ELECTRICAL MACHINES-II

Subject Code : EE403PC

Regulations : R18 - JNTUH
Class : II Year B.Tech EEE II Semester

Department of Electrical and Electronics and Engineering

BHARAT INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Ibrahimpatnam - 501 510, Hyderabad
 ELECTRICAL MACHINES-II (EE403PC)
COURSE PLANNER

I. OBJECTIVE AND RELEVANCE:

The main objective of this subject is to understand and to know the following concepts:
To deal with the detailed analysis of poly phase induction motors & Synchronous
Generators and motors
To understand operation, construction and types of single phase motors and their applications in house hold
appliances and control systems.
To introduce the concept of parallel operation of synchronous generators.
To introduce the concept of regulation and its calculations.

II. PREREQUISITES:
The knowledge of following subjects is essential to understand this subject:
 Electrical Machines-I
 Basic concepts about electrical energy conversion principles.
 Knowledge in Mathematics.

III. COURSE OUTCOME:

S.No Description Bloom’s Taxonomy Level

Understand the construction and working of 3-φ Induction Knowledge, Understand

CO1 machines. (Level 1, Level 2)
Understand the characteristics and different speed control methods Knowledge, Applying
CO2 of 3-φ Induction motor. (Level1, Level 3)
Understand the construction and working of Alternator. Knowledge, Understand
CO3
(Level 1, Level 2)
Analyze different methods to find the regulation of alternators. Analyzing, Evaluating
CO4
(Level 4, Level 5)
Understand the parallel operation of alternators and operation of Understand, Analyzing
CO5 synchronous motor. (Level 2, Level 4)
Understand the operation of different 1-φ Induction motors. Knowledge, Understand
CO6
(Level 1, Level 2)

IV. HOW PROGRAM OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED:

Proficiency
Program Outcomes (PO) Level
assessed by
Engineering Knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, Lectures,
PO1 science, engineering fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to 3 Assignments
the solution of complex engineering problems. university exams.
Problem Analysis:Identify, formulate, review research literature, and
Slip tests, Surprise
analyze complex engineering problems reaching substantiated
PO2 2 tests and Mock
conclusions using first principles of mathematics, natural sciences, and
tests
engineering sciences.
Design/Development Analysis:Design solutions for complex
engineering problems and design system components or processes that
Hands on Practice
PO3 meet the specified needs with appropriate consideration for the public 2
sessions
health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental
considerations.
PO4 Conduct Investigations of Complex Problems:Use research-based 2 Lab Sessions and
 knowledge and research methods including design of experiments, model
analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of the information to developments
provide valid conclusions.
Modern Toll Usage:Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques,
Practices new Soft
resources, and modern engineering and IT tools including prediction
PO5 2 computing
and modeling to complex engineering activities with an understanding
techniques
of the limitations.
The Engineer and Society: Apply reasoning informed by the
contextual knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and Seminars &
PO6 2
cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to the Project work
professional engineering practice.
Environment and Sustainability: Understand the impact of the
professional engineering solutions in societal and environmental
PO7 - --
contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need for sustainable
development.
Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and
PO8 - --
responsibilities and norms of the engineering practice.
Individual and Team Work: Function effectively as an individual,
PO9 and as a member or leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary - --
settings.
Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering
activities with the engineering community and with society at large,
Seminars,
PO10 such as, being able to comprehend and write effective reports and 2
Discussions
design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and
receive clear instructions.
Project Management and Finance: Demonstrate knowledge and
understanding of the engineering and management principles and apply Develop new
PO11 2
these to one’s own work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage projects
projects and in multidisciplinary environments.
Life-long Learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation
and ability to engage in independent and life-long learning in the
PO12 broadest context of technological change. 2 Research

1: Slight (Low) 2: Moderate (Medium) 3: Substantial (High) -: None

V. HOW PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED:

Proficiency
Program Specific Outcomes (PSO) Level
assessed by
Talented to analyze, design, and implement electrical & electronics
Lectures,
PSO1 systems and deal with the rapid pace of industrial innovations and 2
Assignments.
developments.
Skillful to use application and control techniques for research and Participate events,
PSO2 advanced studies in Electrical & Electronics Engineering domain. 2 seminars &
symposiums
1: Slight (Low) 2: Moderate (Medium) 3: Substantial (High) -: None

VI. SYLLABUS:
JNTUH SYLLABUS
UNIT – I
Polyphase Induction Motors: Constructional details of cage and wound rotor machinesproduction of a rotating
magnetic field - principle of operation - rotor EMF and rotor frequency - rotor reactance, rotor current and Power
factor at standstill and during operation.
UNIT - II
Characteristics of Induction Motors: Rotor power input, rotor copper loss and mechanical power developed and
their inter relation-torque equation-deduction from torque equation - expressions for maximum torque and starting
torque - torque slip characteristic – equivalent circuit - phasor diagram -crawling and cogging -.No-load Test and
Blocked rotor test – Predetermination of performance Methods of starting and starting current and Torque
calculations.
Speed Control Methods: Change of voltage, change of frequency, voltage/frequency, injection of an EMF into
rotor circuit (qualitative treatment only)-induction generatorprinciple of operation.
UNIT – III
Construction, Principle of operation, Characteristics & Regulation of Synchronous
Generator: Constructional Features of round rotor and salient pole machines – Armature windings – Integral slot
and fractional slot windings; Distributed and concentrated windings – distribution, pitch and winding factors –
E.M.F Equation. Harmonics in generated e.m.f. – suppression of harmonics –armature reaction – leakage reactance
– synchronous reactance and impedance – experimental determination – phasor diagram – load characteristics.
Regulation by synchronous impedance method, M.M.F. method, Z.P.F. method and A.S.A. methods – salient pole
alternators – two reaction analysis – experimental determination of Xd and Xq (Slip test) Phasor diagrams –
Regulation of salient pole alternators.
UNIT - IV
Parallel Operation of Synchronous Generator: Synchronizing alternators with infinite bus bars –synchronizing
power torque – parallel operation and load sharing - Effect of change of excitation and mechanical power input.
Analysis of short circuit current wave form – determination of sub-transient, ransient and steady state reactances.
Synchronous Motors – Principle of Operation: Theory of operation – phasor diagram – Variation of current and
power factor with excitation – synchronous condenser – Mathematical analysis for power developed .- hunting and
its suppression – Methods of starting – synchronous induction motor.
UNIT - V
Single Phase Motors & Special Motors:: Single phase induction motor – Constructional features-Double revolving
field theory – split-phase motors – shaded pole motor.

