constraints queries:-------------------------

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ccreate table customer(cust_id number(10)primary key,
cust_name varchar2(10) not null,
mobile_no number(10)unique check (length(mobile_no)=10),
age number(4)check(age>18),
city_id number(4)REFERENCES city(city_id));
create table city(city_id number(4)primary key,city_name varchar2(10));
insert into city values(10,'HYDERABAD');
insert into customer values(123,'Shekhar',9603632051,20,10);
desc customer;
desc city;
select * from all_constraints where owner='SYSTEM' and table_name = 'customer';
select a.owner,a.constraint_name,a.constraint_type,b.table_name,b.column_name
from all_constraints a,all_cons_columns b where a.constraint_name=b.constraint_name
and a.owner='SYSTEM', and a.table_name='customer';
delete from customer where cust_id=123;
rollback;
select * from customer;
SELECT *
FROM all_constraints
WHERE owner = 'SYSTEM' AND table_name = 'customer';
select * from all_tables where owner='SYSTEM';
drop table city;
drop table customer;

select :-------
select* from HR.employees;
select employee_id,first_name,email,hire_date,salary,department_id from
HR.employees;
--common alias
select employee_id associate_id,first_name,email,hire_date,salary,department_id
from HR.employees;
select employee_id as associate_id,first_name,email,hire_date,salary,department_id
from HR.employees;
--concatinatio of column // nested - function
select employee_id
associate_id,first_name,last_name,concat(first_name,last_name)full_name,email,hire_
date,salary,department_id from HR.employees;
-- space betweeen two columns use below query
select employee_id associate_id,first_name,last_name,concat(concat(first_name,'
'),last_name)full_name,email,hire_date,salary,department_id from HR.employees;
--another way to concation without using concation key word use ||
select employee_id associate_id,first_name,last_name,first_name||' '||last_name
full_name,email,hire_date,salary,department_id from HR.employees;
--column calculation
select employee_id,first_name,email,hire_date,salary*12
annual_salary,department_id from HR.employees;
select employee_id,first_name,email,hire_date,salary+10000
new_salary,department_id from HR.employees;
-- to know departments
select* from HR.employees;
select distinct department_id from HR.employees;
select department_id from HR.employees;
select count(distinct department_id )from HR.employees;
--where clause
select * from HR.employees where salary>10000;
select * from HR.employees where salary<=20000 and salary>=10000;
 select * from HR.employees where salary not between 10000 and 20000;
select * from HR.employees where salary between 20000 and 15000;
-- know numeric values column
select * from HR.employees where department_id = 60;
select * from HR.employees where department_id in (60,20);
select * from HR.employees where department_id not in (60,20);
--character column also
select * from HR.employees where job_id in ('it_prog','ad-vp');
-- nested condition
select * from HR.employees where department_id=60 and salary>1000;
select * from HR.employees where department_id=60 or salary<20000;
---nested function
select* from HR.employees where department_id =60 or (department_id=80 and
salary>10000);
-- where cluse in row
select * from HR.employees where rownum<=5;
select rownum,rowid from HR.employees;
select rownum,rowid,e.*from HR.employees e;
select * from HR.employees where commission_pct is null;
select * from HR.employees where commission_pct is not null;
select count (*) from HR.employees where commission_pct is null;
select count (*) from HR.employees where commission_pct is not null;
--date queries
--i want to separate year from hire_date below query did
select
employee_id,hire_date,to_char(hire_date,'yyyy'),to_char(hire_date,'mm'),to_char(hir
e_date,'month'),to_char(hire_date,'DD'),to_char(hire_date,'DAY')from HR.employees;

--- i want to know how many members join in year i have to use where clause
select * from hr.employees where to_char(hire_date,'yyyy')='2005';
-- dummy table
select * from dual;
select sysdate from dual;
select systimestamp from dual;

--pattern matching
-- i dont know exact value of column we can go for pattern matching
--use like key word Like(%%);
Like'%%';
select * from HR.Employees WHERE first_name like'A%';
select * from HR.Employees WHERE first_name like'%A';
select * from HR.Employees WHERE first_name like'%an';
select * from HR.Employees WHERE first_name like's%n';
select * from HR.Employees WHERE first_name like'----';
select * from HR.Employees WHERE first_name like'a----';
select * from HR.Employees WHERE salary like'--500';

---Order by
select * from HR.employees order by first_name;
select * from HR.employees order by first_name desc ;
select * from HR.employees order by salary desc ;
select * from HR.employees order by 8 desc,6;

--dual
select * from dual;
select current_date from dual;
select sysdate from dual;
select systimestamp from dual;
select sysdate from dual;
In oracle we hav three types of functions
1.Single Row Functions
2.Aggregent Functions
3.Analytical Functions