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WordPress Course
Introduction
WordPress started in 2003 by Matt Mullenweg, WordPress has quickly become the world‟s most popular
content management system (CMS) platform. Some of the largest companies in the world such as Pepsi,
Samsung and Ford use WordPress as their software to operate their sites.
What is WordPress?
WordPress is an online, open source website creation tool written in PHP. But in non-geek speak, it‟s probably
the easiest and most powerful blogging and website content management system (or CMS) in existence today.
WordPress is highly customizable, and has literally thousands of plugin pieces of software so you can use your
site for just about anything.
The Benefits of Using WordPress
1. The software is free.
How many times have you been given something for free that is fully functional and ready to use? And if you
want to upscale your site a little with premium themes and plugins, you‟re still going to save tons of money
over what you would pay for a custom designed site.
2. It’s easy to use.
Seriously. If you can send an email, use Microsoft Word, or set up a Facebook account, then you can use
WordPress. In other words, if you‟ve already used a computer, chances are you are already skilled enough for
the WordPress basics. And even better, it‟s hard to mess it up. You can easily add and delete pages and posts
without accidentally messing up the overall design of your site.
3. You are in control.
Owning your own site, and being able to make changes to it yourself, is the ultimate in online freedom. You
don‟t have to rely on an expensive web designer to make changes or fix a tiny error for you whenever they can
squeeze you in. You‟re in control of your site—and your wallet.
4. Search Engine Friendly
The way WordPress is organized and structured makes it friendly for search engines such as Google and
Yahoo! to recognize it. Traffic from search engines is crucial to your website because it‟s free and the visitors
tend to be more loyal because they are looking for something specific.
5. Themes & Plugins
There are thousands of free and premium templates and plugins available for WordPress with hundreds created
each day. There are lot of free and premium themes, that are customized, give companies a unique look with
half the cost. Plugins are features you download for your blog. There are literally thousands of them that range
from a shopping cart system to a poll. The combination of both a customized theme and innovative plugins
allow for a great-looking functional site.

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6. Huge support of community
WordPress isn‟t just a software, it has become a community. Some might even say a movement. In fact,
WordCamps (1-3 day training sessions) have sprung up from grassroots efforts. They are informal, community-
organized events put together by other WordPress users just like you. You‟ll meet people of all backgrounds,
ages, and nationalities at WordCamps. Plus, there are thousands of people and hundreds of resource and tutorial
sites set up just to help you with your WordPress site.
WordPress.com vs. WordPress.org
If you‟re new to WordPress, you might be wondering about the difference between WordPress.org and
WordPress.com. The one major difference between WordPress.com and WordPress.org is who’s actually
hosting your website.
With WordPress.org, YOU host your own blog or website. WordPress.org is where you‟ll find the free
WordPress software that you can download and install on your own web server. Getting your WordPress site set
up involves purchasing a domain name, buying a hosting plan and then installing WordPress on your server.
Most hosting companies provide instructions or services to install WordPress for you.
WordPress.com, on the other hand, takes care of all of the hosting for you. You don‟t have to download
software, pay for hosting, or manage a web server.
Pros and Cons of WordPress.com vs. WordPress.org
Both WordPress.org and WordPress.com have pros and cons, depending on your needs. If you‟re not interested
in paying for your own hosting, managing your own web server or paying someone else to handle that for you,
you‟ll probably want to use WordPress.com. It‟s free and easy to set up and you have lots of options for
customizing your site.
A few of the cons of using WordPress.com include that your domain will, by default, include
“WordPress.com.” You also can‟t upload any custom themes, plugins or modify the PHP code behind your site.
While WordPress.com is free to set up, they do offer several premium upgrades, including domain name
registration (if you don‟t want WordPress.com in your domain name), the ability to upload videos and the
option to use their premium themes.
Using the downloaded version of WordPress from WordPress.org opens up more control and flexibility for your
WordPress site, but it also means more responsibility. Using a self-hosted version of WordPress means you can
use your own domain name, upload and install themes and plugins, edit the code behind your site and have
access to your site‟s database (or files). Most of the showcase sites you see on the WordPress site showcase are
the self-hosted version of WordPress, since many of them have unique functionality or a custom made design.
Getting Started
In this course focuses on using the self-hosted version of WordPress available at WordPress.org, here‟s a quick
overview of how to get started:
1. Purchase a domain name.
2. Purchase a hosting plan from a reputable hosting company that specializes in WordPress sites.
3. Install the WordPress software on your server (Most hosting companies provide instructions or services to
install WordPress for you.)
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Purchasing Your Domain Name
The first thing you need in order to have a website is have a domain name. A domain name is what you type in
to a browser window to visit a site, such as http://www.mysite.com. A domain name is how anyone from
anywhere in the world can access your site. If you‟ve already registered your domain name, then you‟re good to
go for the next step—hosting.
If you haven‟t registered a domain name, the easiest way is to do it as you sign up for hosting. But you can also
purchase (register) your domain name before you are ready to sign up for a hosting account.
Setting Up Your Hosting Account
In order for your website to appear on the web, it has to be hosted somewhere. Think of hosting like a storage
facility. It‟s a place for you to store all of your stuff (your website) on the web. The more stuff you have (the
bigger your site) the more storage space you need.
There are many web hosting companies that offer a wide variety of hosting plans. Just note that with hosting
you get what you pay for. Be careful about choosing a cheap shared hosting plan, as many hosting companies
overload their servers, which will impact the speed of your own site.
Installing WordPress
The final step is to install WordPress on your server. Most hosting companies offer thorough instructions on
installing WordPress or services to install WordPress for you.
Using a quick-install service is a simple way to get your WordPress installation up and running, but the
downside is that it does leave some security holes. For that reason, you may want to consider installing
WordPress manually.
What are the benefits of doing a manual installation?
• It prevents the WordPress database tables being installed as a default, with default labels. These default labels
can make your site more vulnerable.
• It allows for full customization of the wp-config.php file, which opens up enormous potential in WordPress.
• It allows you to work within the “best security practices” for your WordPress site.
Logging Into Your New WordPress Site
Once WordPress has been installed on your web server, you can access your WordPress login page from two
different URLs.
1. Your WordPress Login URL
The first way to access your WordPress Login URL will be in this format: http://yoursite.com/wp-login.php
2. You can also log in from: http://yoursite.com/wp-admin
From your WordPress login screen, you‟ll enter the username and password that you set up during the
WordPress installation process. If you‟ve forgotten your WordPress login password, you can click the “Lost
Your password?” link to retrieve it via email.

