‡±vwiqv †g‡gvwiqv‡ji †kv-wU
Zv‡ì †Kv‡bvwUi †P‡qB fv‡jv bq| h‡_ó `ye©j| Zvi ciI †`wL Avgvi mnch©U‡Kiv cÖvYf‡i Dc‡fvM Ki‡Qb
B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi RvnvR †fov, cjvkx hy‡×i kã, jW© K¬vB‡fi K_vÑGme| KjKvZvi weªwUk ivR‡Z¡i `yB k
eQ‡ii Kvwnwbi m‡½ hy³ nq ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vjb Avi weªwUk‡ì fviZ Z¨v‡Mi KvwnwbI|
weªwUkiv P‡j †M‡Q, wKš‘ wb‡q †h‡Z cv‡iwb Zv‡ì evbv‡bv †mŠa¸‡jv| c„w_exi wbqgUvB ZvB| gvbyl wKQyw`‡bi
Rb¨ Av‡m, Avevi P‡j hvq| c„w_ex‡Z Zver wKQy †_‡K hvq, †mB mivBLvbvwUi g‡Zv|
iv‡Zi Av‡jvq wf‡±vwiqv †g‡gvwiqv‡ji Ab¨ iƒc| G iƒc Avwg eû Av‡MB †`‡LwQ| †mB 1990 I 1997
mv‡j| iv‡Zi †ejv PZ¡‡ii Rjvav‡ii Ici PgrKvi Qvqv c‡o wf‡±vwiqv †g‡gvwiqv‡ji| Avgvi ÔUªv‡fjvm© wK¬KmÕ
bv‡gi 1999 mv‡ji cÖ`k©bx‡Z GB QwewUB Avwg w`‡qwQjvg| ZLb ï‡bwQjvg, GLv‡b jvBU A¨vÛ mvDÛ †kvi
eë¯’v n‡e| GeviB cÖ_g Zv †`Lvi my‡hvM †cjvg|
113
fviZxq Rv`yN‡i
ciw`b mKvj‡ejv †nv‡Uj †_‡K †ewi‡q P‡j Avwm fviZxq Rv`yN‡i| Avgvi gv Rv‡bb GLv‡b †divD‡bi gwg
Av‡Q| wZwb †mUv †`L‡Z Pvb| evievi ej‡Qb, †KviAv‡b Av‡Q, †divD‡bi †Pnviv wb`k©b wn‡m‡e †i‡L †Ìqv
n‡e, wZwb †mUv †`L‡Z Pvb| Avwg GUv 1998 mv‡j †`‡LwQ| Rvwb, GUv †Kv‡bv dvivI ivRvi bq| Z‡e †m
mg‡qi Rwg`vi-UvB‡ci KviI gwg †mUv| Av¤§v e‡jb, mgm¨v †bB| GUvB †`L‡eb wZwb, aviYv cv‡eb GKUv
gwgi|
1998 mv‡j cÖ_gevi KjKvZv Rv`yN‡i A‡bK wKQy †`‡LB gy» n‡qwQjvg| Gevi †`wL †fZiUv A‡bK ¸wQ‡q
mvRv‡bv| mvg‡bB ivwb wf‡±vwiqvi GKUv gv‡e©jg~wZ©, Avi wbPZjv I †`vZjvq AwZ cÖvPxb g~jëvb DcKiY w`‡q
mvRv‡bv| eviv›`vq ïB‡q ivLv n‡q‡Q 25 †KvwU eQ‡ii cy‡iv‡bv dwmj|
gvSLv‡b GKUv eo DVvb| Zvi Pvicv‡k mvwi mvwi Kjvg-†ewóZ eo eo njNi| d¨vmv‡ì aib, †fZ‡ii
Aeqe, Zvi A‡bK wKQyi m‡½B weªwUk wgDwRqv‡gi wgj Av‡Q| hwÌ weªwUk wgDwRqv‡gi cÖ‡ekgyLUv G‡m‡Q
AvovB nvRvi eQi Av‡M wMÖ‡mi G‡_‡Ý evbv‡bv wMÖK gw›ì cv‡_©b‡bi Av`j †_‡K| ILv‡b wdwWqv‡mi ˆZwi
KZ¸‡jv fv¯‹h© †hgb wQj, weªwUk wgDwRqv‡gI ZvB| wKš‘ KjKvZvi GB Rv`yNiwU wbI K¬¨vwmK¨vj auv‡Pi| GLv‡b
fv¯‹wh©K Aeqe wejyß| Kwiwš’qvb Kjvg Av‡Q mvwi mvwi| mv`v i‡Oi GB cÖvmv‡`vcg `vjvbwU †_‡K †PvL miv‡bv
hvq bv| Zvi Mv¤¢xh©, Zvi †RŠjyk KjKvZv‡K †hgb K‡iwQj gwngvwš^Z, Zvi ¯’cwZ Iqvëvi wMÖbwfwj‡KI K‡iwQj
m¤§vwbZ| wf‡±vixq ixwZi PgrKvi D`vniY wn‡m‡e KjKvZvi GB Rv`yNi ïay fvi‡ZiB bq, cy‡iv GwkqviB GK
m¤ú`|
Avwg j¶ Kwi, gwg †`L‡Z G‡m Av¤§v AZ¨š— LuywU‡q LyuwU‡q me Ni †`L‡Qb| cÖvq GK k eQ‡ii cy‡iv‡bv G
Rv`yNiwU Gwkqvi Ab¨Zg †miv Rv`yNi wn‡m‡e wPwýZ| Avgiv †`wL, fvi‡Zi †eŠ× ¯—‚c, A‡kvK ¯—¤¢ (fviZxq
cÖRvZ‡š¿i RvZxq cÖZxK), cÖv‰MwZnvwmK cÖvYx‡ì dwmj, wkí msMÖn, `y®úÖÖvc¨ cÖvPxb mvgMÖx, f‚ZvwË¡K cÖ¯ —i
msMÖn| me‡k‡l wgmwi N‡i Xz‡K j¤^v †Uwe‡ji Ici Kv‡Pi ev‡· wPZ K‡i ïB‡q ivLv GK cÖvPxb wgmwii Aeqe
†`wL| Zvi gyLUzKz Qvov evwK meB c-v÷vi Ae c¨vwim-RvZxq †Kv‡bv Avei‡Y XvKv|
`yB NÈv Rv`yN‡ii g‡a¨ nuvUvnuvwU K‡i Avgiv mevB K¬vš—| Av¤§v‡K ewj, ÔP‡jv, †nv‡U‡j wM‡q †i÷ †bB|Õ
Av¤§v ivwR bb| e‡jb, ÔwLwìcyi RvnvRNvUUv †`Lvwe bv? †Zvi evc IB NvU †_‡K Rvnv‡R DV‡Zb|Õ
ÔAvi Kx †`Lev?Õ
Ô†Zvi bvbv GKUv Lye eo Avi my›ì gmwR‡` bvgvR co‡ZbÑbv‡Lv`v gmwR`| IUv †Kv_vq?Õ
ÔAvi Kx †`Lev?Õ
ÔnvIovi cyj †Kv_vq? Avi †Nvovi †im †Kv_vq n‡Zv?Õ
eySjvg, Gevi wmwU Uz¨‡i †e‡iv‡Z n‡e|
gvi m‡½ KjKvZv-`k©b

KjKvZvq Avgvi cwiwPZ GK U¨vw· WªvBfvi Av‡Qb| Zu vi bvg kvn Avjg| Avgv‡K Zuvi m‡½ cwiPq Kwi‡q
w`‡qwQj cÖ_g Av‡jvi mvsevw`K gvmyg Acy| Gi Av‡M gvmyg Acy Zvi ¯¿x †WBwRmn K‡qKevi Avgiv GB kvn
Avjg‡K wb‡q KjKvZv Ny‡iwQ| wZwb XvKvI †P‡bb, KjKvZvI| GKmgq Uzï MvBW wQ‡jb, GLb U¨vw· Pvjvb|
wKQy`~i K_v e‡j ey‡S †d‡jwQ, GB †jvKUvi Z_¨ Avgvi Lye ìKvi| Avgvi wWwRUvj f‡qm †iKW©viUv Ab K‡i
Avwg Zuvi eyKc‡K‡U wK¬c Gu‡U w`B| †divi mgq wb‡q hvB| KL‡bv †diZ wb‡Z fzj Ki‡j wZwb Avgvi †nv‡Uj
wiwmck‡b IUv †cuŠ‡QI †`b|
KjKvZvq wewfbœ RvqMv‡K wZwb XvKvB bv‡g Wv‡Kb Avgv‡ì mvg‡b| ag©Zjv‡K e‡jb ¸wj¯—vb, weev`xevM‡K
gwZwSj, DËi KjKvZv‡K cyivb XvKv, `w¶Y KjKvZv‡K avbgwÛ, më †jK‡K evwiaviv, ivRvinvU‡K
c~e©vÂjÑGgbB me bv‡g| Avwg gv‡K wb‡q KjKvZv †`L‡Z kvn Avjg‡K †W‡K Avwb| Avgvi †dvb †c‡q Zuvi
GKUv wUªc ms‡¶c K‡i P‡j Av‡mb Avgvi Kv‡Q| Avwg Zuv‡K ewj, ÔAvgvi gv‡K KjKvZv †`Lvb| wKQy RvqMv
Nywi‡q G‡b wLwìcy‡i bvgv‡eb Avgv‡ì|Õ
BwÛqvb wgDwRqv‡gi mvg‡b †_‡K ïi“ n‡q hvq Avgv‡ì hvÎv| Mvwo ÷vU© w`‡q kvn Avjg e‡jb, ÔAv‡mb|
Av‡M Avcbv‡ì cëb †`LvB| ewj, KjKvZvq Avevi cëb Gj †Kv‡Ì‡K?Õ
114
kvn Avjg nv‡mb| Avwg eyS‡Z cvwi Zuvi nvwmi gv‡b| Gi Av‡MI eûevi wZwb KjKvZv †`Lv‡Z wM‡q Avgv‡K
XvKvi RvqMv¸‡jvi bvg e‡jwQ‡jb| Avgv‡ì nv‡Z Pvi-cuvP NÈv mgq| Avgv‡ì †Zgb †Kv‡bv ZvovI †bB
†Kv_vI hvIqvi| AvcvZZ Avgv‡ì Pj‡Z n‡”Q U¨vw· WªvBfv‡ii Ici wbf©i K‡i| wZwb wKQy`~i Mvwo Pvjvb,
Zvici _vwg‡q wKQy e³…Zv K‡ib| e³…Zv ïb‡Z ïb‡Z Avgiv bvbv fw½gvq Qwe Zzwj| Avevi G‡m Zuvi U¨vw·‡Z
e‡m cwo| Avevi ïi“ nq Avgv‡ì hvÎv| †dvU© DBwjqvg cvi n‡q hvB| GKUz †b‡g †h GLvbKvi Qwe Zzje, †m
my‡hvM †bB| WªvBfvi mveavb K‡i w`‡q‡Qb, Ô†bv d‡Uv| GLv‡b Qwe †Zvjv hv‡e bv|Õ Wvb cv‡k KZ¸‡jv cywj‡ki
g~wZ©| Iiv GKUv e›`yK nv‡Z wb‡q gv_v wbPz K‡i ùvwo‡q Av‡Q| WªvBfvi e‡j, ÔI¸‡jv weªwUk cywjk| GLb Iiv
gv_v wbPz K‡i ùvwo‡q Av‡Q GLv‡b| Av‡M GLv‡b fviZxq †Kv‡bv gvbyl gv_v DuPz K‡i ùvov‡Z cviZ bv Gme
cywj‡ki Kvi‡Y| GLb Iiv P‡j †M‡Q, Zv‡ì g~wZ© evwb‡q ivLv n‡q‡Q GLv‡b| GLb Zv‡ì gv_v wbPz|Õ
kvn Avjg e‡jb, ÔGUv n‡”Q Avcbv‡ì cëb| GLv‡b Rbmfv nq| weª‡MW P‡j| †h hZ †ewk †jvK nvwRi
Ki‡Z cv‡i, †m ZZ eo †bZv n‡q hvq|Õ e‡jB nvm‡Z ïi“ K‡ib|
Avgiv AvKvkevYx feb cvi nB| GB fe‡bi Lei Av¤§v Rv‡bb| GKvËi mv‡j †iwWI ïb‡Zb, AvKvkevYx
KjKvZv| Lei cowQ, †è`yjvj e‡›`¨vcva¨vq...| GB feb †_‡KB Zvn‡j m¤úÖPvi n‡Zv Avgv‡ì hy‡×i Lei!
