This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: D1322 − 19 An American National Standard

Designation: 598/12

Standard Test Method for

Smoke Point of Kerosene and Aviation Turbine Fuel1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1322; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.

1. Scope* 2.2 Energy Institute Standard:3

IP 367 Petroleum products—Determination and application
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for determina-
of precision data in relation to methods of test
tion of the smoke point of kerosene and aviation turbine fuel,
IP 598 Petroleum products—Determination of the smoke
a manual procedure and an automated procedure, which give
point of kerosene, manual and automated method
results with different precision.
NOTE 1—Only IP 598 published in 2012 by the Institute of Petroleum
1.2 The automated procedure is the referee procedure. (now Energy Institute) is equivalent to D1322; IP 57 is not equivalent.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3. Terminology
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard. 3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 aviation turbine fuel, n—refined petroleum distillate,
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
generally used as a fuel for aviation gas turbines.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.1.1.1 Discussion—Different grades are characterized by
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- volatility ranges, freeze point, and by flash point.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3.1.2 kerosene, n—refined petroleum distillate, boiling be-
tween 140 °C and 300 °C, generally used in lighting and
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor- heating applications.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- 3.1.2.1 Discussion—Different grades are characterized by
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the volatility ranges and sulfur content.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 3.2.1 smoke point, n—the maximum height, in millimetres,
of a smokeless flame of fuel burned in a wick-fed lamp of
2. Referenced Documents specified design.

2.1 ASTM Standards:2 4. Summary of Test Method

D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
4.1 The sample is burned in an enclosed wick-fed lamp that
Petroleum Products
is calibrated against pure hydrocarbon blends of known smoke
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance point. The maximum height of flame that can be achieved with
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical the test fuel without smoking determined by the manual and
Measurement System Performance automated apparatus is reported to the nearest 0.1 mm.

5. Significance and Use

1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on 5.1 This test method provides an indication of the relative
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
smoke producing properties of kerosenes and aviation turbine
--`,`,`,,,,,,,``,`,`,`,,,,`,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Subcommittee D02.J0.03 on Combustion and Thermal Properties.

Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019. Published December 2019. Originally fuels in a diffusion flame. The smoke point is related to the
approved in 1954. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D1322 – 18. DOI: hydrocarbon type composition of such fuels. Generally the
10.1520/D1322-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR,
the ASTM website. U.K., http://www.energyinst.org.uk.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

Copyright ASTM International

Provided by IHS Markit under license with ASTM
1Licensee=PT Pertamina IP/5987886002, User=Nurina, Ina
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 04/17/2020 07:42:20 MDT
 D1322 − 19

FIG. 2 Smoke Point Principle (Automated)

6.2 Smoke Point Lamp (Automated)4, in addition to the

basic components described in Annex A1, as shown in Fig. 2,
automated units also shall be equipped with a digital camera
connected to a computer to analyze and record the height of the
flame, a candle displacement system to adjust the height of the
flame, and a barometric pressure acquisition system associated
to a calibration database to select the right calibration value for
the automatic calculation of the correction factor defined in
10.1.2.
6.2.1 The digital camera associated to its dedicated software
shall have a minimum resolution of 0.05 mm for the flame
FIG. 1 Smoke Point Lamp (Manual) height measurement.
6.2.2 Due to the vastly superior resolution of the digital
camera compared to the human eye, smoke point shall be
measured by the automated unit when available. In case of
more aromatic the fuel the smokier the flame. A high smoke dispute between results from manual and automated methods,
point indicates a fuel of low smoke producing tendency. the referee shall be considered the automated method.
5.2 The smoke point is quantitatively related to the potential 6.3 Barometer—With accuracy of 60.5 kPa.
radiant heat transfer from the combustion products of the fuel. 6.4 Wick, of woven solid circular cotton of ordinary quality,
Because radiant heat transfer exerts a strong influence on the having the following characteristics:
metal temperature of combustor liners and other hot section
parts of gas turbines, the smoke point provides a basis for
correlation of fuel characteristics with the life of these com- 4
The sole source of supply of the automated apparatus known to the committee
ponents. at this time is AD systems (www.adsystems-sa.com), model SP 10 – Smoke Point,
available from AD systems, Allée de Cindais, P.A. Portes de la Suisse Normande,
6. Apparatus 14320 Saint-André-sur-Orne, France. If you are aware of alternative suppliers,
please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your com-
6.1 Smoke Point Lamp (Manual), as shown in Fig. 1 and ments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical
described in detail in Annex A1. committee,1 which you may attend.

