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Thingspeak-Based Environmental Monitoring System Using IoT

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 2022 Seventh International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Grid Computing (PDGC)

Thingspeak-Based Environmental Monitoring System

Using IoT
Nidhi Sindhwani *Rohit Anand Rashmi Vashisth
2022 Seventh International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Grid Computing (PDGC) | 978-1-6654-5401-8/22/$31.00 ©2022 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/PDGC56933.2022.10053167

AIIT DSEU, G.B.Pant AIIT

Amity University Okhla-1 Campus Amity University
Noida, UP, India New Delhi, India Noida, UP, India
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Sudhir Chauhan Dr. Veera Talukdar Dharmesh Dhabliya

AIAS Registrar Department of IT, Vishwakarma
Amity University Kaziranga University Institute of Information Technology
Noida, UP, India Jorhat, Assam, India Pune, Maharashtra, India
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Abstract—Environmental safety is a significant feature dangerous threat to the human life hence referred to as nuclear
necessary for the healthy life style. Any abnormality in the terrorism or Dirty Bomb causing severe health problems to the
environment changes the atmospheric parameters such as operators involved in the dismantling work [3], there is a need
humidity, temperature, smoke, level of carbon monoxide for automatic detection of the level of radiation in the
and sound. Fatal health issues such as loss or weakening of environment and the power station to ensure the safety of
immunity & infertility occurs due to the different activities human life involved in the power station. Remote detection of
occurring in nuclear power plants such as recycling of radiation level is also required so that experts are able to
nuclear fuel and leakage of radiation that add low levels of monitor from any location.
radiation to the atmosphere. Leakage of nuclear radiation In the present generation everywhere in the world, the people
gets mixed with fresh air in the atmosphere that results into need advanced resources and quality of services. To provide
the increase of temperature, humidity, smoke, level of Quality of Service (QoS), parameters such as Temperature,
carbon monoxide and sound. In this work, a wireless sensor Humidity, LDR, and Pressure are to be monitored for home
network is used for measuring the changes in these automation and apartments in smart cities. For environmental
parameters which in turn are displayed by the Thingspeak checking and monitoring, there is a need of some procedures
Linux based web server available freely. Monitoring of the and activities. The sensing unit [4-6] is made out of
parameters in the environment is based on Internet of temperature sensor, humidity sensor, light sensor, pressure
Things (IoT) as radiation leakage is detected by using sensor, Arduino Uno and Wi-Fi module. By using this Wi-Fi
sensors and is transmitted to the remote location via IoT module, the information between device and Thingspeak
and displayed using Thingspeak web server. cloud can be interchanged. From the base station, this
information is transferred in every couple of seconds to the
Keywords - Thingspeak, IoT, Humidity, Temperature cloud (web) for further monitoring. In this manner, the
parameters got are put away in the cloud stage (Thing speak).
I. INTRODUCTION Thingspeak likewise gives a component to make an open-
based channel to monitor and expect it through the public. By
Human race is continuously under threat due to several using this recent innovative technology i.e. IoT Technology,
changes occurring naturally or due to human activities. the environmental parameters can be monitored to gather the
Environment is polluted by several unwanted wastes that are information from the detecting unit.
making life difficult on earth. Technology plays a significant In this research, data acquisition is done by using sensor-based
role in monitoring such hazards and bringing the permanent networks where real-time information is provided by digital
solutions for such problems. In the nuclear power stations, signal processing system about the level of radiation in the
generally radiator monitoring systems are used for detecting environment. This solution acts as an optimal solution as
the nuclear radiations whenever leakage occurs in the power experts and operators are able to monitor the level of
station [1]. Operators or experts involved in the power station hazardous radiation i.e. real time data on the wireless screen
should monitor the environment continuously and areas from any place in the universe [7]. Compared to the
exposed to radiation that are closer to the power plant. Hence conventional portal radiation monitor, this approach involves
this monitoring process requires a lot of human interventions distributed sensor network which is comparably cheaper.
for detecting the radiation that is dangerous pollutant [2]. Ecological conditions are monitored by wireless sensor
Also, while dismantling the parts of power plant at the end-of- networks [8] without any human intervention where basic
life cycle of power plant, also called as decommissioning, concept of recognizing atomic elements is using Bayesian
huge amount of dangerous radiation is emitted that is creating methodology. Internet of Things (IoT) [9-14] plays significant