AvKvkevYx cvi n‡q P‡j Avwm Mfb©i nvDm| Zvi cv‡k ¶zzwìvg emy †÷wWqvg Ges Zvi Dëv w`‡K GKUv
`vjv‡bi mvg‡b GKUv PZ¡‡i GK wK‡kv‡ii g~wZ©| Avgiv wbwðZÑGUvB ¶zwìvg emy|
Avgv‡ì `‡ji me©Kwbô m½x Avgvi cyÎ Beb| Zvi eqm 15| †m †R‡b †M‡QÑ¶zzwìvg hLb Zuvi eqmx wQj,
ZLbB weªwUk †L`vI Av‡›`vj‡b †hvM w`‡qwQ‡jb| GLb wZwb GK knx` exi| †hb Avgv‡ì GK b~i †nv‡mb| Beb
IB g~wZ©i cv‡k ùvwo‡q Qwe †Zvjvi e¨vcv‡i B”Qv cÖKvk K‡i| wKš‘ Mvwo ivLvi e‡›`ve¯— bv _vKvi Kvi‡Y Zvi
g‡bvevmbv c~Y© nq bv|
Avgv‡ì U¨vw· G‡m ùvovq wf‡±vwiqv †g‡gvwiqvj cvi n‡q Wvb cv‡k GKUv Lvwj RvqMvq| iv¯—vi Ici
KZ¸‡jv UgUg| GKmgq Bs‡i‡Ri KjKvZvq GUvB wQj PjvP‡ji cÖavb evnb| wek kZ‡Ki cÖ_g w`‡K
KjKvZvq †gvUiMvwo Av‡m, eo eo mv‡neiv Pvjv‡Zb †m¸‡jv| Avgv‡ì iex›`Öbv‡_iI GKLvbv Mvwo wQj|
Avgiv †`‡LwQ †mUv †Rvovmuv‡Kvi VvKzievwo‡Z| GLb †Nvovi Mvwo wKš‘ hvÎx PjvP‡ji Rb¨ bq, gq`v‡bi Pvi
cvk Nywi‡q †`Lv‡bvi Rb¨|
M‡oi gvV
G gq`v‡bi K_v KZ ï‡bwQ †QvU‡ejvq `v`vi Kv‡Q! G‡K ejv n‡Zv M‡oi gvV| GL‡bv GB bv‡gB Zv‡K Wv‡K
A‡b‡K| M‡oi gvV GK k eQi Av‡M wbðqB AviI duvKv wQj| duvKv-duvKv wKQy †evSv‡Z evsjvq ÔM‡oi gvVÕ
evM&avivi g‡Zv eënvi Kiv nq| wbðqB Dwbk kZ‡Ki †k‡li w`‡Ki †Kv‡bv evOvwj †jLK G gvV‡K w`‡qB duvKv
_vKvi welqUv eywS‡qwQ‡jb| Avwg 1990 mv‡j G‡m cÖ_g G gq`v‡bi Qwe Zzwj| †mUv wQj †fvi‡ejvi cwi‡ek|
Kzqvkvi †fZi KZ¸‡jv †jvK‡K kixiPP©v Ki‡Z †`wL| GL‡bv †mB GKB cwi‡ek| Ae¯’vi †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nqwb
GLv‡b| †fvi‡ejv kixim‡PZb gvby‡li kixiPP©v, `ycyi-we‡KjRy‡o †Ljvayjvi bvbv PP©v ZLb †hgb wQj, GL‡bv
Zv-B| Gi cv‡kB ˆZwi n‡qwQj †ek KZ¸‡jv gvV| GKUv gvV †`wL‡q kvn Avjg e‡jb, GUv gwn›ì Agibv‡_i
wµ‡KU ¯‹zj| 7 †_‡K 11 eQi eqmx †Q‡j‡ì wµ‡KU †Ljv †kLv‡bv nq GLv‡b| GLvb †_‡K c‡i †L‡jvqvoiv
D‡V Av‡m| †mŠif Mv½yjx wKš‘ G gvV †_‡KB cÖ¨vKwUm K‡i †L‡jvqvo n‡q‡Qb| Gi cv‡kB †bZvwR Bb‡Wvi
†÷wWqvg| Zvici B‡Wb|
B‡Wb Mv‡W©‡bi K_v ï‡b Avgvi cÂ`kel©xq cyÎ Beb mPwKZ n‡q I‡V| wµ‡KU †Ljvi Av‡`¨vcvš— Ges
†L‡jvqvo‡ì cwimsL¨vb Zvi gyL¯’| evsjv‡`‡ki c‡i fviZ Zvi wcÖq wUg| me‡P‡q wcÖq KjKvZv bvBU
ivBWviÑKKR| GB wUg kvni“L Lv‡bi| Avgv‡ì mvwKe GB wU‡g †L‡j| d‡j kvni“L Lvb GB gv‡V e‡m
†h‡nZz †Ljv †`‡L‡Q, †m Kvi‡Y gvVUv †`‡LB Zvi Avb›` nq| gv‡Vi †fZ‡i hvIqvi e¨vcv‡i †m B”Qv cÖKvk
K‡i| wKš‘ GLb †Kv‡bv †Ljv Pj‡Q bv| ILv‡b hvIqvi my‡hvM †bB|
B‡W‡bi K_v AvwgI †QvU‡ejv †_‡K ï‡b G‡mwQ| wµ‡K‡Ui Rš§`vZv Bsj¨v‡Ûi jW©m Avi fvi‡Zi B‡Wb
Mv‡W©b| iex›`Öbv‡_i hLb wZb eQi eqm, ZLbB GLv‡b GB wµ‡KU †÷wWqvg evbv‡bv nq| †ò k eQ‡ii †ewk
mgq a‡i †U÷ †_‡K ïi“ K‡i wU-†Uv‡qw›U ch©š— wµ‡K‡Ui hZ ai‡bi †Ljv Av‡Q, Zvi meB n‡q‡Q GB gv‡V|
GK jv‡Li †ewk gvbyl GKm‡½ GB gv‡V e‡m †Ljv †`L‡Z cv‡i|
115
GKmgq G gvV wbðqB fviZxq‡ì Rb¨ cÖ‡ek Kiv wbwl× wQj| †Kej Bs‡iRivB †LjZ, evOvwjiv ej Kzwo‡q
AvbZ| KjKvZvq bv n‡jI fvi‡Zi Ab¨ AÂ‡j GB wµ‡KU †Ljv wb‡q Bs‡iRiv Kx K‡iwQj, Zv †`‡LwQjvg
Avwgi Lv‡bi Qwe jMb-G| evOvwjiv wK ZLb M‡oi gv‡Vi †Lvjv RvqMvq wµ‡KU †LjZ? †LjZ wbðqB| Zv bv
n‡j fviZ †Kgb K‡i wµ‡K‡U GZUv G¸‡jv?
M‡oi gvV wK ZLb evOvwj‡ì `L‡j wQj bv? GK †jLvq c‡owQ, Bs‡iR ˆmbïv gq`v‡b evOvwj †Q‡j‡ì
†`L‡jB jvw_ gviZ| evOvwjiv GZUvB fxi“ ¯^fv‡ei wQj †h, Gi †Kv‡bv cÖwZev`B KiZ bv| Gme Aek¨
mvaviY evOvwj‡ì †ejvq wQj| weªwUk‡ì ggZvcyó evOvwj‡ì †¶‡Î bq| iex›`Öbv_ VvKz‡ii †g‡Rv eDw` Kv`¤îx
†èx †Zv GB gv‡VB wb‡R †Nvov Pvwj‡q Avm‡Zb| Zuvi †ejv GB wbqg wQj bv|
GB gq`v‡bi †Kvbvq †Kvbvq GLb ˆZwi n‡q‡Q †QvU †QvU †Ljvi gvV| A‡bK K¬ve Av‡Q| gvV¸‡jv K¬v‡ei
m`mïv fvMvfvwM K‡i eënvi K‡i| †gvnbevMvb A¨v_‡jwUK K¬ve, B÷ †e½j K¬ve I †gvnv‡gWvb †¯úvwU©s K¬ve
gq`v‡bi cÖavb me µxov ms¯’v| G Qvov A‡bK †QvU K¬v‡ei ZuveyI gq`v‡b Av‡Q| 1804 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi gv‡m
†Kv¤úvwbi cy‡iv‡bv G‡Uvwbqvbiv gq`v‡b GKwU `yB w`‡bi wµ‡KU g¨v‡Pi Av‡qvRb K‡iwQ‡jb| GwUB gq`v‡b
Av‡qvwRZ cÖ_g wµ‡KU g¨vP| we‡k¦i cÖvPxbZg nwK Uzb©v‡g›U †eBUb Kvc Pvjy nq 1895 mv‡j| GwU mvaviYZ
†gvnbevMvb gv‡V Av‡qvwRZ n‡Zv|
†Ljvayjv I †mbvevwnbxi KzPKvIqvR QvovI gq`v‡b AviI wKQy KvR nq| GLvbKvi cyKzi¸‡jv‡Z †avcviv
Kvco Kv‡P Ges gv‡V cïcvj‡Kiv †fov, QvMj, Mi“ BZ¨vw` Pivq| mKv‡j A‡b‡KB GLv‡b cÖvZå©g‡Yi Rb¨
Av‡mb| 1902 mv‡j Rvg‡k`wR d×vgwR g¨vWvb evB‡¯‹vc wb‡q G‡j gq`v‡b GKwU Zuvey‡Z wm‡bgv †`Lv‡bvi
eë¯’v Kiv nq| mZ¨wRr iv‡qi GKvwaK Qwei ïwUsI GB gq`v‡b n‡q‡Q|
gq`vb‡K ejv nq KjKvZvi dzmdzm| wµ‡KU †÷wWqvg, B‡Wb Mv‡W©b, KjKvZv †im‡Kvm©, iq¨vj K¨vjKvUv
Mjd K¬ve I †ek K‡qKwU dzUej †÷wWqvg GB gv‡Vi Ask| †Ljvi gvV Qvov gq`v‡b wf‡±vwiqv †g‡gvwiqvj nj,
ivRfeb, †dvU© DBwjqvg, we`¨vmvMi †mZz, weojv ZviKvgÊj, †m›U cjm K¨vw_Wªvj, b›`b-iex›`Öm`b PZ¡i,
cwðge½ evsjv GKv‡Wwgi cÖavb Kvh©vjq, wbD gv‡K©U, GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU feb, cwðge½ weavbmfv feb,
AvKvkevYx KjKvZvi Kvh©vjq, fviZxq msMÖnvjqmn KjKvZvi K‡qKwU cÖavb `ªóe¨¯’j GB gv‡Vi cv‡kB
Aew¯’Z| cwðge½ ivR¨ mwPevjq gnvKiY, Avwjcyi cïkvjv I fvi‡Zi RvZxq MÖš’vMviI GB gv‡Vi Kv‡QB
Aew¯’Z|
gq`vbwU GLb fviZxq †mbvevwnbxi m¤úwË| fvi‡Zi RvZxq wè‡mi c¨v‡iW GB gq`v‡bi cÖv‡š—B n‡q
_v‡K| gymjgvb‡ì C‡ì RvgvZ¸‡jvI GLv‡b nq| gq`v‡bi †Ljvi gvV cvi n‡jB †ek †Lvjv‡gjv RvqMvq
A‡bK fv¯‹h© ùvo Kwi‡q ivLv| Gi †kl gv_vq M½vi Zxi-eivei KjKvZvq me‡P‡q msiw¶Z
GjvKvÑ†mbvwbevm| GKmgq GUvB wQj DBwjqvg `yM©| GB `yM© w`‡qB wKš‘ KjKvZvq bvMwiK KvVv‡gv wbg©v‡Yi
m~Pbv|
cjvkxi hy‡× Rqjv‡fi GK eQi ci 1758 mv‡j weªwUk B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb †Mvwe›`cyi MÖv‡gi †K›`Ö¯’‡j
bZzb †dvU© DBwjqvg `y‡M©i wbg©vYKvR ïi“ K‡i| IB MÖv‡gi evwm›`v‡ì Avw_©K ¶wZc~iY Ges ZvjZjv,
KzgviUzwj I †kvfvevRvi AÂ‡j Rwg †Ìqv nq| 1777 mv‡j `yM© wbg©v‡Yi KvR †kl nq| GLb †hLv‡b GB `yM©,
GKmgq †mLv‡b Nb R½j wQj| Gi †_‡K gvBj `y‡qK `~‡ii †PŠi½x MÖvg †_‡K b`xi Zxi ch©š — ebvÂj‡K †K‡U
b`xi cv‡o evbv‡bv n‡qwQj `yM©, Avi gvSLv‡bi RvqMvwU †Lvjv PZ¡iÑGB M‡oi gvV| cÖ_g w`‡K cuvP
eM©wK‡jvwgUvi AvqZbwewkó gq`vb M‡o †Zvjv n‡qwQj †mbvevwnbxi c¨v‡iW MÖvDÛ wn‡m‡eB| BD‡ivcxqiv
gq`v‡bi Avkcv‡k emwZ ¯’vcb Ki‡Z ïi“ Ki‡j fviZxqiv GB AÂj †Q‡o P‡j hvq| abx cwievi¸‡jvi g‡a¨
†è cwievi †kvfvevRv‡i, VvKzi cwievi †Rvovmuv‡Kvq I cv_ywiqvNvUvq Ges †Nvlvj cwievi f‚‰Kjv‡m (wLwìcyi)
P‡j hvq| Z‡e GB AÂ‡ji Avkcv‡k GKvwaK ¸i“Z¡c~Y© feb I ¯’vcbv M‡o D‡V‡Q| 1882 mv‡j K¨vjKvUv