--`,`,`,,,,,,,``,`,`,`,,,,`,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Copyright ASTM International

Provided by IHS Markit under license with ASTM
2Licensee=PT Pertamina IP/5987886002, User=Nurina, Ina
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 04/17/2020 07:42:20 MDT
 D1322 − 19
TABLE 1 Reference Fuel Blends the box shall be at least 150 mm above the top of the chimney
Standard Smoke Point at
Toluene 2,2,4-trimethylpentane
and the inside of the box painted dull black.
101.3 kPa
mm % (V/V) % (V/V) Automated Apparatus
14.7 40 60
20.2 25 75 9.2 Prepare the apparatus according to the manufacturer’s
22.7 20 80 instructions.
25.8 15 85
30.2 10 90 9.3 Extract all wicks, either new or from a previous
35.4 5 95 determination, for at least 25 cycles in an extractor, using a
42.8 0 100
mixture of equal volumes of toluene and anhydrous methanol.
Allow the wicks to dry partially in a hood before placing in the
oven, or use a forced-draft and explosion-proof oven for drying
Casing 17 ends, 66 tex by 3 wicks, or both. Dry for 30 min at 100 °C to 110 °C, and store
Filling 9 ends, 100 tex by 4 in a dessicator until used.
Weft 40 tex by 2
Picks 6 per centimetre 9.3.1 Extracted wicks are commercially available and may
6.5 Pipettes or Burettes, Class A. be used, provided that they have been certified as being
extracted by the procedure outlined in 9.3. Store purchased
7. Reagents and Materials extracted wicks in a desiccator over desiccant until use. After
use, extract these wicks as in 9.3 before using again.
7.1 Toluene, ASTM Reference Fuel grade or ACS Reagent
grade ≥99.5 %. (Warning—Flammable, vapor harmful. (See
10. Calibration of Apparatus
Annex A2.1.))
7.2 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (isooctane), minimum purity Manual Apparatus
99.75 % by mass. (Warning—Flammable, vapor harmful. 10.1 Confirm calibration of the apparatus in accordance
(See Annex A2.2.)) with 10.1.3 or calibrate, if needed, in accordance with 10.1.1
7.3 Methanol (methyl alcohol), anhydrous. (Warning— prior to first use of the day. Recalibrate when there has been a
Flammable, vapor harmful. (See Annex A2.3.)) change in the apparatus or operator, or when a change of more
7.4 Reference Fuel Blends, appropriate to the fuels under than 0.7 kPa occurs in the barometric pressure reading.
test, prepared accurately from toluene and 2,2,4- 10.1.1 Calibrate the apparatus by testing two of the refer-
trimethylpentane, in accordance with the compositions given in ence fuel blends specified in 7.4, using the procedure specified
Table 1, by means of calibrated burettes or pipettes, with a in Section 11 and, if possible, bracketing the smoke point of the
precision of 60.2 % or better. sample. If this is not possible, use the two test blends having
their smoke points nearest to the smoke point of the sample.
7.5 Heptane, minimum purity 99 % by mass. (Warning— 10.1.2 Determine the correction factor, f, for the apparatus
Extremely flammable, vapor harmful if inhaled. (See Annex from the equation:
A2.4.))
~A s ⁄ A d!1~B s ⁄ B d!
f5 (1)
8. Sampling and Preparation of Samples 2