GATE SYLLABUS:
Single phase transformer: equivalent circuit, phasor diagram, open circuit and short circuittests, regulation and
efficiency; three phase transformers: connections, parallel operation; Autotransformer, Electromechanical energy
conversion principles.
DC machines: separately excited, series and shunt, motoring and generating mode of operation and their
characteristics, starting and speed control of dc motors;
Three phase induction motors: principle of operation, types, performance, torque-speed characteristics, no-load
and blocked rotor tests, equivalent circuit, starting and speed control; Operating principle of single phase induction
motors;
Synchronous machines: cylindrical and salient pole machines, performance, regulation and parallel operation of
generators, starting of synchronous motor, characteristics; Types of losses and efficiency calculations of electric
machines.

ESE SYLLABUS:
Single phase transformers, three phase transformers - connections, parallel operation, auto-transformer, energy
conversion principles, DC machines - types, windings, generator characteristics, armature reaction and
commutation, starting and speed control of motors, Induction motors - principles, types, performance
characteristics, starting and speed control, Synchronous machines - performance, regulation, parallel operation of
generators, motor starting, characteristics and applications, servo and stepper motors.

SUGGESTED BOOKS:
TEXT BOOKS:
1. “I. J. Nagrath& D. P. Kothari”, “Electric Machines”, Tata Mc Graw Hill, 7 th Edition, 2009
2. “PS Bhimbra”, “Electrical machines”, Khanna Publishers, 2014.
 REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. “M. G. Say”, “Performance and Design of AC Machines”, CBS Publishers, 3 rd Edition, 2002.
2. “A.E. Fitzgerald, C. Kingsley and S. Umans”, “Electric machinery”, Mc Graw Hill Companies, 7th edition,
2013
3. “Langsdorf”, “Theory of Alternating Current Machinery”, Tata McGraw-Hill Companies, 2nd edition, 1984.
4. “M.V Deshpande”, “Electrical Machines”, Wheeler Publishing, 2011
5. “J.B.Gupta”, “Electrical Machines Vol. 2”, SkKataria& Sons, 2012.

VII. COURSE PLAN (WEEK-WISE):

LESSON PLAN ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021 II SEM

Course Instructor : Bipul Krishna Saha
Class: EEE III (A &B )
Subject: ELECTRICAL MACHINES – II
WEF : 26.3.21
Link for Small Teachin
Course
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II Mid Examinations

* Topics beyond Syllabus

TEXT BOOKS:

1 A. E. Fitzgerald and C. Kingsley, "Electric Machinery”, McGraw Hill Education, 2013.

2 M. G. Say, “Performance and design of AC machines”, CBS Publishers, 2002.

VII.MAPPING COURSE OUTCOMES LEADING TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OFPROGRAM

OUTCOMES AND PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES:

Program
Program Outcomes Specific
Outcomes
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
CO1 2 3 2 3 - 2 - - - 2 2 2 1 2
CO2 3 - - 2 2 - - - - - 1 3 3 2
CO3 2 1 2 - 2 1 - - - 2 2 2 3 1
CO4 3 2 2 1 2 2 - - - 2 1 2 2 2
CO5 - 2 - 2 2 1 - - - 1 2 1 1 2
CO6 2 - 2 - - 2 - - - 2 - 2 2 1
AVG 2.4 2 2 2 2 1.6 1.8 1.6 2 2 1.667
VIII. QUESTION BANK (JNTUH):
UNIT I
Long Answer Questions
Blooms Taxonomy Course
S.No Question
Level Outcome
Explain the principle and operation of three phase induction
1 Knowledge 1
motor?
A 4-pole induction motor, supplied by a slightly
unbalanced three-phase 50 Hz source, is rotating at 1440
2 Solving 3
rpm. The electrical frequency in Hz of the induced negative
sequence current in the rotor is?
Explain about the various losses occurring in a three phase
3 induction motor? Explain 2

A three-phase 440 V, 6 poles, 50 Hz, squirrel cage

induction motor is running at a slip of 5%. The speed of
4 Solving 2
stator magnetic field to rotor magnetic field and speed of
rotor with respect of stator magnetic field are?
5 Derive the torque equation of three phase induction motor? Derive 2
 A three-phase squirrel cage induction motor has a starting
torque of 150% and a maximum torque of 300% with
6 respect to rated torque at rated voltage and rated frequency. Applying 3
Neglect the stator resistance and rotational losses. The
value of slip for maximum torque is?
Draw the torque slip characteristics of three phase
7 Explain 2
induction motor?
A three phase squirrel cage induction motor has a starting
current of seven times the full load current and full load
8 slip of 5% if an auto transformer is used for reduced Determine 3
voltage starting to provide 1.5 per unit starting torque, the
auto transformer ratio (%) should be?
Derive the condition for maximum torque in a three phase
9 Find 1
induction motor?
A 3 phase, 50 Hz, six pole induction motor has a rotor
resistance of 0.1 Ω and reactance of 0.92 Ω. Neglect the
10 voltage drop in stator and assume that the rotor resistance is Analyzing 4
constant. Given that the full load slip is 3%, the ratio of
maximum torque to full load torque is?

