Name: ______________________________________

SR Code: ____________
Section: _____________
PROBLEM SET 1

[This is an individual requirement. Problem set must be a handwritten (typed problem set will not
be accepted) and graphing, if any, must be done manually in graph-paper. Late submission will be
penalized]. Due date is on October 13, 2023, 12:00 noon.

1. A well is producing at a constant flow rate of 400 STB/day under unsteady-state (transient)
flow condition. Properties of the reservoir are in the following Table. Assume that the
reservoir is infinite acting

Properties Values
Oil formation volume factor, Bo 1.25 res. bbl/STB
Permeability, k 200 md
Porosity, φ 15 %
Viscosity, µo 1.5 cp
Pay thickness, h 15 ft
Wellbore radius, rw 0.25 ft
Total compressibility factor, ct 12 x 10-6 psi-1
Initial reservoir pressure, pi 5000 psi

After 1 hour of production & using the Ei-function approach (Line Source Approach), find:

i. the bottom-hole flowing pressure, Pwf

ii. the pressure at 100 ft radius

iii. what would the reservoir pressure be at 5000 ft radius?

iv. plot the graph of P vs. radial distance at 1 hour.

Note: Solution to the diffusivity equation as proposed by Mathews and Russel (1967) is
given below and the graphical Ei-function is attached.

 70.6Qo µ o Bo   − 948φµo ct r 
2
p(r , t ) = pi +   Ei  
 kh   kt 
948φµct r 2
x=
kt
when x is less than 0.01, then Ei (− x) = ln(1.781x) ,
 PAM5133-RESERVOIR ENGINEERING 1 (May 2017)

∞
e −u
when 0.01<x<3.0 then, Ei(-x) is estimated from the correlation, − ∫ du
x
u

when x is more than 10.9, then Ei (−x) = 0

2. A well is producing at a constant flow rate of 400 STB/day under unsteady-state (transient)
flow condition. Properties of the reservoir are in the following Table. Assume that the
reservoir is infinite acting

Properties Values
Oil formation volume factor, Bo 1.25 res. bbl/STB
Permeability, k 40 md
Porosity, φ 20 %
Viscosity, µo 1.5 cp
Pay thickness, h 15 ft
Wellbore radius, rw 0.25 ft
Total compressibility factor, ct 12 x 10-6 psi-1
Initial reservoir pressure, pi 5000 psi

After 24 hours of production & using the Ei-function approach (Line Source Approach),
find:

i. the bottom-hole flowing pressure, Pwf

ii. the pressure at 100 ft radius

iii. what would the reservoir pressure be at 5000 ft radius?

iv. plot the graph of P vs. radial distance at 24 hours.

3. A reservoir at an initial pressure, Pi of 83 bar produces to a well 15 cm diameter. The

reservoir external radius is 150 m. Other reservoir data is given in the following table.

i. Calculate the pressure at the wellbore (Pwf) after 0.01 hour, 1 hour, and 10 hours
of production at 23 m3/day.

ii. Plot Pwf vs. time

 PAM5133-RESERVOIR ENGINEERING 1 (May 2017)

RESERVOIR DATA

porosity, ∅ 21%
formation volume factor, Bo 1.13 res m3/ stb
net thickness of formation, h 53 m
viscosity of reservoir oil, µ 10 x 10-3 Pa.s
wellbore radius, rw 0.075 m
external radius, re 150 m
initial reservoir pressure , Pi 83 bar
permeability, k 140 mD
compressibility, c 0.2 x 10-7 Pa-1

kt
Dimensionless time t D =
φµct rw2
For tD less than 1000, refer to table by Hurst and Everdingen (attached).
For tD more than 1000, estimate PD by 0.5(ln tD + 0.80907).

re
Dimensionless radius, reD = (i.e. checking the flow is transient or pseudo-steady state)
rw

Pi − P(r , t )
Dimensionless pressure is defined by PD =
Q B µ 
 o o o
 2πkh 
where parameters are in SI (metric) units (i.e. pressure in Pa, radial distance in m,
time in second, flow rate in m3/s, viscosity in Pa.s, permeability in m2, and thickness
in m)

Hints: 1 Darcy = 0.98696 x 10-12 m2

1 bar = 105 Pa
 PAM5133-RESERVOIR ENGINEERING 1 (May 2017)

Hurst and Van Everdingen’s solution fot Constant Terminal Rate

 PAM5133-RESERVOIR ENGINEERING 1 (May 2017)

4. A reservoir at an initial pressure, Pi of 83 bar produces to a well 15 cm diameter. The

reservoir external radius is 150 m. Other reservoir data is given in the following table.

i. Calculate the pressure at the wellbore (Pwf) after 0.01 hour, 1 hour, and 10 hours
of production at 23 m3/day.