8.1 It is recommended samples shall be taken by the where:

procedures described in Practice D4057. Use the sample as As = the standard smoke point of the first reference fuel
received. Allow all samples to come to ambient temperature blend,
(20 °C 6 5 °C), without artificial heating. If the sample is hazy Ad = the smoke point determined for the first reference fuel
or appears to contain foreign material, filter through qualitative blend,
filter paper. Bs = the standard smoke point of the second reference fuel
blend, and
9. Preparation of Apparatus Bd = the smoke point determined for the second reference
fuel blend.
Manual Apparatus
If the smoke point determined for the test fuel exactly
9.1 Place the lamp in a vertical position in a room where it
matches the smoke point determined for a reference fuel blend,
can be completely protected from drafts. Carefully inspect each
use as the second bracketing reference fuel the reference fuel
new lamp to ensure that the air holes in the gallery and the air
blend with the next higher smoke point, if there is one.
inlets to the candle holder are all clean, unrestricted, and of
Otherwise, use the one with the next closest smoke point.
proper size. The gallery shall be so located that the air holes are
10.1.3 An alternative approach to confirm calibration of the
completely unobstructed.
apparatus is for each operator to run a control sample each day
NOTE 2—Slight variations in these items all have a marked effect on the the apparatus is in use. Record the results and compare the
precision of the result obtained.
--`,`,`,,,,,,,``,`,`,`,,,,`,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

average from the database of the control sample using control

9.1.1 If the room is not completely draft-free, place the lamp charts or equivalent statistical techniques. If the difference
in a vertical position in a box constructed of heat-resistant exceeds the control limits or when new apparatus is used, then
material (not containing asbestos), open at the front. The top of the apparatus must be recalibrated.

Copyright ASTM International

Provided by IHS Markit under license with ASTM
3Licensee=PT Pertamina IP/5987886002, User=Nurina, Ina
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 04/17/2020 07:42:20 MDT
 D1322 − 19
Automated Apparatus
10.2 The apparatus shall have a calibration database for the
storage of the reference fuel blends values specified in Table 1.
Each calibration test performed with the reference fuel blends
shall be stored in this database in addition with the barometric
pressure observed at the moment the calibration was per-
formed.
10.2.1 The apparatus shall have the capability to automati-
cally calculate the correction factor f according to Eq 1 by
automatically selecting in its calibration database the reference
fuel blends values specified in Table 1, using the procedure
specified in Section 11 and the calculation specified in Section
12 and, if possible, bracketing the smoke point of the sample.
If this is not possible, it shall use the two test blend results
having their smoke points nearest to the smoke point of the
sample.
NOTE 3—The digital camera and the associated software replace the
operator eyes for the observation of the flame. Consequently it is not
necessary to recalibrate the apparatus when there has been a change in the
operator.
10.2.2 Record the barometric pressure and check in the
calibration database that the instrument has been calibrated at
that recorded pressure 60.7 kPa. If no calibration values exist
for the seven blends specified in Table 1 at the pressure
observed 60.7 kPa, calibrate the apparatus in accordance with
10.2.3. If calibration values exist for the seven blends specified
in Table 1, in other words, if the instrument has been already
calibrated at the pressure observed, check the apparatus in
accordance with 10.2.4.
NOTE 4—Because the automated apparatus stores the smoke points
obtained with the reference fuels at different barometric pressures, it is not
necessary to recalibrate the apparatus when a change of more than 0.7 kPa
occurs in the barometric pressure reading. Depending on the barometric
pressure entered at the test initiation, the apparatus will automatically use
the correct stored values obtained with the fuel blends. If the correct
values are not yet stored, the apparatus will prompt the operator in order
to perform the calibration at the pressure observed.
10.2.3 Calibrate the apparatus by testing the seven reference
fuel blends specified in 7.4, using the procedure specified in
Section 11.
10.2.4 At regular intervals of not more than seven days or
when there has been a change in the apparatus, verify that the
apparatus is performing properly by using a quality control
(QC) sample that is representative of the fuel(s) routinely
tested by the laboratory to confirm that the apparatus is in
statistical control following the guidelines given in Practice
FIG. 3 Wick Tube
D6299. If the difference exceeds the control limits, recalibrate
the apparatus.