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Exploring the WordPress Dashboard

Once you‟ve logged in to your WordPress site, you‟ll land here, the WordPress dashboard. The WordPress
dashboard allows you to control all of the behind-the-scene details of managing your site. Once you find your
way around the dashboard, you‟ll realize it‟s really easy to use and navigate.
First, we‟ll take a look at the dashboard home screen. After you first log in, you‟ll see a top Welcome to
WordPress section with some quick links to help you get started. You can always dismiss this box using the link
in the top right corner.
The next section is the At a Glance section. Here you‟ll see the number of posts and pages for your site‟s
content. You‟ll also see discussion information for comments, like the total number of comments and the
number in moderation. In the At a Glance section, you‟ll also see what WordPress theme you‟re currently
running on your site plus your current version of WordPress.
The Activity section shows recently-published posts, pingbacks and recent comments. From here, you can
quickly approve comments, reply back, mark as spam or send to trash.
If you scroll back up to the second column, you‟ll find the Quick Draft section of the WordPress dashboard.
QuickPress will allow you to save a draft of a post straight from this screen. Below this section, you‟ll see a list
of other post drafts. Once you start creating posts and if they‟re saved as drafts, the three most recent drafts
you‟ve started will be visible here.
The last section is the WordPress News section. These are updates from the official WordPress project. If you‟d
like to customize what sections you see from the WordPress dashboard, visit the Screen Options tab on the top
right side of your screen. Click the arrow to expand this section and you‟ll see checkboxes for each of the
sections usually included in the WordPress dashboard. To remove any of the sections, just unclick the checkbox
beside the section you‟d like to hide. You can also choose the number of columns for the screen layout, too. If
you return to the dashboard home, you can also expand each of the sections by clicking the arrow to the right.
You can also drag and drop the boxes to change the order.
Left-hand Navigation Menu
In addition to the WordPress dashboard home screen, the other major component of the WordPress dashboard is
the left-hand navigation menu. This navigation menu provides links to all of the WordPress administration
screens for posts, the media library, pages, comments, appearance options, plugins, users, tools and settings.
We‟ll explore the rest of these menu items in more detail in the upcoming chapters.
If you ever find yourself needing help, just click the Help tab in the upper corner. Click the arrow to expand and
you‟ll now see helpful information that walks through the overview, navigation, layout and content of the
WordPress dashboard. From here, you can also find a link to the WordPress.org Codex documentation on the
dashboard and support forums.
Using the WordPress Admin Bar
The WordPress admin bar is simply a shortcut area that allows you to access site management controls on the
front end of your WordPress blog or website.
The WordPress admin bar appears above your site if you are logged in to your WordPress dashboard. This is to
allow for easy editing and site management directly from your site without having to jump back and forth
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between the front end (what visitors see of your site) and the back end (your WordPress dashboard). It provides
some handy shortcuts to access parts of your WordPress installation without having to find them in the left-hand
navigation menu.
Once you‟ve logged in to your site, locate the top bar on the top of your screen. On the far left side of the
WordPress admin bar, you‟ll see the WordPress logo. If you hover over this logo, you‟ll see links to
WordPress-specific information. These are great quick-links if you ever need to take a look at WordPress
documentation, visit the support forums or leave feedback.
To the right of the WordPress logo, you‟ll see the name of your site. Hover over this and you‟ll see a submenu
to visit the front end of your site. This is how your site looks to visitors. The next section gives a quick
reference for comments.
The last section on the left side of the admin bar is the +New link. If you hover over this link, you‟ll see a
submenu that will quickly take you to the add new screen for post, media, page and user. All of these things can
also be done from the left-hand navigation menu of the dashboard, but this link is great for getting these tasks
done quickly.
On the far right side of the screen, you‟ll see “Howdy, your name.” Hover over this section to see the submenu
to edit your profile or log out of the site.
The WordPress Admin Bar Front End View
By default, once you‟ve logged into your WordPress site, the admin bar will also be visible to you from the
front end of your site. If you hover over the name of our site, then click visit site, you‟ll see the front end of
your site.
From this view, the WordPress admin bar changes a bit. By hovering over the title of your site, you‟ll see links
for the dashboard, which will take you back to the dashboard home, and links to take you to themes, customize,
widgets, menus, background and header. Again, all of these sections can also be found from the left-hand
navigation menu in the WordPress dashboard, but this is a great quick reference.
This view also adds a search function. Click the magnifying glass to open the search prompt.
How to Turn Off the WordPress Admin Bar
Most people find the WordPress admin toolbar useful, but some people may want to turn the WordPress admin
bar off from the front end of the site. Remember, the WordPress admin bar is only visible to you when you‟re
logged in to your site.
To turn off this view, click the Edit my Profile link. Now, from this screen, you‟ll see a check box to Show
Toolbar when viewing site. Simply uncheck this box to turn this view off, then scroll to the bottom and click
Update profile.
If you return to the front end of your site, the WordPress admin bar will be no longer visible. If you decide later
that you‟d like to turn the admin bar back on, just return to your edit profile and check the box to show the
toolbar again.