ii. Plot Pwf vs. time

RESERVOIR DATA

porosity, ∅ 11%
formation volume factor, Bo 1.13 res m3/ stb
net thickness of formation, h 53 m
viscosity of reservoir oil, µ 10 x 10-3 Pas
wellbore radius, rw 0.075 m
external radius, re 150 m
initial reservoir pressure , Pi 83 bar
permeability, k 50 Md
compressibility, c 0.2 x 10-7 Pa-1

kt
Dimensionless time, t D =
φµct rw2
For tD less than 1000, refer to table by Hurst and Everdinger (attached).
For tD more than 1000, estimate PD by 0.5(ln tD + 0.80907).

re
Dimensionless radius, reD = (i.e. checking the flow is transient or pseudo-steady state)
rw

Pi − P(r , t )
Dimensionless pressure is defined by PD =
 Qo B o µ o 
 
 2πkh 
where parameters are in SI (metric) units (i.e. pressure in Pa, radial distance in m,
time in second, flow rate in m3/s, viscosity in Pa.s, permeability in m2, and thickness
in m)

Hints: 1 Darcy = 0.98696 x 10-12 m2

1 bar = 105 Pa
 PAM5133-RESERVOIR ENGINEERING 1 (May 2017)

5. A gas well with a wellbore radius of 0.25 ft is producing at a constant flow rate of 4000
MScf/day under transient flow conditions. The initial shut-in pressure is 4400 psi at 140
o
F. The formation permeability and thickness are 20 md and 5 ft respectively. The porosity
is recorded as 15%. Properties of the gas well as well as values of real gas potential m(p)
as a function of pressures are shown in the following Table. Assume that the initial total
isothermal compressibility is 3 x 10-4 psi-1. Equations applicable for compressible fluids
are given below.

i. Calculate the bottom hole flowing pressure, Pwf after 1.5 hours, 5 hours and 24
hours

ii. Plot Pwf vs. time.

iii. Comment on your findings.

Pressure µg (cp) z m(p) psi2/cp

0 0.01270 1.000 0.000
400 0.01286 0.937 13.2 x 106
800 0.01390 0.882 52.0 x 106
1200 0.01530 0.832 113.1 x 106
1600 0.01680 0.794 198.0 x 106
2000 0.01840 0.770 304.0 x 106
2400 0.02010 0.763 422.0 x 106
2800 0.02170 0.775 542.4 x 106
3200 0.02340 0.797 678.0 x 106
3600 0.02500 0.797 816.0 x 106
4000 0.02660 0.860 950.0 x 106
4400 0.02831 0.896 1089.0 x 106

0.000264kt
Dimensionless time t D = , where units of parameters are: k (md), t (hour), µ
φµ i cti rw2
(cp), c (psi-1), r (ft)

Euler’s constant, γ = e 0.5772

Real gas potential (i.e Exact solution to the diffusivity equation), m(p)
 1637Q g T   4t D 
m( p wf ) = m( pi ) −   log  , where T (oR)
 kh   γ 

Hint: oR = oF + 460o
 PAM5133-RESERVOIR ENGINEERING 1 (May 2017)

6. A gas well with a wellbore radius of 0.25 ft is producing at a constant flow rate of 4000
MScf/day under transient flow conditions. The initial shut-in pressure is 4400 psi at 140
o
F. The formation permeability and thickness are 200 md and 10 ft respectively. The
porosity is recorded as 15 %. Properties of the gas well as well as values of real gas
potential m(p) as a function of pressures are shown in the following Table. Assume that
the initial total isothermal compressibility is 3 x 10-4 psi-1. Equations applicable for
compressible fluids are given below.

i. Calculate the bottom hole flowing pressure, Pwf after 1.5 hours, 5 hours and 24
hours

ii. Plot Pwf vs. time.

iii. Comment on your findings.

Pressure µg (cp) z m(p) psi2/cp

0 0.01270 1.000 0.000
400 0.01286 0.937 13.2 x 106
800 0.01390 0.882 52.0 x 106
1200 0.01530 0.832 113.1 x 106
1600 0.01680 0.794 198.0 x 106
2000 0.01840 0.770 304.0 x 106
2400 0.02010 0.763 422.0 x 106
2800 0.02170 0.775 542.4 x 106
3200 0.02340 0.797 678.0 x 106
3600 0.02500 0.797 816.0 x 106
4000 0.02660 0.860 950.0 x 106
4400 0.02831 0.896 1089.0 x 106

0.000264kt
Dimensionless time t D = , where units of parameters are: k (md), t (hour), µ
φµ i cti rw2
(cp), c (psi-1), r (ft)

Euler’s constant, γ = e 0.5772

Real gas potential (i.e Exact solution to the diffusivity equation), m(p)
 1637Q g T   4t D 
m( p wf ) = m( pi ) −   log  , where T (oR)
 kh   γ 

Hint: oR = oF + 460o
 PAM5133-RESERVOIR ENGINEERING 1 (May 2017)