11. Procedure 11.2 Introduce as near to 20 mL of the prepared sample as

11.1 Soak a piece of extracted and dried wick, not less than available, but not less than 10 mL, at room temperature, into
125 mm long, in the sample and place it in the wick tube of the the clean, dry candle.
candle (Fig. 3). Carefully ease out any twists arising from this 11.3 Place the wick tube in the candle and screw home. Take
operation. In cases of dispute, or of referee tests, always use a care that the candle air vent is free from fuel. If a wick-trimmer
new wick, prepared in the manner specified in 9.3. assembly is not being used, cut the wick horizontally and trim
11.1.1 It is advisable to resoak the burning-end of the wick it free of frayed ends so that 6 mm projects from the end of the
in the sample after the wick is inserted in the wick tube. candle. Use a clean razor blade or other sharp instrument.
--`,`,`,,,,,,,``,`,`,`,,,,`,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Copyright ASTM International

Provided by IHS Markit under license with ASTM
4Licensee=PT Pertamina IP/5987886002, User=Nurina, Ina
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 04/17/2020 07:42:20 MDT
 D1322 − 19
specified in 11.5. If these values vary over a range greater than
1.0 mm, repeat the test with a fresh sample and another wick.
11.5.6 Remove the candle from the lamp, rinse with
heptane, and purge with air to make ready for reuse.
Automated Apparatus
11.6 Position the candle on the conveyor of the analyzer as
shown on Fig. 8, Steps 1, 2 and 3.
11.6.1 Key in all sample details, enter the current barometric
pressure and initiate the test. For more details, refer to the
instruction manual of the apparatus manufacturer.
11.6.2 The candle is automatically introduced in the lamp
and lit.
FIG. 4 Wick Trimmer Assembly
11.6.3 The candle level is automatically adjusted so that the
flame is approximately 10 mm high and the lamp burns for
5 min.
11.6.4 After the 5 min stabilization time, the candle is
11.3.1 Some razor blades have a protective coating; in such automatically raised until a smoky tail appears, then it is
cases, remove the coating with a solvent before using the blade. lowered slowly. The apparatus software analyses flame images
11.3.2 An alternative method of preparing a wick free of taken by the digital camera. It automatically detects the flame
twists and frayed ends utilizes a wick-trimmer assembly (Fig. shape corresponding to Flame B according to 11.5.3. It
4). The wick-trimmer holder is inserted over the top of the wick determines the height of Flame B to the nearest 0.1 mm. The
tube (Fig. 5—Step 1) and the long-nosed triceps are inserted apparatus records the height observed. The candle conveyor
through the tube and holder (Fig. 5—Step 2). The wick is lowers the candle, the flame is automatically extinguished, and
grasped (Fig. 5—Step 3) and carefully pulled through the tube the conveyor comes back to its rest position.
without twisting (Fig. 5—Step 4). The tube is then inserted into
NOTE 5—Due to the flame height resolution of the digital camera, the
the candle and screwed home (Fig. 5—Step 5). A new, clean, flame height is recorded to the nearest 0.1 mm.
sharp razor is used to cut the wick at the face of the holder and
remove wisps and frayed ends (Fig. 5—Step 6). When the 11.6.5 The apparatus makes three separate observations of
holder is removed, the wick will be at the correct height in the the flame height at the smoke point by repeating the flame-
tube (Fig. 5—Step 7). appearance sequence specified in 11.5. If these values vary
over a range greater than 1.0 mm, the apparatus shall warn the
Manual Apparatus operator. The test is repeated with a fresh sample and another
11.4 Insert the candle into the lamp. wick.
11.6.6 Remove the candle from the conveyor, rinse with
11.5 Light the candle and adjust the wick so that the flame heptane, and purge with air to make ready for reuse.
is approximately 10 mm high and allow the lamp to burn for
5 min. (See Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.) Raise the candle until a smoky 12. Calculation
tail appears, then lower the candle slowly through the follow-
ing flame appearance sequence: 12.1 Manual Apparatus—Calculate the smoke point, to the
11.5.1 A long tip; smoke slightly visible; erratic and jumpy nearest 0.1 mm, from the equation:
flame. Smoke point 5 L 3 f (2)
11.5.2 An elongated, pointed tip with the sides of the tip
appearing concave upward as shown in Fig. 6 (Flame A). where:
11.5.3 The pointed tip just disappears, leaving a very L = the average of three individual readings, and
slightly blunted flame as shown in Fig. 6 (Flame B). Jagged, f = the correction factor (see 10.1.2).
erratic, luminous flames are sometimes observed near the true 12.2 Automated Apparatus—The smoke point is automati-
flame tip; these shall be disregarded. cally calculated by the apparatus according to 12.1.
11.5.4 A well rounded tip as shown in Fig. 6 (Flame C).
Determine the height of Flame B to the nearest 0.5 mm. Record 13. Report
the height observed.
11.5.4.1 To eliminate errors due to parallax, the eye of the 13.1 Manual Apparatus—Report the result, rounded to the
observer shall be slightly to one side of the centerline, so that nearest 0.1 mm, as the smoke point of the sample obtained by
a reflected image of the flame is seen on the scale on one side the manual procedure, and reference this Test Method D1322,
of the central vertical white line, and the flame itself is seen manual procedure.
against the other side of the scale. The reading for both 13.2 Automated Apparatus—Report the result from the
--`,`,`,,,,,,,``,`,`,`,,,,`,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