978-1-6654-5401-8/22/$31.00
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 2022 Seventh International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Grid Computing (PDGC)

role is transmitting the data collected by the wireless sensors environment is done through website & controlled manually
to remote locations which is displayed using Linux based and automatically by detecting the sensor values. The main
freely available Thingspeak web server. Main goal of this objective of cloud storage environment is to store and process
invention is to provide an effective environmental monitoring the data. Internet of things allows physical devices or things to
system of low cost that can be operated from remote locations act very smartly and make the collaborative decisions which
[15]. This system can generate early warning such as in are beneficial for the different applications. They make
submarines and nuclear power plants where generally nuclear individual decisions in the active manner and communicate
radiation is released in small amounts continuously in the open and collaborate to form a single difficult decision. The IoT
environment. This releasing of nuclear radiation increases the technologies of computing, embedded sensors, communication
presence of radioactive elements in the environment which in protocol and internet protocol for communication enable to
turn changes its parameters such as level of carbon monoxide, provide significant applications which impose a number of
temperature, pressure, smoke and sound [16]. challenges and introduce standards that require to be
In this work, equipment based on intelligent environment specialized.
monitoring system using Internet of Things (IoT) is designed
to enable the atmosphere monitoring system to monitor The authors in [19] presented a sensor system for the
temperature, humidity with LDR application for homes and environment monitoring to sense the humidity and
pressure. In this system, information is read from all the above temperature of the nearby area. The sensed data can stimulate
said sensors and data are sent from the transmitter to the the actions like controlling the cooling or the heating
receiver node. Information received at the receiver side is remotely. The android application retrieves the sensed data
monitored and recorded in clouds i.e. Thingspeak data monitor from the cloud and provides it to the clients. Data are
application for monitoring the data remotely. Finally, the transmitted to Thingspeak for the analysis and storage.
results and performance of the proposed system are discussed.
In [20], the implementation and results of an environmental
II. LITERATURE SURVEY monitoring system that employs sensors for temperature and
In [17], a novel system to monitor the environmental humidity of the surrounding area has been proposed. IoT
parameters using multilevel IOT architecture is proposed. The systems are designed to monitor the vital physical phenomena
proposed instrumentation operates in II tier architecture in that generate the data to be transmitted and saved at cloud
IOT. The system consists of different sensors grouped into 5 from where this information can be accessed through various
sensor nodes which are invoked by switches in the gateway or applications to undertake the further actions. This data can be
from the webpage. The sensors acquire the data and send to a used to trigger some short term actions such as remote
slave controller (PIC microcontroller). In turn, the slave controlled heating or cooling or long term statistics. The
controller sends the acquired data to Master controller sensed data is uploaded to the cloud storage and an Android
(Raspberry Pi). The master acts as a gateway between the application accesses the cloud and presents the results to the
sensor nodes and the cloud. The data is pushed by master onto end users. The system employs Arduino UNO board DHT 11
the cloud and displayed as webpage using HTTP. The data is sensor and ESP8266 Wi-Fi module to transmit the data to
also received in the form of SMS through GSM. Using the open IoT API service Thingspeak where it is analyzed and
proposed system, few experiments have been conducted on stored. An Android application is developed to access the
different environments and altitudes. The obtained results are cloud and display the results for the end users via REST API
compared with a standard weather data. It has been found that Web service. The experimental results show the usefulness of
the acquired data from the system is very much closer to the the system.
standard weather data obtained from the internet. The
information on the basis of experiments may be handed over The work in [21] reviews an IOT and cloud service based
to the local farmers in terms of indicators that can be used as environment monitoring system based on real time. The
an assistance to decide which crop (cotton, jowar, redgram) system senses and manages the crucial environmental
has to be cultivated/reaped. parameters like carbon monoxide, humidity and temperature
before sending it to the cloud. This sensed data is accessible to
The authors in [18] monitored the environment so that the the end user in the form of statistical graphs. The various
people spend more time at home, office, industry or any components like Arduino, digital humidity and temperature
working area in real-time and long-term manner. Using sensor, Wi-Fi module and Message Queuing Telemetry
internet of things, the system can be controlled to access Transport (for data transmission to IoT cloud).
remotely using IoT. It first takes information with the help of
different sensors and transfers the sensors values on The system proposed in [22] provides the geographical and
Thingspeak directly. A brief survey is done on the use of environmental information to the people. To improve the
wireless sensors, cloud and internet of things and connection communication, an economical environment monitoring
between devices with sensors. The network connection reads network has been suggested in this work using open access
the sensor value which can be further monitored from the tools and internet of things concept. This system is able to
internet with the help of Thingspeak. Monitoring the observe the levels of humidity, temperature, UV rays, noise,