Short Answer Questions

Blooms Taxonomy Course
S.No Question
Level Outcome
What are the two types of 3-phase induction motors? Which
1 Knowledge 2
type is generally preferred?
2 Why induction motors are called “asynchronous”? Understand 2
Why the air-gap between stator core and rotor of an
3 Understand 1
induction motor is made very small?
Which type of induction motor develops higher starting
4 Knowledge 2
torque?
5 What is the condition for maximum torque? Knowledge 2
6 Define the slip? Understand 1
7 What is the slip of induction generator? Understand 1
8 When the slip is greater than one Knowledge 1
9 Why semi closed type slots are prepared in induction motor? Understand 2
10 What is the rotor frequency? Understand 1

UNIT II
Long Answer Questions
Blooms Taxonomy Course
S.No Question
Level Outcome
Explain about the speed control of three phase induction
1 Explain 2
motor?
A 400 V, 50 Hz 30 hp, three-phase induction motor is drawing
50 A current at 0.8 power factor lagging. The stator and rotor
2 Evaluating 5
copper losses are 1.5 kW and 900 W respectively. The friction
and wind age losses are 1050 W and the core losses are 1200
 W. The air-gap power of the motor will be?
Explain about starting methods of a three phase induction
3 Understand 2
motor?
A balanced three-phase voltage is applied to a star-connected
induction motor, the phase to neutral voltage being V. The
stator resistance, rotor resistance referred to the stator, stator
4 leakage reactance, rotor leakage reactance referred to the Simplify 4
stator, and the magnetizing reactance are denoted by r s, rr,
xs ,xr and xm , respectively. The magnitude of the starting
current of the motor is given by
Explain about the construction of circle diagram and from that
5 explain how to find the performance of three phase induction Explain 2
motor?
A three-phase squirrel cage induction motor has a starting
torque of 150% and a maximum torque of 300% with respect
6 to rated torque at rated voltage and rated frequency. Neglect Determine 5
the stator resistance and rotational losses. The value of slip for
maximum torque is
7 Explain about the working principle of induction generator? Understand 2

A three phase squirrel cage induction motor has a starting

current of seven times the full load current and full load slip
8 of 5% if an auto transformer is used for reduced voltage Apply 3
starting to provide 1.5 per unit starting torque, the auto
transformer ratio (%) should be?
9 Define slip and slip speed of a three phase induction motor? Define 1

A three phase squirrel cage induction motor has a starting

current of seven times the full load current and full load slip of
10 Simplify 4
5% If a star-delta starter is used to start this induction motor,
the per unit starting torque will be?

Short Answer Questions

Blooms Taxonomy Course
S.No Question
Level Outcome
1. Why an induction motor cannot run at synchronous
1 Knowledge 1
speed?
2 2. What is slip of an induction motor? Knowledge 1
3. A 3-phase, 50 Hz squirrel cage induction motor runs at
3 Understand 2
4% slip. What will be the frequency of rotor currents?
4. What is the speed of rotor mmf of a 3-phase induction
4 Understand 2
motor w.r.t. its stator mmf?
5. At what slip the torque developed in an induction motor
5 Understand 2
will be maximum?
6. What is the relationship of developed torque of a 3-
6 Understand 1
phase induction motor with the supply voltage?
7. Speed of a 3-phase induction motor is varied by varying
7 the supply frequency while v/f is kept constant. How Understand 2
will the maximum torque vary?
8. How is the mechanical power output represented in the
8 Knowledge 1
circuit model of an induction motor?
 9. What measure can be taken for minimizing the effect of
9 Knowledge 1
crawling?
10. Why the power factor of an induction motor is low at
10 Understand 2
starting?
11. Why an induction motor cannot run at synchronous
11 Knowledge 1
speed?
12 12. What is slip of an induction motor? Understand 2

UNIT III
Long Answer Questions
Blooms Taxonomy Course
S.No Question
Level Outcome
(a) Explain the operation of alternator on various loads for
various power factors loads.
1 Understanding 3
(b) A 3phase alternator has 2 slots/pole/phase and coil span of
5 slot as full pitch
(a) Derive the expression for per phase EMF induced in a
3phase alternator? Explain the factors affecting the value of
EMF induced.
2 Knowledge 3
(b) Give the winding details for a 3phase armature winding
with following details: Pole = 4, Number of slots = 30,
Double layer winding.
(a) What are harmonics? Explain how harmonics are present
in generated emf of alternator? What are the effects of
harmonics on generated emf?
3 (b) A star connected 3 phase alternator has an induced emf of Knowledge 3
400 V between the lines. Due to presence of third harmonic
component the phase voltage is 244 V. Find the value of third
harmonic voltage?
What are the effects of hunting on the performance of
4 synchronous motor and explain the method of suppressing the Applying 3
hunting
Draw the phasor diagram of a loaded alternator for the
5 following conditions:
(a) Lagging p.f (b) Leading p.f. (c) Unity p.f.
Explain the effect of armature reaction on the performance of
6 an alternator. How it depends on the load pf.? Explain with Understand 2
suitable diagrams.
The stator of a 3-phase, 8-pole, and 750 r.p.m. alternator has
72 slots, each of which contains 10 conductors. Calculate the
7 r.m.s. value of the e.m.f. per phase if the flux per pole is 0.1 Analyze 4
Wb sinusoid ally distributed. Assume full-pitch coils and a
winding distribution factor of 0.96.
Find the regulation by the zero power factor method of 5
kVA, 6.6 kV, 3-phase, 50 Hz star-connected alternator at full
8 load, unity power factor having the following test data: Apply 3
Field current in 32 60 75 100 140
amperes
 OC test terminal 3100 4900 6600 7500 8300
voltage in volts
Full load current 0 1850 4250 5800 7000
zero pf tests line
voltage in volts

Define voltage regulation of an alternator. Explain the various

9 Define 1
factors which may affect the regulation of an alternator.
Explain how open-circuit and short-circuit tests are conducted
10 Explain 2
on a synchronous machine. What is an air-gap line?
Explain the synchronous impedance method of determining
the voltage regulation of an alternator. Comment on the merits
11 Understand 2
and limitations of this method. Why this method is considered
as pessimistic method?
Explain the MMF method of determining the voltage
12 Knowledge 1
regulation of alternator.
Explain the Potier-triangle method of determining the voltage
13 Understand 2
regulation of an alternator.
An l1-kV, 100o-kV A, three-phase, star-connected alternator
has a resistance of 2  per phase. The open-circuit curve and
the characteristic with rated full-load current at zero power
factor are .given in the following table. Find the voltage
14 regulation of the alternator for full-load current at power Apply 3
factor of 0.8 lagging.
Field Current (A)----40 50 110 140 180
Lime Volts ----5800 7000 12500 3750 15000
Lime volts zero p.f.----0 1500 8500 10550 12500
Describe the slip test method-for the measurement of Xd and
15 Describe 4
Xq of synchronous machines.
Discuss Blondel's two-reaction theory of salient-pole
16 Discuss 6
synchronous machines.
Draw and explain the phasor diagram of a salient-pole
17 Elaborate 6
synchronous generator supplying a lagging power factor load.