observations shall be identical. apparatus to the nearest 0.1 mm as the smoke point of the
11.5.5 Make three separate observations of the flame height sample obtained by the automated procedure, and reference
at the smoke point by repeating the flame-appearance sequence this Test Method D1322, automated procedure.

Copyright ASTM International

Provided by IHS Markit under license with ASTM
5Licensee=PT Pertamina IP/5987886002, User=Nurina, Ina
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 04/17/2020 07:42:20 MDT
 D1322 − 19

FIG. 5 Wick Positioning Steps

14. Precision and Bias5

Manual Apparatus (see Table 2 and Fig. 9)
14.1 Repeatability, r—The difference between successive
test results obtained by the same operator with the same
apparatus under constant operating conditions on identical
material would, in the long run, in the normal and correct
operation of the test method, exceed the following value in
only one case in 20:
r 5 0.06840~ x 1 16!

where:
r = repeatability, and
x = smoke point, in millimetres.
14.2 Reproducibility, R—The difference between two single
and independent results obtained by different operators work-
ing in different laboratories on nominally identical test material
would, in the long run, in the normal and correct operation of
the test method, exceed the following value in only one case in
20:
R 5 0.09363~ x 1 16!

where:
R = reproducibility, and
x = smoke point, in millimetres.
Automated Apparatus (see Table 2 and Fig. 9)
14.3 Repeatability, r—The difference between successive
test results obtained by the same operator with the same
apparatus under constant operating conditions on identical
material would, in the long run, in the normal and correct
operation of the test method, exceed the following value in
FIG. 6 Typical Flame Appearances only one case in 20:
r 5 0.02231x

where:
r = repeatability, and

5
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1178. Contact ASTM Customer
Service at [email protected].
--`,`,`,,,,,,,``,`,`,`,,,,`,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Copyright ASTM International

Provided by IHS Markit under license with ASTM
6Licensee=PT Pertamina IP/5987886002, User=Nurina, Ina
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 04/17/2020 07:42:20 MDT
 D1322 − 19

FIG. 7 Examples of Typical Flame Appearances

FIG. 8 Candle Positioning with Automated Apparatus

TABLE 2 Typical Precision Values R 5 0.01651~ x 1 30!

--`,`,`,,,,,,,``,`,`,`,,,,`,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
NOTE 1—r = repeatability; R = reproducibility where:
Manual Procedure Automated Procedure
Mean Result R = Reproducibility, and
r R r R x = smoke point, in millimetres.
15 2.12 2.90 0.33 0.74
NOTE 6—Precision values were determined by a joint EI/ASTM
20 2.46 3.37 0.45 0.83
25 2.80 3.84 0.56 0.91 program in 2012,6 with 11 manual labs, 13 automated labs and 15 different
30 3.15 4.31 0.67 0.99 samples tested in blind duplicates. The results were evaluated for precision
35 3.49 4.78 0.78 1.07 according to the statistical procedures given in IP 367 as implemented in
40 3.83 5.24 0.89 1.16 ASTM D02 computer program D2PP.
42 3.97 5.43 0.94 1.19
14.5 Bias:
14.5.1 The procedure in Test Method D1322 for measuring
the smoke point of kerosenes and aviation turbine fuels has no
x = smoke point, in millimetres. bias because the value of the smoke point can only be defined
14.4 Reproducibility, R—The difference between two single in terms of a test method.
and independent results obtained by different operators work-
ing in different laboratories on nominally identical test material
would, in the long run, in the normal and correct operation of 6
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
the test method, exceed the following value in only one case in be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1747. Contact ASTM Customer
20: Service at [email protected].