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 2022 Seventh International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Grid Computing (PDGC)

particulate matter and carbon monoxide. The network collects radiation level crosses the threshold level. These demerits are
the information through various sensors followed by storing in overcome in the proposed invention.
its database to be displayed finally on the local web server
referred to as Apache. The proposed work is able to provide the physical interaction
such that amount of radiation is detected in the environment of
In [23], the authors presented a system based on the embedded the power plant. These levels of radiation are read accurately
system to examine and analyze the environment parameters to by the wireless sensors i.e. temperature sensor, gas sensor,
estimate the consumption of energy. Various recent humidity sensor, smoke sensor and sound sensor as shown in
technologies have provided the different solutions to estimate Fig.1 and hence no human intervention is there in the system
and observe the parameters of the environment so as to reduce in the sensing process. Thingspeak web server shows the
the environmental pollution. Such kind of environment may be graphical representation of environmental parameters such as
created by the combination of wireless sensor network and temperature, humidity, sound and smoke. Monitoring team is
internet of things. The information can be retrieved via web- able to detect and monitor the radiation level without even
based application with proper management. The system can getting exposed to the radiation as the monitoring team is
provide the various spaces in the environment in which situated remotely and able to access the accurate data of
various human activities can prove to be very harmful. Further radiation level. As several environmental parameters are
this system can be used in the various kinds of buildings involved in this system, so general monitoring of the
where intervention by the human beings is not permitted. environment is also possible as in smart cities [26-33] where
there is continuous monitoring of environment for the well-
The authors in [24] presented a technique to measure the being of the habitats. IoT has reduced the cost of the system to
quality of air using MQ135 sensor. Measurement of Air a greater extent, making it more flexible and scalable based on
Quality index (AQI) is an important task to check the healthy the application implemented. General applications are nuclear
air. Measurement of carbon monoxide is also done in this submarines and nuclear power stations. Sensor node is flexible
research work using MQ7 sensor. The system has been to be extended along with detectors that can also be extended
implemented using Thingspeak platform based on internet of without so much issue. Early warning system is the significant
things. Machine learning has been used to analyze the data feature of this invention where the operator receives an alert
obtained from the cloud. Overall, a state-of-the-art economical based on the radiation level so that many accidents may be
system based on IoT has been suggested to measure the air avoided.
performance parameters.
Temperature and
humidity sensor
In [25], the application of wireless sensor network for the
greenhouse monitoring has been presented where the
greenhouse monitoring system can be generated by combining Atmospheric Node
pressure sensor MCU
the moisture sensor, temperature sensor and humidity sensor
in Raspberry Pi board. The sensors can also be calibrated to Thingspeak
enhance the precision for the environmental parameters. Gas sensor MQ-3 IoT Cloud
Sensor platform
Wireless network can easily be established by using Raspberry
Pi as a Wi-Fi module. A system based on environment
monitoring has been designed to evaluate the system based on Smoke sensor MQ-2
greenhouse monitoring. sensor