UªvgI‡qR Ki‡cv‡ikb †PŠi½x †_‡K wLwìcyi I KvjxNvU ch©š— †h ev®úPvwjZ Uªvg Pvjv‡bv ïi“ K‡i, Zv PjZ
gq`v‡bi Ici w`‡qB| 1889 mv‡j GLv‡b ê`y¨wZK Uªvg PjvPj ïi“ nq|
KjKvZvi Avw` Rwg`vi mveY© ivq †PŠayixi cwievi Zuv‡ì Avw` emwZ nvwjkni †_‡K †h iv¯—vwU wbg©vY Kivb,
†mwU gq`v‡bi cvk w`‡q KjKvZvi DËi I `w¶YvÂ‡ji g‡a¨ ms‡hvM i¶vKvix †PŠi½xi Ici w`‡q †hZ| iex›`Ö
†mZz gq`vb AÂj †_‡K A‡bKUv `~‡i n‡jI ûMjx b`xi Ici wbwg©Z we`¨vmvMi †mZz gq`v‡bi GKwU As‡ki
Ici wbwg©Z nq|
116
AZx‡Z gq`vb weªwUk fvi‡Zi wewfbœ Mfb©i †Rbv‡ij I Ab¨vb¨ D”P c`vwaKvixi g~wZ©‡Z †kvwfZ wQj| Gu‡ì
g‡a¨ wQ‡jb jW© KvR©b, wKPbvi, ievU©m, jW© wg‡›Uv, b_©eª“K, jW© K¨vwbs I Ab¨ e¨w³iv, huviv AZx‡Z KjKvZvi
m‡½ bvbvfv‡e hy³ wQ‡jb| 1947 mv‡j ¯^vaxbZv AR©‡bi ci K‡qK eQ‡i GK-`ywU g~wZ© gq`vb †_‡K AcmviY
Kiv nq| 1969 mv‡j †kl 16wU g~wZ© AcmviY Kiv nq| Gi c‡i Gme g~wZ©i k~b¨ †ew`‡Z gnvÍv MvÜx, ivg‡gvnb
ivq, wPËiÄb `vk, RInijvj †bni“, myfvlP›`Ö emy, kÖx Aiwe›`, gvZw½bx nvRiv, cÖxwZjZv Iqv‡Ï`vi, Bw›ìv
MvÜx, †Mvô cvj cÖgyL e¨w³i cÖwZg~wZ© ¯’vwcZ nq| Gmc¨v‡b‡Wi DËi-c~e© †Kv‡Y †jwbb Rš§kZZgel© Dcj‡¶
†jwb‡bi GKwU g~wZ©I ¯’vcb Kiv nq|
†Nvovi gvV
gv‡K wb‡q Avgiv M‡oi gv‡Vi cv‡k GKUv †e‡Â e‡m KjKvZvi Mí †kvbvB| wZwb KZ¸‡jv †Nvov‡K Pj‡Z †`‡L
WªvBfvi kvn Avjg‡K e‡jb, ÔGB †Nvov w`‡q wK †`Šo n‡Zv?Õ
kvn Avjg‡K Reve w`‡Z w`B bv Avwg| ewj, Ôbv, IUv n‡Zv †im‡Kvm© gv‡V| Avgvi `v`vi †im †Ljvi Af¨vm
wQj| Zuvi mncÖevmxiv evwo wM‡q ej‡Zb, †Zvgvi `v`v hv KvgvB‡Zb, Zv †Nvov¸‡jv‡i w`‡q Avm‡Zb| e‡jB
nvmvnvwm ïi“ K‡i w`‡Zb| eywS Kx K_v ej‡Qb Zuviv|Õ
Av‡MI †`‡LwQ, †Nvovi †`Šo wb‡q evwR aivi †Ljvq cvovq cvovq ey‡oviv Kx cwigvY e¨vKzj _v‡K! Bsj¨v‡Ûi
†hme MÖvgvÂ‡j †Nvo‡`Š‡oi Av‡qvRb Kiv nq, †mLv‡b mevB †h‡Z cv‡i bv| Zv‡Z mgm¨v †bB, Ryqvi `vb wb‡q
hviv e‡m Zviv cqmv Dïj Kivi hveZxq Kvq`v gyL¯’ iv‡L| cvovq cvovq †gv‡oi †`vKvbwU‡K cve evwb‡q
†i‡L‡Q| †mLv‡b e‡m e‡m weqvi LvI Avi †Uwjwfk‡bi c`©vq †Nvovi †`Šo †`‡Lv| jvBf †kv| cv‡ei KvD›Uv‡i
†Nvovi b¤^‡i evwR a‡i cvDÛ awi‡q †Ìqv hvq| †Nvov wR‡Z †M‡j IB †`vKvwbB b¨vh¨ cqmv nvm‡Z nvm‡Z
awi‡q †`‡e| †Nvov nvi‡j ùvZ †ei K‡i nvm‡e, Ôe¨vW jvK, m¨vi UªvB †b·U UvBg|Õ e¨m, GUzKzB| GLv‡b GB
KjKvZvq hLb Bs‡iRiv Av‡m, Zv‡ì we‡bv`‡bi Ask wn‡m‡e †Nvov †`Šov‡bv wb‡q Ryqv †Ljvi GB Av‡qvRbwUI
Zviv wb‡q Av‡m| GUv GL‡bv KjKvZvq †hgb Av‡Q, Avgv‡ì XvKv‡ZI GUv wQj| GLb †hwU †mvnivIqv`©x
D`¨vb, ZLb Gi bvg wQj †im‡Kvm© gq`vb| Avgiv wVK Kwi, Gevi KjKvZvi †im‡Kvm© gq`vbwU †`‡L hve|
KjKvZvi †im‡Kvm© gq`vbwU 1820 mv‡j evbv‡bv nq| GUv PvjvZ KjKvZvi iq¨vj Uvd© K¬ve| GLv‡b eQ‡ii
GKUv wbw`©ó mg‡q GB †Nvo‡`Š‡oi Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡Zv| GUv RyjvB ïi“ n‡Zv gv‡m Ges †m‡Þ¤î gvm ch©š —
PjZ| Zvici GwU Avevi b‡f¤î gv‡m ïi“ n‡Zv| PjZ gvP© gvm Aewa| GB gvm¸‡jvRy‡o cÖwZ mßv‡ni ïay
kwbevi w`b †Nvo‡`Š‡oi Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡Zv|
2015 mv‡ji 2 Rvbyqvwi Avgiv hLb †im‡Kv‡m©i gv‡Vi †M‡U G‡m †cuŠwQ, ZLb †MU Zvjve×| †i‡mi mgq
Qvov †Kv‡bv wfwRUi †fZ‡i †h‡Z cv‡i bv| wKš‘ Avgiv †c‡i †Mjvg| Avgv‡ì WªvBfvi kvn Avjg †M‡Ui
`v‡ivqv‡bi m‡½ Kv‡b Kv‡b Kx me ej‡jb| Zvici Avgvi KvQ †_‡K GK k UvKv wb‡q wM‡q `v‡ivqv‡bi nv‡Z
Zz‡j w`‡jb| Avwg wnw›`fvlx `v‡ivqvb‡K LuvwU evsjvq ejjvg, ÔfvB, Avgvi wcZvgn GB gv‡V †Nvovi †`Šo wb‡q
evwR ai‡Zb lvU-mËi eQi Av‡M| Avwg mviv Rxeb GB †im‡Kv‡m©i K_v ï‡bwQ, †`wLwb KL‡bv| Avgvi gv‡KI
m‡½ wb‡q G‡mwQ| Avgv‡K wK †fZiUv GKUz †`Lv‡eb?Õ
`v‡ivqv‡bi nv‡Z GK k UvKvi †bvU P‡j †M‡Q| wZwb Kjvcwmej †MU Lyj‡Z Lyj‡Z nvm‡jb Ges wnw›`‡Z hv
ej‡jb, Zvi evsjv ZiRgv n‡”Q, ÔAvR †`‡L hvb| Kvj we‡Kj wZbUvq eo †Ljv Av‡Q|Õ Avwg PvB‡j Avgvi
fvM¨cix¶v K‡i wb‡Z cvwi|
Avwg ejjvg, ÔAek¨B m¤¢e n‡j Kvj G‡m fvM¨ cix¶v Kie| wKš‘ AvR Avwg †Nvov¸‡jv †`L‡Z PvB|Õ
Avgiv †fZ‡i Xz‡K GKUv eo ¸`vgN‡ii g‡Zv RvqMv †`L‡Z cvB| †mLv‡b ZvMov ZvMov †Nvov ivLv Av‡Q|
G‡KK †Nvovi G‡KK bvg| Avgv‡K KZ¸‡jv bvg ejv n‡jv, wKš‘ Avwg LyuwR ÔgnvivwbÕ‡K|
`v‡ivqvb e‡jb, ÔGB bv‡g †Zv †Kv‡bv †Nvov †bB|Õ
Avwg ewj, ÔÒgnvivwbÓ gviv †M‡j wbðqB Zvi bvwZcywZ GLb Av‡Q| Avgvi `v`v †h †Nvovi †cQ‡b UvKv
Xvj‡Zb, Zvi bvg wQj ÒgnvivwbÓ| †m GKevi wRZ‡j 10 evi nviZ| wKš‘ Avgvi `v`v cÖwZeviB Zv‡K ai‡Zb|Õ
nv‡m `v‡ivqvb|
G mgq AviI wKQy Z_¨ †hvM K‡ib Avgv‡ì WªvBfvi| e‡jb, ÔGme †Nvov wb‡q we¯—i M‡elYv nq| cÖwZUv
†Nvovi ¯^fve-PwiÎ, eskcwiPqÑme evwRK‡ii gyL¯’ _v‡K| Zviv ixwZg‡Zv M‡elYv K‡i Ime wb‡q| †Kgb
†Nvov, KLb Kx Lvq, KLb NygvqÑme Zv‡ì gyL¯’| †Kvb w`b †Nvovi gyW Ab n‡e, Zviv Zv-I Rv‡b| †hw`b Zvi
117
gyW Ad _vK‡e, †mw`bB wec`| †`Š‡o GwM‡q _vKvi ciI †kl cÖv‡š— G‡m MwZ Kwg‡q †`‡e| Av‡iKRb‡K
dv÷© K‡i †`‡e|Õ
Avgiv P‡j Avwm GK`g gv‡Vi †fZi| Gi GKcv‡k GKUv M¨vjvwi Av‡Q| †÷wWqv‡gi wfAvBwc M¨vjvwii
g‡Zv Zvi Aeqe| av‡c av‡c wmuwo, Zvi Ic‡i Uvwji Qv`| kvn Avjg e‡jb, ÔAvcwb ïay M¨vjvwiwUi Qwe
†Zv‡jb, `~‡ii wewìs¸‡jv ev` w`‡q| †`‡Lb, GUv KjKvZv, bv jÛb?Õ
Avgvi Kv‡QI LUKv jv‡M|
cÖvq `yB k eQi a‡iB GLv‡b GB †Nvovi †`Šo n‡”Q| Bs‡iRiv wb‡q G‡mwQj 1820 mv‡j| Zviv hZ w`b
wQj, †Nvov †`Šov‡bv wb‡q g”Qe †Zv K‡i‡QB, hvIqvi ci fviZxq mv‡ne‡ì RbÏ †i‡L †M‡Q Zv‡ì †mB
Av‡qvRb|
kvn Avjg e‡jb, ÔGLv‡b cÖcvi †Wªm‡KvW gvbv nq| huviv Av‡mb, Zuv‡ì myU -UvB c‡i Avm‡Z nq| RyZv bv
civ _vK‡j M¨vjvwi‡Z e‡m †Nvovi †`ŠoI †`Lv hv‡e bv|Õ BwZg‡a¨ †ek LvwZi n‡q hvq †im‡Kv‡m©i
wbivcËvi¶xi m‡½|
j¶ Kwi, wZwb Avgv‡ì cÖwZ h‡_ó AbyMZ| Avwg †fZ‡ii gvV †`L‡Z PvB‡j wZwb GKUv †eov Ly‡j w`‡q
Avgvi gv‡K wb‡q G‡Kev‡i Uª¨v‡Ki Ici P‡j Av‡mb| mvg‡b GKUv eo cyKzi| GB cyKz‡i bvwK wKQy †Nvov‡K
GLb †Mvmj Kiv‡bv n‡”Q| Av¤§v †Nvovi †Mvmj Kiv‡bv †`L‡eb|
ewj, ÔIUv A‡bK `~i| ev` †`b|Õ
Av¤§v gb Lvivc K‡i P‡j Av‡mb|
†im‡Kvm© †`Lv †kl K‡i Avgiv Avevi Mvwo‡Z DwV| Avgiv Mvwo Nywi‡q nvIov weªRgyLx hvÎv ïi“ Kwi|
nvIov weªR A_ev iex›`Ö †mZz

nvIov weª‡Ri bvg ï‡b gv PgwKZ nb| e‡jb, Ô†Zvi bvbvi gy‡L eûevi GB weª‡Ri K_v ï‡bwQ| GUvi bvwK Gcvi
†_‡K Icvi †`Lv hvq bv|Õ
Avwg ewj, Ô†gv‡UI bv| Av‡mv, hvw”Q Avgiv weª‡Ri w`‡K|Õ
GB nvIov weªR‡K Avwg m¤¢eZ cÖ_g †`wL GKUv Pjw”P‡Î| Igcyix MÖvg †_‡K ÔwmwU Ae RqÕ-Gi Lei †c‡q
G‡m‡Q Ges †m wfoevÆvi †fZi w`‡q Uvbv wiKkv Pvjvq| †cQ‡b nvIov weªR| nvIov weªRB †Zv KjKvZvi
†UªWgvK©!