Short Answer Questions

Blooms Taxonomy Course
S.No Question
Level Outcome
1. What type of rotor is adopted for high speed alternators? Knowledge 1
What will be the number of poles of a 50 Hz alternator if it
2. Knowledge 1
runs at its greatest speed?
What is the role of damper winding in synchronous generator
3. Understand 2
and motor?
4. What is the other name for distribution factor? Knowledge 1
Calculate the pitch factor of the following winding: 36 slots, 4
5. Understand 2
poles, coil span- 1to 8
6. Can DC generator be converted into an alternator? Knowledge 1
7. What is meant by winding factor?
8. Defined pitch factor and distributed factor? Define 1
 9. Why alternator is rated in kVA rather than in kW? Remember
10. What is synchronous reactance Xs Remember 1
Why are distributed windings preferred over concentrated
11. Remember 1
windings?
12. At what voltage is the field of an alternator usually excited? Remember 1
What is meant by armature reaction of a synchronous
13. Remember 1
machine?
What is the effect of armature reaction for an alternator for
14. Remember 1
zero power factor lagging?
What is the effect of armature reaction for an alternator for
15. Remember 1
zero power factor leading?
What is the effect of armature reaction for an alternator for
16. Remember 1
unity power factor?
Name the different methods of voltage regulation of
17. Remember 1
alternator?
Why are the short circuit characteristics of an alternator
18. Remember 1
linear?
19. Which method of regulation is called pessimistic and why? Remember 1
20. What is the potier triangle? Remember 1
What are the characteristics required for potier method of
21. Remember 1
computing voltage regulation?
22. Why an alternator with low value of SCR has lower stability? Remember 1
23. What are the losses take place in an alternator? Remember 1
24. What is name of the test to determine the Xd and Xq? Remember 1
25. What is the order of Xd and Xq? Remember 1
UNIT IV
Long Answer Questions
Blooms Taxonomy Course
S.No Question
Level Outcome
Derive an expression for power developed in a non salient
1 Derive 2
pole alternator.
2 State the conditions necessary for paralleling alternators? Recall 1
A 500 MVA, 3 phase, 6 pole, and 11 KV star connected
alternator is running in parallel with other synchronous
3 machine on 11000 V bus. The synchronous reactance of the Solve 3
machine is 5 per phase. Calculate the synchronizing power
per mechanical degree at full load and 0.8 p.f. lagging.
What do you mean by synchronizing alternators? Describe
4 Remember 1
any one method of synchronization
Explain the effects of varying excitation on armature current
5 and power factor in a synchronous motor. Draw V and Λ Explain 2
curves.
Explain the effect of change in excitation on the parallel
6 Explain 2
operation of two alternators.
Derive necessary equations for power developed in a
7 Show 2
synchronous motor.
8 Explain different torques of a synchronous motor. Understand 2
A synchronous generator operates on constant-voltage
constant frequency bus bars. Explain the effect of variation
9 Solve 3
of (a) excitation and (b) steam supply on power output,
power factor, armature current and load angle of the
 machine. An 11 kV 3 phase star-connected synchronous
generator delivers 4000 k V A at unit, power factor when
running on constant voltage constant frequency bus bars. If
the excitation is raised by 20%, determine the kV A and
power factor at which the machine now works. The steam
supply is constant and the synchronous reactance is 30 /
phase. Neglect power losses and assume the magnetic
circuit to be un-saturated.
With neat diagram explain the operation of synchronous
10 motor and justify statement `synchronous motor is not self- Understand 2
starting'.
11 Explain the V and inverted V curves of synchronous motor Understand 2
12 Write a short notes on synchronous condenser Illustrate 2
13 Draw the phasor diagram of synchronous motor Develop 3
Calculate the synchronizing power in kilowatts per degree
of mechanical displacement at full load for a 1000 kV A,
14 6600 V, 0.8 power factor, 50 Hz, 8-pole, star-connected Solution 3
alternator having a negligible resistance and a synchronous
reactance of 60%.
A 500 kV A, 3-Phase, 6-pole, 11 kV star-connected
alternator is running in parallel with other synchronous
machines9ri 11000 V bus. The synchronous reactance of
15 Solve 3
the machines is 5 per phase. Calculate the synchronizing
power per mechanical degree at full load and 0.8 power
factor lagging.
A 10 MV A, 3-phase alternator has an' equivalent short-
circuits reactance of 20%. Calculate the synchronizing
16 power of the armature per mechanical degree phase Determine 5
displacement when running in parallel with 10000 V, 50 Hz
bus bars at 1500 r.p.m.
Short Answer Questions
Blooms
Course
S.No Question Taxonomy
Outcome
Level
1 Why are alternators put in parallel? Understand 2
2 What is hunting? Understand 2
3 What are the conditions for parallel operation of alternators? Knowledge 1
What are the two methods by which two alternators are put in
4 Understand 2
parallel?
A machine with a large air-gap has a higher synchronizing power.
5 Knowledge 1
Why?
What is the effect of increasing the steam admission to the prime
6 Understand 2
mover connected to an alternator?
What is the effect of varying excitation of an alternator running in
7 Knowledge 1
parallel with another alternator?
8 What is meant by infinite bus-bars? Applying 3
A synchronous motor develops some mechanical power, even if
9 Understand 2
the field is unexcited. Is it cylindrical or salient pole machine?
Compare the salient pole rotor and cylindrical rotor synchronous
10 Knowledge 1
motor, which is more stable?
 11 What is meant by synchronous condenser? Applying 3
12 What is the use of synchronous condenser? Understand 1
What is meant by hunting of synchronous motor? How will you
13 Remember 1
minimize it?
14 What are the advantages of synchronous motors? Remember 1
What could be the reasons if a 3-phase synchronous motor fails to
15 Remember 1
start?
A synchronous motor develops some mechanical power, even if
16 Explain 2
the field is unexcited. Is it cylindrical or salient pole machine?
UNIT V
Long Answer Questions
Blooms
Course
S.No Question Taxonomy
Outcome
Level
Explain the operation of a single phase induction motor using split
1 Extend 2
phase technique
Show that the self-starting torque of a single phase induction motor
2 Show 2
is zero
Explain two field revolving theory for single phase induction motor
3 Explain 2
and give its Torque slip characteristic.
Using double field revolving field theory explain the torque slip
4 characteristic of a single phase induction motor and prove that it Apply 3
can’t produce starting torque.
The following test results were obtained in case of a 230 V single
phase induction motor:
Free running test: 230V, 0.5 A, pf 0.18 lagging
Blocked rotor test: 58 V, 4.48 A, pf 0.58 lagging Determine the
5 Examine 4
approximate equivalent circuit of motor.
Assume: (a) Stator & rotor copper losses at standstill are equal
(b) Rotor leakage reactance referred to the stator & stator leakage
reactance are equal
6 What is split phase motor? Give the significance of split phase? Remember 1
Draw the circuit diagram of 1-phase capacitor start and induction
7 motor. Explain its working with all constructional details. Sketch Examine 4
the performance characteristics of the motor.
Explain shaded pole motor working priciple with neat circuit
8 Explain 2
diagram?