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Exploring WordPress Settings
From the WordPress dashboard, locate the Settings menu. If we hover over this menu, you‟ll see a submenu
appear with options for various WordPress settings including:
• General
• Writing
• Reading
• Discussion
• Media
• Permalinks
WordPress General Settings
To get started, expand the WordPress settings menu. Click General Settings.
The first thing you‟ll notice in General Settings is your Site Title and Tagline. You‟ll want to make sure these
titles match your site because your site title will be visible in Google search results. By default, WordPress
includes “just another WordPress site” as your site‟s tagline. You‟ll probably want to update this tagline to be
descriptive of your site, because the site tagline will also show up in Google search results for your site.
The next section is the WordPress Address (URL). For the site address URL, you can enter the URL address
if you want your site homepage to be different from the directory where you installed WordPress. In most cases,
it‟s best to leave these two URLs alone.
Next you‟ll see the E-mail Address that‟s used for admin purposes, like new user notifications.
Next are settings for Membership. With WordPress, you can allow anyone to register for your site.
The New User Default Role is by default set to subscriber. You‟ll probably want to leave this setting, since you
don‟t want to grant administration privileges to just anyone that registers for your site.
Next is Timezone. Scroll through the list to select the city in the same timezone as you then select your
preferred date format. Keep in mind this date format will be visible on blog posts. If you have any questions
about this format, you can check out the documentation on date and time formatting by clicking the link below
this section.
The next three areas Date Format, Time Format and Week Starts On, allow you to customize your date and
time settings.
Last is Site Language. You can select your language from the dropdown list.
Once you‟ve updated or change these settings, click Save changes.
WordPress Writing Settings
Next up are Writing Settings. From the left-hand navigation menu, click to open the Writing Settings page. All
of the settings on this page apply to writing and publishing content for your site. The top section controls the
editor within the WordPress dashboard, while the rest control external publishing methods.
In the first section, you‟ll see options for formatting, including settings for default post category and default
post format. When you make your selection in these dropdowns, new posts will automatically have the selected

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category or post format applied. Post formats are simply a way WordPress can format your posts, depending on
if your theme provides styling for that particular format. We‟ll cover more on categories in a later chapter.
The next section is the Post via e-mail section. The Post via email settings allow you to send an email to your
site with post content. To use this, you‟ll need to set up a secret e-mail account with a POP3 access, and any
mail received at this address will be posted. For this reason, it‟s a good idea to keep this address secret.
The last section is for update services. When you publish a new post, WordPress will automatically notify the
update services listed here. For more information, check out the Update Services link in this section.
Again, click the Save Changes button at the bottom of the screen for your new settings to take effect.
WordPress Reading Settings
Now it‟s time for Reading Settings. This screen contains the settings that affect the display of your site‟s
content.
From here, you can choose what the front page displays, either your latest posts or a fixed/static page. Once
you‟ve created a few pages, those pages will be listed in the dropdown as options for your front page and where
to display your posts.
In the next section, you can set the number of pages your blog pages show at most. This setting will limit the
number of posts shown on a single page of your blog, before a user has to use a “previous” or “next” link to see
more posts.
The next section is where you can control the display of your content in RSS feeds, including the number of
recent items syndication feeds show and whether to show full text or a summary.
The last section is for search engine visibility. If you‟d like search engines to ignore your site, click the
checkbox next to Discourage search engines from indexing this site. This might be a helpful setting if you‟re
currently developing your site and you‟re not ready for it to be indexed by search engines.
Click the Save Changes at the bottom of the screen to update these changes.
WordPress Discussion Settings
WordPress Discussion Settings provide a ton of options for the management of comments and controlling
links to your posts/pages.
The first section is for default article settings. The first setting deals with links you make to other blogs. The
second deals with pingbacks and trackbacks, or links back to your blog. The third setting is the default article
settings that allow people to post comments on new articles. If you‟d rather not allow people to comment on
your posts, uncheck this box.
In Other comment settings, you can choose the guidelines for how people post comments and how their
comments are handled.
Next, in the email me whenever section, you can choose to be emailed when someone posts a comment or
when a comment is held in moderation.
The Before a comment appears section deals with how comments are published. Here you can choose if an
administrator must always approve comments or to publish automatically if the comment author had previously
posted a comment.
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In the Comment Moderation area, you can customize how a comment is held based on the number of links. In
this box, you can also add words, names, URLS, emails or even IPs to filter comments into the moderation
queue. Both this section and the comment blacklist section are great for helping to defend your blog against
spam comments.
Next, take a look at the avatar section. An avatar is a profile image you can have assigned to your email
address when you comment on avatar-enabled sites.
Here you can enable the display of avatars for people who comment on your site, filter by their rating or chose a
default avatar for people that don‟t already have a custom one of their own. If you don‟t already have an avatar,
visit gravatar.com to upload your own.
Click the Save Changes button at the bottom of this page.
WordPress Media Settings
The Media Settings page allows you to set maximum sizes for images inserted into the content of a post. These
settings are great for saving time if you always want images to be the same size or if you want to apply default
settings for medium and large image sizes.
The Uploading files option allows you to select whether or not your uploads are organized into month and year
based folder.
Click Save changes.
WordPress Permalink Settings
Permalinks are the permanent URLs to individual pages and blog posts, as well as category and tag archives.
Basically, a permalink is the web address used to link to your content that is permanent, and never changes—
that‟s why they‟re called “perma”-links.
The WordPress Permalink Settings screen allows you to choose your default permalink structure. You can
choose from common settings or create custom URL structures.
By default, WordPress uses web URLs, which have question marks and lots of numbers in them. You‟ll
probably want to change your permalinks here to another structure to improve the aesthetics, usability, and
forward-compatibility of your links, and to make them more search engine-friendly.
If you‟d like more information on setting up your permalinks, click the Help tab at the top of the screen. Here‟
you‟ll get an overview of common settings and structures to help select your permalink structure.
WordPress Posts vs.Pages
When it comes to creating content for your WordPress site, you have the option to choose between creating
either a post or page. Both have their respective uses and can add dynamic elements to your site.
WordPress post is what makes up the „blog‟ aspect of your site.
• These are generally news or informational updates about a certain topic.
• Posts are listed in reverse chronological order and can be tagged, categorized and even archived on
your site.
• WordPress posts are what make up the RSS content of your WordPress blog. So, when someone
subscribes to your RSS feed, your posts will be the content that‟s delivered to them.
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• Think of the posts as the news portion of your site. They‟re dynamic and constantly changing the
content your end users see.
WordPress Pages are similar to posts in that they have a title and body text, but they are different because:
• They are generally reserved for static content or information.
• Examples of this would be an About Me or Contact Us page.
• Pages aren‟t listed by date and can‟t be categorized or tagged like WordPress posts.
• Pages can have a hierarchy, which means you can nest pages under other pages by making one the
“Parent” of the other, thus creating a group of pages.
• Due to their static nature, pages aren‟t included in RSS feeds and won‟t have date or time
publishing.
Using Posts & Pages
Generally posts will be used for your blog content and pages will be used for standalone information that isn‟t
updated often. For example, an organization might use posts to handle news updates, press releases, job listings
or new products. But they‟d use pages to list “about” information, services, contact info, team bios, locations or
bylaws.
WordPress is flexible and you can use posts and pages however you want, but this gives you a basic overview
of how they work.
Creating a WordPress Post
To get started creating your first WordPress post, locate the Posts menu in the left-hand side of the WordPress
dashboard. You can either hover over the Posts link or click to expand it to reveal the submenu.
The Add New Posts page can also be found from the +New link in the WordPress Admin Bar. Click the Add
New link.
Now you‟ll see the Add New Post page where you can create your first post.
The first box is where you‟ll want to enter the title of your post.
Next is the post formatting section or post editor. This is where you‟ll actually type the content of your post.
If you look on the right side of the box, you‟ll see two tabs.
There are two modes of editing posts: Visual and Text.
The Visual tab will bring up the visual WYSIWYG editor. WYSIWYG just means “what you see is what you
get.”
Here you‟ll see a formatting toolbar with lots of options for formatting your posts. If you‟re familiar with
Microsoft Word or any other word processing software, most of these icons should look familiar.
If you click the Text tab, this will reveal a plain-text HTML version of the post editor. This version of the post
editor is for editing the HTML code of your post. For most users, the Visual editor is the easiest way to write
posts.