KjKvZv Avi nvIovÑGB `yB hgR kni‡K †hvM Kiv GB weªRwU Avwg cÖ_g cvwo w`B 1990 mv‡j| IUv cvi
n‡q Avgiv wM‡qwQjvg wkecy‡ii BwÄwbqvwis K‡j‡R|
1965 mvj †_‡KB G weª‡Ri bvg e`j n‡q‡Q| Ôiex›`Ö †mZzÕ Zvi †cvkvwK bvg| KjKvZvq cÖvq me †mZzi
bvgB e`‡j‡Q| GB bvg e`‡j cÖ_‡g ¯§iY Kiv n‡q‡Q iex›`Öbv_‡K| hwÌ VvKzi cwiev‡ii mswkóZv wQj
b`xc‡_i m‡½, wKš‘ Ab¨ me Ô†UMiÕ-Gi Kg©KvÊ ¤vb n‡q wM‡q‡Q iex›`Öbv‡_i Kv‡Q|
iex›`Öbv‡_i R‡š§i 19 eQi Av‡M, Zuvi wcZvgn ØviKvbv_ VvKzi GLv‡b GKUv †Pb-Uvbv †dwi emv‡bvi D‡`¨vM
wb‡qwQ‡jb, 1842 mv‡j|
Zvi Av‡M †QvU †QvU wWwO‡Z P‡o w`‡b cÖvq 10 nvRvi gvbyl ûMjx b`x cvwo w`‡q nvIov-KjKvZvq PjvPj
KiZ| †bŠKvq GB ågY ïay †h SzuwKc~Y©, mgqmv‡c¶ I KóKi wQj, Zv-B bq, wWwO‡Z gvj †evSvB I Lvjv‡mi
Amyweavi Kvi‡Y nvIovi A_©‰bwZK DbœqbI e¨vnZ nw”Qj| Bsj¨v‡Ûi cvBgvD‡_ GgbB GK mgm¨vi mgvavb
Kiv n‡qwQj w÷g †dwi weª‡Ri gva¨‡g| G-msµvš— Lei Qvcv nq GKwU cwÎKvq|
†e½j niKivq Qvcv nIqv aviYvwU ÔKvi †UMi A¨vÛ †Kv¤úvwbÕ `ª“Z jy‡d †bq| ØviKvbv_ VvKzi K‡qKRb
Bs‡iR‡K Zuvi GB cÖK‡íi Askx`viI K‡ib| Gi m‡½ GKmgq hy³ nb DBwjqvg wcÖ‡Ýc, huvi bv‡g GKUz `~‡i
GKUv PgrKvi NvU Av‡Q M½vi Zx‡i| GKmgq GKUv cÖKí †bIqv nq †h, 90 evB 90 dzU †jvnvi fvmgvb †mZz
emv‡bv n‡e GLv‡b, †hwU‡K †U‡b Gcvi-Icvi Ki‡e Kv÷ Avqi‡bi PvKvq N~Y©gvb `ywU †Pb| b`xi `yB cv‡o euvav
†PbwU‡K Pvjv‡e 40 Ak¦kw³i GKwU BwÄb| 1100 hvÎx wb‡q †dwiwU mvZ wgwb‡U b`x cvivcvi Ki‡e| wcÖ‡Ýc
wnmve K‡ib, G cÖK‡í 1 jvL 77 nvRvi i“wc cÖviw¤¢K cyuwRi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e| †dwi cwiPvjbvq evwl©K e¨q n‡e
24 nvRvi i“wc, fvov wn‡m‡e Avq n‡e 60 nvRvi i“wc| A_©vr cÖwZeQi 36 nvRvi i“wc wbU gybvdv n‡e|
1842 mv‡ji RyjvB‡q c„_K Rvnv‡R K‡i `ywU †dwi weªR G‡m †cuŠQvq| `ywU weª‡Ri g~j¨ cwi‡kva K‡i Kvi
†UMi A¨vÛ †Kv¤úvwb †m¸‡jv wj‡q‡b †bq|
118
Zvi ciI KjKvZvi gvbyl‡K GB RvqMvq †mZzi Rb¨ 1874 mvj ch©š — A‡c¶v Ki‡Z nq| 17 A‡±vei
weªRwU hvbevnb PjvP‡ji Rb¨ Dš§y³ K‡i †Ìqv nq| bKkv, DcKiY Ges ev¯—evq‡bi AwfbeZ¡ I †gŠwjK‡Z¡i
Rb¨ †m mgq weªRwU we‡kl gh©v`v jvf K‡i| 1 nvRvi 528 dzU `xN© Ges 62 dzU cÖk¯— weªRwUi Dfq cv‡k 7
dzU cÖk¯— cv‡q Pjvi c_ wQj| Avi gvSLv‡b 48 dzU cÖk¯— c_ wQj Mvwo PjvP‡ji Rb¨| weªRwU ˆZwi Ki‡Z
e¨q n‡qwQj cÖvq 60 jvL i“wc|
1922 mv‡j evsjv miKvi bZzb nvIov weªR Kwgkb cÖwZôv K‡i| 1943 mv‡j bZzb nvIov weªR Rbmvavi‡Yi
Rb¨ Dš§y³ K‡i †Ìqv nq Ges cy‡iv‡bv fvmgvb c›Uzb weªRwU cÖ‡qvRbg‡Zv eënv‡ii Rb¨ mwi‡q ivLv nq| bZzb
weªRwU ˆZwii Rb¨ 26 nvRvi 500 Ub w÷j eënƒZ nq Ges GwU ˆZwi Ki‡Z AvbygvwbK 20 jvL i“wc e¨q Kiv
nq|
bZzb nvIov weªR GKwU Szjš— I fvimvg¨gq ewne©vû †mZz| weªRwU 705 wgUvi j¤^v Ges 30 wgUvi PIov|
Dfq cv‡k 15 dzU cÖk¯— cv‡q Pjvi c_| hvbevnb PjvP‡ji c_wU 71 dzU PIov| 1965 mv‡ji 14 Ryb
Kwe¸i“ iex›`Öbv_ VvKz‡ii bv‡g nvIov weª‡Ri bZzb bvgKiY nq Ôiex›`Ö †mZzÕ| cÖwZw`b GB weª‡Ri Ici w`‡q
cÖvq †ò jvL hvbevnb Ges 2 j¶vwaK †jvK cv‡q †nu‡U PjvPj K‡i| †mB nvIov weª‡Ri Ici Mvwo G‡m †_‡g
hvq| Avgv‡ì U¨vw· WªvBfvi-Kvg MvBW kvn Avjg e‡jb, ÔAvcwb †Kv‡bv ai‡bi `yjywb †Ui cv‡”Qb?Õ
ewj, Ôbv †Zv!Õ
Ôfv‡jv K‡i †`‡Lb, weªRUv wKš‘ `yj‡Q|Õ
†Ui †cjvg, ÔmwZ¨B weªRUv `yj‡Q|Õ
kvn Avjg e‡jb, ÔGB weª‡Ri B¯úvZ †Rvov w`‡Z GKUv ¯–Œ WªvBfviI wKš‘ eënvi Kiv nqwb|Õ e‡jb, Ô26
nvRvi 500 Ub B¯úv‡Zi GB wekvj †mZz‡K a‡i †i‡L‡Q 78wU ¯—¤¢|Õ
Avgiv weª‡Ri GK cv‡k LvwbK¶‡Yi Rb¨ Mvwo _vgvB| hÎZÎ gvby‡li PjvPj, Szwo gv_vq †nu‡U hvIqv
kÖgRxex gvbyl Ges ¶‡q hvIqv B¯úv‡Zi cvZ¸‡jvi duvK w`‡q Avgiv ûMjx b`x †`wL| wKš‘ †ewk¶Y Avgv‡ì
†`Lvi my‡hvM nq bv| nvIov weª‡R A‡bK Mvwoi PjvPj| Avgv‡ì Lye `ª“ZB †b‡g †h‡Z nq Zvi Ici †_‡K|
nvIovi cvi
nvIov weªR cvi n‡q evg w`‡K Pj‡Z _v‡K Avgv‡ì U¨vw·| LvwbK hvIqvi ci †b‡g hvb kvn Avjg| Avgvi
gv‡qi w`‡K ZvwK‡q e‡jb, ÔAvcbvi evev Ges k¦ïi GB †÷k‡b G‡m bvg‡Zb| Gi bvg nvIov †÷kb| Avmyb,
†b‡g fv‡jv K‡i †`Lyb|Õ
Av¤§v PgwKZ nb G Z_¨ †c‡q| Gevi wZwb †fZ‡i †h‡Z Pvb|
Avwg ewj, m¤¢e bv| GB nvIov †÷k‡bi †fZ‡i XzK‡j wZwb Avi †e‡iv‡Z cvi‡eb bv| Avwg Gi Av‡M `yevi
wM‡qwQ †fZ‡i| 1997 mv‡j w`wj hvIqvi Rb¨ ivRavbx G·‡cÖm ai‡Z Avi 2004 mv‡j wM‡qwQjvg kvwš—
wb‡KZ‡b hvIqvi Rb¨| †evjcyi G·‡cÖm Qv‡o GLvb †_‡K| 23Uv c¨vUdg© Av‡Q †fZ‡i| wekvj AvqZb|
1854 mv‡j GLvb †_‡K cÖ_g †ijMvwo P‡j| KjKvZvi †jvKRb AevK we¯§‡qi m‡½ †`Lj †h KZ¸‡jv †jvnvi
†Nvov Kv‡jv †auvqv Qvo‡Z Qvo‡Z †fuv †fuv K‡i P‡j †Mj 150 Rb hvÎx wb‡q| †mw`b wQj KjKvZvevmxi Rb¨ GK
¯§iYxq NUbvi w`b|
Av¤§v‡K ewj, ÔGUv n‡”Q cy‡iv BwÛqvi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q eo †ij‡÷kb| KjKvZvq AviI wZbUv †ij‡÷kb
Av‡QÑwkqvj`v, kvwjgvi Avi KjKvZv|
iex›`Öbv‡_i †jLvq GB †÷k‡bi bvg KZevi †h c‡owQ, Zvi wVK †bB| Zuvi Rxe‡bi †klw`‡K wZwb wegv‡b
Povi my‡hvM †c‡qwQ‡jb| Zvi Av‡M GB nvIov †÷kbB wQj KjKvZv †Q‡o `~‡i hvIqvi Rb¨ Zuvi fimvi eo
evnb| GUv Zuvi R‡š§i Av‡MB n‡q hvq| Dwbk kZ‡Ki cÖ_g w`‡K Bsj¨v‡Û †ijjvBb ewm‡q Mvwo PjvP‡ji
m~ÎcvZ n‡qwQj| wKš‘ cwic~Y© †Uªb-eë¯’v Pvjy n‡Z mgq †j‡MwQj A‡bK| 1848 mv‡ji w`‡K Bsj¨v‡Ûi
RbmvaviY †Uª‡b Povi my‡hvM cvq| Avi Zvi cuvP eQ‡ii gv_vq G my‡hvM cvq ZLbKvi ÔKwjKvZvÕ| ZLb