Short Answer Questions

Blooms Taxonomy Course
S.No Question
Level Outcome
Name the two theories regarding single phase induction
1 List 1
motor?
2 What is a split phase motor? Define 1
A single phase induction motor is provided with a main
3 winding and an auxiliary winding. Which of these having Compare 2
more resistive.
How is the direction of rotation of a single phase induction
4 Find 1
motor reversed?
5 Does the capacitor-start induction motor have a high or low Tell 1
 starting torque?
6 What is a shaded pole motor? Remember 1
7 What is a universal motor? Remember 1
Why compensating winding is provided in a universal
8 Remember 1
motor for ac operation?
Which single phase motor has the poorest speed
9 Remember 1
regulation?
10 Why the reluctance motor has low efficiency? Remember 1

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS:
UNIT I&II
JNTUH:
1) Purpose of oil in a transformer is
a) Cooling b) insulation c) both a&b d) none
2) As load changes flux in a transformer is
a) Increases b)Decreases c)Constant d)None

3) The L.V winding of a 400/230 single phase transformer is to be connected to a 25 Hz, the supply voltage should
be?
a) 230 b)460 c) 115 d)65
4) A single phase transformer is to be switched to the supply to have minimum inrush current. The switch should
be closed at
a) Maximum supply voltage b) zero supply voltge
c) 1/√2 max supply voltage d) 1/2 max supply voltage
IES
5) In transformer which of the following statement is valid?
a) In O.C test Copper losses are obtained while in S.C test core losses are obtained.
b) In O.C test, current drawn is drawn at high power factor.
c) In S.C test, current is drawn at zpf
d) In an O.C test current is drawn at upf
6) A three phase transformer has rating of 20 MVA, 220/33 KV star delta with leakage reactance of 12%. The
transformer reactance in ohms referred to each phase of L.V delta connected side is?
a) 23.5 b)19.6 c)18.5 d)8.7
JNTUH:
7) The desirable property of transformer core material is?
a) Low permeability and low hysteresis loss
b) High permeability and high hysteresis loss
c) High permeability and low hysteresis loss
d) Low permeability and high hysteresis loss
8) The efficiency of two identical transformers under load can be determined by
a) O.C Test b) S.C Test c)Back to Back test d)Any of the above
GATE
9) Which of the following will improve the mutual coupling between primary and secondary windings?
a)Transformer oil of high breakdown strength
b) High reluctance magnetic core.
c)winding material of high resistivity
d)Low reluctance magnetic core
10) In a transformer if the iron loss and copper loss are 40.5Kw and 50 KW respectively, then at what fraction of
load will the maximum efficiency will occur?
a)0.8 b)0.57 c)0.7 d)0.9
IES
11) If the frequency of input voltage of a transformer is increased, keeping the magnitude of voltage unchanged,
then
 a) Both eddy current and hysteresis loss will increase
b) Hysteresis loss will increase eddy current loss will decrease
c) Hysteresis loss will decrease, eddy current loss will increase
d) Hysteresis loss will decrease; eddy current loss will remain unchanged.
12) Two transformers when operating in parallel will share load depending upon?
a) Magnetizing current c) p.u impedance b) Leakage reactance d) efficiency

JNTUH:
13) A delta/delta transformer is connected to V/V transformer. The ratio of VA rating of V/V connected
transformer and delta/delta connected transformer is
a)57.77% b)100% c)86.66% d)73.2%
14) A 200/100 50 HZ transformer is to be excited at 40 Hz from 100 V side. For the same exciting current the
applied voltage should be?
a) 150 V b)80V c)100 V d)125V
GATE
15) When a transformer is first energized the transient current during first few cycles is
a) Less than full load current b) Equal to full load current
c) Equal to no load current d) much higher than full load current
16) A 25 KVA 2000/20, Two winding transformer is connected as auto transformer. The maximum possible KVA
rating of AT is
a) 125 b) 275 c) 375 d) 175
IES
17) A single phase transformer has p.u resistance 0.2 and p.u reactance 0.6. Its p.u voltage regulation at 0.8 pf
lagging would be?
a) 0.52 b) 0.42 c) 0.62 d) 0.36
18) A 230/2300 v star/delta three phase transformer is rated at 230 KVA. Its rated secondary current per phase is?
a) 33.33 A b)133.33 c) 66.66A d) 30.33
19) The following is the disadvantage of AT as compared to two winding transformer is?
a) Power rating is greater? b) Efficiency is low
c) Conductive isolation is not present. d) Voltage regulation is low.