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At the top of the right column on this screen you‟ll see the Publish box. Here, your can save your post as a draft
if you‟d like to save it for later. If you click the Preview button, you can get a preview of how the post will look
once it‟s published.
The Status of the post will show if the post has been published, saved as a draft, if it‟s pending review or if it
has been scheduled.
The next two links show the visibility of the post or what visitors will be able to see your post. The Publish line
shows whether the post will be published immediately or at a later date.
The next section are for categories and tags assigned to your WordPress post. We‟ll cover these two topics in
more detail later. If you‟d like to change the screen options for your post editor, just click the screen options
tab in the upper right hand corner. Expand this to reveal all the options that can be displayed on the post editor
screen. Again from the post editor, you can also drag or drop the order of these boxes to customize how you
want them arranged on the page.
If you ever need help while you‟re on the Add New Posts page, just click the Help tab in the upper right corner.
From here, you‟ll be able to get a reminder for how to customize your post display, tips for adding a post title
and using the post editor, inserting media and settings for publishing and discussion.
Adding Links in WordPress
The WordPress post and page editor makes it easy to add hyperlinks to other web pages from your content.
1. From the WordPress post or page editor, select the text that you want to be hyperlinked.
2. Once you have that text selected, click the hyperlink button in the toolbar.
3. This will bring up a box where you can enter the URL of your hyperlink and a title to be displayed on hover.
You can also click this checkbox to open the link in a new tab.
4. If you‟d rather link to existing content on your website, just click to expand this section. Now you‟ll see a
search bar to search your site and a list of existing posts or pages. Clicking on one of the items in the list will
change the hyperlink URL above.
5. Once you have your hyperlink URL ready to go, click the Add Link button. Now your selected text will have
a link.
6. To remove the link, select your text again and click the unlink button. Now you‟ll see that your link has been
removed.
Adding Images to Posts & Pages
Using a visual element like an image or photo is a great way to spruce up your post or page content.
1. Determine where you‟d like to insert your image in your post or page. Above the Post editor toolbar, you‟ll
see an Add Media button. Click the Add Media button and you‟ll see the Insert Media box.
2. Your WordPress site uses a media library to store all of your media like images and videos. From this box,
you can choose to either upload a new file or use an existing file from the media library. To upload an image,
click the Select files button. Find the image you‟d like to use and click open.

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3. Now that your image has been uploaded, you‟ll see it has been added to the media library. On the right side
of this box, you‟ll see the attachment details for this page. Here you can change the Title, Caption, Alt text and
Description.
You can also choose the alignment of the image (such as center, left or right), where the inserted image should
link to, the actual URL of the image and the size of the image.
4. Make sure the image has a checkbox and click the Insert into post button. Now you‟ll see your image has
been added to your post.
5. If you click on this image, you should see two boxes appear in the upper left-hand corner of the image. The
first is the image icon. If you click that icon, you‟ll now see another box open for editing the details of the
image. Here you can change the size of the image based on percentages (which can be a handy tool for resizing)
or you can update the title, alternative text, the caption and link URL. You can also select this image to link
nowhere, or to link to the actual image file.
6. If you click the advanced settings tab, you‟ll see the URL of where the image file is hosted on your site, the
actual width and height of the image in pixels, the CSS Class, styles and image properties that add padding
around the image.
7. Return to the image in your post. The next icon in the upper left corner will delete the image out of the post.
If you click the Add Media button again, you‟ll see the same insert media box. On the left side of this box,
you‟ll see options to create a gallery and set the featured image. Once you have more images in our media
library, you‟ll be able to add an entire gallery of images into the post.
The featured image of the post is sometimes used by your WordPress theme. Go ahead and choose this image as
your featured image and return back to the post editor. Now, you can preview the post and see that our image
has been added.
Using the WordPress Media Library
The WordPress Media Library contains all the files you‟ve uploaded to your WordPress site, with the most
recent uploads listed first.
To visit your WordPress Media Library, expand the Media menu from the WordPress dashboard. The Media
Library page will show all of the media items you currently have in your media library.
To add a new media item to your library, click the Add New link. From here, upload a new image. Once your
image has been uploaded, you‟ll see it has been added to the library.
Editing Images in the WordPress
Media Library One of the neat features of the WordPress media library is the ability to edit images. Click on an
image, and then click the Edit Image button. Now, you can crop, rotate, flip or scale the image.
For example, you can rescale this image and then click the Save button. Now, click the Update button.
WordPress Media Library Multi-File Uploader
If you have more than one file to upload at once, you can easily switch to the multi-file uploader. Now, just drag
and drop multiple files here to be added to your WordPress Media Library.

