STEP 2 GRAMMAR PRESENTATION

PASSIVES: PART 1
Active Sentences

v Be/Get + Past
Subject Verb Object Subject Participle (By + Agent)
Cooper hijacked the plane. The plane was hijacked by Cooper.
Someone | found the bills. The bills were found.
Authorities | never solve | some crimes. Some crimes | never get solved | (by authorities).

Passive Verb Forms

Be (not) Past Participle

Simple Present is (not)
Present Progressive is (not) being
Simple Past was (not)
Past Progressive was (not) being
The crime will (not) be investigated (by the new team).
ane is (not) going to be
Present Perfect has (not) been
Past Perfect had (not) been
Future Perfect will (not) have been

The Passive with Modals

Modals Be/ Have been Past Participle

can (not)
may (not)
might (not)
should (not) be in the future.
ought (not) to
must (not)
The case
had better (not) reopened

could (not)
might (not)
must (not) have been years ago.
should (not)
ought (not) to

The Passive Causative

Subject Have/Get Object Past Participle | (By + Agent)

We had the evidence checked by experts.
She has had the note analyzed.
They got the report printed by professionals.
He is going to get a copy made.
 GRAMMAR NOTES
Passive Voice vs. Active Voice

A sentence in the passive voice has a corresponding sentence in the active voice. In an
active sentence, the subject acts upon the object of the sentence. In a passive sentence,
the subject is acted upon by the agent.
SUBJECT OBJECT
* active The police catch some criminals.
SUBJECT AGENT
* passive Some criminals are caught by the police.

The subject of the active sentence becomes the AGENT

agent (preceded by the preposition by) in the Some criminals are caught by the police.
passive sentence, or disappears. Some criminals are caught.

Transitive verbs are followed by an object. They returned the clothes to the store. (transitive)
Intransitive verbs are not followed by an object. They returned home late in the evening. (intransitive)
Many verbs can be used both transitively and
intransitively.

C2CTEZD Only transitive verbs can be made Several people died in the accident.
passive. Intransitive verbs cannot be NOT Several people were died in the accident.
made passive.

Forms of the Passive

To form passive sentences, use be + past participle or get + past participle. They occur
in present, past, and future forms, as well as in the progressive.
* present Police officers are well trained. They get tested on
the job almost daily.
* past The suspect was arrested yesterday. He got caught
committing a crime.
¢ future He will be held in the local jail. He’ll get
charged soon.

To make a negative passive sentence, place not Cooper has not been caught.
after the first verb. The man did not get killed in the robbery.

To form progressive passive sentences, use The prisoner is currently being questioned.
being + past participle. The suspect is being held in prison.

(3°34 Use the present progressive and past The robbery occurred while the money was being
progressive passives to describe actions in taken to a bank.
progress (= not finished) at a certain time.
 Uses of the Passive

You can use the passive in the following

situations:
* when you don’t know who performed the The money was stolen.
action or it is not important to say who The plane was refueled.
performed it

* when you want to avoid mentioning who Information is known that hasn’t been released.
performed the action (We don’t want to say who hasn't released it.)
| was given some bad advice.
(We don’t want to say who gave the advice.)

* when you want to focus on the receiver RECEIVER RESULT AGENT

or the result of an action instead of on The thief = was caught.
the agent Emma was written _ by Jane Austen.
(focus on the title of the novel)

The Passive with a By Phrase

You can use a by phrase in the following

situations:
* when you introduce new information about The money was stolen by a person who has a
the agent criminal record.

¢ when you want to credit or identify The bills were photocopied by FBI agents.
someone who did something

¢ when the agent is surprising | The money was found by a little boy.

Remember, you can omit the by phrase in a Why hasn't this crime been solved?
passive sentence if you feel it is unnecessary or
undesirable to mention the agent.

Direct and Indirect Objects as Passive Subjects

Most commonly, direct objects of active sentences become subjects of their corresponding
passive sentences. However, indirect objects can also be subjects of passive sentences.
direct object > subject DIRECT OBJECT
The police arrested the suspect.
SUBJECT
The suspect was arrested by the police.

* indirect object > subject INDIRECT OBJECT

The FBI gave the money to Cooper.
SUBJECT
Cooper was given the money by the FBI.
 Passives with Modals

We often use modals and modal-like auxiliaries in the passive.