c„w_ex‡Z †hme †`k‡K ÔDbœZÕ †`k wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv n‡Zv, †mme †`‡ki †ewki fv‡MB †ijjvBb ms‡hvM wQj
KíbvgvÎ| wKš‘ Avgv‡ì GLv‡b weªwUkivB G eë¯’v K‡i w`‡qwQj g~jZ mviv †`k †_‡K gvjvgvj mn‡R Avbvi
Rb¨| gvjvgvj G‡m Rgv n‡Zv GB nvIov †÷k‡bi ¸`v‡g| Zvi m‡½B ûMjx b`x, wLwìcyi WK| myZivs, GLvb
†_‡K gvjvgvj Avbv-†bIqv Kivq A‡bK myweav| 1929 mv‡ji g‡a¨ cy‡iv fvi‡Zi 41 nvRvi gvBj RvqMvRy‡o
119
†ijc‡_i †h we¯—vi, Zv IB mg‡qi g‡a¨B nq| Gici m¤¢eZ Avgiv Avi †ijc_ evov‡Z cvwiwb| Avgv‡ì
hvZvqv‡Zi weKí eë¯’v ˆZwi n‡q hvq|
Avgiv †÷k‡bi evB‡i wKQy¶‡Yi Rb¨ U¨vw· _vgvB| Ges mevB wg‡j `~‡i †_‡K †÷kbUv †`wL|
nvIov †÷k‡bi †Pnviv e`jvqwb| wewìs‡qi wWRvBb †mB ga¨-Dwbk kZ‡Ki ÷vB‡j Bsj¨v‡Û †hgb n‡Zv,
wKsev KjKvZvq nvB‡KvU© wewìs ev nM gv‡K©U (wbD gv‡K©U) †hgb n‡qwQj, G-I Zv-B| cy‡iv‡bv w`‡bi Qwe‡Z
†`‡LwQjvg, †ij‡÷k‡bi evB‡i †Nvovi Mvwo wb‡q Mv‡ovqvbiv A‡c¶v KiZ bZzb hvÎxi Rb¨, GLb G‡m‡Q njy`
U¨vw·| Av‡M Kzwj wQj, GL‡bv Av‡Q| GLb nq‡Zv G‡m‡Q Uªwj, wKsev Avm‡e|
nvIov †÷kb †cwi‡q `w¶‡Yi w`‡K ûMjx b`xi Zxi-eivei Avgv‡ì Mvwo Qy‡U P‡j| G cvowU KjKvZvi bq,
nvIov †Rjvi| Avgv‡ì mìNvU †_‡K eywoM½vi Icv‡ii †KivbxMÄ †hgb, wVK †Zgwb| Z‡e e›ìbMixi mg¯—
êwkó¨B Gcv‡i Av‡Q, bvivqYM‡Äi b`xcv‡o †hgb Avgv‡ì, Zvi †P‡q †ek eo AvqZ‡bi †mB me IqvMb,
¸`vgNi, †Kvì †÷v‡iR| Z‡e 2015 mv‡j G‡m G AÂjUv‡K A‡bK cwi”Qbœ g‡b n‡jv Avgvi| Icv‡ii M½vi
Zxi †hgb K‡i cwicvwU K‡i mvwR‡q-¸wQ‡q ivLv, Zvi A‡bKUv Gcv‡iI †`Lv †Mj| gvm K‡qK Av‡M gvmyg Acy,
†WBwRmn GB kvn AvjgB Avgv‡ì GLv‡b wb‡q G‡mwQ‡jb| b`xZx‡ii Kswµ‡Ui †e‡Â e‡mwQjvg Avgiv| Avi
Gcvi †_‡K Icv‡ii KjKvZv‡K †`‡LwQjvg `y‡PvL f‡i| 1990 mv‡jI Avwg M½vi Ici †_‡K nvIovi cvo †Nu‡l
†bŠKv wb‡q Qwe Zz‡jwQjvg KjKvZvi| Zvi m‡½ †gjvjvg eZ©gv‡bi iƒcwU‡K| †`wL, eo `vjvb¸‡jvi meB Zvi
g‡Zv i‡q †M‡Q, wKš‘ `yB `vjv‡bi gvSLv‡bi duvKv RvqMv¸‡jv f‡i †M‡Q weMZ 25 eQ‡ii eëav‡b| me‡P‡q eo
cwieZ©bUzKz G‡m‡Q M½vi Zxi eivei|
wLwìcy‡ii W‡K
nvIov †_‡K LvwbK Ny‡i Avgv‡ì b`xi cv‡oi GK Nv‡U wb‡q Av‡mb WªvBfvi-Kvg MvBW kvn Avjg| Avgvi gv‡K
D‡Ïk K‡i e‡jb, ÔLvjv¤§v, GKUz bv‡gb GLv‡b| gRvi GKUv wRwbm †`LvB|Õ
gRvi wRwbm †`Lvi Rb¨ †b‡g †`wL, b`xi gvSLv‡b j¤^vjw¤^ GKUv B¯úv‡Zi c›Uzzb emv‡bv| Zvi Ici fuvR
K‡i ivLv B¯úv‡Zi †iwjs †Ìqv GKUv wKQy| eyS‡Z evwK _v‡K bv, GUvB †mB HwZnvwmK wLwìcyi myBs weªR|
1886 mv‡j GUv evbv‡bv nq| cy‡iv fviZe‡l©i me‡P‡q cy‡iv‡bv GB myBs weªR| fvi‡Z GiKg Av‡iKwU
Av‡QÑ†Mvqv‡Z|
GiKg myBs weªR Bsj¨v‡Û †`‡LwQjvg `yB RvqMvq| †Ugm w`‡q hLb RvnvR hvq, ZLb Ly‡j hvq weª‡Ri KcvU|
RvnvR hvIqv †kl n‡j Avevi G‡m †Rvov jv‡M| hZ¶Y bv †Rvov jv‡M, ZZ¶Y ch©š — UªvwdK R¨v‡g e‡m
_vK‡Z nq Mvwo‡Z| wKš‘ wLwìcy‡iiUv †miKg wKQy bq| GLv‡b myBs K‡i weª‡Ri `y‡Uv Ask KuvwPi AvsUvi g‡Zv
†j‡M Av‡Q|
Avgiv Mvwo †_‡K †b‡g b`xi cv‡o e‡m cwo| Av‡¯— Av‡¯— AviI GKUv-`y‡Uv Mvwo G‡m _v‡g GLv‡b Ges
mvg‡b weª‡Ri cvUvZb bv †`‡L Zviv †diZ P‡j hvq| hv‡e cv‡ki we`¨vmvMi ev iex›`Ö †mZz w`‡q cvi n‡q
KjKvZvi w`‡K| Avgv‡ì Zvov †bB| Avgv‡ì Gme wKQy †`Lv‡ZB myL|
G‡K G‡K `y‡Uv †QvU RvnvR cvi n‡jv| Av‡iKUv bvwK Avm‡e| Gici Avi e‡m _vKv hvq bv| Avav NÈv e‡m
myBs weª‡Ri KvÊKviLvbv †`‡L Avgiv Av‡iKUz `~‡ii we`¨vmvMi †mZz w`‡q cvi n‡q P‡j Avwm wLwìcy‡ii
Icv‡i|
wLwìcyi KjKvZvi GKUv LyeB ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Rbc`| Gi DËi cv‡k Iqv‡ib †nw÷s‡mi GjvKv| `w¶Y cv‡k
gwgbcyi| cy‡e Avwjcyi Avi cwð‡g b`xi Icv‡i †gwUqv eyi“R| GLb G GjvKvwU KjKvZvi B‡jKUªwbKm
miÄvgvwì Rb¨ †ewk weL¨vZ| we‡kl K‡i B‡jKUªwbK †M‡RU mviv‡bvi Rb¨ G RvqMvwUi Kì Av‡Q| Av‡Q
GL‡bv wKQy gvRvi, gmwR`| GKmgq KjKvZvi GK cx‡ii Kvwnwb ï‡bwQjvg Avgvi wcZvg‡ni gy‡L| wZwb
m¤¢eZ GLvbKviB †Kv‡bv cx‡ii Kvwnwb ïwb‡qwQ‡jb|
wLwìcy‡i GKUv Lvj Av‡Q| Lv‡ji Ici GKUv Kv‡Vi †mZz Av‡Q| GUv cv_i I †jvnvi Ici evbv‡bv fvi‡Zi
me‡P‡q cy‡iv‡bv weªR| evbv‡bv nq 1826 mv‡j|
wLwìcy‡ii GB Aeqe Ges Zvi Avkcv‡ki wk¶v-¯^v¯’¨welqK †h cÖwZôvb¸‡jv †`wL, Zv‡Z eyS‡Z evwK _v‡K
bv †h B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi cÖwZfv we¯—v‡ii mgq DËi KjKvZvi †Rvovmuv‡Kv ev †kvfvevRvi †hgb †e‡o
D‡VwQj; wLwìcy‡ii G AÂjwUI mgvš—ivjfv‡e †e‡o I‡V| 1756 mv‡j Avwjew`© Luvi bvwZ wmivR‡ÏŠjv
KjKvZv `Lj K‡i †h AÂ‡ji †MvovcËb NwU‡qwQ‡jb, Zuvi bv‡gB AvwjcyiÑwLwìcy‡ii msjMœ GjvKv| Avevi
120
Gi GK k eQi ci 1856 mv‡j j‡¶èŠ †_‡K fvi‡Zi †kl gymwjg beve Iqv‡R` Avjx Lvb‡K hLb KjKvZvq
G‡b ivLv nq, ZLb Zuvi emwZI wQj GB GjvKvq| c‡i b`xi Icv‡i †gwUqv eyi“‡R Zuvi ¯’vqx emwZ n‡q hvq|
wKš‘ Zuvi m‡½ Avmv A‡bK AevOvwj gymjgvbI GB wLwìcy‡i emwZ †M‡o emevm Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| g~jZ †m mgq
†_‡KB GLv‡b gymjgvb‡ì msL¨v †ewk| Avi G Kvi‡YB nq‡Zv Avgv‡ì c~e©cyi“‡liv KjKvZvi G AÂjwU‡Z
_vK‡Z cQ›` Ki‡Zb|
Avgiv GK duv‡K †gwUqv eyi“R †`‡L Avwm| bv, ILv‡b beve Iqv‡R` Avjx Luvi GK mgvwa‡mŠa Qvov Avi
wKQyB †bB| ï‡bwQjvg, hZ w`b wZwb †eu‡P wQ‡jb, Zuvi GLvbKvi Avevm¯’j‡K j‡¶èŠi evMvbevwoi GKUv ¶z`ª
ms¯‹iY evwb‡q Zv‡Z bvP-Mv‡bi Avm‡ii KgwZ wQj bv| Avi Zuvi Kve¨PP©viI NvUwZ wQj bv| g„Zzï ci Zuvi
Iqvwikvbiv fvMvfvwMi ci †h hv †c‡qwQj, R‡ji `v‡g wewµ K‡i Qwo‡q-wQwU‡q P‡j †M‡Q| †KD Zv‡ì †LuvR