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Formatting WordPress Posts
In this section, we‟ll be covering some of the basics of formatting your WordPress posts with the built-in
WordPress post editor.
The majority of your formatting options can be found in the Post Editor Toolbar. If you‟ve ever used a word
processing software such as Microsoft Word, most of these icons should look familiar.
To get started formatting your WordPress posts, visit Posts > Add New or Posts > All Posts and select the post
you‟d like to edit.
The formatting icons included in the WordPress post editor include:
• In the first row of the toolbar, we have options to bold, italicize or strikethrough text. To bold text, just
select the text you‟d like to format and click the bold button. You‟ll see this text has been bolded.
• The next two icons are for bulleted and numbered lists. If you‟d like to add a list to a post, just select the
text, then click that icon.
• The quotation mark icon is the block quote feature. By default, this will add an indentation and italicized
style to your selected text. (Note: your WordPress theme controls how block quotes are styled on the front end
of your site.)
• Next are alignment options. You can choose to align left, center or align right.
• The next icon is the insert more tag. This will change how much text your blog page displays with a read
more link.
• If you‟d prefer to write your posts in distraction free mode, click this icon. This will take you to full-screen
writing mode similar to using a Word processing software. To exit out of this mode, we‟ll click “exit full
screen.”
• If we click the Show/hide the kitchen sink, another line of formatting options will be revealed. Here you can
add heading styles to your text, underline text or set a full alignment.
• If you decide you‟d like to change the color of your selected text, just use this icon to select the color.
• The next two icons are for pasting text — either as plain text or from Microsoft Word.
If you ever get stuck using your formatting icons, you can simply hover over the icon to see the name and
function.
Scheduling WordPress Posts
Scheduling your WordPress posts is an easy way to control when your content is published. With the built-in
WordPress post scheduler, you can add a time to publish.
This WordPress posts scheduling feature is found in the Publish box on the upper right side of the post editor
page.
To schedule a post for publication, click the edit link next to Publish Immediately. You‟ll now see a drop-
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For example, if you‟d like to publish this post at 8 a.m. tomorrow, select tomorrow‟s date, set the time for 8
a.m., and click Ok. You‟ll now see the Schedule button has appeared.
Click the Schedule button and you‟ll see the status of this post has changed to scheduled with details for the
exact date and time it will be published to your blog.
If you change your mind and want to publish this post immediately, click the Edit link next to the scheduled
publish time. Just update the time to today‟s date and the current time and this will immediately publish the
post.
WordPress Categories & Tags
WordPress categories and tags are a way to add an organizational structure to your WordPress posts.
WordPress categories are basic ways for you to organize your posts into different categories, such as topics.
For example, when writing a post, think of the wider topic of the post. If you plan to write more posts about this
topic in the future, you‟ll probably want to group these posts together.
From the post editor page, find the Categories box.
Adding a New Category
If you don‟t have any categories yet, click the + Add new category link. Add a new category and click Add
new category. You‟ll then see your new category has been added to the list of categories.
To assign a category to a post, click the checkbox next to the category.
Another way to manage post categories is through the Posts > Categories link in the WordPress dashboard
navigation menu. Clicking the Categories link will display the Categories page. From here, you can see all your
categories on the right, and where to add new ones.
Category Slug
The Category Slug is the URL-friendly version of the category. It is usually all lowercase and contains only
letters, numbers and hyphens.
Category Hierarchies
Categories, unlike tags, can be nested into hierarchies. For example, you might have a Jazz category, and under
that have children categories for Bebop and big band.
Category Description
The description section is a place for you to add more details about the posts assigned to that category. Some
WordPress themes may show this information.
WordPress Categories vs. Tags
What‟s the difference between categories and tags? Think of your site like a book. Categories are like the Table
of Contents and tags are like the terms in the index.

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Creating a WordPress Page
Creating a WordPress page is very similar to creating a post. Just remember that pages are intended for static
content.
1. To get started adding a new page to your WordPress site, find the Pages menu in the WordPress Dashboard
Navigation menu. Click Add new. The WordPress page editor looks nearly identical to the post editor, except
for a few different boxes located on the right side of the screen.
2. Add the title of the page, like About. Note: If you have pretty permalinks set up, the title of your page will
also be the URL slug.
3. Next, add some content.
4. The Publish section of the page editor is exactly the same as for writing posts. When you‟re ready to publish,
you can either publish immediately, save this as a draft, or schedule the page to be published later.
5. The Page Attributes section applies a parent page and template to your new page. For the Parent section,
you can arrange your pages into hierarchies. For example, you could create this new page with additional pages
under it. There are no limits to how many levels you can nest pages.
6. Some WordPress themes have custom page templates, so the next Template section allows you to apply a
template to your new page.
7. The Order box allows you to order your page numerically. Pages are usually ordered alphabetically, but you
can choose your own order by entering a number in this field.
8. Preview the page one last time, then click Publish. You‟ve added a new page to your WordPress site.
Applying a WordPress Page Template
Some WordPress themes include page templates that change the way your pages are formatted on the front end
of the site. By using page templates, your theme changes how your pages look and where certain page elements
are located.
1. To add a WordPress page template to a page, edit or add a new page from the Pages menu located in
the WordPress Dashboard.
2. Find the Page Attributes section. In this section, you‟ll see a drop-down list for available page
templates. Depending on your WordPress theme, you‟ll see your specific page template options in the
drop-down menu.
For example, for this WordPress theme, you have an option to select the Default template, a Front page
template or a Full-width page template with no sidebar.
Previewing your WordPress Page
Template To test out how each of these templates would change the look of the page, select a page template.
Now, you can preview the changes to this page and decide whether or not to apply this page template to the
page.
Publishing the Page
Once you‟ve selected the page template to apply, just make sure it‟s been selected and click Publish.
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Using WordPress Plugins
WordPress plugins are bits of software that can be uploaded to extend and expand the functionality of your
WordPress site.
Since WordPress is open source software, these are all third party tools that add-on to what WordPress can do.
They‟re easy to download and install. Some are premium (there is a fee to purchase them) and others are free.
Plugins can do things like improve your search engine optimization, display related posts in your sidebar, do
complete backups of your WordPress site (BackupBuddy) or create stunning web forms quickly and easily
(Gravity Forms).
You can add just about any functionality to WordPress with plugins. The WordPress Plugin Directory is a
repository of free plugins that have been (somewhat) vetted. There are currently more than 40,000 plugins in the
WordPress directory, so there are a lot of options.
Free vs. Premium WordPress Plugins
As we just mentioned, there are tons of WordPress plugins available for free download from the WordPress.org
Plugin Directory.
There are also premium or paid WordPress plugins.
Why would you want to pay for a plugin? Well, there are several reasons:
• While there are thousands of plugins available for free from the plugin directory, paid plugins usually offer a
full time support staff and developers that work on maintaining the security and compatibility of plugins with
the latest version of WordPress, as well as with other themes and plugins.
• Most of the time, plugins play nicely with the core of WordPress and with other plugins, but sometimes a
plugin‟s code will get in the way of another plugin, causing compatibility issues. With a paid plugin, it‟s just
nice to know you have support staff that can help you out if anything goes wrong.
Installing WordPress Plugins
Installing plugins on your WordPress site is a simple process.
Download & Upload Method
Note: If you’re using premium plugins from a third party source, they will usually come as a .zip file. You’ll
need to use the download & upload method to install the plugin zip file on your site.
1. To install a plugin on your WordPress site, locate the Plugins menu after logging in to your site‟s
WordPress dashboard. Expand this menu.
2. To upload a new plugin, click the Add New link.
3. Click the Upload Plugin button, locate your plugin zip file and then click Install Now. Then, click
Activate.
Search & Install Method
You also have the option to search for plugins to install from the WordPress.org Plugin Directory, directly from
the Add New page. Click the tabs on this page to see featured, popular, newest and plugins you‟ve marked as
favorites.