To form the present passive with a modal, use The criminal should be arrested.
the modal + be + past participle.

To form the past passive with a modal, use the He could have been arrested before this.
modal + have been + past participle.

Use have (got) to, had better, had to, must, should, The charges had to be dropped.
and ought to in passive sentences to express Criminal suspects must be charged.
obligation, necessity, and advisability.

Use can and could to express present and Suspects can’t be kept in jail.
past ability. The thief could have been caught.

Use will and be going to to talk about This prisoner will be tried.
future events. The suspects are going to be released.

Use can’t, could, may, and might to talk about The mystery may never be solved.
future possibility and impossibility. He can’t be released from jail this year.

Get-passive vs. Be-passive

The get-passive gives a sense of a process someone or something goes through; that is,
it shows change. The be-passive often shows the result of a process.
(SES We often use the get-passive in The prisoners get fed every evening.
conversation. It is rare in more formal writing. Right now, the Blue Team is getting beaten in the
soccer game.

C&S Although you can use the be-passive More research is needed about the causes of crime.
both with action and non-action verbs, use NOT More research gets needed about the causes
get-passive only with active verbs. of crime.

Forms of the Passive Causative

Use have and get to form the passive causative in the past, present, future, and with
modals. There is usually little difference in meaning between the causative with have
and with get.
* have + past participle You should have your car serviced.
* get + past participle | just got my best suit dry-cleaned.
* past causative We had the windows washed.
* present causative | get my car tuned up twice a year.
* future causative She’s going to get her hair cut.
* modal causative We should have our house remodeled.
 Uses of the Passive Causative

Use the passive causative to talk about services or activities that people arrange for
someone else to do.
The passive causative can occur with a by phrase, | The detective had the evidence analyzed.
but this phrase is often omitted. Sometimes criminals get their hair dyed.
| got my photos developed at the drugstore.

Use the by phrase only when it is necessary to We had our house inspected by Jim.
mention the agent.

Note that the passive causative has a different | got the work done by a mechanic.
meaning from the expression to get something (passive causative)
done, which means to finish something. | got the work done by noon.
(I finished the work myself by 12 p.m.)

32M «Don't confuse the simple past causative | SIMPLE PAST CAUSATIVE
with the past perfect. They had the grass cut.
(Someone else cut the grass)
PAST PERFECT
They had cut the grass.
(They had done this before a specific time in
the past.)
 STEP 2 GRAMMAR PRESENTATION

PASSIVES: PART 2
Describing Situations or States
Passive Sentences*

Subject Be + Past Participle | Prepositional Phrase

The people | are related (to each other).
The country | is composed of two regions.
The island is connected to the mainland.
The capital was located in the South.
* There is no active equivalent to this type of passive sentence. Therefore,
there is also no agent that could be expressed with by + agent.

Reporting Opinions or Ideas

Subject Verb That Clause

say
- think (that) the people came from
Some anthropologists believe somewhere to the east.
allege

Passive Sentences with /t + That Clause

It Be + Past Participle | (By + Agent) That Clause

is said
is thought (that) the people came f rom
(by some anthropologists)
is believed somewhere to the east.
is alleged

Passive Sentences with To Phrase

Subject Be + Past Participle | (By + Agent) To Phrase

are said
The people are thought (by some anthropologists) to have come from somewhere to
are believed the east.
are alleged
 lOMoARcPSD|23526135

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4 Virtual
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4 21
21 15-22
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Ingles (Universidad Señor de Sipán)

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4 21:15-22:45
21:15-22:45

Quiz
Quiz 4
4
Due
Due No
No due
due date
date Points
Points 8
8 Questions
Questions 8
8 Time
Time Limit
Limit 10
10 Minutes
Minutes

Instructions
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Instructions:
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In this
this quiz
quiz you
you will
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contents of
of the
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course.
« There
There are
are 8
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multiple choice
choice items.
items.
You will
¢ You will have
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minutes to
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Good
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luck!

Attempt
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1 8
8 minutes
minutes 7
7 out
out of
of 8
8

@®) Correct
 Correct answers
answers are
are hidden.
hidden.