III. Proposed Approach Sound sensor

In this invention, environment is monitored based on IoT by
detecting the level of radiation that overcomes the
disadvantages of existing system of Geiger counter used along
with Geiger Mueller. In conventional method, a high voltage LCD Display
is passed through a tube filled with gas such that whenever
there is interaction with radiation, an electrical pulse is
generated that indicates the presence of radiation. Also, the
radiation detection is done using sodium detector with Fig.1 Block Diagram of the Proposed Work
micrometer in which sodium iodide crystal is utilized.
Whenever there is interaction with radiation, a pulse of light is In this work, an IoT based environmental monitoring is
generated which is then read by a micrometer. In all of these focused using Thingspeak web server, where the
methods, the amount of radiation is not detected and the field environmental parameters are monitored by the wireless
workers don’t know about the level of radiation in the sensor network without any human intervention. In the
environment. Further there is no alerting system whenever the surroundings of nuclear power plant, radiation leakage occurs
that increases the presence of radioactive elements in the

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 2022 Seventh International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Grid Computing (PDGC)

environment. These radioactive elements undergo breakdown Operators in the nuclear power plant are able to view the level
leading to the increase of temperature and decrease of of radiation in their environment based on the display
humidity by which nuclear radiation is detected. Sensor provided in the corridor of the nuclear power station.
module is incorporated for sensing the variation of Thingspeak web server is able to display the data collected
atmospheric parameters which is displayed using Thingspeak from the sensors which is available free of cost and based on
web server. All the operators and experts are able to view the Linux. Data displayed on the web server is indicated at room
amount of radiation in the environment so that necessary temperature with a temperature value of 31 degree and
precautions can be carried out. The design of the equipment humidity value of 58 gm/mm3. Leakage of radiation results in
consists of a sensor hub that is organized into three significant the breakdown of radioactive elements which in turn increase
segments: Sensor network, Sensor interface, NodeMCU and a the temperature of the environment and decrease the humidity
circuit for power control in the system as shown in Fig.2. Five of the environment in a drastic way. Large amount of radiation
sensors are utilized for monitoring the environmental features leakage results in presence of smoke and noise in the
such as pressure, temperature, smoke, sound and carbon environment which is sensed by gas sensor and sound sensor.
monoxide level. Sensor module involves temperature and Environmental parameters change rapidly whenever
humidity sensor, atmospheric pressure sensor, Gas sensor radioactive elements increase in number leading to health
MQ-3, Smoke sensor MQ-2 and Sound sensor for sensing the issues.
various parameters of the environment. Data acquisition is The various sensors continuously sense the level of air
done using the sensor network which is then sent to the pollution (smoke) or sound pollution and report the results in
interface [26-29] where controlling and manipulation of sensor ppm or parts per million, which can also be reported as
data are done to provide sensor output for further processing milligrams per litre (mg/L). If the air pollution rises above a
[30-33]. This sensor output is afterwards sent to NodeMCU specific level, the gadget will emit a beep sound (decided by
Microcontroller unit where the microcontroller board controls the programmer). As shown in Table I, air pollution and sound
the communication process with the local network and does pollution are observed in smoky and noisy regions and
the whole processing of measured data provided by the displayed in binary form (0 and 1) and the LED blinks
interfacing sensor unit so that the user can access the collected continuously for the respective region while all other
data from remote location by using Thingspeak web server. parameters have been displayed in their respective units for
both smoky and noisy regions.
The values of temperature, humidity and carbon monoxide
(CO) are also shown in Fig.3 and Fig.4 for both smoky and
noisy regions.

Table I - List of parameters observed for smoky and noisy regions

Parameter Smoky Noisy
Temperature (0C) 29 27
Humidity 65 62
(gm/mm3)
Smoke (binary 1 0
value)
Sound (binary 0 1
value)
Carbon Monoxide 578 149
Level (ppm)

Fig.2 Circuit Diagram of the Proposed Approach

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The monitoring system consists of a sensor network where

DHT11 sensor is utilized for sensing the temperature and
humidity, MQ3 acts as gas sensor, MQ2 acts as smoke sensor
and sound sensor and atmospheric pressure sensor are
connected to microcontroller unit. Data collected by the
sensors are acquired by NodeMCU which is then uploaded to
Thingspeak web server for displaying the sensor information
to the experts, operators and to everyone in the organization.
Data storage is done on cloud so that clients from far away Fig.3 Plot of various parameters (units as specified in Table 1) for Smoky
location are able to read the information from the sensors. Region

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