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1. Use the search bar to search for the plugin of your choice.
2. Click the Install Now button.
3. Once the plugin is installed, just click Activate.
Manual Installation Method
You can also add plugins manually by uploading them with FTP software. This is more complicated and not for
the novice user. You‟ll need to download the plugin file to your computer and unzip it. This will give you a
folder on your computer with all the plugin files. Then, using an FTP program, upload the plugin folder to the
wp-content/plugins folder on your site. Then go to the Plugins screen and you can find your new plugin in the
list. Click „Activate‟ to get started.
More Plugins Menu Options
On the Installed Plugins page, you‟ll also see a list of all the plugins currently installed on your WordPress
site. Some plugins come bundled with your WordPress installation, like Akismet, a plugin that protects your
blog from comment and trackback spam, and Jetpack, a way to connect your blog to a WordPress.com account
and activate additional features.
The last menu item beneath Plugins in the WordPress dashboard is the Editor. The built-in WordPress plugin
editor can be used to make changes to any of your plugins‟ individual PHP files. Just be aware that if you make
changes, plugin updates will overwrite your customizations. So, unless you know PHP, you probably won‟t
want to edit any of your plugin‟s PHP code.
WordPress Themes
A WordPress theme provides all of the front end styling of your WordPress site.
WordPress uses themes to control the look and presentation of your site. You can quickly change themes and
change the entire look of your site, while still maintaining the underlying WordPress software that powers your
site.
WordPress themes are kind of like how a new outfit can give you an entirely new look. But themes go even
deeper than just the design. They control the layout and functionality of your site as well. You can create
different layouts for different types of content with a theme.
It‟s part of what makes WordPress so powerful. You can change the entire look of your site without ever
changing the content or backend structure. A few clicks of the mouse and you can add a new theme and have an
entirely new look. It can make updating your site and keeping things current a much quicker and simpler
process. Instead of rebuilding a house from the ground up, you‟re just replacing the siding, so to speak.
Themes come in all types and varieties, including free and premium themes. You can also customize a theme to
make it your own.
Most WordPress themes provide:
• The overall design or style of your site
• Font styling
• Colors
• Widget locations
• Page layouts (or templates)

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• Styles for blog posts and blog archives
• Additional stylistic details
Free vs. Paid WordPress Themes
Just like WordPress plugins, you can choose from over a thousand free themes from the WordPress Theme
Directory. The advantages of premium themes are like those of premium plugins. Premium themes usually have
a reliable code base and offer support if something goes wrong.
Some premium themes, like Builder, operate more like web design software, allowing you to design and build
your own theme designs and page layouts.
How to Install a WordPress Theme
In addition to the default theme included with your WordPress installation, you can also install your own
WordPress theme to change the look and style of your site.
Download & Upload Method
Note: If you’re using a premium theme from a third party source, they will usually come as a .zip file. You’ll
need to use the download & upload method to install the theme zip file on your site.
1. From the WordPress dashboard, expand the Appearance menu in the left-hand navigation panel. Click
the Themes link.
2. Click the Add New button.
3. Click the Upload Theme button, locate your theme zip file and then click Install Now. Then, click
Activate.
Search & Install Method
Much like installing plugins, you can search for a theme and install it directly from your WordPress dashboard.
1. From the Appearance > Themes page, click on the Add New button. You can search the Free Theme
Directory right from your WordPress dashboard. Find a theme you like (you can use the search box or the
feature filter to sort by various options)
2. When you‟re looking at a specific theme, you can click on Preview to see the theme in action. Click around
to see different pages and make sure you like what you see. Some things may be options you can customize, but
other tweaks will require editing the code of the theme.
3. Once you find a theme you like, click „Install.‟ Once the theme is installed, just click the Install button. And
just like that, your site has a brand new look.
Manual Method
You can also add themes by manually uploading them to your server with FTP software. This is more
complicated and not for the novice user. You‟ll need to download a theme to your computer and unzip it. This
will give you a folder on your computer with all the theme files. Then, using an FTP program, upload the theme
folder to the wp-content/themes folder on your site. Then go to the Themes screen in your dashboard and you
will see your new theme in the list. Click „Activate‟ to get started.