UNIT III
1. Alternator operates on the principle of
a) electro-magnetic induction b) self-induction
c) Mutual induction d) b (or) c
Answer: A
2. In a synchronous machine, if the field flux axis is ahead of the armature field axis in the direction of rotation,
the machine operating is
a) Synchronous motor b) Synchronous generator
c) Asynchronous motor d) Asynchronous generator
Answer: B
3. In small a.c. generators
a) Armature is revolving member
b) The magnet field is produced by d.c.electro-magnets placed on the stationary member
c) The current induced in the rotating armature is collected by means of brushes and slip-rings on the
revolving member (rotor) d) All of the above.
Answer: A
4. In a.c. rotating machines, the generated e.m.f.,
a) is in phase with working flux  b) leads  by 900
c) lags by 900 d) lags  by 1800
Answer: C
5. The stator of an alternator gets overheated due to
a) Open phase b) unbalanced currents in the phases
c) Improper alignment of the rotor d) any one (or) more of the above
Answer: D
6. An exciter for an alternator is a small
 a) d.c. series generator b) d.c. shunt generator
c) d.c. compound generator d) d.c. shunt (or) compound generator
Answer: B
7. In a large synchronous generator, dampers are provided in order to
a) Increase stability b) dominate harmonic effects
c) Reduce voltage fluctuations d) reduce frequency fluctuations
e) Both (a) and (b)
Answer: E
8. An alternator drive by a steam turbine is known as a
a) turbo-alternator b) hydro-generator
c) steam turbine d) none of the above
Answer: A
9. Turbo-alternators are generally employed to run at ________ r.p.m.
a) 500 b) 1000 c) 1500 d) 3000 e) 1500 (or) 3000
Answer: D
10. Hydro-generators are generally employed to run at _________ r.p.m.
a) 500 b) 1000 c) 1500 d) 3000
Answer: A
11. The high speed turbo-alternator has rotor of ____________ diameter and _______ axial length in comparison
to those of rotor for a low speed hydro-generator.
a) smaller, smaller b) larger, smaller
c) smaller, larger d) larger, smaller
Answer: C
12. The rotor preferred for alternators applied to hydraulic turbines are _________ type. (Salient pole type)
13. Winding used for a.c. machines are ____________
a) open winding b) closed winding
c) semi-open winding d) semi-closed winding
Answer: A
14. Closed windings may be
a) Single layer b) Double layer
c) Both single layer and double layer d) All of these
Answer: A
15. A 3-pase machine has 48 slots and 10 poles. This machine can have ________ winding.
a) Integral-Slot winding b) Fractional Slot winding c) None of the above
Answer: B
16. To eliminate the 5th harmonic from the e.m.f. generator in an alternator, the pitch factor will be
______________
a) 4/5 b) 5/4 c) 5/6 d) 6/5
Answer: A
17. In an alternator, the use of short pitch coils having pitch of 1600 will eliminate _____________
a) 3rd b) 5th c) 7th d) 9th
Answer: D
18. Harmonics in the e.m.f. generated in an alternator can be reduced by
a) Skewing the slots b) Chamfering the salient pole tips
c) Using distributed winding d) All of the above
Answer: D
19. Chording and distribution of armature windings for a.c. machines results in
a) reduction in air gap mmf harmonics
b) reduction in fundamental component of induced e.m.f.
c) increase in fundamental component of induced e.m.f.
d) reduction in noise and machine size
e) both a and b
Answer: E
20. In an alternator, the armature reaction is considered to be equivalent to a fictitious
a) Reactance b) resistance c) impedance d) admittance
Answer: A
 21. Drop in terminal voltage of an alternator due to armature reaction is counted by
a) damper winding b) effect of saliency
c) increased prime-mover output d) automatic voltage regulator
Answer: A
22. Synchronous reactance of alternator represents
a) armature reactance and leakage reactance
b) a reactance operating at synchronous speed
c) field winding reactance
d) a reactance connected in series with a synchronous generator
Answer: A
a) 1.25 pu. b) 1.11 pu. c) 1.0 pu. d) 0.9 pu.

GATE/IES PREVIOUS QUESTIONS

1. Distributed winding and short chording employed in AC machines will result in GATE-2008
(a) Increase in emf and reduction in harmonics
(b) Reduction in emf increase in harmonics
(c) Increase in both emf and harmonics (d) Reduction in both emf and harmonics
Answer:D
2. A rotating electrical machine having its self-inductance of both the stator and the rotor windings, independent of
the rotor position will be defiantly not develop GATE-2004
(a) Starting torque (b) Synchronizing torque
(c) Hysteresis torque (d) Reluctance torque
Answer:C
3. Two magnetic poles revolve around a stationary armature carrying two coil (c 1 c’1, c2 c’2) as shown in the
figure. Consider the instant when the poles are in a position as shown. Identify the correct statement regarding
the polarity of the induced emf at this instant in coilsides c 1 and c2.

(b)  in c1, no emf in c2

(a)
 in c1, no emf in c2
(c) in c2, no emf in c1 (d)  in c2, no emf in c1
Answer:A
4. A 100 kVA, 415 (line), star-connected synchronous machine generates rated open circuit voltage of 415 V at a
field current of 15 A. The short circuit armature current at a field current of 10A is equal to the rated armature
current. The per unit saturated synchronous reactance is GATE-2007
(a) 1.731 (b) 1.5 (c) 0.666 (d) 0.577
Answer:D
5. The synchronous speed for the seventh space harmonic mmf wave of a 3-phase, 8 pole, 50 Hz induction
machine is GATE-2004
(a) 107.14 rpm in forward direction
(b) 107.14 rpm in reverse direction
(c) 5250 rpm in forward direction
(d) 5250 rpm in reverse direction
Answer:A
6. A 500 MW 3-phase Y-connected synchronous generator has a rated voltage of 21.5 kV at 0.85 pf. The line
current when operating at full load rated conditions will be GATE-2004
 (a) 13.43 kA (b) 15.79 kA (c) 23.25 kA (d) 27.36 Ka
7. A synchronous generator is feeding a zero power factor (lagging) load at rated current. The armature reaction is
GATE-2006
(a) Magnetizing (b) demagnetizing (c) cross-magnetizing (d) Non of the above
Answer:B
8. The two-bright and one dark lamp method is used for
a. determination of phase sequence
b. synchronizing of 3-phase alternators
c. synchronizing of single phase alternators
d. transfer of load
9. Desirable feature for successful parallel operation of two alternators is that both should have
a) Same resistance b) Same reactance
c) High reactance in comparison to resistanced) Low reactance in comparison to resistance
10. Synchronizing current means
a. The total current supplied to the load by the alternators operating in parallel
b. The current supplied by the synchronous generator
c. The current circulating in the local circuit of two alternators operating in parallel which brings the
alternators in synchronism once they are out of it.
d. None of the above.
11. When two alternators are operating in proper synchronism, the synchronizing power will be
a) Zero b) Maximum
c) Minimum d) Sum of the output of the two alternators
12. If the voltage of one of the two machines operating in parallel suddenly falls
a. both the machines will stop
b. the machine whose voltage has suddenly decreased, will stop
c. the synchronous torque will come into operation to restore synchronism
d. None of the above.
13. Synchronizing torque will come into operation whenever
a. There is a difference in the magnitude of voltages.
b. There is a phase difference in the voltages.
c. There is a frequency difference between the two voltages..
d. Excitation of one of the alternators is changed.
e. In all of the above cases.
14. If the excitation of one of the alternators operating in parallel is increased while keeping input to its prime-
mover unchanged then the
a. Reactive components of the output will change.
b. active components of the output will change
c. Power factors of the alternators will not change.
d. kva supplied by the alternators will not change
15. Two alternators are operating in parallel. If the power input to the prime-movers of both the alternators is
increased, this will affect change in
a. generated emf
b. frequency
c. terminal voltage
d. all of these
16. If the power input to an alternator operating in parallel with another alternator is increased keeping excitation
constant, then
a. it will share more load and relieve the other alternator of its load
 b. the alternators will be out of synchronism
c. it will share less load
d. the speed of the alternators will increase
17. Two alternators are operating in parallel and sharing a common load. For increasing the load shared by one of
them
a. power input is kept constant and excitation is increased
b. power input is kept constant and excitation is reduced
c. power input is increased keeping excitation constant
d. power input is reduced keeping excitation constant
18. When two alternators are operating in parallel, if the power input to one of the alternators is cut-off, the
alternator will
a. continue to run as a synchronous motor rotating in the same direction
b. continue to run as a synchronous motor rotating in the opposite direction
c. stop running
d. get damaged due to burning of stator and rotor windings
19. An infinite bus-bar has
a. constant voltage
b. constant frequency
c. infinite voltage
d. both a and b
e. both b and c
20. When two alternators are operating in parallel, if the power input to one of the alternators is cut-off, the
alternator will
a. Continue to run as a synchronous motor rotating in the same direction
b. Continue to run as a synchronous motor rotating in opposite direction
c. Stop running
d. Get damaged due to burning of stator and rotor windings
21. A stationary alternator should not be connected to the live bus-bar because
a. it is likely to operate as a synchronous motor
b. it will get short-circuited
c. it will reduce bus-bar voltage
d. all of the above
22. An alternator connected to an infinite bus for a given excitation voltage, will develop maximum output power
when the power angle  and internal angle  are related as
a)  = 1800 –  b)  = 900 –  c)  =  d)  = 1800 – 2