Submitted Apr 26
Submitted Apr 26 at
at 10:31pm
10:31pm

Question
Question 11 11/1
/ 1 pts
pts

Choose
Choose the
the correct
correct answer:
answer:

Ann has
Ann has had
had ___________ for
for Lisa’s
Lisa’s wedding.
wedding.

a
a dress
dress make
make

make
make a
a dress
dress

made
made a
a dress
dress

a
a dress
dress made
made

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22:34 Quiz
Quiz 4:
4: Virtual
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Avanzado 4
4 21:15-22:45
21:15-22:45

Incorrect
Question
Question 2
2 0 / 1 pts
0/1 pts
»)
5
)

2)
o

Choose
Choose the
the correct
correct answer:
answer:

The
The teenagers
teenagers ___________________ by
by the
the police,
police, but
but their
their lawyer
lawyer showed
showed up
up and
and
opposed
opposed before
before they
they started.
started.

were
were going
going to
to interrogate
interrogate

were
were going
going to
to be
be interrogated
interrogated

had
had been
been interrogated
interrogated

were
were interrogated
interrogated

Question
Question 33 11/1
/ 1 pts
pts

Choose
Choose the
the correct
correct answer:
answer:

The
The Nazca
Nazca Lines
Lines awaken
awaken people’s
people’s curiosity.
curiosity. Many
Many stories
stories ____________ about
about their
their
origins.
origins.

been
been told
told

told
told

have
have been
been told
told

have
have told
told

Question
Question 4
4 11/1
/ 1 pts
pts
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22:34 Quiz
Quiz 4:
4: Virtual
Virtual 202204
202204 Avanzado
Avanzado 4
4 21:15-22:45
21:15-22:45

Choose
Choose the
the correct
correct answer:
answer:

The
The suspect
suspect __________ to
to the
the police
police station
station immediately
immediately after
after the
the crime.
crime. They
They
found him
found him right
right away.
away.

must
must bring
bring

was
was brought
brought

is
is brought
brought

brought
brought

Question
Question 5
5 11/1
/ 1 pts
pts

Choose
Choose the
the correct
correct answer:
answer:

Not
Not much
much __________ about
about the
the local
local crimes
crimes ifif the
the police
police department
department is
is not well
not well
organized.
organized.

might
might be
be done
done

should
should be
be done
done

can
can be
be done
done

can
can do
do

Question
Question 6
6 11/1
/ 1 pts
pts

Choose
Choose the
the correct
correct answer:
answer:

AA new
new school
school ___________ these
these days for the
days for the younger
younger kids
kids in
in my
my community.
community.
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26/4/22,
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22:34 Quiz
Quiz 4:
4: Virtual
Virtual 202204
202204 Avanzado
Avanzado 4
4 21:15-22:45
21:15-22:45

had
had been
been built
built

is
is being
being built
built

was
was built
built

is
is building
building

Question
Question 7
7 11/1
/ 1 pts
pts

Choose
Choose the
the correct
correct answer:
answer:

They
They had
had the
the work
work _______ by
by a
a professional.
professional.

did
did

doing
doing

done
done

do
do

Question
Question 8
8 11/1
/ 1 pts
pts

Choose
Choose the
the correct
correct answer:
answer:

The
The new
new grammar
grammar book
book ___________ to
to students
students next
next month.
month.

should
should offer
offer

should
should be
be offered
offered

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Quiz 4:
4: Virtual
Virtual 202204
202204 Avanzado
Avanzado 4
4 21:15-22:45
21:15-22:45

should
should have
have offered
offered

should
should be
be offering
offering

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Quiz
Quiz 4
4 -- ICPNA
ICPNA

Ingles (Universidad Señor de Sipán)

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Question 1 1/1 pts

Read the question/statement and choose the correct answer.

Crime is increasing at an __ rate,

alarming

Question 2 1/1pts

Read the question/statement and choose the correct answer.

My cousin is going to buy a / an __ engagement ring.

expensive white gold

Question 3 1/1pts

Read the question/statement and choose the correct answer.

I just found a ID in the restroom. Where should | leave it?

new student

Question 4 1/1pts

Read the question/statement and choose the correct answer.

Maria is the one always finishes first.

that

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Question 5 1/1pts

Read the question/statement and choose the correct answer.