ivLviI ìKvi g‡b K‡iwb| †gwUqv eyi“R GLb wkqv m¤úÖ`v‡qi Zx_©¯’vb wn‡m‡eB eënƒZ nq| Z‡e GjvKvwU
GL‡bv gymjgvb-Aay¨wlZ| Gi m‡½ †hvM i‡q‡Q b`xi Gcv‡ii wLwìcy‡ii|
cÖ_g wek¦hy‡×i ci †_‡KB g~jZ Rvnv‡R mIqvi n‡q wKQy †jvK jÛ‡b hvb, huv‡ì kZKiv 80 fvMB wQ‡jb
evsjv‡`‡ki wm‡jU AÂ‡ji| Zuviv KjKvZvq _vK‡Zb wmg¨vÝ †nv‡÷‡j (†evwW©s)| GLv‡b _vKvKv‡j wm‡jwU
RvnvwRiv †gm K‡i LvIqv`vIqv Ki‡Zb| †gm cwiPvjK‡ì ejv n‡Zv weï| A‡bK RvnvwR Avevi GKUz fv‡jv
LvIqv`vIqvi Avkvq wb‡RivB K‡qKRb wg‡j ivbœvevbœvi eë¯’v K‡i wb‡Zb| d‡j, wbR evwo‡Z huviv †Kv‡bv w`b
imyB N‡ii ìRv gvovbwb, Zuv‡ì A‡b‡KB n‡q I‡Vb cvKv cvPK| cvkvcvwk, Rvnv‡R Ae¯’vbKv‡j †`kxq
Lvev‡ii ¯^v` Av¯^v`‡b RvnvwRiv wb‡RivB nv‡Z Zz‡j †bb ivbœvevbœvi `vwqZ¡| Gfv‡e w`‡b w`‡b fviZxq Lvevi
ivbœvq nvZ gK‡kv K‡i †bb `yiš— mvnmx RvnvwRiv| Gi ciB Gi weKvk NUvb Zuviv Bsj¨v‡Û| Bsj¨v‡Ûi GLb
cÖavb Lv`¨ wdk A¨vÛ wPcm bq, GLb wP‡Kb wU°v gvmvjv| Gi †iwmwc GB NvU w`‡q hvIqv fviZxq‡ìB
†kLv‡bv, huv‡ì 80 kZvskB wm‡j‡Ui| †m Av‡iK BwZnvm|
wLwìcy‡i GKUv eo mo‡Ki bvg ÔKweZx_© miwYÕ| i½jvj e‡›`¨vcva¨vq, †ngP›`Ö e‡›`¨vcva¨vq Ges gvB‡Kj
gaym~`b `ËÑGB wZb Kwei evm wQj G AÂ‡j| Zuv‡ì ¯§iY Kivi Rb¨B G bvgKiY|
Avgiv wLwìcyi W‡Ki Kv‡Q G‡m bvwg| GKmgq GLvb †_‡KB RvnvR †hZ| hvÎxevnx I gvjevnxÑ`yiK‡giB|
GLb †Kej GLvb †_‡K Av›`vgv‡b hvq hvÎxevnx RvnvR| gvjevnx RvnvR hvq mviv fvi‡Z| gvq evsjv‡`k I
mviv `ywbqvq| kvn Avjg e‡jb, Ôgvjevnx Rvnv‡R K‡i 19 NÈvq evsjv‡`‡ki PÆMÖvg †cuŠQv‡bv hv‡e| Av›`vgv‡b
†h‡Z Pvi w`b jv‡M|Õ
Avwg Avgvi gv‡qi w`‡K ZvKvB| †`wL Zš§q n‡q wZwb Kx me †`‡Lb! `~‡i wKQy RvnvR †bvOi Kiv| Zuvi †PvL
†mw`‡KB|
GKcv‡k W‡Ki eo cvUvZb| GLvb w`‡qB hvÎxiv IVvbvgv KiZ| gv e‡jb, Ô†Zvi evev e‡j‡Qb, †h mgq
RvnvR †Q‡o †hZ, †m mgq A‡bK †jvK AvmZ GLv‡b Zv‡ì we`vq w`‡Z|Õ
Avwg ewj, ÔAv¤§v, IB Rvnv‡Ri †fZi hvev? †h‡Z PvB‡j e‡jv, Avwg eë¯’v Kwi|Õ
Av¤§v e‡jb, ÔìKvi bvB| GLb †nv‡U‡j P‡jv|Õ
Avwg ewj, ÔZzwg †Zvgvi evev I k¦ï‡ii _vKvi RvqMv Ges iex›`Öbv‡_i evwo †`L‡Z G‡mwQ‡j| †Zvgv‡K
†`wL‡q w`‡qwQ| iex›`Öbv‡_i Av‡iKUv evwo Av‡Q Avgv‡ì †nv‡U‡ji cv‡k| GLb GUvI GKUv †nv‡Uj Avgv‡ì
ÒbxjgÓ †nv‡U‡ji g‡ZvB| GLvb †_‡K wZb wgwb‡Ui nuvUvc_| K‡qK w`b Av‡M Avwg GB †nv‡U‡j wZb ivZ †_‡K
†MwQ| Kvj †Zvgv‡K †mUv †`Lve|Õ
121
10 mì w÷ªU: Pvi“jZvi bóbxo
†Rvovmuv‡Kvi VvKzievwo QvovI KjKvZvq iex›`Öbv‡_i ¯§„wZevnx A‡bK¸‡jv evwo Av‡Q| cvK© w÷ª‡UB
iex›`Ö¯§„wZweRwoZ wZbwU evwo wQj| G¸‡jv n‡”QÑ49 cvK© w÷ªU, 50 cvK© w÷ªU Ges 52/2 cvK© w÷ªU| wKš‘
A‡bK Luy‡RI G b¤^‡ii †Kv‡bv evwoi mÜvb †ei Ki‡Z cvwiwb| G¸‡jv‡Z GLb Kx Av‡Q, Rvwb bv| evwo †h †bB,
Avwg wbwðZ|
49 cvK© w÷ª‡Ui evwo‡Z e‡m †ewki fvM msMx‡Zi myi w`‡qwQ‡jb Kwe¸i“| Z‡e wK Av‡Mi evwowUi g‡ZvB
wZ‡jvËgv KjKvZvi eyK †_‡K wgwj‡q †Mj 49 cvK© w÷ªU, 50 cvK© w÷ªU Ges 52/2 cvK© w÷ªU?
AvU© K‡j‡Ri evwowUi Aa¨‡¶i †KvqvU©v‡i †ek wKQyw`b wQ‡jb iex›`Öbv_ VvKzi| †mB febwU‡K Aek¨ †ek
h‡Zœ msi¶Y Kiv n‡”Q| 14 †jvqvi mvK©zjvi †ivo Ges 237 †jvqvi mvK©zjvi †iv‡Wi `ywU‡Z we‡qi ciB g„Yvwjbx
†èx‡K wb‡q emevm K‡ib iex›`Öbv_| GB evwo `ywU †_‡KB Kv‡Qi j‡i‡Uv nvDm we`¨vj‡q co‡Z †h‡Zb g„Yvwjbx
†èx| G evwo‡Z e‡mB wZwb †j‡Lb Qwe I Mvb|
GLb GB †iv‡Wi bvg e`j n‡q n‡q‡Q AvPvh© RM`xkP›`Ö †evm †ivW| GLvbKvi evwowU GLb ¯’vbxq cywj‡ki
`ßi wn‡m‡e eënƒZ n‡”Q|
GKmgq KjKvZvi XvKvB cvov wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ mì w÷ª‡U iex›`Öbv‡_i GKUv Ave¶g~wZ© †`‡L GKUv evwoi
mÜvb cvB| GB g~wZ©wUi wecixZ cv‡ki ÔcvRvÕ †nv‡UjwUB wQj iex›`Öbv‡_i wbS©‡ii ¯^cœ fvOv‡bv evwo| Avwg
10 b¤î mì w÷ª‡Ui evwowUi inm¨ D`&NvUb Ki‡Z e¨¯— n‡q cwo|
GB mì w÷ªU GKUv moK gvÎ| GK cv‡k dvqvi weª‡M‡Wi Awd‡mi D‡ëv w`K †_‡K ïi“ n‡q †PŠi½xi
†gvo Avi Rv`yN‡ii cvk w`‡q Ab¨ eo mo‡Ki m‡½ wM‡q wg‡k‡Q| GB mo‡KB bvbv iKg †nv‡Uj, †i÷z‡i›U,
Uª¨v‡fj G‡RwÝi †`vKvb| mì w÷ªU †_‡K `y-wZbwU Mwj Wv‡b-ev‡g †ewi‡q †M‡Q| ILv‡b A‡bK¸‡jv BZvwjqvb
†nv‡Uj| dzUcv‡Z mvwi mvwi BU wewQ‡q Zvi Ici Z³v †d‡j †ewÂ evbv‡bv nq| ivbœvNiUv Gi m‡½B| whwbB
iuvaywb, wZwbB mieivnKvix| †kd Kvg-I‡qUvi Kvg-K¨vwkqvi| GB ai‡bi †nv‡U‡j `ycy‡ii Lvevi Lvq XvKvi
wiKkvIqvjv w`bgRy‡iiv| mviv w`b Pv-we¯‹zU-ebi“wU-Kjv-wmMv‡iUI †ePvwewµ nq GLv‡b|
wZb-PviUv B‡Ui Ici Z³v †d‡j †ewÂ evbv‡bv nq e‡j Gme †nv‡U‡ji bvg BZvwjqvb|
KjKvZvi GB †`vKvb¸‡jvq Lvev‡ii êwPÎ¨ A‡bK †ewk| gvwUi Kv‡c Pv| GKevi †L‡q †d‡j w`‡Z nq
gvwUi Kvc| †``vi wewµ n‡”Q wWg ev gvsm gvLv‡bv byWj&m, ¯ú¨v‡MwW| wfoevÆvi KgwZ †bB| L‡Ïi n‡q hviv
GB BZvwjqvb †i÷z‡i›U¸‡jv‡Z e‡m Av‡Qb, Zv‡ì †ekf‚lv I †PnvivmyiZ Ab¨ iKg| †XvjvXvjv UªvDRvi ev
kU©m, KL‡bv Mv †_‡K A‡bK A‡bK w`b bv-†Lvjv wU-kvU©| `vwo-†Muvd Kv‡iviB Kvgv‡bv bq| G‡ì Pvgov mv`v
Ges eqm 25 †_‡K 35-Gi g‡a¨| G‡ì `‡j †Q‡j‡g‡qi AbycvZ cÖvq mgvb mgvbB| G‡ì †K †h Kvi eÜz, Lye
mn‡R †evSvi Dcvq †bB| G‡ì †`wL `j †eu‡a NÈvi ci NÈv a‡i GLv‡b e‡m _v‡K Ges GB mì w÷ª‡Ui
me‡P‡q m¯—vi †h †nv‡Uj, †hUv‡Z mvZ eQi Av‡M G‡m D‡VwQjvg, †mB †nv‡U‡jB G‡ì Avbv‡Mvbv †ewk|
BD‡iv‡ci †Kv‡bv evwm›`vi Rb¨ me‡P‡q Kg Li‡P AeKvk hvc‡bi GB mì w÷ª‡Ui weKí †Kv‡bv RvqMv
c„w_ex‡Z g‡b nq †bB| †m Kvi‡YB wK G‡ì Kv‡Q KjKvZvi GB mì w÷ªUUv GZ wcÖq?