Copyright ASTM International

Provided by IHS Markit under license with ASTM
7Licensee=PT Pertamina IP/5987886002, User=Nurina, Ina
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 04/17/2020 07:42:20 MDT
 D1322 − 19

FIG. 9 Graphical Representation of the Precisions

--`,`,`,,,,,,,``,`,`,`,,,,`,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

14.5.2 A relative bias exists between the manual and the A = automated results.
automated procedures. The bias takes the form of an approxi-
mately uniform ratio, applicable over the whole range of 14.5.3 Results using the automated instrument shall be
results. The corresponding bias relationship is: reported without correction for bias.
~ A 1 16! 5 ~ M 1 16! ⁄1.016 (3)
15. Keywords
where:
15.1 aviation turbine fuel; combustion properties; jet fuel;
M = manual results, and kerosene; radiant heat; smoke point

ANNEXES

(Mandatory Information)

A1. APPARATUS

A1.1 Smoke Point Lamp, as shown in Fig. 1, complying shall have a range of 50 mm graduated in 1 mm intervals,
with the dimensional requirements given in Table A1.1 and as figured at each 10 mm and with longer lines at each 5 mm.
shown in Fig. A1.1 and Fig. A1.2. The following essential A1.1.3 An efficient device for raising or lowering the flame
requirements shall be met: shall be provided. The total distance of travel shall be not less
NOTE A1.1—A medium-density cobalt glass may be used to reduce eye
fatigue when viewing the flame. than 10 mm and the movement shall be smooth and regular.
A1.1.1 The top of the wick guide shall be exactly level with A1.1.4 The glass window of the door shall be curved to
the zero mark on the scale. prevent the formation of multiple images.
A1.1.2 The scale shall be marked in white lines on black A1.1.5 The joint between the base of the candle and the
glass on each side of a white or black strip 2 mm in width. It candle body shall be oil-tight.

Copyright ASTM International

Provided by IHS Markit under license with ASTM
8Licensee=PT Pertamina IP/5987886002, User=Nurina, Ina
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 04/17/2020 07:42:20 MDT
 D1322 − 19
TABLE A1.1 Critical Dimensions of Smoke Point Lamp
Dimension, Tolerance,
mm mm
Lamp Body (Fig. A1.1)
Candle Socket (C)
Internal diameter 23.8 ±0.05
Wick Guide (D)
Internal diameter 6.0 ±0.02
Air Inlets (20 in number) (E)
Diameter 2.9 ±0.05
Gallery (F)
External diameter 35.0 ±0.05
Air inlets (20 in number), diameter 3.5 ±0.05
Lamp Body (G)
Internal diameter 81.0 ±1.0
Internal depth 81.0 ±1.0
Chimney (H)
Internal diameter 40.0 ±1.0
Height, top of chimney to center of lamp body 130 ±1.0
Candle (Fig. A1.2)
Candle Body
Internal diameter 21.25 ...
External diameter sliding fit in candle holder
Length, without cap 109 ±0.05
9.5 mm dia screwed
Thread on cap
1.0 mm pitch
Wick Tube (A)
Internal diameter 4.7 ±0.05
External diameter close fit in flame guide
Length 82.0 ±0.05
Air-Vent (B)
Internal diameter 3.5 ±0.05
Length 90.0 ±0.05

--`,`,`,,,,,,,``,`,`,`,,,,`,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Copyright ASTM International

Provided by IHS Markit under license with ASTM
9Licensee=PT Pertamina IP/5987886002, User=Nurina, Ina
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 04/17/2020 07:42:20 MDT
 D1322 − 19

NOTE 1—Dimensions are millimetres.