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Managing Your WordPress Themes
1. To manage your WordPress themes, expand the Appearance menu in the WordPress Dashboard.
2. Here, you‟ll see the Themes page.
3. The very first theme listed on this page is your Active theme. Here we also see an option to Customize. If
you click this button, you‟ll see a preview window that allows you to make stylistic changes to your site, such
as your Site Identity (Site Title, Tagline & Site Icon). From here, you can also make changes to Menus and
the Front Page.
4. If you return back to the Themes page, you‟ll see a grid list of available themes in addition to your active
theme. These are themes that have been also installed on your WordPress site, but aren‟t active.
5. If you click the Live Preview link under any theme, you‟ll see a preview of how your site would look with
that theme. In the preview, you can navigate to different pages to see how the theme handles posts, archives and
other page templates.
6. In the left-hand panel of the preview window, you can edit the theme settings. These settings will differ,
depending on what theme features the theme supports.
7. To accept the new settings and activate the theme all in one step, click the Save & Activate button at the top
of the left-hand panel.
Using WordPress Widgets
WordPress Widgets add additional content and features to your WordPress site. Examples of widgets are search
bars, a list of post categories or tags, and custom menus.
One of the great things about WordPress widgets is that they require no code experience or expertise. Thanks to
WordPress, they can simply be added, removed and rearranged.
The actual location of widgets on your site depends on your WordPress theme. Most WordPress themes offer
several different page templates that decide where widget locations are in the page design, such as in the sidebar
of your blog, or at the bottom of your home page.
In addition to the default WordPress widgets, WordPress plugins often add their own widgets as well. Some
may add additional options for customization features.
To see how widgets work, log in to your WordPress site and visit the Appearance > Widgets panel. On the left
side of the page, you‟ll see all available widgets. Default widgets will be visible here, plus any additional
widgets that have been added by your installed plugins. On the right, you‟ll see all of your available widget
locations.
To add a widget to a location, simply drag the widget from its place on the left into the right section to activate
them. To remove them, simply drag the widget back or click delete.
If you ever have questions or need help using widgets, just click the help tab from the top of the screen. Here
you‟ll find an overview, information on removing and reusing widgets and how to handle missing widgets if
you change your WordPress theme.

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Creating a Custom Menu in WordPress
With WordPress, you can easily create a custom menu, which usually serves as a navigation menu for your site.
Custom menus in WordPress may contain links to pages, categories, custom links or other content types. You
can also specify a different navigation label for a menu item as well as assign other attributes.
There‟s no limit on how many menus you can create, so if your theme includes more than one menu location,
you can choose which custom menu to associate with each location. You can also use custom menus in
conjunction with the Custom Menus widget.
How to Create a Custom Menu in WordPress
1. To get started creating a custom menu, log in to your WordPress site and click to expand the
Appearance menu on the left side of the WordPress Dashboard.
2. Click on the Menus link in the Appearance menu. You‟ll now see the Menus editor page.
3. Enter your menu name, and click Create menu.
4. Now you‟re ready to add menu items from the boxes on the left, such as pages, categories and links.
5. If you‟d like to change which menu options you see from this page, click to expand the Screen Options
tab. Now you can add other menu items options such as posts, tags or formats, or show advanced menu
properties like CSS classes.
6. When you have your menu items arranged in order, click Save Menu. You now have a new navigation
menu that can be added to any menu location on your WordPress site.
Managing Comments in WordPress
With WordPress, visitors can leave comments on posts and pages.
One of the greatest things about blogs is the ability to let readers comment. One of the worst things about blogs
is the ability to let readers comment.
Running a website with public comments can be extremely rewarding and, at times, frustrating. Giving your
readers a forum to voice their opinion can refine your work, help you discover new perspectives and even give
you a much-needed pat on the back. Giving your readers that opportunity can also open you up to a world of
headaches, spam and endless arguments.
But most bloggers will tell you that despite the drawbacks, comments are worth it in the end:
• By giving your readers a voice you‟re showing them how valuable they are to you. That kind of
loyalty means a lot.
• Let‟s face it: You don‟t know everything. Nobody does. Having comments is a subtle way to admit
that you‟re not perfect and allow your readers to help you out. And they will. It will make your
writing stronger and your site better.
• Often the contributions of comments will outweigh the value of the original post. Sometimes great
ideas will be shared, links offered or massive discussions that go far deeper than you could have
dreamed. And it‟s all on your site. That‟s gold.
• It can build community. When people have a “voice” on your blog, they feel valued and that what
they say makes a difference.

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In the end, whether or not to have comments is an important choice and one you shouldn‟t take lightly. You
need to weigh the pros and cons. You need to decide if open comments fit your company‟s style. For some
organizations it‟s a perfect fit. For others—it‟s awkward.
If you‟re undecided about comments, there is good news. There are a lot of halfway solutions.
You‟re also welcome to change your mind and turn comments on or off at will (of course if you turn comments
on after they‟ve been off for a while you‟ve already missed out on the best input from your readers). But
whatever you decide, it‟s best to pick a solution and stick to it. Your readers will get confused if commenting is
inconsistent on your site.
Commenting Policy
Once you‟ve decided to have comments, it‟s important to have a commenting policy in place. It doesn‟t
necessarily have to be public, but you might consider it. What‟s important is to know how you‟re going to
respond to a specific situation and enforce your rules consistently.
1. Are commenters allowed to use profanity? Where do you draw the line?
2. It‟s easy for a comment thread to get off topic. Is that OK or do you want comments to only pertain to
your post?
3. Discussions often turn into debates, which turn into flat-out arguments. Do you step in to restore order?
Or let people duke it out?
4. What do you do when someone disagrees with you or your company? What if that means they
recommend competitors?
5. What happens when someone ignores your rules?
You may not run into any of these comment issues. But it helps to be prepared. Often the style of your
organization will help you determine your comment policy. A loose, care free organization might encourage
people to disagree. A strict, top-down company might ban any discussion of competing products. It‟s your
website—you set the tone.
Here‟s another thing you‟ll need to decide: how active are you going to be in your own comments? Some
people like to be very active, encouraging responses and interacting with readers. That can also be time-
demanding, but may also benefit your business. Other people may only step in when it‟s absolutely necessary,
letting their readers have their own discussion.
Managing Comments in WordPress: The Comments Page
Managing comments in WordPress is quite similar to the way posts and pages are managed. From the
WordPress dashboard, visit the Comments page.
A yellow row means the comment is waiting for you to moderate it. You can act on comments using the on-
hover action links or the Bulk Actions. In the Author column, in addition to the author‟s name, email address,
and blog URL, the commenter‟s IP address is shown. Clicking on this link will show you all the comments
made from this IP address.
In the Comment column, each comment includes Submitted on information, followed by the date and time the
comment was left on your site. Clicking the date/time link will take you to that comment on your live site.
Hovering over any comment gives you options to approve, reply (and approve), quick edit, edit, spam mark, or
trash that comment.
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In the In Response To column, there are three elements. The text is the name of the post that comment is
assigned to, and links to the post editor for that entry.
The View Post link leads back to that post on your live site. This small bubble with the number shows the
number of approved comments that post has received. If the bubble is gray, you have moderated all comments
for that post. If it is blue, there are pending comments.
Clicking the bubble will filter the comments screen to show only comments on that post.
Managing Comments from the Dashboard Home Screen
Another way to manage comments is from the WordPress dashboard home screen. Here you‟ll see recent
comments and you can quickly and easily approve, reply, edit, mark as spam or trash by hovering over these
links.
WordPress Comment Settings
Don‟t forget you can change your Comment or Discussion settings from within the WordPress settings menu.
This page allows you to make changes to the details of comments made on your site, plus the ability to blacklist
comments to help manage spam comments.
Creating Users in WordPress
Creating users in WordPress allows you to add users with different roles and access privileges to your site.
Once created, a user will be able to log in to your site with a username and password.
WordPress allows you to create users with specific roles. Different roles have different responsibilities and
powers within WordPress. This is important if you have a team working on your site. It allows you to have a
process where only certain users can do specific tasks, such as publish posts. It‟s a good way to ensure quality
control, spread out responsibility and keep everything in check.
WordPress user roles include site administrator, editor, author, contributor and subscriber. These user roles
control the level of site management granted to a user including the ability to write, edit or publish content on
your site. Users with lower access roles will see fewer options in the WordPress Dashboard when they are
logged in.
Here’s an overview of the five different user roles in WordPress:
• Administrator: Access to all administrative features. When you install and set up WordPress you’re
automatically given an administrator account.
• Editor: Can write, edit and publish posts and pages, as well as manage other users’ posts.
• Author: Can write and edit their own posts, as well as publish them.
• Contributor: Can write and edit their own posts, but they can’t publish them.
• Subscriber: Can only manage their own profile. This role is usually for readers of your blog and makes
commenting and interaction easier (especially if you only allow registered users to comment).