2012 mv‡ji wW‡m¤î gv‡m Avgvi †jLv gÂbvUK gnvR‡bi bvI KjKvZvq hvq| Avgiv _vwK ga¨gMÖv‡gi
GKUv miKvwi RvqMvq| ga¨gMÖv‡gi ci KjKvZvi GKv‡Wwg g‡Â ciw`b †kv n‡e| bvU‡Ki `‡ji †Q‡jiv
KjKvZv Nyi‡Z Av‡m| Avwg eq‡m I‡ì mevi †P‡q eo| Zviv Avgv‡K wb‡q Nyi‡Z Pvq| Avwg wbD gv‡K©U
†`Lv‡bvi ci Zv‡ì wb‡q mì w÷ª‡U †eov‡Z Avwm| mvsevw`K gvmyg Acy Avi Zvi ¯¿x †WBRx Avgv‡ì m‡½ †hvM
†`q| Avgiv mì w÷ª‡Ui cv‡ki GKUv BZvwjqvb †i÷z‡i‡›U Z³vi Ici e‡m gvwUi fuv‡o Pv LvB| GKmgq Acy
Avgv‡K e‡j, Ô†`‡Lb, GLv‡bI VvKzi Av‡Qb|Õ dzUcv‡Zi Ici †P‡q †`wL cÖvq wZb-Pvi dzU DuPz GKUv †ewì
Ici iex›`Öbv‡_i Ave¶g~wZ©|
KjKvZvi Awj‡Z-Mwj‡Z A‡bK iK‡gi Ave¶g~wZ© †`‡L AvmwQ †mB 1990 mvj †_‡K| GB mì w÷ª‡Ui
Mwji †gv‡o Bw›ìv MvÜx, gnvÍv MvÜxi Ave¶g~wZ© †`‡LwQ| †mme g~wZ©i Mjvq ZvRv Muv`v dz‡ji gvjv| wKš‘ iwe
VvKz‡ii †h g~wZ©wU evbv‡bv n‡q‡Q, Zv Lye wbLuyZ bq| Gi wb‡P mv`v gv‡e©jcv_‡ii Ici †h K_v¸‡jv wj‡L ivLv
n‡q‡Q, Zvi Mv †_‡K L‡m c‡o‡Q A‡bK A¶i| Zvi ciI Avwg GB g~wZ©Uvi Kv‡Q hvB Ges Gi †jLv¸‡jv c‡o
PgwKZ nB| Zvi †ew`‡Z †jLvÑ
122
10 mì w÷ª‡Ui evwo‡Z emevmKv‡j iex›`Öbv_ VvKzi Zuvi ÔwbS©‡ii ¯^cœf½Õ KweZvwU
wj‡LwQ‡jb| NUbvi ¯§i‡Y Zuvi GB Ave¶g~wZ© cÖwZwôZ nj| 25 êkvL 1407| iex›`Ö
¯§„wZi¶v D`&hvcb mwgwZ|
†h evwowUi mvg‡bi dzUcv‡Z GwU ivLv, †m evwowU GKwU AvevwmK †nv‡Uj| 1997 mv‡j G †nv‡U‡j Avwg
†_‡KwQ m¯¿xK| Avgvi cÖ_g aviYv n‡qwQj, †h †nv‡UjwU‡Z GKmgq Pvi ivZ †_‡KwQjvg, †m evwo‡ZB m¤¢eZ
iex›`Öbv_I wQ‡jb| wKš‘ GB evwoUvi b¤î 10 bq| †LuvR wb‡q †`wL, iv¯—vi D‡ëv cv‡ki PviZjv evwoUvB
Avm‡j 10 b¤î mì w÷ªU| wbPZjvq KZ¸‡jv Uª¨v‡fj G‡R›U I gvwb‡PÄviÑG‡ì Awdm| Ic‡i GKUv †W›Uvj
wK¬wbK| `vjv‡bi m‡½ `vjvb jvMv‡bv| G evwo‡ZB wK iwe VvKz‡ii 12 eQ‡ii eo fvB †R¨vwZwi›`Öbv_ _vK‡Zb
Kv`¤îx‡K wb‡q?
Dwbk kZ‡Ki †kl w`‡K KjKvZvi GB mì w÷ª‡Ui GKUv Av‡jvKwPÎ †`‡LwQjvg| mvg‡b PIov moK,
`ycv‡k K‡qKwU wZb-PviZjv `vjvb| Gme `vjv‡bi g‡ZvB GKwU wQj GwU| †Rvovmuv‡Kv wQj DËi KjKvZvi
MÖvgvÂj| mì w÷ª‡Ui G AÂjwU ga¨-KjKvZvi Lvb`vwb GjvKv| GB AÂj‡K wN‡iB ZLb ˆZwi n‡”Q Avwjkvb
me `vjvbevwo| Zvi wKQy cZz©wMR, weªwUk Kvq`vi; †Kv‡bvwU‡Z †gvMj Nivbvi wgkÖY| mì w÷ª‡Ui GB cvovq †m
mgq Gme myig¨ AÆvwjKvB D‡VwQj| hwÌ KjKvZvi K¬¨vwmK¨vj †h `vjvb¸‡jv ˆZwi n‡qwQj, Zv evbv‡bv n‡q
wM‡qwQj †R¨vwZwi›`Öbv_ G cvovq Avmvi cÖvq Aa©kZvãx Av‡MB|
Avgv‡ì mvg‡b mì w÷ª‡Ui †h evwo¸‡jv †`LwQ, Zvi cÖvq meB GLb AvevwmK †nv‡Uj n‡q †M‡Q| GKmgq
GB evwo¸‡jv‡Z evm Ki‡Zb KjKvZvi be¨ eo‡jvK evOvwjiv| GLb G¸‡jvi gvwjK Kviv?
Lye fv‡jv Z_¨MZ Rwic Avgvi Kv‡Q †bB| Z‡e Avgvi Abygvb, Gme `vjvb P‡j †M‡Q AevOvwj‡ì `L‡j|
KviY, K‡qKUv †nv‡U‡ji wiwmck‡b K_v e‡j †`‡LwQ, Zv‡ì †KD †KD †h evsjvq K_v e‡jb, †mUv evOvwj‡ì
evsjv bq|
DËi KjKvZvi †Rvovmuv‡Kv MÖv‡g ZLb gnwl© †`‡e›`Öbv‡_i Rwg`vwi †`L‡Qb Zuv‡ì me‡P‡q eo fvB
wØ‡R›`Öbv_ VvKzi| †g‡Rv fvB m‡Z¨›`Öbv_ fvi‡Zi cÖ_g evOvwj wmGmwc wn‡m‡e wePvi‡Ki `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Qb
Avn‡g`vev‡`| KjKvZvq G‡j _v‡Kb cvK© w÷ª‡Ui GKUv fvov evwo‡Z| †Rvovmuv‡Kvi evwowU †bnvZ MÖvgvÂj
e‡jB nq‡Zv ZLb bZzb †R‡M IVv AwfRvZ AvevwmK GjvKvq emevm ïi“ nq VvKzievwoi †jvKR‡bi|
KjKvZvq ZLb evey m¤úÖ`vq weKwkZ| weªwUk‡ì KvQ †_‡K Rwg`vwi bv †c‡qI bvbv iKg eëmv-evwYR¨-
wVKv`vwi †c‡q A‡b‡KB dz‡j‡du‡c DV‡Qb| Zuv‡ìB K‡qKRb ga¨-KjKvZvi GB †PŠi½xi Avkcv‡k wKQy
cÖvmv‡`vcg evMvbevwo evwb‡q †d‡jb| G¸‡jv‡Z fvov _vKvi g‡Zv AZ mvaviY evOvwj †m mgq wQj bv| †m
Kvi‡Y Av‡iK Rwg`vi-cyÎ wØ‡R›`Öbv_ VvKzi 10 b¤î mì w÷ª‡Ui G evwowU fvov †bb|
GLv‡b Avmvi Av‡M Aek¨ AviI `yLvbv evwo e`j K‡iwQ‡jb iex›`Öbv‡_i bZzb`v| g~jZ ÔevRvi miKviÕ-Gi
Kv‡jv †g‡q Kv`w¤^bx Ii‡d Kv`¤îx‡K †Rvovmuv‡Kvi VvKzievwo‡Z A‡bKUv GKN‡i K‡i ivL‡Zb VvKzievwoi
ÔAvaywbKvÕ †g‡Rv †eŠVvbÑÁvb`vbw›`bx| Gme Ô†QvU‡jvKÕ-Gi m‡½ bv _vKvi B”Qvq Zuvi Avgjv ¯^vgx Gm. Gb.
VvKzi‡K wb‡q wewR©Zjvi DW w÷ª‡Ui evmvq fvov _vK‡Zb| †Rvovmuv‡Kvi GB evwo‡Z Kv`¤îxi Rb¨ Amnbxq g‡b
nIqvi Kvi‡YB nq‡Zv †R¨vwZwi›`Öbv_ eD‡K wb‡q cÖ_‡g †Z‡jwbcvovi euvo–‡R¨‡ì, c‡i †gvivb mv‡n‡ei
evMvbevwo‡Z wM‡q I‡Vb| wZwb †hLv‡bB †h‡Zb| m‡½ †QvU fvB iex›`Öbv_I wM‡q DVZ †m evwo‡Z| iex›`Öbv‡_i
eqm ZLb 16-17, Kv`¤îxi 18-19| M½vZx‡ii GB evMvbevwo‡Z †ewkw`b _vKv nqwb| GKmgq GB ÎqxhyMj
cv_ywiqvNvUvi VvKzi‡ìB evbv‡bv 10 b¤î mì w÷ª‡Ui G evwo‡Z wM‡q I‡Vb| †mLvb †_‡KB ÔwbS©‡ii ¯^cœf½Õ,
†mLvb †_‡KB ÔmÜ¨vmsMxZÕ Avi ÔbóbxoÕ-Gi Kvwnwb|
iex›`Öbv‡_i 12 eQ‡ii eo †R¨vwZwi›`Öbv_| wZwb ZLb e¨¯— fviZx cwÎKv cÖKvkbvi Kv‡R| gÂ wb‡qI Zuvi
e¨¯—Zvi †kl †bB| Mvb I bvU‡Ki AvÇvi Rb¨ wZwb cQ›` Ki‡Zb †g‡Rv eDVvb Ávb`vbw›`bxi evwo‡K|
†mLv‡bB mÜ¨v †_‡K ivZ Aewa KvwU‡q w`‡Zb mgq| wb‡R Awfbq K‡ib, bvUK †j‡Lb, Avevi we‡bvw`bx bv‡gi
†mB weL¨vZ bvwqKvi m‡½ m™¢ve eRvq †i‡L P‡jb| Kv`¤îx †èxi eqm ZLb 20, iex›`Öbv‡_i 18ÑGiKg eq‡m
GB †èi-fvwe GB mì w÷ª‡Ui evwo‡ZB mgq KvUv‡Zb|
†Rvovmuv‡Kvi evwo †_‡K GLv‡b ¯^vaxbZv A‡bK †ewk e‡j Kv`¤îx †èx GLvb †_‡K mvgvb¨ `~‡ii gq`vb
M‡oi gv‡V †h‡Zb †Nvovi wc‡V mIqvi n‡q| iex›`Öbv_ Gi g‡a¨ K‡qK gv‡mi Rb¨ we‡jZI hvb e¨vwi÷vwi
covi Rb¨; wKš‘ Zuvi e¨vwi÷vi nIqv n‡q I‡V bv| Aek¨ Gi Av‡M VvKzi cwiev‡ii †KD e¨vwi÷vwi c‡obwb|
123
cv_ywiqvNvUvq †e‡o IVv VvKzi cwiev‡ii Av‡iK kvLv †_‡K ZLb GKRb e¨vwi÷vi n‡q G‡m‡Qb| †`‡eb VvKzi
nq‡Zv †mB wPš—v †_‡K Zuvi me‡P‡q †QvU †Q‡j‡K we‡jZ cvwV‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘ n‡jv bv| †diZ G‡jb wZwb|
1883 mv‡j we‡q Ki‡jb| Ges Zvi Pvi gvm ci Zuvi wcÖq †Ljvi mvw_ Ges †cÖg -†øn I fv‡jvevmvi cvÎx Kv`¤îx
†èx AvÍnZ¨v K‡ib|
Zvn‡j mì w÷ª‡Ui GB evwowU †Kb Z‡e bóbx‡oi †nvZv? GUv Avgvi g‡b n‡q‡Q mZ¨wR‡Zi Pvi“jZv QwewU
†`‡L| ÔbóbxoÕ bv‡gi GB eo MíwU iex›`Öbv_ †j‡Lb 1901 mv‡j| †m eQiB wZwb wkjvB`n †_‡K kvwš—
wb‡KZ‡b AwfevwmZ nb| mZ¨wRr G wb‡q Qwe evwb‡q‡Qb AviI 63 eQi ci| wZwb M‡íi cUf‚wg wn‡m‡e 1901
mv‡ji KjKvZv‡K AeÁv K‡i 1879 mv‡ji KjKvZvq †diZ †M‡Qb| †diZ †M‡Qb wVK †mB mgqwU‡Z A_ev
Zvi wKQyw`b ci, hLb †R¨vwZwi›`Ö, Kv`¤îx Avi iex›`Öbv_ mì w÷ª‡Ui GB evwowU‡Z _vK‡Zb| M‡í Pwi‡Îi †h
Ae¯’v, mZ¨wRr †mLvb †_‡K wKwÂr m‡i‡Qb Ges G wZb e¨w³Pwi‡Îi A‡bK KvQvKvwQ P‡j †M‡Qb| QwewUi