GATE/IES PREVIOUS QUESTIONS

1. A stand alone engine driven Synchronous generator is feeding a partly inductive load. A capacitor is now
connected across the load to completely nullity the inductive current. For this operating condition.
GATE-2003
(a) The field current and fuel input have to be reduced.
(b) The field current & fuel input have to be increased.
(c) The field current has to be increased & fuel input left unaltered.
(d) The field current has to be reduced & fuel input left unaltered.
2. Two 3-phase, Y-connected alternators are to be paralleled to a set of common bus bars. The armature has a per
phase synchronous reactance of 1.7  and negligible armature resistance. The line voltage of the first machine
is adjusted to 3300 V and that of the second machine is adjusted to 3200 V. The machine voltages are in phase
 at the instant they are paralleled. Under this condition, the synchronizing current per phase will be
GATE-2004
(a) 16.98 A (b) 29.41 A (c) 33.96 A (d) 58.82 A

UNIT IV &V
1. An electric motor in which both the rotor and stator fields rotate the same speed is called Synchronous motor.
2. The armature mmf in a synchronous motor aids the rotor mmf when the p.f. is Lagging
3. The maximum power in cylindrical and salient pole machine in obtained respectively at load angle of 900&
less than 900
4. A salient pole synchronous motor is fed from infinite bus, and it is running at no load. If its field current is
reduced to zero, then motor would ________________
a) Stop b) run at a reduced speed
c) Run at synchronous speed d) run above synchronous speed.
5. The angle between the synchronously rotating stator flux and rotor poles of a synchronous motor is called
_____________ angle.
a) Synchronizing b) Torque
c) Power factor d) Slip
6. If load angle of a 4-pole synchronous motor is 80 (elect), its value in mechanical degrees is 40 mechanical
7. Synchronous motor draws minimum current when the Power factor of the load is UPF

8. If the field of a synchronous motor is under excited, the power factor will be Lagging pf
9. An over excited synchronous motors draws currents at
a) Lagging p.f b) Leading p.f
c) Unity p,f d) Depends on the nature of the load.
10. With the increase in the excitation current of synchronous motor the power factor of the motor will be
increase and then decrease
11. A synchronous motor on no-load can be used as synchronous condenser when the p.f. is Leading
12. A synchronous motor is running clockwise. If the direction of its field current is reversed, the motor would
_____________
a) Come to stop b) Run in the reversed
c) Run in the same direction but at a slightly reduced speed.
d) Run in the same direction but at a slightly reduced speed.
13. How do you reverse the direction of rotator on Synchronous motor?
14. The armature current of the synchronous motor has large values for ___________
a) Low excitation only
b) High excitation only
c) Both high and low excitation
15. In a 3-phase synchronous motor, the magnitude of field flux ,
a) Varies with speed
b) Varies with load
c) Remains constant at all loads
d) Varies with power factor
16. The locus of the armature current of a synchronous motor when the power developed is constant is
Semicircle
17. A synchronous motor without D.C excitation is called Induction Motor.
18. For a salient pole type synchronous motor operating at lagging p.f, the excitation emf E is given by
___________________
a) V cos  – Id Xd (b) V cos  – Iara –Id X d
 c) V cos  – raIq – Id X q (d) V cos  – raId – Iq X d
19. Why synchronous motors are not self-starting? Due to Alternating torque
20. In synchronous motor hunting is prevented by using Damper winding
21. A synchronous induction motor in normally fed with
(a) A.C to stator and rotor (b) A. C stator and D.C. to rotor
(c) D.C to stator and a.c to rotor. (d) Superimposed a.c and d.c to the stator.
22. For a given excitation, when the Power Circle touches the excitation circle, the power developed by a
synchronous motor will be
(a) Maximum (b) Minimum (c) Zero (d) None of the above

23. The radius of Power circle of synchronous motor with armature resistance? Phase operating with V volts
across the lines and power developed in zero is
a) V/ Ra b) V/ 2Ra c) 0 d) V/ 4Ra
24. When a 3-phase synchronous motor is driving a constant load torque and taking power from the infinite bus
at leading p.f, if the excitation is increased then,
(a) Armature current increases (b) Armature current decreases
(c) Armature current increases but p.f decreases.
(d) Armature current decreases but p.f increases.
25. A synchronous -induction motor
a) Starts as a synchronous motor but runs as an induction motor.
b) Starts as an induction motor but runs as synchronous motor
c) Starts as an induction motor but runs at double the synchronous speed.
d) Has the combined characteristics of synchronous motor and induction motor.