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Creating Users in WordPress
1. To add a new user to your WordPress site, log in to your WordPress site and click to expand the Users
menu.
2. Click the Add New link located in the Users menu.
3. Enter the username, email address, first name, last name, website, and password for the user.
4. If this user is brand new, it‟s a good idea to select to send this password to the new user by email.
5. Next, select the subscriber role for the user.
6. To see a basic overview of WordPress user roles, click the Help tab at the top of the screen. Here you‟ll
see details for how user roles relate to site privileges, so you‟ll be able to decide which level of access to
grant to your new user.
Editing Users
Once a user is created, you can mouse over their name in the Users list and an Edit link will appear. Click the
Edit link to access the Profile edit screen. There are a number of helpful options here, most self explanatory, but
a few could use some explanation:
• Visual Editor: If you need people to enter HTML and not use the visual editor, you can force them to use
HTML by disabling the visual editor here.
• Admin Color Scheme: Change up the default colors a user sees in their WordPress dashboard.
• Keyboard Shortcuts: Enable keyboard shortcuts for comment moderation.
• Toolbar: This turns off the WordPress admin bar when that user is logged in.
• Username: Note that the username cannot be changed.
• First Name, Last Name & Nickname: These fields allow you to enter this information for a user, so their first
and last name can be used in blog post authorship.
• Display name publicly as: Once you enter a first name, last name and nickname you‟ll have several options in
this dropdown. This determines how WordPress will display this user‟s name.
• Biographical Info: This bio paragraph can be optionally displayed, depending on your theme. This can help
you quickly and easily create author pages for your blog team.
Note: Do not create a user named “admin.” This is one of the easiest ways hackers find their way into your site.
If you have the option of assigning the username during your WordPress installation, create a username other
than “admin”. If you do not have the option of assigning the first username, it will be “admin” by default. All
you have to do is then create another user as an administrator, with a different username. You can then log in as
the new administrator and delete the old “admin” account from the User panel.
Search Engine Optimization (SEO) & WordPress
You want people to find your site, so you need to make sure it can be found. A major way to do that is to focus
on search engine optimization (SEO).
SEO is the process of making the tweaks and adjustments to your site that search engines like so they‟ll rank
your site higher. Showing up higher in search results means more people finding your site.

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There are some simple strategies that can boost your SEO. Simply creating content is a good first step. Having
more content gives search engines more things to rank, giving a user more opportunities to stumble across your
site. It also means you have more content for people to link to. More links from other sites will also help your
SEO.
Using WordPress is another good way to improve your SEO. WordPress is designed to be a search engine96
friendly way to build your site, so right from the start using WordPress will give you a leg up in the SEO game.
You can also use plugins to further boost your SEO.
WordPress Security
WordPress security is a big topic these days, but there‟s plenty you can do to secure your site.
1. Keep It Current
One of the biggest security vulnerabilities in WordPress is old software. WordPress is updated fairly often and
whenever there‟s a new security issue they roll out an update immediately. But that doesn‟t do you any good if
you‟re not keeping your installation up to date. You also need to keep your themes and plugins up to date—they
can have security issues as well.
Sometimes people put off updates for fear of breaking their site, but you‟d rather break your site with an update
than risk a break-in. Also, just because a plugin is deactivated doesn‟t mean it‟s not a threat. You need to delete
the plugin entirely.
2. Strong Passwords
Your security is only as good as your password. If you‟ve got a simple password, you‟ve got a simple site to
hack. You need to use strong passwords. Your password should have numbers, capitals, special characters (@,
#, *, etc.) and be long and unique. Your WordPress password can even include spaces and be a passphrase.
Don‟t use the same password in multiple places. Yes, remembering different passwords for different sites is
tough, but a hacked site is worse.
3. Manage Users
Your own strong password is useless if another admin has a weak one. You need to manage your users. Not
everybody needs admin access. The more people with admin access, the more chances to hack your site. Make
sure you‟re only giving admin access to the people who truly need it. And make sure those few admins are
following good security practices. Remember to update or remove users when you have staff transitions.
4. Back It Up
If anything ever goes wrong with your site, you want to be able to get it back up quickly. That means you need
a backup plan. In order for backup to work, it needs to be complete and automatic. Backing up your database
isn‟t enough. That will save your content, but you‟ll still have to rebuild your entire site, including theme
tweaks and plugin settings. And if your backup isn‟t automatic, you‟ll forget about it.

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