FIG. A1.1 Lamp Body

--`,`,`,,,,,,,``,`,`,`,,,,`,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Copyright ASTM International

Provided by IHS Markit under license with ASTM
10
Licensee=PT Pertamina IP/5987886002, User=Nurina, Ina
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 04/17/2020 07:42:20 MDT
 D1322 − 19

FIG. A1.2 Candle

--`,`,`,,,,,,,``,`,`,`,,,,`,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Copyright ASTM International

Provided by IHS Markit under license with ASTM
11Licensee=PT Pertamina IP/5987886002, User=Nurina, Ina
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 04/17/2020 07:42:20 MDT
 D1322 − 19

A2. WARNING STATEMENTS

A2.1 Toluene nonpoisonous. Keep away from heat, sparks and open flame.
A2.1.1 Warning—Flammable. Vapor harmful. Keep away Keep container closed. Avoid contact with eyes and skin. Avoid
from heat, sparks and open flame. Keep container closed. Use breathing of vapor or spray mist. Use with adequate ventila-
with adequate ventilation. Avoid breathing of vapor or spray tion. Do not take internally.
mist. Avoid prolonged or repeated skin contact.
A2.4 Heptane
A2.2 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane (Isooctane) A2.4.1 Warning—Extremely flammable. Harmful if in-
A2.2.1 Warning—Extremely flammable. Harmful if in- haled. Vapor may cause flash fire. Keep away from heat, sparks
haled. Vapor may cause flash fire. Keep away from heat, sparks and open flame. Keep container closed. Use with adequate
and open flame. Keep container closed. Use with adequate ventilation. Avoid build-up of vapors and eliminate all sources
ventilation. Avoid buildup of vapors and eliminate all sources of ignition, especially nonexplosion-proof electrical apparatus
of ignition, especially nonexplosion-proof electrical apparatus and heaters. Avoid breathing of vapor or spray mist. Avoid
and heaters. Avoid breathing of vapor or spray mist. Avoid prolonged or repeated skin contact.
prolonged or repeated skin contact.
A2.3 Methanol (Methyl Alcohol)
A2.3.1 Warning—Flammable. Vapor harmful. May be fatal
or cause blindness if swallowed or inhaled. Cannot be made

APPENDIX

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. HELPFUL INFORMATION ON WICK EXTRACTION AND CYCLE TIMES TO AVOID CONSTANT ATTENDANCE

X1.1 Extract all wicks, either new or from a previous taken for two complete filling and emptying cycles be deter-
determination using the following procedure: mined. Then the time for 25 cycles may be calculated. The
X1.1.1 Place the wick(s) in an extractor and extract the wick(s) should then be extracted for at least this period of time.
wick(s) with a mixture of equal volumes of toluene and X1.1.3 Drain the wick(s) and place on absorbent paper in a
anhydrous methanol for at least 25 filling and emptying cycles. fume hood and allow to dry. After drying, place wick(s) in a
Soxhlet or similar extraction apparatus are permitted. suitable oven at 100 °C to 110 °C for 30 min. Store in a
X1.1.2 In order to overcome the need for an operator to desiccator until required.
stand and count 25 cycles, it is recommended that the time

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Subcommittee D02.J0 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(D1322 – 18) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Nov. 1, 2019.)

(1) Revised subsection 7.1.

--`,`,`,,,,,,,``,`,`,`,,,,`,``,-`-`,,`,,`

Copyright ASTM International

Provided by IHS Markit under license with ASTM
12
Licensee=PT Pertamina IP/5987886002, User=Nurina, Ina
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 04/17/2020 07:42:20 MDT
 D1322 − 19
ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned
in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should
make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.

This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above
address or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or [email protected] (e-mail); or through the ASTM website
(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222
Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http://www.copyright.com/
--`,`,`,,,,,,,``,`,`,`,,,,`,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Copyright ASTM International

Provided by IHS Markit under license with ASTM
13
Licensee=PT Pertamina IP/5987886002, User=Nurina, Ina
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 04/17/2020 07:42:20 MDT