ïi“‡Z evB‡bvKzjvi nv‡Z Pvi“jZv (gvaex gy‡Lvcva¨vq) †ZZjvi Qv` †_‡K KjKvZvi RxebhvÎvi †h wPÎ
†`‡L‡Qb, Zv †Rvovmuv‡Kvi bq, A‡bKUv mì w÷ª‡UiB| Avi A‡bK †ewk wgj †`wL‡q †d‡j‡Qb `yB fvB‡qi
eq‡m| iex›`Öbv_ †R¨vwZwi›`Öbv‡_i †P‡q 12 eQ‡ii †QvU| mZ¨wR‡Zi Ag‡ji ZLb 23, f‚cwZi 35 eQi eqm|
M‡íi †Kv_vI GUzKz wQj bv| GUv mZ¨wR‡Zi iex›`ÖvqY|
iex›`Öbv_ Zuvi Rxeb¯§„wZ‡Z mì w÷ªUKvjxb Rxe‡bi †h eY©bv w`‡qwQ‡jb wKsev †m mgq ew¼g, ivg‡gvnb ivq
Zuvi ¯§„wZK_vq †hfv‡eB G‡mwQ‡jb, ÔbóbxoÕ-G Zvi Bw½Z bv _vK‡jI Pvi“jZvq mZ¨wRr ZvB K‡i‡Qb|
mZ¨wRr A‡bKUv wbwðZB n‡qwQ‡jb †h, f‚cwZ Avi Ag‡ji PwiÎ iex›`Öbv_ Avi Zuvi bZzb`v †R¨vwZwi›`Öbv_ Qvov
Ab¨ †KD bq| Pvi“jZvi †¶‡Î wZwb cÖvq kZfvMB wbwðZ wQ‡jb| bv n‡j, mZ¨wRr Zuvi wPÎbv‡Uï
†÷vwi‡ev‡W© Kv`¤îxi QweB-ev AuvK‡eb †Kb? KviY, wZwb Avwe®‹vi K‡iwQ‡jb †h, 1901 mv‡j iex›`Öbv_ hLb
ÔbóbxoÕ †j‡Lb, ZLb LvZvi gvwR©‡b †ek K‡qKevi Kv`¤îxi GKUv we‡kl bvg (†n‡KwU) wZwb wj‡LwQ‡jb|
1879 mv‡j †R¨vwZwi›`Öbv_ fviZ †_‡K cÖKvwkZ msMxZwelqK cÖ_g cwÎKv exYvevw`bx cÖKvk K‡ib| Avi
mZ¨wR‡Zi Pvi“jZvq Avgiv †`wL, f‚cwZ Qvcv‡”Qb Bs‡iwR ˆ`wbK †m‡š—wjm| Mv‡bi cÖwZ fv‡jvevmv
†R¨vwZwi‡›`Öi A‡bK †ewk wQj| †QvU fvB iex›`Öbv‡_i A‡bK¸‡jv Mv‡bB wZwb myi K‡iwQ‡jb| Ôdz‡j dz‡j X‡j
X‡jÕ †h MvbwU mZ¨wRr Zuvi Pvi“jZvq eënvi K‡iwQ‡jb, †mUvI wQj iex›`Öbv‡_i bZzb`vi myi Kiv|
mì w÷ª‡Ui GB evwoi NUbvmg~‡ni cÖvq 20 eQi ci G wb‡q Mí †j‡Lb iex›`Öbv_| ZZ w`‡b Zuvi f‚cwZ
A‡bKUvB wb‡¯—R n‡q †M‡Qb| Kv`¤îxi g„Zzï ci wZwb wØZxq †Kv‡bv weevn K‡ibwb| msMxZPP©v, Qwe AuvKv Ges
†ek K‡qKwU bvUK †jLv I cwiPvjbv Kiv Qvov Avi wKQy K‡ibwb| 1896 mv‡j wkjvB`n AÂ‡ji Rwg`vwii
cvIqvi Ae A¨vUwb© P‡j Av‡m iex›`Öbv‡_i Kv‡Q| K‡qK eQi Rwg`vwi K‡i 1901 mv‡j iex›`Öbv_ P‡j hvb
kvwš—wb‡KZ‡b| Avi Zuvi bZzb`v †R¨vwZwi›`Öbv_ iuvwP‡Z †g‡Rv`v m‡Z¨›`Öbv_ VvKz‡ii Kv‡Q P‡j hvb| †mLv‡bB
wZwb g„ZzëiY K‡ib|
iex›`Öbv‡_i Rxe‡b Kv`¤îxi f‚wgKv eûgyLx| †cÖg I c~Rvi hyMcr mgš^q wQj GB bvixi cÖwZ, Ggb K_v
iex›`Ö-we‡klÁiv bvbvfv‡e, bvbv RvqMv‡ZB wj‡L‡Qb| Zvn‡j m`¨-ˆK‡kv‡i cov GB evj‡Ki †fZi cÖK…wZ I
bvix Df‡qi †gjeÜb NUv‡bvi Rb¨B wK Z‡e 10 b¤î mì w÷ª‡Ui GB evwowUi Kv‡Q iex›`Öf‡³i me‡P‡q eo
FY?
iex›`Öbv_ kû‡i KjKvZv ZLb †Zv Lye †ewk †`‡Lbwb| bZzb eDVv‡bi g„Zzï eQi Pv‡i‡Ki gv_vq wZwb P‡j
Av‡mb Avgv‡ì Kzwóqvi wkjvB`‡n| †mLvb †_‡K iwPZ n‡Z _v‡K †mvbviZix, gvbmx, Mí¸”Q Avi wQbœcÎmg~n|
1901 mv‡ji ci †_‡K 1941 mvj ch©š— we‡`k ågY Qvov evèvwK cÖavb mgqUv Zuvi †K‡UwQj kvwš—wb‡KZ‡b|
Zvn‡j wK kni KjKvZvi iƒc-im-MÜ, hv wKQy Zvi †bIqvi wQj, Zvi meUzKziB m¤^j ev AvkÖq wQj Avgv‡ì GB
mì w÷ªU?
mì w÷ª‡Ui evwo †_‡K iex›`Öbv_ Avevi we‡jZ hvIqvi D‡`¨vM †bb| KjKvZv †_‡K Avn‡g`vev` ch©š — wM‡q
Avevi †diZ Av‡mb GB bóbx‡oi evwo‡Z| G wb‡q KvbvNylv ïi“ nq †Rvovmuv‡Kvi VvKzievwo‡Z| iwe‡K we‡q
†Ìqvi Rb¨ D‡V-c‡o jv‡Mb Zuviv| mZ¨wR‡Zi Pvi“jZvqI Ag‡ji we‡jZ hvIqv Avi Zvi Rb¨ cvÎx †`Lvi
welq¸‡jv ILv‡bI GKBfv‡e wQj|
Kv`¤îx we`ylx gwnjv wQ‡jb| wZwb iex›`Öbv‡_i †jLvi †hvM¨ mgv‡jvPKI wQ‡jb| KL‡bv PvB‡Zb Zuvi †Kv‡bv
†Kv‡bv †jLv GKvš—B Zuvi Rb¨ n‡e, cwÎKvq cÖKvk K‡i RbM‡Yi m¤ú‡` cwiYZ †nvKÑGUv Kv`¤îxi PvIqv
wQj bv| wKš‘ Zvi ciI iex›`Öbv_ mÜ¨vmsMxZ cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| iex›`Öbv_ Zuvi wcÖq gvbylwU‡K eB DrmM© K‡i‡Qb
124
mvs‡KwZK fvlvq Ô†nÕ (†n‡KwUÕi-†n)-†K| wKš‘ mewKQy IjUcvjU n‡q hvq iex›`Öbv‡_i we‡qi Kvi‡Y| 1883
mv‡ji wW‡m¤^‡i h‡kv‡ii feZvwiYx †èx‡K we‡q K‡i wb‡q Avmv n‡jv †Rvovmuv‡Kvq| feZvwiYx †èx‡K g„Yvwjbx
wn‡m‡e N‡l-†g‡R VvKzievwoi cwi‡e‡k Awf‡hvwRZ Kivi Rb¨ mì w÷ª‡Ui IB evwo †Q‡o †R¨vwZwi›`Öbv_ Avi
Kv`¤îx P‡jI G‡jb †Rvovmuv‡Kvq| †mB †_‡K IB evwowU iwenviv|
mì w÷ª‡Ui G evwo‡Z e‡mB wZwb mÜ¨vmsMxZ Kv‡eï †ek wKQy KweZv wj‡LwQ‡jb| G evwo‡Z G‡m Kx K‡i
KweZvq wbR¯^Zv Lyu‡R †c‡jb Zvi weeiY Av‡Q Rxeb¯§„wZ‡ZÑ
GKmg‡q †R¨vwZ`v`viv `~i‡`‡k ågY Kwi‡Z wMqvwQ‡jbÑ†ZZjvi Qv‡ì Ni¸wj k~b¨ wQj| †mB
mgq Avwg †mB Qv` I Ni AwaKvi Kwiqv wbR©b w`b¸wj hvcb KwiZvg| GBiƒ‡c hLb Avcb
g‡b GKv wQjvg, ZLb Rvwbbv †Kgb Kwiqv Kve¨ iPbvq †h ms¯‹v‡ii g‡a¨ †ewóZ wQjvg †mUv
Lwmqv †Mj| Avgvi m½xiv †hme KweZv fv‡jvevwm‡Zb I Zuvnv‡ì wbKU L¨vwZ cvBevi B”Qvq
gb ¯^fveZB †hme KweZvi Quv‡P wjwLevi †Póv KwiZ, †eva Kwi, Zuvnviv `~‡i hvB‡ZB Avcbv-
Avcwb †mB mKj KweZvi kvmb nB‡Z Avgvi wPË gyw³jvf Kwij|
Zuvi GB gyw³jv‡fi cÖKvk NUj cÖfvZmsMxZ-G G‡m| Rxeb¯§„wZ‡Z Kwe wj‡L‡QbÑ
†R¨vwZ`v`v wKQyw`‡bi Rb¨ †PŠi½x Rv`yN‡ii wbKU `k b¤î mì ÷ªx‡U evm Kwi‡Zb| Avwg
Zuvnvi m‡½ wQjvg| GLv‡bI GKUz GKUz Kwiqv eDVvKzivbxi nvU I GKwU GKwU Kwiqv
mÜ¨vmsMxZ wjwL‡ZwQ Ggb mg‡q Avgvi g‡a¨ nVvr GKUv Kx DjUcvjU nBqv †Mj, Avgvi g‡b
Av‡Q, RMrUv‡K †Kgb Kwiqv †`wL‡j †h wVKgZ †`Lv hvq Ges †mBm‡½ wb‡Ri fvi jvNe nq,
†mB K_v GKw`b evwoi †Kv‡bv AvÍxq‡K eySvBevi †Póv KwiqvwQjvg wKQygvÎ K…ZKvh© nB bvB,
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wek¦msmvi mgv”Qbœ, Avb‡›` Ges †mŠ›`‡h© me©ÎB Ziw½Z| Avgvi nƒ`‡q ¯—‡i ¯—‡i †h GKUv
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AwWUwiqv‡g cvVv‡e| ïi“ †_‡K GB g~j cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi †kl ch©š — eûevi, eû K‡ó, i“‡g, K¬vmi“‡g ïb‡Z
125
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wbwLjmgy‡`ªi Dci w`qv Zi½jxjvi g‡Zv ewnqv Pwjqv‡Q| wkïKvj nB‡Z †Kej †PvL w`qv
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Zuvnviv `vwR©wjs‡q hvB‡eb| Avwg fvwejvg, G Avgvi nBj fv‡jv| mì ÷ªx‡U kn‡ii wf‡oi
g‡a¨ hvnv †`wLjvg wngvj‡qi D`vi ˆkjwkL‡i ZvnvB Av‡iv fv‡jv Kwiqv, Mfxi Kwiqv †`wL‡Z
cvBe| Aš—Z GB `„wó‡Z wngvjq Avcbv‡K †Kgb Kwiqv cÖKvk K‡i Zvnv Rvbv hvB‡e| wKš‘
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126
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†nv‡Uj| iex›`Öbv‡_i ¯§„wZwPý aviY Kivi cvkvcvwk wZwb evwYwR¨Kfv‡eI mdj n‡Z PvbÑGgb K_v e‡j‡Qb IB
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gwR` I Beb Be‡Zkvg gwR`|

10 M'I W÷ U: Iex 'Öbv - I KJKVZV Kvkzi GWR'

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1

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10 m`i w÷ªU: Pvi“jZvi bóbxo

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