I recently bought a __ jacket on sale.

denim beauttft

beautiful denim

Question 6 1/1pts

Read the question/statement and choose the correct answer.

The director used ___ images to create a whole new universe in film.

computer-generated

Question 7 1/1pts

Read the question/statement and choose the correct answer.

Patty is a person being part of a team.

who enjoys

Question 8 1/1pts

Read the question/statement and choose the correct answer.

Mario Vargas Llosa,___ is the famous author of Conversation in the

Cathedral, was a presidential candidate in 1990.

who

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Advanced
Advanced 04 AG1 QUIZ
04 AG1 QUIZ 4
4 -- qUIZ
qUIZ

Business English (Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas)

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25/4/22, 19:58 Quiz 4: Virtual 202204 Avanzado 4 19:30-22:45

Quiz 4
Due Apr 25 at 8pm Points 8 Questions 8 Time Limit 10 Minutes

Instructions

Instructions:

¢ In this quiz you will be evaluated on the contents of the course.

¢« There are 8 multiple choice items.
¢« You will have 10 minutes to take it.

Good luck!

Attempt History
Attempt Time Score

LATEST Attempt 1. 9 minutes 6 out

of 8

@®) Correct answers are hidden.

Submitted Apr 25 at 7:57pm

Question 1 0/1 pts

Choose the correct answer:

Ann has had for Lisa’s wedding.

a dress made

made a dress

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25/4/22, 19:58 Quiz 4: Virtual 202204 Avanzado 4 19:30-22:45

make a dress

a dress make

meorrect Question 2 0/1 pts

Choose the correct answer:

The new grammar book to students next month.

should have offered

should be offered

should be offering

should offer

Question 3 1/1 pts

Choose the correct answer:

Not much about the local crimes if the police department is not well

organized.

can be done

might be done

can do

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25/4/22, 19:58 Quiz 4: Virtual 202204 Avanzado 4 19:30-22:45

should be done

Question 4 1/1 pts

Choose the correct answer:

The suspect to the police station immediately after the crime. They found
him right away.

was brought

brought

is brought

must bring

Question 5 1/1 pts

Choose the correct answer:

| saw in the news that the robber through the bank cameras before the

alarm went off.

was being seen

had been seen

seen

has been seen

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25/4/22, 19:58 Quiz 4: Virtual 202204 Avanzado 4 19:30-22:45

Question 6 1/1 pts

Choose the correct answer:

The witness at a beauty salon to protect her identity during the six months

of the trial.

should cut her hair

had her hair cut

will not have cut her hair

has cut her hair

Question 7 1/1 pts

Choose the correct answer:

The new secretary made a lot of serious mistakes. | think she better.

is training

was being trained

is trained

should’ve been trained

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25/4/22, 19:58 Quiz 4: Virtual 202204 Avanzado 4 19:30-22:45

Question 8 1/1 pts

Choose the correct answer:

The soldiers given a gold medal after the war ended.

got

had

was

were

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Quiz
Quiz 4
4 avanzado
avanzado 4
4

Ingles (Universidad Señor de Sipán)

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Question 1 1/1 pts

Choose the correct answer:

The FBI the victims out of the country.

flew

aw” Question 2 0/1 pts

Choose the correct answer:

Ann has had _ for Lisa’s wedding.

made a dress

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Question 3 1/1 pts

Choose the correct answer:

The witness at a beauty salon to protect her identity during the six months of the trial.

will not have cut her hair

should cut her hair

had her hair cut

has cut her hair

Question 4 1/1pts

Choose the correct answer:

The door opened from the inside. It was locked.

ought not to be

might not be

couldn't have been

will not have been

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Question 5 1/1 pts

Choose the correct answer:

Anew school these days for the younger kids in my community.

is being built

Question 6 1/1 pts

Choose the correct answer:

The Colombian President ______—_—s by Monica Delta right after he in Lima.

was interviewed - arrived

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Question 7 1/1 pts

Choose the correct answer:

The new grammar book to students next month.

should be offering

should have offered

should be offered

should offer

Question 8 1/1 pts

Choose the correct answer:

The suspect ___ to the police station immediately after the crime. They found him right away.

brought

must bring

was brought

is brought

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