7. An Oil well is developed on the center of a 50-acre square-drilling pattern. The well is
producing at a constant flow rate of 800 STB/day under a semi steady-state condition. The
reservoir has the following properties:

𝜙𝜙 20%
H 30ft
K 200mD
µ 1.5cp
𝐵𝐵𝑜𝑜 1.2bbl/STB
𝐶𝐶𝑡𝑡 25*10−6 psi−1
𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖 4500psi
𝑟𝑟𝑤𝑤 0.25ft
A 50 acres

i. Calculate the bottom-hole flowing pressure at 10, 20, 50 and 100 hr.

ii. Plot the bottom-hole flowing pressure as a function of time

iii. Based on the plot, calculate the pressure decline rate.

iv. What is the decline in the average reservoir pressure from t=10 to t=200 hr?

Expression of Pwf, as derived from the solution to the diffusivity equation with shape factor
effect is,

 0.23396QBt  162.6QBµ  4A 
p wf =  pi − − log  2 
 Ahφct  kh 1.781C A rw 

Where

k = permeability, md
A = drainage area, ft2
CA = shape factor, from the given Appendices
Q = flow rate, STB/day
t = time, hr
𝐶𝐶𝑡𝑡 = total compressibility coefficient, psi-1

Hints: 1 acre = 43,560 ft2

 PAM5133-RESERVOIR ENGINEERING 1 (May 2017)

8. An Oil well is developed on the center of a 40-acre hexagonal-drilling pattern. The well is
producing at a constant flow rate of 800 STB/day under a semi steady-state condition. The
reservoir has the following properties:

𝜙𝜙 10%
H 30ft
K 200mD
µ 1.5cp
𝐵𝐵𝑜𝑜 1.2bbl/STB
𝐶𝐶𝑡𝑡 25*10−6 psi−1
𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖 4500psi
𝑟𝑟𝑤𝑤 0.25ft
A 40 acres

i. Calculate the bottom-hole flowing pressure at 10, 20, 50 and 100 hr

ii. Plot the bottom-hole flowing pressure as a function of time

iii. Based on the plot, calculate the pressure decline rate.

iv. What is the decline in the average reservoir pressure from t=10 to t=200 hr?

Expression of Pwf, as derived from the solution to the diffusivity equation with shape factor
effect is,

 0.23396QBt  162.6QBµ  4A 
p wf =  pi − − log  2 
 Ahφct  kh 1.781C A rw 

Where

k = permeability, md
A = drainage area, ft2
CA = shape factor, From the given Appendices
Q = flow rate, STB/day
t = time, hr
𝐶𝐶𝑡𝑡 = total compressibility coefficient, psi-1

Hints: 1 acre = 43,560 ft2

 PAM5133-RESERVOIR ENGINEERING 1 (May 2017)

9. An Oil well is developed on the center of a 40-acre triangle-drilling pattern. The well is
producing at a constant flow rate of 800 STB/day under a semi steady-state condition. The
reservoir has the following properties:

𝜙𝜙 15%
H 30ft
K 200mD
µ 1.5cp
𝐵𝐵𝑜𝑜 1.2bbl/STB
𝐶𝐶𝑡𝑡 25*10−6 psi−1
𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖 4500psi
𝑟𝑟𝑤𝑤 0.25ft
A 40 acres

i. Calculate the bottom-hole flowing pressure at 10, 20, 50 and 100 hr

ii. Plot the bottom-hole flowing pressure as a function of time

iii. Based on the plot, calculate the pressure decline rate.

iv. What is the decline in the average reservoir pressure from t=10 to t=200 hr?

Expression of Pwf, as derived from the solution to the diffusivity equation with shape factor
effect is,

 0.23396QBt  162.6QBµ  4A 
p wf =  pi − − log  2 
 Ahφct  kh 1.781C A rw 

Where

k = permeability, md
A = drainage area, ft2
CA = shape factor, From the given Appendices
Q = flow rate, STB/day
t = time, hr
𝐶𝐶𝑡𝑡 = total compressibility coefficient, psi-1

Hints: 1 acre = 43,560 ft2

 PAM5133-RESERVOIR ENGINEERING 1 (May 2017)

10. An Oil well is developed on the center of a 40-acre rhombus-drilling pattern. The well is
producing at a constant flow rate of 800 STB/day under a semi steady-state condition. The
reservoir has the following properties:

𝜙𝜙 20%
H 30ft
K 200mD
µ 1.5cp
𝐵𝐵𝑜𝑜 1.2bbl/STB
𝐶𝐶𝑡𝑡 25*10−6 psi−1
𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖 4500psi
𝑟𝑟𝑤𝑤 0.25ft
A 40 acres

i. Calculate the bottom-hole flowing pressure at 10, 20, 50 and 100 hr

ii. Plot the bottom-hole flowing pressure as a function of time

iii. Based on the plot, calculate the pressure decline rate.

iv. What is the decline in the average reservoir pressure from t=10 to t=200 hr?