GATE/IES PREVIOUS QUESTIONS

Statement for Linked Answer Questions i and ii.

1. A synchronous motor is connected to an infinite bus at 1.0 pu voltage and draws 0.6 pu current at unity power
factor. Its synchronous reactance is 1.0 pu and resistance is negligible. The excitation voltage (E) and load angle
() will respectively be GATE-2008
(a) 0.8 pu and 36.860 lag (b) 08 pu and 36.860 lead
0
(c) 1.17 pu and 30.96 load (d) 1.17 pu and 30.960 lag
2. Keeping the excitation voltage same, the load on the motor is increased such that the motor current increases by
20%. The operating power factor will become GATE-2008
(a) 0.995 lagging (b) 0.995 leading (c) 0.791 lagging (d) 0.848 leading
3. 3. A 3 phase, 400 v, 5kW, star connected synchronous motor having an internal reactance of 10  is operating
at 50% load, unity pf. Now, the excitation is increased by 1%. What will be the new load in percent, if the
power factor is to kept same? Neglect all lossed and consider linear magnetic circuit. GATE-2006
(a) 67.9% (b) 56.9%
(c) 51% (d) 50%
4. A three-phase synchronous motor connected to ac mains is running at full load unity power factor. If its shaft
load is reduced by half, with field current held. constant, its new power factor will be GATE-
2007
(a) unity (b) leading
(c) lagging (d) dependent on machine parameters

GATE/IES PREVIOUS QUESTIONS

1. A single phase induction motor with only main winding excited would exhibit the following response at
synchronous speed GATE-2003
(a) Rotor current is zero
(b) Rotor current is non-zero and is at slip frequency
 (c) Forward and backward totaling fields are equal
(d) Forward rotating field is more than
2. The type of single-phase induction motor having the highest power factor at full load is GATE-
2004
(a) shaded pole type (b) split-phase type
(c) capacitor-start type (d) capacitor-run type
3. For a single phase capacitor start induction motor which of the following statements is valid? GATE-2006
(a) The capacitor is used for power factor improvement
(b) The direction of rotation can be changed by reversing the main winding terminals.
(c) The direction of rotation cannot be changed
(d) The direction of rotation can be changed by interchanging the supply terminals.
4. A single-phase, 230 V, 50 Hz, 4 pole, capacitor-start induction motor has the following stand-still impedances
Main winding Zm= 6.0 + j4.0 
Auxiliary winding Za= 8.0 + j6.0  The value of the starting capacitor required to produce 90 0 phase
difference between the currents in the main and auxiliary windings will be GATE-2004
(a) 176.84 F (b) 187.24 F (c) 265.26 F (d) 280.86 F
5. In a single phase induction motor driving a fan load, the reason for having a high resistance rotor is to achieve
GATE-2005
(a) low starting torque (b) quick acceleration
(c) high efficiency (d) reduced size
6. 230 V, 50 Hz, 4 pole, single-phase induction motor is rotating in the clockwise (forward) direction at a speed of
1425 rpm. If the rotor resistance at standstill is 7.8, then the effective rotor resistance in the backward branch
of the equivalent circuit will be GATE-2008
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 78 (d) 156
7. A 200 V, 50 Hz, single-phase induction motor has the following connection diagram and winding orientations
shown. MM’ is the axis of the main stator winding (M 1M2) and AA’ is that of the auxiliary winding (A1A2).
Directions of the winding axis indicate direction of flux when currents in the windings are in the directions
shown. Parameters of each winding are indicated. When switch S is closed, the motor GATE-
2009

(a) Rotates clockwise

(b) Rotates anticlockwise
(c) Does not rotate
(d) Rotates momentarily and comes to a halt

8. The armature resistance of a permanent magnet dc motor is 0.8. At no load, the motor draws 1.5A from a
supply voltage of 25 V and runs at 1500 rpm. The efficiency of the motor while it is operating on load at 1500
rpm drawing a current of 3.5 A from the same source will be GATE-2004
(a) 48.0% (b) 57.1% (c) 59.2% (d) 88.8%
8. In a stepper motor, the detent torque means GATE-2008
(a) Minimum of the static torque with the phase winding excited.
(b) Maximum of the static torque with the phase winding excited.
(c) Minimum of the static torque with the phase winding unexcited.
(d) ) Maximum of the static torque with the phase winding unexcited.
9. For a 1.80, 2-phase bipolar stepper motor, the stepping rate is 100 steps/second. The rotational speed of the
motor in rpm is GATE-2004
(a) 15 (b) 30 (c) 60 (d) 90
10. In relation to the synchronous machines, which one of the following statements is false? GATE-2005
(a) In salient pole machines, the direct- axis synchronous reactance is greater than the quadrature-axis
synchronous reactance.
a. The damper bars help the synchronous motor self-start.
 b. Short circuit ratio is the ratio of the field current required to produce the rated voltage onopen circuit to the
rated armature current.
c. The V-curve of a synchronous motor represents the variation in
11. The armature current with field excitation, at a given output power 5.A 3, 3 stack, variable reluctance step
motor has 20 poles on each rotor and stator stack. The step angle of this step motor is GATE-2007
(a) 30 (b) 60 (c) 90 (d) 180

IX. WEBSITES:
1. www.jntuworld.com
2. http://nptel.ac.in/downloads/108105053/
3. http://uav.ece.nus.edu.sg/~bmchen/courses/EG1108_Transformers.pdf
4. http://www.iitkgp.ernet.in/
5. http://www.iitk.ac.in/
6. http://www.iitb.ac.in/
7. http://www.iitd.ac.in/

X. JOURNALS:
1. www.ieee.org
2. www.worldscientific.com
3. www.springer.com
4. www.sciencedirect.com

XI. LIST OF TOPICS FOR STUDENT SEMINARS:

1. Study of Losses &charactristics
2. Testing of Induction motor
3. Speed control of induction machines
4. Circle diagram construction

XII. CASE STUDIES/SMALL PROJECTS

1. Testing of transformer oil
2. Protection of transformer through relays
3. Speed control of induction motor