Scribd
Upload
17 views

Unit I Boolean and K-Map Notes

digital unit 1 notes

Uploaded by

N. ANSGAR MARY IT
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
17 views

Unit I Boolean and K-Map Notes

digital unit 1 notes

Uploaded by

N. ANSGAR MARY IT
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

DIGITAL ELECTRONICS

Advantages

The usual advantages of digital circuits when compared to analog circuits are:

Digital systems interface well with computers and are easy to control with software. New features can
often be added to a digital system without changing hardware. Often this can be done outside of the factory by
updating the product's software. So, the product's design errors can be corrected after the product is in a customer's
hands.
Information storage can be easier in digital systems than in analog ones. The noise-immunity of digital
systems permits data to be stored and retrieved without degradation. In an analog system, noise from aging
and wear degrade the information stored. In a digital system, as long as the total noise is below a certain
level, the information can be recovered perfectly.

Robustness
One of the primary advantages of digital electronics is its robustness. Digital electronics are robust because
if the noise is less than the noise margin then the system performs as if there were no noise at all. Therefore,
digital signals can be regenerated to achieve lossless data transmission, within certain limits.
Analog signal transmission and processing, by contrast, always introduces noise.
Disadvantages
In some cases, digital circuits use more energy than analog circuits to accomplish the same tasks, thus
producing more heat as well. In portable or battery-powered systems this can limit use of digital systems.
For example, battery-powered cellular telephones often use a low-power analog front-end to amplify and
tune in the radio signals from the base station. However, a base station has grid power and can use power-
hungry, but very flexible software radios. Such base stations can be easily reprogrammed to process the
signals used in new cellular standards.
Digital circuits are sometimes more expensive, especially in small quantities.
The sensed world is analog, and signals from this world are analog quantities. For example, light,
temperature, sound, electrical conductivity, electric and magnetic fields are analog. Most useful digital
systems must translate from continuous analog signals to discrete digital signals. This causes quantization
errors.
Quantization error can be reduced if the system stores enough digital data to represent the signal to the
desired degree of fidelity. The Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem provides an important guideline as to
how much digital data is needed to accurately portray a given analog signal.
UNIT I -NUMBER SYSTEMS
Numbering System
Many number systems are in use in digital technology. The most
common are the decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal systems.
The decimal system is clearly the most familiar to us because it is a
tool that we use every day. Examining some of its characteristics will
help us to better understand the other systems. In the next few pages
we shall introduce four numerical representation systems that are
used in the digital system. There are other systems, which we will
look at briefly.
 Decimal

 Binary

 Octal

 Hexadecimal

Decimal System
The decimal system is composed of 10 numerals or symbols. These 10 symbols are 0, 1,
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. Using these symbols as digits of a number, we can express any
quantity. The decimal system is also called the base-10 system because it has 10 digits.

103 102 101 100 10-1 10-2 10-3


=1000 =100 =10 =1 . =0.1 =0.01 =0.001
Least
Most Significant
Decimal point Significan
Digit
t Digit

Even though the decimal system has only 10 symbols, any number of any
magnitude can be expressed by using our system of positional weighting.

Decimal Examples

 3.1410

 5210

 102410

 6400010

Binary System
In the binary system, there are only two symbols or possible digit values, 0
and 1. This base-2 system can be used to represent any quantity that can be
represented in decimal or other base system.

23 22 21 20 2-1 2-2 2-3


=8 =4 =2 =1 . =0.5 =0.25 =0.125
Least
Most Significant
Binary point Significan
Digit
t Digit

Binary Counting

You might also like